1
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Krause MR, Ferreira de Araujo F, Ferreira Moreira K, Oliveira de Araújo N, Paulo de Jesus Tello J, Nayana de Sousa Santos M, Luiz Finger F. Carbohydrate metabolism dynamic in chlorpropham- and 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene-treated potatoes and its effect on the browning of French fries. Food Chem 2023; 429:136718. [PMID: 37487392 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The use of a sprout suppressor is crucial for the use of potatoes beyond their natural dormancy period. The main sprout inhibitor used on a commercial scale, chlorpropham (CIPC), is becoming increasingly limited owing to its toxicity. Therefore, we evaluated the effectiveness of 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene (1,4-DMN) compared to CIPC in controlling sprouting and maintaining the quality of potato, Solanum tuberosum 'Asterix', during cold storage. Treatment with 1,4-DMN reduced fresh weight loss and controlled the number and length of sprouts comparable to CIPC. Compared to the control, both sprouting inhibitors led to higher starch and lower reducing sugar contents, and the tubers retained the recommended quality for industrial processing. After frying, less browning was observed in French fries obtained from 1,4-DMN- or CIPC-treated tubers. We ascertain that 1,4-DMN besides being an efficient sprouting inhibitor and alternative to CIPC, it contributes to maintaining the quality of French fries after cold storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Rodrigo Krause
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Karoliny Ferreira Moreira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Fernando Luiz Finger
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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2
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Singh P, Srivastava N, Mohammad A, Lal B, Singh R, Syed A, Elgorban AM, Verma M, Mishra PK, Gupta VK. Facile pretreatment strategies to biotransform Kans grass into nanocatalyst, cellulolytic enzymes, and fermentable sugars towards sustainable biorefinery applications. Bioresour Technol 2023; 386:129491. [PMID: 37463616 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation is targeted towards the facile fabrication of a carbon-based nanocatalyst (CNCs) using Kans grass biomass (KGB) and its sustainable application in microbial cellulase enhancement for the alleviation of enzymatic hydrolysis for sugar production. Different pretreatments, including physical, KGB extract-mediated treatment, followed by KOH pretreatment, have been applied to produce CNCs using KGB. The presence of CNCs influences the pretreatment of KGB substrate, fungal cellulase production, stability, and sugar recovery in the enzymatic hydrolysis of KGB. Using 1.0% CNCs pretreated KGB-based solid-state fermentation, 33 U/gds FPA and 126 U/gds BGL were obtained at 72 h, followed by 107 U/gds EG at 48 h in the presence of 0.5% CNCs. Further, 42 °C has been identified as the optimum temperature for cellulase production, while the enzyme showed thermal stability at 50 °C up to 20 h and produced 38.4 g/L sugar in 24 h through enzymatic hydrolysis of KGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Singh
- Technology Business Incubator, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Neha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Akbar Mohammad
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Basant Lal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Sciences and Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, A Central University, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah M Elgorban
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meenakshi Verma
- University Centre for Research & Development, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, India
| | - P K Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advance Material Research Centre, SRUC, Barony Campus, Parkgate, Dumfries DG1 3NE, United Kingdom; Center for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, United Kingdom.
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3
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Kag S, Kumar P, Kataria R. Potato Peel Waste as an Economic Feedstock for PHA Production by Bacillus circulans. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04741-1. [PMID: 37776440 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04741-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Polymers of hydroxy alkanoates (PHA), also known as biodegradable, biocompatible plastic, are potential alternatives to petrochemical-based plastics. PHA is synthesized by microbes in their cytoplasm in the form of inclusion bodies in stress conditions such as nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus with excessive amounts of carbon. Sugar extracted from potato peel in the form of hydrolysate was employed as a carbon source for PHA production after acidic hydrolysis. The acid hydrolysis conditions are optimized for dilute acid concentrations and temperatures. The highest sugar-yielding condition (2% 15 min at 121 ℃) was used for submerged fermentation for PHA production by Bacillus circulans MTCC 8167. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and differential scanning calorimetry were used for polymer characterization. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry confirmed the monomers such as hexadecenoic acid 3-hydroxy, methyl esters, pentadecanoic acid 14 methyl esters, and tetradecanoic acid 12- methyl esters. Crotonic acid assay was used for quantification of PHA and it was found highest (0.232 ± 0.04 g/L) at 37 °C and 36 h of incubation. Hence, potato peel waste could be a potential feedstock for waste to valuable production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonika Kag
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (DTU), Shahbad Daulatpur Village, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (DTU), Shahbad Daulatpur Village, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Rashmi Kataria
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (DTU), Shahbad Daulatpur Village, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India.
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4
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Nobrega LP, de Sá Haiad B, Ferreira BG. Epidermal and subepidermal changes during the formation of hairy galls induced by Eriophyidae on Avicennia schaueriana leaves. Naturwissenschaften 2023; 110:49. [PMID: 37737319 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-023-01876-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Leaf-galling Eriophyidae (Acarina) may promote simple or complex alterations in the organs of their host plants, such as an increase in indumentum density or the reorganization of epidermis and ground system tissue patterns. To test if hairy galls of Eriophyidae on Avicennia schaueriana (Acanthaceae) are related to complex changes, leaf galls in distinct developmental phases were compared to non-galled leaves using anatomical, histochemical, and histometric analyses. Quantitative comparisons of preferential gall induction sites and gall area according to distinct leaf portions were made to evaluate if the impacts of gall formation can be related to the distinct potentialities of leaf microsites. The apical portion of the leaves and leaf margins were the sites with the highest occurrence of galls, but no relationship was detected between gall area and induction site. The gall anatomy revealed that epidermal features are influenced the most with the development of abnormal stomata and projected or sunken salt glands. The most striking change is the neoformation of elongated filiform trichomes on the abaxial surface (where the mites occur) that accumulate reducing sugars and proteins. The filiform trichomes may protect the inducers against abiotic stressors and enemies, and the primary metabolites that accumulate are important foods for mites. The mesophyll has simple alterations, only in the spongy parenchyma. Complex alterations occur only in abaxial epidermal cells close to feeding sites of the inducer. The number of inducers per gall seems to be the most important influence on gall size, since gall area is not related to the position in the leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Ponticel Nobrega
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica), Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bárbara de Sá Haiad
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica), Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Botânica, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruno Garcia Ferreira
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica), Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Chen D, Sheng M, Wang S, Chen X, Leng A, Lin S. Dynamic changes and formation of key contributing odorants with amino acids and reducing sugars as precursors in shiitake mushrooms during hot air drying. Food Chem 2023; 424:136409. [PMID: 37220684 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic variations in key contributing odorants, amino acids and reducing sugars in shiitake mushrooms during hot-air drying were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass (HPLC-MS/MS) and ion chromatography (IC). The potential precursors were explored by the partial least squares-discriminant analysis and Pearson correlation analysis, and Met, Cys, and ribose were considered as the possible precursors of dimethyl trisulfide and lenthionine. The verification experiments in the absence and presence of shiitake mushroom matrix further confirmed that Met and its interaction with ribose both contributed to generating dimethyl trisulfide. The polynomial nonlinear fitting curve could better represent the dose-effect relationships of Met and Met-ribose to produce dimethyl trisulfide with R2 of 0.9579 and 0.9957. Conversely, ribose, Cys or Cys-ribose were verified to be unable to form the key contributing odorants. Collectively, the results provided a method to reveal precursors and generation pathway of odorants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food, China
| | - Menglong Sheng
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food, China
| | - Silu Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food, China
| | - Xiuhan Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food, China
| | - Aoxue Leng
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food, China
| | - Songyi Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food, China.
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Yaya OL, Kouadio Appiah KE, Doudjo S, Mahamane Nassirou AK, Didier FG, Benjamin YK, Drogui AP, Tyagi DR. Multi-response and multi-criteria optimization of acid hydrolyzate detoxification of cocoa pod husks: Effect on the content of phenolic compounds and fermentable sugars. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15409. [PMID: 37113786 PMCID: PMC10126933 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dilute acid hydrolysis is the most common and effective method for converting lignocellulosic substrates into fermentable sugars. However, this hydrolysis partially degrades the lignin into phenolic compounds (PC), inhibiting the fermentation medium by retaining it in the hydrolyzate. Response surface methodology is a modeling and optimization technique used to examine the effect of multiple factors on a given response. In this study, shows the removal of PC from cocoa pod husks hydrolyzate, while preserving a considerable level of reducing sugar (RS). An Alkalinization from pH 11 with NaOH, then readjustment of pH to 6 with H2SO4 were first carried out, while eliminating 89.39% of PC and 13.41% of sugars. Then, an optimization of the activated carbon detoxification of the hydrolyzate was carried out by considering the contact time factors (X1), carbon to hydrolyzate ratio (X2) and the agitation speed (X3) in a Box-Behnken plan. The optimal conditions were 60 min of contact, a carbon to hydrolyzate ratio of 1.984% (w/v), and a stirring speed of 180 revolutions per minute (rpm). 0.153 mg/mL of PC and 6.585 mg/mL of RS remained in the hydrolyzate, corresponding to 95.18% of PC and 28.88% of RS lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouattara Leygnima Yaya
- Laboratoire des Procédés Industriels de Synthèse, de l’Environnement et des Energies Nouvelles (LAPISEN), Unité Mixte de Recherche et d’Innovation en Sciences des Procédés Chimiques, Alimentaires et Environnementaux, Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Yamoussoukro, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Kouassi Esaïe Kouadio Appiah
- Laboratoire des Procédés Industriels de Synthèse, de l’Environnement et des Energies Nouvelles (LAPISEN), Unité Mixte de Recherche et d’Innovation en Sciences des Procédés Chimiques, Alimentaires et Environnementaux, Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Yamoussoukro, China
| | - Soro Doudjo
- Laboratoire des Procédés Industriels de Synthèse, de l’Environnement et des Energies Nouvelles (LAPISEN), Unité Mixte de Recherche et d’Innovation en Sciences des Procédés Chimiques, Alimentaires et Environnementaux, Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Yamoussoukro, China
| | - Amadou Kiari Mahamane Nassirou
- Laboratoire des Procédés Industriels de Synthèse, de l’Environnement et des Energies Nouvelles (LAPISEN), Unité Mixte de Recherche et d’Innovation en Sciences des Procédés Chimiques, Alimentaires et Environnementaux, Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Yamoussoukro, China
| | - Fanou Guy Didier
- Laboratoire des Procédés Industriels de Synthèse, de l’Environnement et des Energies Nouvelles (LAPISEN), Unité Mixte de Recherche et d’Innovation en Sciences des Procédés Chimiques, Alimentaires et Environnementaux, Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Yamoussoukro, China
| | - Yao Kouassi Benjamin
- Laboratoire des Procédés Industriels de Synthèse, de l’Environnement et des Energies Nouvelles (LAPISEN), Unité Mixte de Recherche et d’Innovation en Sciences des Procédés Chimiques, Alimentaires et Environnementaux, Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Yamoussoukro, China
| | - Allali Patrick Drogui
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS Eau Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 Rue de la Couronne, Québec City, Canada
| | - Dayal Rajeshwar Tyagi
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS Eau Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 Rue de la Couronne, Québec City, Canada
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7
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Cho H, Park MK, Kim YS. Study on volatile compounds formed from the thermal interaction of hydrolyzed vegetable proteins with reducing sugars. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:283-298. [PMID: 36778086 PMCID: PMC9905368 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01194-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrolyzed vegetable proteins (HVPs) are widely used food flavorings. This study investigated the volatiles formed in thermally reacted model systems containing HVPs (made from defatted soy, corn gluten, and wheat gluten) and reducing sugars (glucose and fructose). Three types of HVPs, which had different free amino acid compositions, generated qualitatively and quantitatively different volatile compounds. In the results of principal component analysis, each thermally reacted system could be distributed according to type of HVPs and sugars. Aldehydes and pyrazines highly correlated with glucose- and fructose-containing model systems, respectively. In particular, model systems containing soy HVPs showed higher contents of sugar-degraded compounds, such as maltol, furfuryl alcohol, and cyclotene. However, some Strecker aldehydes and nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, whose formation required amino acids, were more abundant in model systems containing corn and wheat HVP. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-022-01194-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsu Cho
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Park
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
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8
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Li H, McKee LS. Measuring Enzyme Kinetics of Glycoside Hydrolases Using the 3,5-Dinitrosalicylic Acid Assay. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2657:15-25. [PMID: 37149520 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3151-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Use of the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid reagent allows the simple, rapid quantification of reducing sugars. The method can be used for analysis of biological samples or in characterization of enzyme reactions, as new reducing ends are generated when a polysaccharide substrate undergoes hydrolytic cleavage. Presented here is an application of the method in measuring the kinetics of a glycoside hydrolase reaction, including the optimization of the DNSA reagent, and the production of a standard curve of absorbance versus sugar concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lauren S McKee
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden.
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9
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Xu C, Wu B, Zhao P, Wang Y, Yang H, Mi Y, Zhou Y, Ma T, Zhang S, Wu L, Chen L, Zang H, Li C. Biological saccharification coupled with anaerobic digestion using corn straw for sustainable methane production. Bioresour Technol 2023; 367:128277. [PMID: 36356846 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, accumulated fermentable sugars from biosaccharified corn straw were used to generate methane through anaerobic digestion (AD). The results showed that reducing sugars from biosaccharification expanded corn straw (BECS) treated with Clostridium thermocellum XF811 accumulated with yields of 94.9 mg/g. The BECS used for AD was converted into a high methane yield (7436 mL), which was 49.3 % higher than that of expanded corn straw (ECS). High-throughput microbial analysis suggested that Methanoculleus and Methanobacterium greatly contributed to the high methane yield. Industrial experiments demonstrated that the methane production from BECS by AD was 72,955 m3, which increased by 13.2 % compared to that from ECS. Biosaccharification pretreatment accelerated ECS destruction and accumulated sugars, thereby increasing methane yields. This study provides a strategy for producing clean energy from lignocellulose biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjiao Xu
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Bowen Wu
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Peichao Zhao
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yaozu Mi
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Tian Ma
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Linxuan Wu
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hailian Zang
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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10
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Sánchez-Terrón G, Morcuende D, Martínez R, Ruiz-Carrascal J, Estévez M. Glucose boosts protein oxidation/nitration during simulated gastric digestion of myofibrillar proteins by creating a severe pro-oxidative environment. Food Chem 2022; 397:133805. [PMID: 35914463 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The severe pro-oxidative environment in the stomach promotes oxidation of dietary components. The pro-oxidant molecular mechanisms of reducing sugars on this environment are unknown. To investigate the mechanisms involved in protein oxidation and nitration during a simulated gastric digestion (porcine pepsin, 37 °C, 2 h) of meat proteins, these were exposed to several dietary reactive components namely myoglobin, glucose, glyoxal, myoglobin + glucose and myoglobin + glyoxal. Two versions of each experimental unit were prepared depending on the addition or absence of nitrite. Compared to control (only meat proteins), myoglobin + glucose showed the highest pro-oxidative and pro-nitrosative effect (p < 0.001), likely caused by an increase in ROS derived from the degradation of glucose during assay. Nitrite promoted the occurrence of protein nitration but decreased protein oxidation in myoglobin-added groups (p < 0.001) by, plausibly, stabilizing heme iron. These results indicate the relevant role of glyco-oxidation during digestion of red meat with other dietary components such as reducing sugars.
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11
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Sun A, Wu W, Soladoye OP, Aluko RE, Bak KH, Fu Y, Zhang Y. Maillard reaction of food-derived peptides as a potential route to generate meat flavor compounds: A review. Food Res Int 2022; 151:110823. [PMID: 34980374 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Plant-based meat analogues (PBMA) are promising foods to address the global imbalance between the supply and demand for meat products caused by the increasing environmental pressures and growing human population. Given that the flavor of PBMA plays a crucial role in consumer acceptance, imparting meat-like flavor is of great significance. As a natural approach to generate meat-like flavor, the Maillard reaction involving food-derived peptides could contribute to the required flavor compounds, which has promising applications in PBMA formulations. In this review, the precursors of meat-like flavor are summarized followed by a discussion of the reactions and mechanisms responsible for generation of the flavor compounds. The preparation and analysis techniques for food-derived Maillard reacted peptides (MRPs) as well as their taste and aroma properties are discussed. In addition, the MRPs as meat flavor precursors and their potential application in the formulation of PBMA are also discussed. The present review provides a fundamental scientific information useful for the production and application of MRPs as meat flavor precursors in PBMA.
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12
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Fetyan NAH, El-Sayed AEKB, Ibrahim FM, Attia YA, Sadik MW. Bioethanol production from defatted biomass of Nannochloropsis oculata microalgae grown under mixotrophic conditions. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:2588-2597. [PMID: 34374017 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the economic feasibility and environmental sustainability of microalgal bioethanol production, a nontoxic, copious agricultural waste, sugarcane bagasse aqueous extract (SBAE) was used for cultivating Nannochloropsis oculata microalga (NNO-1 UTEX Culture LB 2164) as potential sources of substitutes for traditional nutrition to reduce the costs in cultivation through acid digestion and enzymatic treatment before being fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NRRLY-2034). The primary target of this research was to find out the ethanol from hydrolysate of the defatted biomass of N. oculata grown mixotrophically on SBAE and CO2 as carbon sources. For acid hydrolysis (AH), the highest carbohydrate yield 252.84 mg/g DW has been obtained with 5.0% (v/v) H2SO4 at 121 °C for 15 min for defatted biomass cultivated mixotrophically on sugarcane bagasse aqueous extract (SBAE) regarding 207.41 mg/g DW for defatted biomass cultivated autotrophically (control treatment). Whereas, the highest levels of reducing sugars has been obtained with 4.0% (v/v) H2SO4 157.47±1.60 mg/g DW for defatted biomass cultivated mixotrophically compared with 135.30 mg/g DW for the defatted control treatment. The combination of acid hydrolysis 2.0% (v/v) H2SO4 followed by enzymatic treatment (AEH) increased the carbohydrate yields to 268.53 mg/g DW for defatted biomass cultivated mixotrophically on SBAE regarding 177.73 mg/g DW for the defatted control treatment. However, the highest levels of reducing sugars have been obtained with 3.0% (v/v) H2SO4 followed by enzyme treatment that gave 232.39±1.77 for defatted biomass cultivated mixotrophically on SBAE and 150.75 mg/g DW for the defatted control treatment. The sugar composition of the polysaccharides showed that glucose was the principal polysaccharide sugar (60.7-62.49%) of N. oculata defatted biomass. Fermentation of the hydrolysates by Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the acid pretreated defatted biomass samples gave ethanol yield of 0.86 g/L (0.062 g/g sugar consumed) for control and 1.17 g/L (0.069 g/g sugar consumed) for SBAE mixotrophic. Whereas, the maximum ethanol yield of 6.17±0.47 g/L (0.26±0.11 g/g sugar consumed) has been obtained with samples from defatted biomass grown mixotrophically (SBAE mixotrophic) pretreated with acid coupled enzyme hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa A H Fetyan
- Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | | | - Fatma M Ibrahim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Yasser A Attia
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud W Sadik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
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13
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Srivastava N, Mohammad A, Srivastava M, Syed A, Elgorban AM, Bahadur Pal D, Mishra PK, Yoon T, Gupta VK. Biogenic enabled in-vitro synthesis of nickel cobaltite nanoparticle and its application in single stage hybrid biohydrogen production. Bioresour Technol 2021; 342:126006. [PMID: 34583111 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In biomass to biofuels production technology enzyme plays a key role. Nevertheless, the high production cost of cellulase enzyme is one of the critical issues in the economical production of biofuels. Nowadays, implementation of nanomaterials as catalyst is emerging as an innovative approach for the production of sustainable energy. In this context, synthesis of nickel cobaltite nanoparticles (NiCo2O4 NPs) via in vitro route has been conducted using fungus Emericella variecolor NS3 meanwhile; its impact has been evaluated on improved thermal and pH stability of crude cellulase enzyme obtained from Emericella variecolor NS3. Additionally, bioconversion of alkali treated rice straw using NiCo2O4 NPs stabilized cellulase produced sugar hydrolyzate which is further used for H2 production via hybrid fermentation. Total 51.7 g/L sugar hydrolyzate produced 2978 mL/L cumulative H2 production after 336 h along with maximum rate 34.12 mL/L/h in 24 h using Bacillus subtilis PF_1 and Rhodobacter sp. employed for dark and photo-fermentation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Akbar Mohammad
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea
| | - Manish Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah M Elgorban
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dan Bahadur Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - P K Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Taeho Yoon
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefiningand Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK; Centerfor Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK.
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14
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Sadeghi R, Fang F, Shao Y, Olsen N, Du B, Lin AHM. Eliminating protein interference when quantifying potato reducing sugars with the miniaturized Somogyi-Nelson assay. Food Chem 2021; 373:131473. [PMID: 34741968 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Reducing sugar (RS) quantification is essential in the potato industry because RS content plays a vital role in potato quality, acrylamide formation, post-harvest management, and new variety development. A miniaturized Somogyi-Nelson (SN) analysis can effectively and accurately quantify RS. However, soluble proteins in potatoes interfere with SN analysis. Our research goal was to develop an applicable deprotinization procedure without influencing the precision of the SN analysis. Results showed ethanol effectively removed potato proteins and, unlike other chemicals (salts, acids), ethanol did not affect SN accuracy. Protein removal also can be achieved by heating and pH adjustment, but the ethanol-based procedure provides a simpler alternative. RS content measured by the miniaturized SN assay after deproteinization by ethanol was precise and validated by HPAEC-PAD. Data from 118 potao juicies showed that a commonly used biochemical analyzer obtained a lower reducing sugar content than the deprotinization-SN assay because fructose was not identified by the biochemical analyzer. Results demonstrate the reliability of quantifying potato RS with the SN assay following the ethanol-based deproteinization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohollah Sadeghi
- Bi-State School of Food Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA; Bi-State School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Fang Fang
- Bi-State School of Food Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA; Bi-State School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Yijing Shao
- Bi-State School of Food Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA; Bi-State School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Nora Olsen
- Department of Plant Sciences, Kimberly Research and Extension Center, University of Idaho, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA
| | - Bin Du
- Bi-State School of Food Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA; Bi-State School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Amy Hui-Mei Lin
- Bi-State School of Food Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA; Bi-State School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
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15
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Nagpal R, Bhardwaj NK, Mahajan R. Eco-friendly bleaching of sugarcane bagasse with crude xylanase and pectinase enzymes to reduce the bleaching effluent toxicity. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:42990-42998. [PMID: 34218371 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15122-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bio-bleaching effect on bagasse pulp using xylano-pectinolytic enzymes produced by a bacterial species was studied in order to evaluate the potential of these enzymes in paper industry. In this study, action of enzymes was maximum with xylanase/pectinase dose 7/1.75 IU/g, pulp consistency 1:12.5 g/L, pH 8.5, temperature 50° C and 180 min of treatment time. Under the optimized bio-bleaching conditions, removal of reducing sugars (6.15±0.05 mg/L), brightness (16.08%), whiteness (25.54%) and release of chromophores (hydrophobic and phenolic compounds and lignin impurities) were maximum, along with decrease in kappa number (26.28%), and yellowness (27.88%) values were obtained. Improvement in the various physical properties like breaking length (10.28%), burst index (29.55%), tear index (5.02%), double fold (14.89%), Gurley porosity (15%) and viscosity (8.6%), along with the reduction of chlorine dioxide dose by 27%, was also observed. There is also reduction in COD and BOD values of bio-bleached effluents by 27.62% and 20.52%, respectively. This is the first report on bio-bleaching of bagasse pulp using xylano-pectinolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raksha Nagpal
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Nishi K Bhardwaj
- Avantha Center for Industrial Research and Development, Paper Mill Campus, Yamuna Nagar, India
| | - Ritu Mahajan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.
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16
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Nagpal R, Bhardwaj NK, Mahajan R. Potential of crude xylano-pectinolytic enzymes in bleaching of rice straw pulp for improving paper quality and reducing toxic effluent load generation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:18284-18293. [PMID: 33665692 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to check the potential of crude xylano-pectinolytic enzymes in bleaching of rice straw pulp, in order to reduce the toxic waste load for managing the environmental pollution. The xylano-pectinolytic enzymatic bleaching step for delignification was found to be most effective at pulp consistency 1:10 g/ml, xylanase:pectinase dose of 9:4 IU/ml, pH 8.5 and treatment time 180 min at temperature of 55 °C, and resulted in lowering of kappa number of the rice straw pulp by 15.29%. In subsequent bleaching stages, this enzymatic pre-bleaching treatment also resulted in 30% reduction of active chlorine dioxide dose without any loss of optical properties. Significant improvement in various physical properties of the enzymes treated pulp, tear index (15.43%), breaking length (11.11%), double fold number (25.92%), burst index (9.88%) and viscosity (13.63%), and Gurley porosity (39.86%) was also noticed. This approach resulted in reduction of BOD and COD values by 21.07% and 26.57%, respectively. This is the first study on the use of crude xylano-pectinolytic enzymes for bio-bleaching of rice straw pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raksha Nagpal
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Nishi K Bhardwaj
- Avantha Center for Industrial Research and Development, Paper Mill Campus, Yamuna Nagar, India
| | - Ritu Mahajan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.
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17
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Zhang X, Wang Z, Liu Z, Liu B, Wu R, Chen Z, Zuo X. New application of a traditional method: colorimetric sensor array for reducing sugars based on the in-situ formation of core-shell gold nanorod-coated silver nanoparticles by the traditional Tollens reaction. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:142. [PMID: 33774720 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04796-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An effective and robust colorimetric sensor array for simultaneous detection and discrimination of five reducing sugars (i.e., glyceraldehyde (Gly), fructose (Fru), glucose (Glu), maltose (Mal), and ribose (Rib)) has been proposed. In the sensor array, two negatively charged polydielectrics (sodium polystyrenesulfonate (NaPSS) and sodium polymethacrylate (NaPMAA)), which served as the sensing elements, were individually absorbed on the surface of the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-coated gold nanorods (AuNR) with positive charges through electrostatic action, forming the designed sensor units (NaPSS-AuNR and NaPMAA-AuNR). In the presence of Tollens reagent (Ag(NH3)2OH), Ag+ was absorbed on the surface of negatively charged NaPSS-AuNR and NaPMAA-AuNRs. When confronted with differential reducing sugars, different reducing sugars exhibited differential levels of deoxidizing abilities toward Ag+, thus Ag+ was reduced to diverse amounts of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in situ to form core-shell AuNR@AgNP by the traditional Tollens reaction method, leading to distinct colorimetric response patterns (value of AS/AL (the ratio of absorbance at 360 nm to that at 760 nm in Ag+-NaPMAA-AuNR, and the ratio of absorbance at 360 nm to that at 740 nm in Ag+-NaPSS-AuNR)). These response patterns are characteristic for each reducing sugar, and can be quantitatively distinguished by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) at concentrations as low as 10 nM with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 4.11% (n = 3). The practicability of this sensor array has been validated by recognition of reducing sugars in serum and urine samples. A colorimetric sensor array for reducing sugar discrimination based on the reduction of Ag+ and in situ formation of AuNR@AgNP.
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18
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Júnior WVA, Neto CFO, Filho BGS, Cruz ED, Amarante CB, Barbosa AVC, Nogueira GAS, Nascimento VR, Sousa DJP, Teixeira JSS. Biochemical metabolism of young plants of Ucuúba (Virola surinamensis) in the presence of cadmium. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:151. [PMID: 33761873 PMCID: PMC7990090 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02912-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Virola surinamensis is a forest species widely distributed in the estuaries of the Amazon. These ecosystems are susceptible to contamination by Cadmium (Cd), indicating that the plant has strategies for tolerating this metal. The aim of this study was to assess the nitrogen and carbon metabolism of young plants of Ucuúba (Virola surinamensis) in the presence of cadmium with the perspective of the phytoremediation of contaminated environments. The used experimental design was a completely randomized design with five Cd concentrations (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 mg L- 1), for 60 days. In general, Cd did not affect nitrate concentration in the root but had a positive effect on leaves. The reduction of nitrate reductase (NR) in plants exposed to Cd was followed by a decrease in ammonia, total soluble amino acids (TSA), and total soluble proteins (TSP). Cd promoted an increase in the concentration of total soluble carbohydrates (TSC), proline, sucrose, and reducing sugars in the plants. The increase in TSC, sucrose and proline, suggests a metabolic regulatory mechanism of V. surinamensis against Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- W V Andrade Júnior
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Institute of Agronomists Sciences, Campus Belém, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - C F Oliveira Neto
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Institute of Agronomists Sciences, Campus Belém, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - B G Santos Filho
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Institute of Agronomists Sciences, Campus Belém, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - E D Cruz
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Belem, Pará, Brazil
| | - C B Amarante
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG), Belém, Brazil
| | - A V C Barbosa
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Institute of Agronomists Sciences, Campus Belém, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - G A S Nogueira
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Institute of Agronomists Sciences, Campus Belém, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Institute of Agronomists Sciences, Campus Parauapebas, Parauapebas, Pará, Brazil.
| | - V R Nascimento
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Institute of Agronomists Sciences, Campus Belém, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - D J P Sousa
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Institute of Agronomists Sciences, Campus Belém, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - J S S Teixeira
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Institute of Agronomists Sciences, Campus Belém, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Bittner A, Griebel T, van Buer J, Juszczak-Debosz I, Baier M. Determining the ROS and the Antioxidant Status of Leaves During Cold Acclimation. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2156:241-54. [PMID: 32607985 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0660-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cold slows down Calvin cycle activity stronger than photosynthetic electron transport, which supports production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Even under extreme temperature conditions, most ROS are detoxified by the combined action of low-molecular weight antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes. Subsequent regeneration of the low-molecular weight antioxidants by NAD(P)H and thioredoxin/thiol-dependent pathways relaxes the electron pressure in the photosynthetic electron transport chain. In general, the chloroplast antioxidant system protects plants from severe damage of enzymes, metabolites, and cellular structures by both ROS detoxification and antioxidant recycling. Various methods have been developed to quantify ROS and antioxidant levels in photosynthetic tissues. Here, we summarize a series of exceptionally fast and easily applicable methods that show local ROS accumulation and provide information on the overall availability of reducing sugars, mainly ascorbate, and of thiols.
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Zhang H, Liu X, Song B, Nie B, Zhao Z. Effect of excessive nitrogen on levels of amino acids and sugars, and differential response to post-harvest cold storage in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 157:38-46. [PMID: 33069979 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an important nutrient for increased potato tuber yield. However, excessive N can decrease tuber quality. Furthermore, the impact of optimal and higher N levels of potato tuber metabolic profile at harvest and cold storage remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the metabolic profiling of free amino acids and sugars in potato tubers affected by different nitrogen levels (optimal, ON; and excessive, EN) at harvest (AH) and cold storage (CS) (~4 °C, 4 weeks) through untargeted GC-TOF-MS, and targeted UHPLC-QqQ-MS. Carbohydrate content and vacuolar invertase activity (IV) were determined. Principal component analysis of metabolite data indicated a distinct separation between ON and EN treatments at harvest and cold storage. Multivariate data analysis revealed that sucrose, reducing sugars, and free asparagine were the most altered metabolites (VIP > 1 and P < 0.05), which were involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism. At harvest, the absolute contents of various free amino acids including asparagine were higher (by 1.3-1.5 fold) in the EN treatment than ON treatment, and this difference was maintained at 4-week cold storage. Under the EN treatment, tuber maturity was reduced, and sucrose accumulation was increased at harvest, while IV was increased after cold storage, reducing sugar also accumulated. These results highlighted the negative effects of EN on free amino acid and sugars metabolism in the post-harvest tubers and provided useful information for understanding the underpinning physiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Zhang
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xinwei Liu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Botao Song
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Bihua Nie
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zhuqing Zhao
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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21
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Varghese LM, Nagpal R, Singh A, Mishra OP, Bhardwaj NK, Mahajan R. Ultrafiltered biopulping strategy for the production of good quality pulp and paper from sugarcane bagasse. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:44614-44622. [PMID: 33037542 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11102-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This research was carried out with an objective to examine the efficacy of ultrafiltered xylano-pectinolytic enzymes in pulping of sugarcane bagasse. Maximum biopulping was achieved with enzyme dose of xylanase (175 IU / g bagasse) and pectinase (75 IU / g bagasse) at treatment period of 180 min. The temperature, pH, and bagasse to liquid ratio for biopulping experiments were kept constant at 55o C, 8.5, and 1:10 (g/ml), respectively. The ultrafiltered biopulping improved chemical pulping, resulted in 25.11%, 9.17% increase in brightness, unscreened pulp production and 11.81, 59.50, and 49.14% decrease in total solids, rejections. and kappa number, respectively. The bagasse biopulping also resulted in 15% decrease of alkali load to attain similar kappa number and optical properties as obtained under 100% alkali dosage. Ultrafiltered biopulped-unbleached samples showed significant increase in breaking length (13.55%), burst index (40.21%), tear index (19.04%), double fold (42.5%), Gurley porosity (28.21%) and viscosity (13.37%) in comparison with non-enzymatically treated control pulp samples. In comparison with non biotreated-bleached pulp samples, ultrafiltered biopulped-bleached samples also resulted in higher burst index (56.80%), breaking length (17.38%), double fold (39.58%), tear index (3.38%), viscosity (30.68%), and Gurley porosity (52.50%). This environmentally sustainable ultrafiltered biopulping approach for sugarcane bagasse has the potential to decrease the demand of chemicals, ultimately pollution along with enhance the quality of paper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raksha Nagpal
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Avtar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Om Prakash Mishra
- Avantha Center for Industrial Research and Development, Paper Mill Campus, Yamuna Nagar, India
| | - Nishi Kant Bhardwaj
- Avantha Center for Industrial Research and Development, Paper Mill Campus, Yamuna Nagar, India
| | - Ritu Mahajan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.
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22
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McCormick W, Muldoon C, McCrudden D. Electrochemical flow injection analysis for the rapid determination of reducing sugars in potatoes. Food Chem 2020; 340:127919. [PMID: 32889210 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors for the monitoring of reducing sugars in foods has great potential as a rapid in-situ detection method. This development involved the assembly of a nanoporous platinum structure on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). The modified electrode was then employed as an amperometric sensing element in a flow injection analysis (FIA) manifold. The system was successfully applied to the rapid detection of reducing sugars in potatoes, without the need for sample preparation. Optimal signals were achieved in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL min-1 and an applied potential of 0.6 V. Experimental results demonstrated the sensor's long-term stability and high selectivity for reducing sugars. This method provides high sample throughput due to a rapid response time of less than five seconds. Reducing sugar values determined were in good agreement with those recorded using a commercially available enzymatic assay kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley McCormick
- Department of Science, Letterkenny Institute of Technology, Letterkenny, Ireland
| | - Cliodhna Muldoon
- Department of Science, Letterkenny Institute of Technology, Letterkenny, Ireland
| | - Denis McCrudden
- Department of Science, Letterkenny Institute of Technology, Letterkenny, Ireland.
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Franco MDOK, Suarez WT, Dos Santos VB, Resque IS. A novel digital image method for determination of reducing sugars in aged and non-aged cachaças employing a smartphone. Food Chem 2020; 338:127800. [PMID: 32798815 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, a method is proposed for colorimetric determination of reducing sugars in cachaça employing digital image and a smartphone as detector. The method was based on the reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) by sugars and followed by the formation of a colored Cu(I)-Neocuproine complex. A calibration curve was linear from 0.1 to 15 g L-1 for glucose and fructose with limits of detection of 0.012 g L-1 and 0.010 g L-1, respectively. It was observed that the non-aged cachaças, known for having inferior flavors and aromas, had a reducing sugar content three times higher than the aged cachaças, once a common practice among producers is to add sugar to adjust sensory deficits in the final product. Furthermore, the method is simple, does not require complex technical knowledge and it could be used as a tool to check possible fraud, adulteration or non-compliance to the law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathews de O K Franco
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Willian T Suarez
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Vagner B Dos Santos
- Fundamental Chemistry Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Ian S Resque
- Fundamental Chemistry Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil
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Si D, Shang T, Liu X, Zheng Z, Hu Q, Hu C, Zhang R. Production and characterization of functional wheat bran hydrolysate rich in reducing sugars, xylooligosaccharides and phenolic acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:e00511. [PMID: 32775234 PMCID: PMC7397401 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to enhance production of functional hydrolysate from wheat bran (WB). WB was hydrolyzed with 3000 U/mL ɑ-amylase and 1200 U/mL alkaline protease to prepare WB insoluble dietary fibre (WBIDF). Functional hydrolysate production from the extract containing crude xylan of WBIDF by xylanase was optimized by Taguchi method. The optimal condition for xylan degradation and functional substances production was 78.50 U/mL xylanase, pH 10.0, 50 °C, and reaction time 6 h. The maximum yield of reducing sugars was 614.0 μg/mL, xylobiose increased from 12.9 μg/mL to 213.3 μg/mL, xylotriose increased from 34.9 μg/mL to 174.0 μg/mL, ferulic acid 13.1 μg/mL made up 57.5 % of the total identifiable phenolic pool in the hydrolysate. The total antioxidant activity of hydrolysate was 141.8 mg ascorbic acid equivalents g-1 crude xylan, and the highest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity reached 92.7 %. The hydrolysate exhibited great potential in agricultural and food industry application.
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Key Words
- AAE, ascorbic acid equivalents
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- Antioxidant capacity
- DAD, diode array detector
- DNS, dinitrosalicylic acid
- DP, degree of polymerization
- DPPH, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
- Hydrolysis optimization
- Phenolic acids
- Reducing sugars
- WB, wheat bran
- WBIDF, wheat bran insoluble dietary fibre
- Wheat bran
- X2, xylobiose
- X3, xylotriose
- X4, xylotetraose
- X5, xylopentose
- X6, xylohexose
- XOS, xylooligosaccharides
- Xylooligosaccharides
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Si
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Shang
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhui Liu
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaojun Zheng
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyong Hu
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Hu
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Rijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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Liu H, Wang Z, Zhang D, Shen Q, Hui T, Ma J. Generation of key aroma compounds in Beijing roasted duck induced via Maillard reaction and lipid pyrolysis reaction. Food Res Int 2020; 136:109328. [PMID: 32846527 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the evolution of key aroma compounds and the chemical changes of their precursors, including reducing sugars, free amino acids, free fatty acids, thiamine and proximate compositions in Beijing roasted duck during roasting for 0-80 min. The results showed that the amounts and contents of 9 key aroma compounds in roasted ducks first quickly increased (p < 0.05) and subsequently remained constant (p > 0.05) after 50 min, except for a slight decrease between 70 and 80 min. Cysteine, cystine and methionine were the main free amino acids and could react with glucose and ribose to generate 2-furfurylthiol, dimethyl trisulfide and methional. Linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid had important effects on the increase of hexanal, octanal and nonanal together with the emergence and formation of heptanal, (E, E)-2,4-decadienal and 1-octene-3-ol. However, thiamine might not be the main precursor of the key aroma compounds in Beijing roasted duck.
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Deshavath NN, Mukherjee G, Goud VV, Veeranki VD, Sastri CV. Pitfalls in the 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) assay for the reducing sugars: Interference of furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:180-5. [PMID: 32289426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transformation of renewable biomass into value-added chemicals and biofuels has evolved to be a vital field of research in recent years. Accurate estimation of reducing sugars post pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass has been very inconsistent. For a few decades, 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) assay has been widely employed for the estimation of reducing sugars derived from pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. This assay tests for the presence of free carbonyl group (C=O), the so-called reducing sugars. This involves the oxidation of the aldehyde functional group present to the corresponding acid while DNS is simultaneously reduced to 3-amino-5-nitrosalicylic acid under alkaline conditions. However, the presence of other active carbonyl groups can potentially also react with DNS leading to incorrect yields of reducing sugars. Therefore, a detailed study has been carried out to evaluate the influence of active carbonyl compounds like furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) in the overall estimation of reducing sugars (glucose, xylose and arabinose) by DNS assay. In addition to this, reducing sugars estimation in the presence of furans were also investigated, it reveals that reducing sugars estimation was found to be 68% higher than actual sugars. Therefore, current findings strongly indicate that the employment of DNS assay for quantifying the reducing sugars in the presence of furans is not appropriate.
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Hemalatha M, Sravan JS, Min B, Venkata Mohan S. Concomitant use of Azolla derived bioelectrode as anode and hydrolysate as substrate for microbial fuel cell and electro-fermentation applications. Sci Total Environ 2020; 707:135851. [PMID: 31874398 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The potential of deoiled Azolla pinnata biomass (DAB) as electrode and substrate was evaluated for microbial fuel cell (MFC) operation. The anode electrode was fabricated using biochar obtained by subjecting DAB to pyrolysis at 600 °C, while the reducing sugars after hydrolysis of DAB by acid pretreatment was used as substrate. The post pyrolyzed biochar (P-DAB) was characterized for structural and elemental functionalities using SEM, XRD and Raman spectroscopy, whereas the reducing sugar obtained from hydrolyzed DAB (H-DAB) was analyzed for its composition. Experimental results indicated that at a given 3 g COD/L resulted in a voltage of 382 mV with 65.6% of COD reduction in closed circuit (CC) mode of operation. Cyclic voltammetric analysis depicted maximum oxidative and reductive peak currents of 3.42 mA and -4.0 mA. Noticeable peaks were also identified in CC (-0.2 V to +0.2 V and -0.19 V to -0.3 V) and OC (+0.2 V to +0.4 V and -0.1 V to -0.3 V) corresponding to complex IV cytochrome c couples (cytochrome Cox (Cyt Cox)/cytochrome Crd (Cyt Crd)), signifying the participation of electron carriers during electron transfer. The microbiome diversity showed dominance of Proteobacteria, a phylum known for exo-electrogenic bacterial species. The DAB-derived products account to environmental sustainability and support circular bioeconomy in a biorefinery mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manupati Hemalatha
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT) campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - J Shanthi Sravan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT) campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Booki Min
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seocheon-dong, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT) campus, Hyderabad, India; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seocheon-dong, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea.
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Joshi SM, Gogate PR. Intensification of dilute acid hydrolysis of spent tea powder using ultrasound for enhanced production of reducing sugars. Ultrason Sonochem 2020; 61:104843. [PMID: 31683236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Spent tea (ST) powder is one of the potential sustainable sources available abundantly and can be utilized to produce reducing sugars required for production of platform chemicals. The current study aims at intensifying the reducing sugars production based on ultrasound assisted dilute acid hydrolysis (UADAH). The effects of reaction time, solid liquid ratio, acid concentration and temperature on the yield of reducing sugars were investigated initially for UADAH process based on ultrasonic (US) horn. The highest yield of 24.75 g/L for the reducing sugars was obtained at solid liquid ratio of 1:8, acid concentration of 1% w/v and temperature of 60 °C within 120 min. Use of oxidants like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Fenton's reagent to further intensify the production has also been studied. Use of H2O2 at optimum loading of 0.75 g/L resulted in reducing sugars yield of 26.2 g/L within 75 min while using same H2O2 loading with FeSO4 at loading of 0.75 g/L along with UADAH reduced the reaction time to 60 min for almost similar yield. Large scale studies performed using US flow cell revealed that yield of reducing sugars as 22.4 g/L is obtained in 120 min in the case of only UADAH, while in the case of UADAH along with H2O2 and Fenton's reagent, similar yield of reducing sugars was obtained in only 90 and 60 min respectively. UADAH in combination with oxidants has been demonstrated as an effective and intensified approach to produce reducing sugars from spent tea powder available as sustainable source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh M Joshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Parag R Gogate
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
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Gil M, Ruiz P, Quijano J, Londono-Londono J, Jaramillo Y, Gallego V, Tessier F, Notario R. Effect of temperature on the formation of acrylamide in cocoa beans during drying treatment: An experimental and computational study. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03312. [PMID: 32072041 PMCID: PMC7016235 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to determine the effect of temperature on the formation of acrylamide in cocoa beans during drying treatment by an experimental and computational study, in order to assess the presence of this neoformed compound from postharvest stage. The computational study was conducted on the reaction between fructose, glyoxal from glucose, and on asparagine at the M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p) level, under cocoa bean drying conditions at 323.15 to 343.15 K. The proposed reaction for acrylamide formation consisted of seven steps, which required to progress a via cyclic transition state of the four members. In addition, step III (decarboxylation) was considered to be the rate-determining step. Glucose followed an E1-like elimination and fructose exhibited an E1cb-like elimination. Computational model showed that the reaction of acrylamide formation was favored by fructose rather than glucose. The content of reducing sugars, asparagine and acrylamide in fermented and dried cocoa from two subregions of Antioquia-Colombia, as well as roasted cocoa, were evaluated by UHPLC-C-CAD and UHPLC-QqQ. The concentrations of monosaccharides measured at the end of the fermentation and drying process of cocoa nibs showed greater decreases in the levels of fructose as compared to glucose, supporting the main model hypothesis. Acrylamide formation only occurred in Bajo Cauca due to the presence of both precursors and fast drying time (72 h). Finally, it was possible to find the conditions to which acrylamide can be formed from the drying process and not only from roasting, information that can be used for future control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritza Gil
- Grupo de investigación de Ingeniería de Alimentos GRIAL. Corporación Universitaria Lasallista. Caldas, Antioquia, Colombia
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín AP 3840, Medellín, Colombia
- Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Pablo Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín AP 3840, Medellín, Colombia
- Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jairo Quijano
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín AP 3840, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Yamilé Jaramillo
- Grupo de investigación de Ingeniería de Alimentos GRIAL. Corporación Universitaria Lasallista. Caldas, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Vanessa Gallego
- Grupo de investigación de Ingeniería de Alimentos GRIAL. Corporación Universitaria Lasallista. Caldas, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Frederic Tessier
- Faculty of Medicine - University of Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Rafael Notario
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Kawatra M, Kaur K, Kaur G. Effect of osmo priming on sucrose metabolism in spring maize, during the period of grain filling, under limited irrigation conditions. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2019; 25:1367-1376. [PMID: 31736540 PMCID: PMC6825107 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00706-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to study the effect of osmo priming on sucrose metabolism of spring maize, under limited irrigation conditions. Osmo priming increased the activities of acid invertase, alkaline invertase and sucrose synthase (cleavage) and the contents of reducing sugars and starch in the grains of stressed plants. There was also an increase in sucrose phosphate synthase activity with a parallel increase in sucrose content in leaves of stressed plants in comparison with those of hydro priming treatment. It showed that osmo priming helped in improving sucrose phosphate synthase activity in leaves of plants, leading to higher sucrose content, under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misha Kawatra
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Kamaljit Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Gurjit Kaur
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
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Sołtys-Kalina D, Szajko K, Wasilewicz-Flis I, Mańkowski D, Marczewski W, Śliwka J. Quantitative trait loci for starch-corrected chip color after harvest, cold storage and after reconditioning mapped in diploid potato. Mol Genet Genomics 2020; 295:209-19. [PMID: 31642957 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-019-01616-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to map the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for chip color after harvest (AH), cold storage (CS) and after reconditioning (RC) in diploid potato and compare them with QTLs for starch-corrected chip color. Chip color traits AH, CS, and RC significantly correlated with tuber starch content (TSC). To limit the effect of starch content, the chip color was corrected for TSC. The QTLs for chip color (AH, CS, and RC) and the starch-corrected chip color determined with the starch content after harvest (SCAH), after cold storage (SCCS) and after reconditioning (SCRC) were compared to assess the extent of the effect of starch and the location of genetic factors underlying this effect on chip color. We detected QTLs for the AH, CS, RC and starch-corrected traits on ten potato chromosomes, confirming the polygenic nature of the traits. The QTLs with the strongest effects were detected on chromosomes I (AH, 0 cM, 11.5% of variance explained), IV (CS, 43.9 cM, 12.7%) and I (RC, 49.7 cM, 14.1%). When starch correction was applied, the QTLs with the strongest effects were revealed on chromosomes VIII (SCAH, 39.3 cM, 10.8% of variance explained), XI (SCCS, 79.5 cM, 10.9%) and IV (SCRC, 43.9 cM, 10.8%). Applying the starch correction changed the landscape of QTLs for chip color, as some QTLs became statistically insignificant, shifted or were refined, and new QTLs were detected for SCAH. The QTLs on chromosomes I and IV were significant for all traits with and without starch correction.
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Farrokhi Z, Alizadeh H, Alizadeh H. Developmental patterns of enzyme activity, gene expression, and sugar content in sucrose metabolism of two broomrape species. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 142:8-14. [PMID: 31247445 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of broomrape physiological features opens up new perspectives for developing specific management strategies. For this purpose, activities of key enzymes involved in osmoregulation (SAI1, CWI, M6PR, and SUS1) were considered at developmental stages of two important broomrape species (Egyptian and branched broomrape) on tomato. While Egyptian broomrape tubercles had high activities of invertases, branched broomrape shoots revealed high activities of M6PR and SUS1 during both pre- and post-emergence stages except for M6PR at post-emergence stages of P. aegyptiaca. Interestingly, the main accumulation of total reducing sugars was detected in tubercle during pre- and in shoot during post-emergence. Unlike low levels of genes expression (except for CWI) before parasite emergence, significantly higher expression levels of SAI1, SUS1 and M6PR were detected after parasite emergence. Matching the expression levels of SAI1 and SUS1 genes with their corresponding enzymes activities makes them as the suitable candidates for gene silencing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Farrokhi
- Department of Agronomy & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hassan Alizadeh
- Department of Agronomy & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Houshang Alizadeh
- Department of Agronomy & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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Sirohi R, Pandey JP. Dilute acid hydrolysis of spoiled wheat grains: Analysis of chemical, rheological and spectral characteristics. Bioresour Technol 2019; 283:53-58. [PMID: 30901588 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, hydrolysis of spoiled wheat grains using dilute acid (5, 10%; 1 N HCl) was investigated and the effect of hydrolysis conditions on reducing sugars, soluble proteins, rheology and infrared spectra of the hydrolysates was determined. Hydrolysis with 10% acid concentration released more quantities of reducing sugar (16.47 mg/mL) at shorter hydrolysis times whereas 5% acid concentration produced higher protein content (28.74 mg/mL) for similar durations. Flow characteristics demonstrated an increased apparent viscosity of the hydrolysates retrieved after 4.5 h of hydrolysis possibly due to breakdown of hemicelluloses and lignin into sugars. Infrared spectroscopy showed release of carbonates after 1.5 h and 5.5 h of hydrolysis perhaps due to oxidation of lignin or a reaction between acid and sugars. The study highlights that acid hydrolysis would be a rapid and cost effective approach to produce fermentable hydrolysates for bio-processing industry applications while generating an avenue for waste grain utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Postharvest Process and Food Engineering, College of Technology, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263 145, India.
| | - Jai Prakash Pandey
- Department of Postharvest Process and Food Engineering, College of Technology, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263 145, India
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Hemalatha M, Sravan JS, Min B, Venkata Mohan S. Microalgae-biorefinery with cascading resource recovery design associated to dairy wastewater treatment. Bioresour Technol 2019; 284:424-429. [PMID: 30978645 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The potential of microalgae for the treatment of dairy wastewater (DWW) was studied by integrating with bioethanol production. At the end of treatment, organic carbon removal was observed to be 90% with simultaneous removal of nutrients. Biomass concentration increased from 3rd day and reached to a maximum of 1.4 g L-1 by the end of cycle. The biomolecular composition of microalgae comprised of 38% carbohydrates, 15% proteins and 22% lipids. Reducing sugars extracted from deoiled microalgae showed highest percentage of glucose (54.12%) than other monomers. The reducing sugars obtained were utilized for the production of bioethanol via yeast fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This resulted in the production of ethanol (3G) upto 116.2 mg g-1 with simultaneous decrease in reducing sugars upto 92 mg g-1. The results obtained indicate potential of microalgae to produce multiple biobased products in a biorefinery framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manupati Hemalatha
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, CEEFF, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Hyderabad, India
| | - J Shanthi Sravan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, CEEFF, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Booki Min
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seocheon-dong, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, CEEFF, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Hyderabad, India; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seocheon-dong, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea.
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de Souza IA, Orsi DC, Gomes AJ, Lunardi CN. Enzymatic hydrolysis of starch into sugars is influenced by microgel assembly. Biotechnol Rep (Amst) 2019; 22:e00342. [PMID: 31080766 PMCID: PMC6500924 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of alginate and chitosan polymer in the immobilization of Aspergillus oryzae ATCC 3940 fungal crude enzyme extract (CEE) amylase was presented. The assembly results change in the application of optimal pH and temperature hydrolysis to convert starch to sugar. Bead arrangement in three microgel supports: the internal support phase (IP), the external support phase (EP), and the internal and external support phase (UP). The best results were obtained using IP and EP. Reusing beads evaluated the stability of immobilized enzymes on IP support, remained active and bound during three cycles of reuse. For free and immobilized (IP) activity showed pH ranged from 5.0 to 7.0; optimum thermal enzymatic greater activity at 45 °C. The method of building the microgel influencing sugar reduction, in a single-step way to immobilize crude fungal amylase extracts can be used in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Claure N. Lunardi
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Nanobiotechnology, Universidade de Brasília, Centro Metropolitano, Brasília 72220-275, DF, Brazil
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Zhou L, Zhang S, Li Z, Zhang Z, Liu R, Yun J. WCl 6 catalyzed cellulose degradation at 80 °C and lower in [BMIM]Cl. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 212:289-296. [PMID: 30832859 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of cellulose to reducing sugar is the key step for the conversion of cellulose to valuable chemicals. Cellulose was degraded by WCl6 in 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazole chloride at 80 °C and lower. 83% and 85.5% yield of total reducing sugar was gotten at 70 and 80 °C, respectively. Compared with inorganic acid, heteropoly acid, acidic ionic liquid and other metal chlorides, WCl6 has shown better catalytic performance for degradation of cellulose to reducing sugar. The effect of reaction temperature, reaction time, WCl6 amount and cellulose concentration were investigated. Degradation of cellulose by WCl6 in 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazole chloride is a zero reaction. WCl6 also showed excellent catalytic performance for the degradation of nature cellulose and lignocellulose. Catalyst can be reused at least 5 times without decrease of reducing sugar yield. The mechanism of degradation of WCl6 was also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilong Zhou
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Provience 050018, PR China.
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Provience 050018, PR China
| | - Zhengjie Li
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Provience 050018, PR China
| | - Zhikun Zhang
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Provience 050018, PR China
| | - Runjing Liu
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Provience 050018, PR China
| | - Jimmy Yun
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Provience 050018, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Ndlovu T, Van Wyk J. Isolation of cellulase enzyme from brown garden snail ( Cornu aspersum) for the saccharification of waste paper materials. MethodsX 2019; 6:1030-1035. [PMID: 31193059 PMCID: PMC6517372 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Garden snails (Cornu aspersum) have been sacrificed by drowning the snails overnight in water. The visceral organs (inside the shell organs) have been separated from the foot as well as the shell and homogenized using tris-HCl buffer, pH 5. The homogenate of visceral organs was dialysed in distilled water at 4 °C for 18 h where after the dialysed material was used to bio-convert the cellulose component of various waste paper materials into fermentable sugars such as glucose. Saccharification of the waste cellulose materials was performed with the extracted snail cellulase during ten consecutive incubation periods of 2 h each. The amount of sugars produced during cellulase action on waste cellulose was determined by the dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. All incubations were performed in triplicate and the percent saccharification of each paper material was determined as a fraction of the paper material exposed to cellulase action. •Cellulase extracted from brown garden snail•Saccharification of waste paper using garden snail cellulase.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.M. Ndlovu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
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Vicentini TM, Cavalheiro AH, Dechandt CRP, Alberici LC, Vargas-Rechia CG. Aluminum directly inhibits alternative oxidase pathway and changes metabolic and redox parameters on Jatropha curcas cell culture. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 136:92-97. [PMID: 30660100 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity has been recognized to be a main limiting factor of crop productivity in acid soil. Al interacts with cell walls disrupting the functions of the plasma membrane and is associated with oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. Jatropha curcas L. (J. curcas) is a drought resistant plant, widely distributed around the world, with great economic and medicinal importance. Here we investigated the effects of Al on J. curcas mitochondrial function and cell viability, analyzing mitochondrial respiration, phenolic compounds, reducing sugars and cell viability in cultured J. curcas cells. The results showed that at 70 μM, Al limited mitochondrial respiration by inhibiting the alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway in the respiratory chain. An increased concentration of reducing sugars and reduced concentration of intracellular phenolic compounds was observed during respiratory inhibition. After inhibition, a time-dependent upregulation of AOX mRNA was observed followed by restoration of respiratory activity and reducing sugar concentrations. Cultured J. curcas cells were very resistant to Al-induced cell death. In addition, at 70 μM, Al also appeared as an inhibitor of cell wall invertase. In conclusion, Al tolerance in cultured J. curcas cells involves a inhibition of mitochondrial AOX pathway, which seems to start an oxidative burst to induce AOX upregulation, which in turn restores consumption of O2 and substrates. These data provide new insight into the signaling cascades that modulate the Al tolerance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane M Vicentini
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda H Cavalheiro
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos R P Dechandt
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane C Alberici
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carem G Vargas-Rechia
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Geleta GA, De Meulenaer B. The effect of peeling and cooking processes on nutrient composition of Oromo dinich (Plectranthus edulis) tuber. Food Res Int 2019; 116:387-396. [PMID: 30716961 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of peeling and cooking processes (boiling, steaming and baking) on the proximate, amino acids, mono, and disaccharides content of Oromo dinich (Plectranthus edulis) tubers from selected landraces were investigated. The effect of peeling on the crude protein, reducing sugars and sucrose content of the tuber was not consistent across the landraces. Crude protein reduced in landraces DHSer, IWsh, DGArr, and DGArw but increased in landrace CWsh. Reducing sugars (fructose, glucose, and maltose) increase in landraces LWsh, CWsh, DGArr, and DOJiw but reduced in landrace DOSu. Sucrose reduced in landraces IWsh and LWsh but increased in landrace CWsh on dry matter basis. Peeling significantly reduced the dry matter, ash and crude fiber content of the tubers. Dry matter reduced in landraces CWsh, DGArr, and DGArw; ash reduced in landraces DHSer and DGArw; crude-fiber reduced in landraces DOSu, DOSer, LWsh, CWsh, DGArr, and DGArw. On contrary, peeling significantly increased the crude fat, sum of total amino acids content and energy density of the tubers. Crude fat increased in landrace DOSu, IWsh, CWsh, DGArr, and DOJiw. Sum of total amino acids increased in landraces DOSu, DOJiw, and DGArw. Energy density (KJ/100 g dm) increased in landraces DOSu, DHSer, IWsh, and DOJiw. Boiling and steaming significantly increased the ash content of the tubers in landrace LWsh. Steaming and baking significantly increased crude fiber in landraces IWch and CWsh, and carbohydrate content of the tubers in landrace LWsh. Boiling, steaming and baking significantly reduced the crude fiber and the energy density of the tubers in landrace LWsh. Baking significantly reduced the moisture content of the tubers in landraces IWch, LWsh and CWsh. Boiling significantly reduced reducing sugars and crude fat content of the tubers in landraces IWch, LWsh and CWsh. The reduction in reducing sugar and crude fat content most likely is due to leaching and the presence of essential oils respectively. Thus to get the best possible nutritional benefits from P.edulis tubers, cooking with their skin under optimized operation recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gifty Abera Geleta
- NutriFOODchem Group, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health (member of Food2Know), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; School of Plant and Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hawassa University, P.O. 05, Awassa, Ethiopia
| | - Bruno De Meulenaer
- NutriFOODchem Group, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health (member of Food2Know), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Sami F, Hayat S. Effect of glucose on the morpho-physiology, photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant system, and carbohydrate metabolism in Brassica juncea. Protoplasma 2019; 256:213-226. [PMID: 30066267 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1291-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present experiment was conducted to investigate the promotive effects of exogenous glucose (Glc) on the morpho-physiology in Brassica juncea. L. cv. RGN-48. The plants were treated with the different concentrations (0, 2, 4, and 8%) of glucose as foliar spray at 25 days after sowing (DAS) for 5 days consecutively. The plants were collected to analyze various growth and photosynthetic parameters at 30, 45, and 60 DAS. After 5 days exposure to Glc, the level of carbohydrate, total reducing sugars, proline, plant water status, chlorophyll content, as well as that of activities of peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), and superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) were increased. Glc application also enhanced the gaseous exchange parameters, i.e., stomatal conductance (gs), internal CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (E), and net photosynthetic rate (PN) in intact leaf. Other enzymes, such as nitrate reductase (EC 1.7.99.4) and carbonic anhydrase (EC 4.2.1.1) were also increased. Additionally, microscopic studies further reveal a remarkable increase in the stomatal aperture on Glc exposure. Moreover, exogenous Glc decreases the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide radical (O2·-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This indicates that exogenous Glc application has a positive effect on Brassica juncea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareen Sami
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Shamsul Hayat
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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41
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Abaide ER, Ugalde G, Di Luccio M, Moreira RDFPM, Tres MV, Zabot GL, Mazutti MA. Obtaining fermentable sugars and bioproducts from rice husks by subcritical water hydrolysis in a semi-continuous mode. Bioresour Technol 2019; 272:510-520. [PMID: 30391844 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed at producing fermentable sugars and bioproducts from rice husks by subcritical water hydrolysis at 25 MPa in a semi-continuous mode. The influences of temperature (180 °C; 220 °C; 260 °C) and liquid/solid ratio (7.5 g water/g husks; 15 g water/g husks) on reducing sugar yield (YRS), efficiency (E), kinetic profiles (0-15 min), composition of sugars, inhibitors and organic acids, and physicochemical characteristics of the remaining solid material were evaluated and discussed in the work. The highest YRS (18.0 ± 2.9 g/100 g husks) and E (39.5 ± 1.7 g sugars/100 g carbohydrates) were obtained at 220 °C and 7.5 gwater/g husks. In such condition, the hydrolyzed solutions presented cellobiose (18.0 g/L), xylose 17.7 g/L), arabinose (3.6 g/L), glucose (1.5 g/L), and levulinic acid (0.7 g/L). The fermentable sugars and bioproducts can be applied in several industrial fields, especially for the production of bioethanol and other higher value-added chemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ederson R Abaide
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000, Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 1040, Sete de Setembro St, Center DC, Cachoeira do Sul - RS 96508-010, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Ugalde
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000, Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Marco Di Luccio
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Regina de F P M Moreira
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Marcus V Tres
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 1040, Sete de Setembro St, Center DC, Cachoeira do Sul - RS 96508-010, Brazil
| | - Giovani L Zabot
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 1040, Sete de Setembro St, Center DC, Cachoeira do Sul - RS 96508-010, Brazil.
| | - Marcio A Mazutti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000, Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
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Naresh Kumar A, Min B, Venkata Mohan S. Defatted algal biomass as feedstock for short chain carboxylic acids and biohydrogen production in the biorefinery format. Bioresour Technol 2018; 269:408-416. [PMID: 30212764 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the potential application of defatted algal biomass (DAB) residue as a resource for biobased product synthesis in the biorefinery framework. Acid-catalyzed pretreatment of DAB residue resulted in higher reducing sugars (RS) solubilization (0.26 g RS/g DAB) than corresponding base method (0.19 g RS/g DAB). Subsequently, resulting RS were acidogenically fermented for the production of Bio-H2 and short chain carboxylic acids (SCA)/volatile fatty acids (VFA) at varying redox conditions (pH: 6, 7 and 10). Biosystem with pH-6 resulted in higher SCA (0.54 g SCA/g RS) and Bio-H2 production (0.83 l) followed by pH-10 (0.43 g SCA/g RS, 0.71 l) and pH-7 (0.27 g SCA/g RS, 0.48 l). Higher SCA production in pH-6 system resulted in maximum acidification (23%). Algal biomass majorly derived from CO2 and its residues after lipids extraction accounted as major feedstock for acidogenic product synthesis. Evaluation of these studies using DAB residues offers sustainability to algal refineries on its entirety use.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Naresh Kumar
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, CEEFF CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India
| | - Booki Min
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seocheon-dong, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, CEEFF CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seocheon-dong, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea.
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Dinh TTN, Legako JF, Miller MF, Brooks JC. Effects of USDA quality grade and cooking on water-soluble precursors of beef flavor. Meat Sci 2018; 146:122-30. [PMID: 30142508 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to determine the effects of three USDA quality grades and cooking on the water-soluble flavor precursors of beef Longissimus lumborum. Raw and cooked steaks from beef strip loins of USDA Prime (PR; n = 8), Low-Choice (LC; n = 8), and Standard (ST; n = 8) were analyzed for extractable free amino acids, reducing sugars, and other nitrogenous organic compounds (NOCs). Overall, two-way quality grade × cooking interactions were found for the contents of most water-soluble precursors (Pquality grade × cooking < 0.05), which were greater in raw LC and ST and were changed more in ST and LC steaks by cooking. The magnitude of those changes suggested that cystine, a dimer of cysteine, glucose, and glucose 6-phosphate might play more important roles in beef flavor development than previously thought.
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Hinneh M, Semanhyia E, Van de Walle D, De Winne A, Tzompa-Sosa DA, Scalone GLL, De Meulenaer B, Messens K, Van Durme J, Afoakwa EO, De Cooman L, Dewettinck K. Assessing the influence of pod storage on sugar and free amino acid profiles and the implications on some Maillard reaction related flavor volatiles in Forastero cocoa beans. Food Res Int 2018; 111:607-620. [PMID: 30007725 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The practice of pod storage (PS) has been applied in many cocoa producing countries, especially by Ghanaian farmers over the years. However, the study of PS has not received much attention, hence, until now, its potential impact on specific flavor precursor development and implications on the flavor of cocoa beans still remains uncovered. The study was therefore aimed at exploring this possibility through physico-chemical and flavor precursor analyses, carried out on equally fermented and dried pod stored (0, 3 and 7 days) Ghanaian cocoa beans. Flavor analysis was also conducted on equally roasted pod stored cocoa beans. Through visual assessment of the pods, pulp and beans, the compelling impact of PS on fermentation index (FI) and nib acidity could be demonstrated by the various biochemical and physical changes such as respiration, moisture reduction, and cellular degradation, occurring during the process. Whereas the entire reaction of sugar degradation may be deemed complex, a clear relationship between the FI, nib acidity and the glucose content was observed. Also, PS was found to increase with marginal increase in total reducing sugars (glucose and fructose). Although the concentration of free amino acids was directly proportional to the duration of PS, within the framework of this study, a significant difference (p < .05) was only observed in the case of extended duration (7 days). Overall, 7 PS seemed to have enhanced the formation of more volatiles. This was followed by 0 PS and finally 3 PS. Suggestively, these findings could provide some indications in explaining the typical flavor profiles of the Ghanaian cocoa beans, considering the fact that 87.8% of Ghanaian farmers adhere to this practice. Meanwhile, for the chocolate industry, the surging demand for cocoa/chocolate products exhibiting unique flavors, could be partly addressed by adopting PS as a tool for varietizing the flavor capacity of "bulk" cocoa through the expression or suppression of specific flavor precursors in the raw material on the farm level, which comes with almost no additional cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hinneh
- Department of Food Technology, Food Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Nutrition & Food Science, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 134, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Research Group Molecular Odor Chemistry, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Research Cluster Food and Biotechnology, KU Leuven Technology Campus, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Evangeline Semanhyia
- Department of Food Technology, Food Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Davy Van de Walle
- Department of Food Technology, Food Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann De Winne
- Research Group Molecular Odor Chemistry, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Research Cluster Food and Biotechnology, KU Leuven Technology Campus, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daylan Amelia Tzompa-Sosa
- Department of Food Technology, Food Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gustavo Luis Leonardo Scalone
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, nutriFOODchem Group, Member of Food2Know, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno De Meulenaer
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, nutriFOODchem Group, Member of Food2Know, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathy Messens
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg, 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jim Van Durme
- Research Group Molecular Odor Chemistry, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Research Cluster Food and Biotechnology, KU Leuven Technology Campus, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 134, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Luc De Cooman
- Research Group Molecular Odor Chemistry, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Research Cluster Food and Biotechnology, KU Leuven Technology Campus, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Dewettinck
- Department of Food Technology, Food Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Rehman HU, Alharby HF, Alzahrani Y, Rady MM. Magnesium and organic biostimulant integrative application induces physiological and biochemical changes in sunflower plants and its harvested progeny on sandy soil. Plant Physiol Biochem 2018. [PMID: 29518657 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) often leaches down in sandy soils due to high mobility and its foliar application proves to be beneficial. Organic biostimulants also prove to be helpful to affect plant physio-biochemistry and antioxidative defense system. The present study evaluated the beneficial effects of seed soaking in maize grain extract (MGE; 3%) in integration with or without foliar Mg (1 mM) in comparison to control (no treatment) on growth, yield performance, seed oil and fatty acid profile including physiological and biochemical basis of Hysun-336 sunflower hybrid grown on a sandy soil under greenhouse conditions. The integrative treatment (seed soaking in MGE + foliar spray with Mg) elevated growth traits, plant water status and membrane stability index, and reduced electrolyte leakage. Improved leaf contents of chlorophylls, carotenoids, total soluble sugars and proline, activities of non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants were also observed. In addition, enhanced uptake of N, P, K including Mg and endogenous levels of plant hormones IAA, GA3 and zeatin were recorded with the integrative treatment. Seed yield and oil contents including oleic (mono-unsaturated) and linoleic (poly-unsaturated) fatty acids also increased; however, a decrease in other saturated, mono-unsaturated and poly-unsaturated fatty acids was noticed. Improved seed and seedling vigor traits were also observed in progeny of sunflower that harvested from the integrative treatment. In summary, improved plant performance by the integrative treatment may be attributed to improved activities of antioxidants contributing to improved plant water content, nutrient uptake and endogenous hormonal levels in sunflower plants grown under sandy soil conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafeez Ur Rehman
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Hesham F Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya Alzahrani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa M Rady
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, 63514 Fayoum, Egypt
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Chatterjee S, Mohan SV. Microbial lipid production by Cryptococcus curvatus from vegetable waste hydrolysate. Bioresour Technol 2018; 254:284-289. [PMID: 29413935 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study primarily evaluated the effect of pre-treatment on release of reducing sugars (RS) from vegetable waste (VW). Different acids and alkalis viz., H2SO4, HCl, HNO3, H3PO4, NaOH and KOH were evaluated at varied concentration (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0%) for pretreatment. The highest RS yield of 472.36 ± 1.89 g/l and 439.13 ± 1.04 g/l was obtained with 1.5% H2SO4 and 2% HCl respectively. Secondly, pre-treated vegetable waste hydrolysates (PT-VWH) were evaluated for yeast fermentation using Cryptococcus curvatus MTCC 2698 for lipid production. Maximum biomass (9.46 ± 0.1 g/l and 8.12 ± 0.1 g/l) and lipid (28.3 ± 0.5% and 26 ± 0.5%) was obtained with 1.5% H2SO4 PT-VWH and 2% HCl PT-VWH respectively. The FAME profiling revealed the predominance of palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acid. The presence of these fatty acids in majority has beneficial effect on the biodiesel quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulogna Chatterjee
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, EEFF Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (ACSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, EEFF Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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Guo H, Wu Y, Hong C, Chen H, Chen X, Zheng B, Jiang D, Qin W. Enhancing digestibility of Miscanthus using lignocellulolytic enzyme produced by Bacillus. Bioresour Technol 2017; 245:1008-1015. [PMID: 28946202 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study an effective bacterial pretreatment method was developed to improve digestibility of Miscanthus. Seven new bacterial isolates, which showed excellent xylanase production ability using Miscanthus as carbon source, were used to perform the pretreatment experiments. After pretreatment, the hemicellulose content and crystallinity index of Miscanthus were decreased, while the reducing sugars released from Miscanthus were significantly increased by 30.8-87.8% after enzymatic hydrolysis. Bacillus sp. G0 was selected to optimize the pretreatment parameters via response surface methodology due to its high reducing sugars released from Miscanthus. According to the optimal model, the pretreatment parameters were set as citrate buffer/G0 fermentation broth ratio at 0.34, pretreatment time at 100h and Tween-20 concentration at 1.73%. The reducing sugars released from Miscanthus pretreated by optimal parameters were 305mgg-1 dry biomass. The results suggested our bacterial pretreatment approaches have great potential to increase digestibility of bioenergy crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Guo
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanwen Wu
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Chuntao Hong
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Ningbo City, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Houming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuantong Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Dean Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wensheng Qin
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada.
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Díaz AI, Laca A, Laca A, Díaz M. Treatment of supermarket vegetable wastes to be used as alternative substrates in bioprocesses. Waste Manag 2017; 67:59-66. [PMID: 28529041 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables have the highest wastage rates at retail and consumer levels. These wastes have promising potential for being used as substrates in bioprocesses. However, an effective hydrolysis of carbohydrates that form these residues has to be developed before the biotransformation. In this work, vegetable wastes from supermarket (tomatoes, green peppers and potatoes) have been separately treated by acid, thermal and enzymatic hydrolysis processes in order to maximise the concentration of fermentable sugars in the final broth. For all substrates, thermal and enzymatic processes have shown to be the most effective. A new combined hydrolysis procedure including these both treatments was also assayed and the enzymatic step was successfully modelled. With this combined hydrolysis, the percentage of reducing sugars extracted was increased, in comparison with the amount extracted from non-hydrolysed samples, approximately by 30% in the case of tomato and green peeper wastes. For potato wastes this percentage increased from values lower than 1% to 77%. In addition, very low values of fermentation inhibitors were found in the final broth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Díaz
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería s/n, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Amanda Laca
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería s/n, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Adriana Laca
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería s/n, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mario Díaz
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería s/n, 33071 Oviedo, Spain.
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Nisha M, Saranyah K, Shankar M, Saleena LM. Enhanced saccharification of lignocellulosic agricultural biomass and increased bioethanol titre using acclimated Clostridium thermocellum DSM1313. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:35. [PMID: 28409424 PMCID: PMC5391369 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0606-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Consolidated bioprocess assures an efficient lignocellulosic conversion to fermentable sugars and subsequently to bioethanol. Such a single-step hydrolysis and anaerobic fermentation was achieved with acclimated Clostridium thermocellum DSM 1313 on different mildly pre-treated agricultural lignocellulosic residues without any additional enzymes/and strains. Acclimation was achieved by serially sub-culturing in increasing concentration of individual substrates, such as rice husk, sugarcane bagasse, and banana pseudostem in the standard media, with cellobiose as an adjunct. The acclimated cellulolytic thermophile exhibited an early log phase entry with enhanced growth compared to the direct inoculation experiments with unacclimated culture. Around 672 mg/g of reducing sugar was produced from sugarcane bagasse media and 636 mg/g from rice husk media and 513 mg/g from banana pseudostem media with the acclimated organism. Bioethanol production also doubled in experiments with serially acclimated cultures, with a maximum of 1.21 and 1.0 g/L ethanol titre from sugarcane bagasse and rice husk, respectively. The serial acclimation experiments have increased the saccharification potentials of the organism towards the respective lignocellulosic substrates and also enhanced the bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Nisha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | - K. Saranyah
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | - Mukund Shankar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | - L. M. Saleena
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
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Herman DJ, Knowles LO, Knowles NR. Heat stress affects carbohydrate metabolism during cold-induced sweetening of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Planta 2017; 245:563-582. [PMID: 27904974 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Tolerance to heat stress for retention of low-temperature sweetening-resistant phenotype in potato is conferred by insensitivity of acid invertase activity to cold induction. Heat stress exacerbated cold sweetening (buildup of reducing sugars) of the LTS (low-temperature sweetening)-susceptible potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars, Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank, and completely abolished the resistance to cold sweetening in the LTS-resistant cultivars/clones, Sage Russet, GemStar Russet, POR06V12-3 and A02138-2. Payette Russet and EGA09702-2, however, demonstrated considerable tolerance to heat stress for retention of their LTS-resistant phenotype. Heat-primed Payette Russet and EGA09702-2 tubers accumulated fourfold more sucrose when subsequently stored at 4 °C, while reducing sugar concentrations also increased marginally but remained low relative to the non-heat-tolerant LTS-resistant clones, resulting in light-colored fries. By contrast, sucrose concentrations in heat-primed tubers of the non-heat-tolerant clones remained unchanged during LTS, but reducing sugars increased fivefold, resulting in darkening of processed fries. Acid invertase activity increased in the LTS-susceptible and non-heat-tolerant LTS-resistant cultivars/clones during cold storage. However, Payette Russet tubers maintained very low invertase activity regardless of heat stress and cold storage treatments, as was the case for Innate® Russet Burbank (W8) tubers, where silenced invertase conferred robust tolerance to heat stress for retention of LTS-resistant phenotype. Importantly, heat-stressed tubers of Payette Russet, EGA09702-2 and Innate® Russet Burbank (W8) demonstrated similar low reducing sugar and high sucrose-accumulating phenotypes when stored at 4 °C. Tolerance to heat stress for retention of LTS-resistant phenotype in Payette Russet and likely its maternal parent, EGA09702-2, is, therefore, conferred by the ability to maintain low invertase activity during cold storage of heat-stressed tubers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Herman
- Postharvest Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, P.O. Box 646414, Pullman, WA, 99164-6414, USA
| | - Lisa O Knowles
- Postharvest Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, P.O. Box 646414, Pullman, WA, 99164-6414, USA
| | - N Richard Knowles
- Postharvest Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, P.O. Box 646414, Pullman, WA, 99164-6414, USA.
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