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van der Geest R, Fan H, Peñaloza HF, Bain WG, Xiong Z, Kohli N, Larson E, Sullivan MLG, Franks JM, Stolz DB, Ito R, Chen K, Doi Y, Harriff MJ, Lee JS. Phagocytosis is a primary determinant of pulmonary clearance of clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1150658. [PMID: 37056705 PMCID: PMC10086180 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1150658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) is a common cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia. Although previous studies have suggested that evasion of phagocytic uptake is a virulence determinant of Kp, few studies have examined phagocytosis sensitivity in clinical Kp isolates. Methods We screened 19 clinical respiratory Kp isolates that were previously assessed for mucoviscosity for their sensitivity to macrophage phagocytic uptake, and evaluated phagocytosis as a functional correlate of in vivo Kp pathogenicity. Results The respiratory Kp isolates displayed heterogeneity in the susceptibility to macrophage phagocytic uptake, with 14 out of 19 Kp isolates displaying relative phagocytosis-sensitivity compared to the reference Kp strain ATCC 43816, and 5 out of 19 Kp isolates displaying relative phagocytosis-resistance. Intratracheal infection with the non-mucoviscous phagocytosis-sensitive isolate S17 resulted in a significantly lower bacterial burden compared to infection with the mucoviscous phagocytosis-resistant isolate W42. In addition, infection with S17 was associated with a reduced inflammatory response, including reduced bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell count, and reduced BAL TNF, IL-1β, and IL-12p40 levels. Importantly, host control of infection with the phagocytosis-sensitive S17 isolate was impaired in alveolar macrophage (AM)-depleted mice, whereas AM-depletion had no significant impact on host defense against infection with the phagocytosis-resistant W42 isolate. Conclusion Altogether, these findings show that phagocytosis is a primary determinant of pulmonary clearance of clinical Kp isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick van der Geest
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hongye Fan
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hernán F. Peñaloza
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - William G. Bain
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Zeyu Xiong
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Naina Kohli
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Emily Larson
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Mara L. G. Sullivan
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jonathan M. Franks
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Donna B. Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ryota Ito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kong Chen
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yohei Doi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Departments of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Melanie J. Harriff
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health State University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Janet S. Lee
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Sabatel C, Bureau F. The innate immune brakes of the lung. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1111298. [PMID: 36776895 PMCID: PMC9915150 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1111298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory mucosal surfaces are continuously exposed to not only innocuous non-self antigens but also pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) originating from environmental or symbiotic microbes. According to either "self/non-self" or "danger" models, this should systematically result in homeostasis breakdown and the development of immune responses directed to inhaled harmless antigens, such as T helper type (Th)2-mediated asthmatic reactions, which is fortunately not the case in most people. This discrepancy implies the existence, in the lung, of regulatory mechanisms that tightly control immune homeostasis. Although such mechanisms have been poorly investigated in comparison to the ones that trigger immune responses, a better understanding of them could be useful in the development of new therapeutic strategies against lung diseases (e.g., asthma). Here, we review current knowledge on innate immune cells that prevent the development of aberrant immune responses in the lung, thereby contributing to mucosal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Sabatel
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium,*Correspondence: Catherine Sabatel,
| | - Fabrice Bureau
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Jung S, Park J, Park J, Jo H, Seo CS, Jeon WY, Lee MY, Kwon BI. Sojadodamgangki-tang attenuates allergic lung inflammation by inhibiting T helper 2 cells and Augmenting alveolar macrophages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 263:113152. [PMID: 32755652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sojadodamgangki-tang (SDG) is a traditional East-Asian herbal medicine mainly composed of Pinellia ternate (Thunb.) Makino, Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt and 10 kinds of medicinal herbs. It has been used to treat asthma and mucus secretion including lung and bronchi. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Sojadodamgangki-tang (SDG) on allergic lung inflammation in vitro and in vivo as well as the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine allergic airway inflammation model. Five groups of 8-week-old female BALB/C mice were divided into the following groups: saline control group, the vehicle (allergic) group that received OVA only, groups that received OVA and SDG (200 mg/kg or 400 mg/kg), and a positive control group that received OVA and Dexamethasone (5 mg/kg). In vitro experiments include T helper 2 (TH2) polarization system, murine macrophage cell culture, and human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) culture. RESULTS SDG administration reduced allergic airway inflammatory cell infiltration, especially of eosinophils, mucus production, Th2 cell activation, OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), and total IgE production. Moreover, the activation of alveolar macrophages, which leads to immune tolerance in the steady state, was promoted by SDG treatment. Interestingly, SDG treatment also reduced the production of alarmin cytokines by the human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B stimulated with urban particulate matter. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that SDG has potential as a therapeutic drug to inhibit Th2 cell activation and promote alveolar macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyoung Jung
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 26339, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junkyu Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 26339, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jiwon Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 26339, Republic of Korea; Kyunghee University Medical Center, Kyunghee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hanna Jo
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 26339, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Seob Seo
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo-Young Jeon
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mee-Young Lee
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bo-In Kwon
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 26339, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 26339, Republic of Korea.
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Kimber I, Agius R, Basketter DA, Corsini E, Cullinan P, Dearman RJ, Gimenez-Arnau E, Greenwell L, Hartung T, Kuper F, Maestrelli P, Roggen E, Rovida C. Chemical Respiratory Allergy: Opportunities for Hazard Identification and Characterisation. Altern Lab Anim 2019; 35:243-65. [PMID: 17559314 DOI: 10.1177/026119290703500212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Kimber
- Syngenta Central Toxicology Laboratory, Macclesfield, UK.
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Russjan E, Kaczyńska K. Murine models of hapten-induced asthma. Toxicology 2018; 410:41-48. [PMID: 30798944 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the respiratory tract that is characterized by reversible airflow obstruction and airway hyperresponsiveness. The non-atopic variant of asthma that appears later in life has no allergic background and is more severe and resistant to standard treatment. Hapten-induced asthma models can be utilized to investigate mechanisms behind the development of non-atopic and occupational asthma, in which non-allergic processes seems to play significant role. The development of adequate animal models of non-allergic asthma is a necessary prerequisite both for understanding the pathophysiology of non-allergic asthma and for the possibility of testing new therapies. Still, there is no ideal model that represents all the hallmarks of this complex disease. In this review, we examine the most popular hapten-induced murine models of occupational and non-atopic asthma. For this reason, we describe the most popular sensitizing haptens, sensitization and challenge protocols, symptoms produced by asthma, and advantages and disadvantages of the models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Russjan
- Department of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kaczyńska
- Department of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw Poland.
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Effect of Liuweibuqi capsules on the balance between MMP-9 and TIMP1 and viability of alveolar macrophages in COPD. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170880. [PMID: 28831024 PMCID: PMC5603752 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the effect of Liuweibuqi (LWBQ) capsules on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and TIMP1 and cell viability of alveolar macrophages (AMs) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Rats were randomly divided into normal control (NC) group, model control (MC) group, Jinshuibao (JSB) group, spleen aminopeptidase (PAT) group, and low dose of LWBQ (LWBQ low), mid dose of LWBQ (LWBQ mid), and high dose of LWBQ (LWBQ high) group (n=10). Lung function was measured with a spirometer. Serum cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected using ELISA. The expressions of MMP-9 and TIMP1 were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to measure cell viability and apoptosis. Compared with the NC group, body weight and lung function were reduced in the MC group. In addition, the serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were higher in the MC group than those in the NC group. The expression of MMP-9 protein in the AMs from rats was higher, and TIMP1 protein was lower in the MC group compared with the NC group. After LWBQ capsules treatment, compared with the MC group, the expression of inflammatory cytokines and MMP-9 were lower and TIMP1 was higher. Moreover, after LWBQ-medicated serum treatment, the release of inflammatory cytokines was reduced from AMs. Besides, LWBQ-medicated serum decreased the expression of MMP-9 and increased the expression of TIMP1 and cell viability compared with those in MC group. In conclusion, LWBQ capsules can inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines, promote cell viability in AMs, and regulate the expression of MMP-9 and TIMP1.
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Staal YCM, van Triel JJ, Maarschalkerweerd TVP, Arts JHE, Duistermaat E, Muijser H, van de Sandt JJM, Kuper CF. Inhaled multiwalled carbon nanotubes modulate the immune response of trimellitic anhydride-induced chemical respiratory allergy in brown Norway rats. Toxicol Pathol 2014; 42:1130-42. [PMID: 24705883 DOI: 10.1177/0192623313519874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between exposure to nanomaterials and existing inflammatory conditions has not been fully established. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT; Nanocyl NC 7000 CAS no. 7782-42-5; count median diameter in atmosphere 61 ± 5 nm) were tested by inhalation in high Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-responding Brown Norway (BN) rats with trimellitic anhydride (TMA)-induced respiratory allergy. The rats were exposed 2 days/week over a 3.5-week period to a low (11 mg/m(3)) or a high (22 mg/m(3)) concentration of MWCNT. Nonallergic animals exposed to MWCNT and unexposed allergic and nonallergic rats served as controls. At the end of the exposure period, the allergic animals were rechallenged with TMA. Histopathological examination of the respiratory tract showed agglomerated/aggregated MWCNT in the lungs and in the lung-draining lymph nodes. Frustrated phagocytosis was observed as incomplete uptake of MWCNT by the alveolar macrophages and clustering of cells around MWCNT. Large MWCNT agglomerates/aggregates were found in granulomas in the allergic rats, suggesting decreased macrophage clearance in allergic rats. In allergic rats, MWCNT exposure decreased serum IgE levels and the number of lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage. In conclusion, MWCNT did not aggravate the acute allergic reaction but modulated the allergy-associated immune response.
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Abstract
Asthma is a complex disease of the lungs, which is characterized by airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Alveolar macrophages (AMs), one of the prominent immune system cells found in the airways, have been implicated in the development and progression of asthma. AMs constitute a unique subset of pulmonary macrophages, which serve as a first line of defense against foreign invaders to the lung tissue. In addition, based on human and animal studies, they have also been found to regulate pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in the airways, suggesting that these cells have a critical role in asthma. In this review, our focus is to evaluate the relevance of AMs in the context of asthma, and the underlying mechanisms that regulate their functions.
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9
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Serum amyloid P attenuates M2 macrophage activation and protects against fungal spore-induced allergic airway disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 126:712-721.e7. [PMID: 20673988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspergillus fumigatus conidia aggravate asthmatic responses. Lung macrophages normally kill fungal conidia, but the presence of type 2 cytokines during asthma contributes to the alternative (or M2) activation of these cells, which secrete proallergic factors and exhibit impaired innate immunity. OBJECTIVE Considering that pentraxins modulate macrophage function, we examined the effect of C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid P (SAP) in an experimental model of A fumigatus-induced allergic airway disease. METHODS The effects of SAP and CRP on M2 macrophage differentiation were examined in vitro, and the in vivo effects of these pentraxins were analyzed in the asthma model. RESULTS SAP inhibited the generation of M2 markers, such as arginase and the chitinase Ym-1, through an FcγR-dependent mechanism in cultured macrophages. This effect correlated with a decrease in signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) phosphorylation in SAP-treated M2 macrophages. In vivo treatment with SAP significantly decreased methacholine-induced bronchial resistance, mucus cell metaplasia, the number of "found in inflammatory zone 1" (FIZZ1)-positive cells in the lungs, and collagen deposition compared with the control group. CRP had a modest effect on M2 differentiation, and in vivo treatment with CRP had a minor effect or exacerbated A fumigatus-induced lung disease. Finally, the adoptive transfer of SAP-pretreated M2 macrophages into allergic mice significantly attenuated disease when compared with nontransferred or M2-transferred control groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that SAP is a potent inhibitor of M2 macrophage differentiation and represents a novel therapy in A fumigatus-induced allergic disease.
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kuper CF, Heijne WHM, Dansen M, Verhoeckx KCM, Boorsma A, Radonjic M, Bruijntjes J, Stierum R, Muijser H, Arts JHE. Molecular Characterization of Trimellitic Anhydride–induced Respiratory Allergy in Brown Norway Rats. Toxicol Pathol 2008; 36:985-98. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623308327410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To contribute to the hazard identification of low molecular weight (LMW) respiratory allergens, respiratory allergy induced by trimellitic anhydride (TMA) was characterized by whole genome analysis of lung tissue and blood proteomics in Brown Norway rats. Dermal sensitization (50% and 25% w/v) with TMA and an inhalation challenge of 15 mg/m3 TMA-induced apneas, laryngeal inflammation, increased numbers of eosinophils, neutrophils and macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and increased immunoglobulin E levels in serum and lung tissue. Whole genome analysis of lung, sampled 24 hours after challenge, showed expression changes of not only genes belonging to several Gene Ontology groups with up-regulation of inflammatory-associated genes and those associated with lung remodeling but also genes involved in downsizing these processes. Blood proteomics reflected activation of inflammation-inhibiting pathways. Unsensitized animals challenged with TMA exhibited also an increased number of macrophages in BAL, but gene expression in the above-mentioned gene pathways was unchanged or down-regulated. The authors conclude that parameters for lung remodeling can be a valuable tool in hazard identification of LMW respiratory allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wilbert H. M. Heijne
- TNO Quality of Life, Zeist, the Netherlands
- DSM Food Specialties, R&D Genetics, Delft, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Josje H. E. Arts
- TNO Quality of Life, Zeist, the Netherlands
- Akzo Nobel, Technology & Engineering, Arnhem, the Netherlands
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Martin EL, Sheikh TA, Leco KJ, Lewis JF, Veldhuizen RAW. Contribution of alveolar macrophages to the response of the TIMP-3 null lung during a septic insult. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2007; 293:L779-89. [PMID: 17586692 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00442.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice deficient in tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) develop an emphysema-like phenotype involving increased pulmonary compliance, tissue degradation, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. After a septic insult, they develop a further increase in compliance that is thought to be a result of heightened metalloproteinase activity produced by the alveolar macrophage, potentially modeling an emphysemic exacerbation. Therefore, we hypothesized that TIMP-3 null mice lacking alveolar macrophages would not be susceptible to the altered lung function associated with a septic insult. TIMP-3 null and wild-type (WT) mice were depleted of alveolar macrophages before the induction of a septic insult and assessed for alteration in lung mechanics, alveolar structure, metalloproteinase levels, and inflammation. The results showed that TIMP-3 null mice lacking alveolar macrophages were protected from sepsis-induced alterations in lung mechanics, particularly pulmonary compliance, a finding that was supported by changes in alveolar structure. Additionally, changes in lung mechanics involved primarily peripheral tissue vs. central airways as determined using the flexiVent system. From investigation into possible molecules that could cause these alterations, it was found that although several proteases and inflammatory mediators were increased during the septic response, only MMP-7 was attenuated after macrophage depletion. In conclusion, the alveolar macrophage is essential for the TIMP-3 null sepsis-induced compliance alterations. This response may be mediated in part by MMP-7 activity but occurs independently of inflammatory cytokine and/or chemokine concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Martin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Valstar DL, Schijf MA, Stelekati E, Nijkamp FP, Bloksma N, Henricks PAJ. Trimellitic anhydride-conjugated serum albumin activates rat alveolar macrophages in vitro. J Occup Med Toxicol 2006; 1:13. [PMID: 16796737 PMCID: PMC1562430 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6673-1-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2006] [Accepted: 06/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational exposure to airborne low molecular weight chemicals, like trimellitic anhydride (TMA), can result in occupational asthma. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are among the first cells to encounter these inhaled compounds and were previously shown to influence TMA-induced asthma-like symptoms in the Brown Norway rat. TMA is a hapten that will bind to endogenous proteins upon entrance of the body. Therefore, in the present study we determined if TMA and TMA conjugated to serum albumin induced the production of the macrophage mediators nitric oxide (NO), tumour necrosis factor (TNF), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in vitro using the rat AM cell line NR8383 and primary AMs derived from TMA-sensitized and naïve Brown Norway rats. METHODS Cells were incubated with different concentrations of TMA, TMA conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA), and BSA as a control for 24 h and the culture supernatant was analyzed for mediator content. RESULTS TMA alone was not able to induce the production of mediators by NR8383 cells and primary AMs from sensitized and sham-treated rats. TMA-BSA, on the contrary, dose-dependently stimulated the production of NO, TNF, and IL-6 by NR8383 cells and of NO and TNF, but not IL-6, by primary AMs independent of sensitization. CONCLUSION Results suggest that although TMA is a highly reactive compound, conjugation to a suitable protein is necessary to induce mediator production by AMs. Furthermore, the observation that effects of TMA-BSA were independent of sensitization suggests involvement of an immunologically non-specific receptor. In the discussion it is argued that a macrophage scavenger receptor is a likely candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingena L Valstar
- Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel A Schijf
- Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Erietta Stelekati
- Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frans P Nijkamp
- Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nanne Bloksma
- Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Deparment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul AJ Henricks
- Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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