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Pellenz L, Borba FH, Daroit DJ, Lassen MFM, Baroni S, Zorzo CF, Guimarães RE, Espinoza-Quiñones FR, Seibert D. Landfill leachate treatment by a boron-doped diamond-based photo-electro-Fenton system integrated with biological oxidation: A toxicity, genotoxicity and by products assessment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 264:110473. [PMID: 32250900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A photo-electro-Fenton (PEF) reactor employing boron-doped diamond (BDD) and soft iron anodes was studied in landfill leachate (LL) treatment. The reactor operation parameters (ROP) H2O2 concentration, current intensity and flow rate were investigated in the removal of Abs 254 nm. The PEF process with BDD anode, operating at the best operational conditions, was used as a pre-treatment and enabled biological oxidation (BO). The treatment strategy of PEF followed by BO showed to be the most efficient, reaching reductions of 77.9% chemical oxygen demand (COD), 71.5% total carbon (TC) and 76.3% radiation absorbance in 254 nm (Abs 254 nm), as well as a significant reduction in the genotoxicity (Allium cepa), observed by an increase in the mitotic index (MI) (131.5%) and decrease in the abnormalities (47.8%). The reduction of the toxic potential of LL using the integration of processes was also observed in the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) byproducts analysis, which indicated the removal of emerging contaminants, such as Bisphenol-A (BPA), N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) and Diisooctyl phthalate (DIOP). Thus, the PEF process integrated with BO presented a considerable efficiency in the removal of contaminants present in LL, becoming an alternative for the minimization of the environmental impacts caused by the discharge of this effluent in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Pellenz
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, 1580, 97900-000, Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Henrique Borba
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, 1580, 97900-000, Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Joner Daroit
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, 1580, 97900-000, Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Manoel Francisco Mendes Lassen
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, 1580, 97900-000, Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Suzymeire Baroni
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, 1580, 97900-000, Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila Fernanda Zorzo
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, 1580, 97900-000, Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Raíssa Engroff Guimarães
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, 1580, 97900-000, Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rodolfo Espinoza-Quiñones
- Postgraduate Program of Chemical Engineering, West Paraná State University, Rua da Faculdade 645, Jd. Santa Maria, 85903-000, Toledo, PR, Brazil
| | - Daiana Seibert
- Postgraduate Program of Chemical Engineering, State University of Maringa, UEM, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringa, Parana, CEP: 87020-900, Brazil
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Kanno S, Hirano S, Kato H, Fukuta M, Mukai T, Aoki Y. Benzalkonium chloride and cetylpyridinium chloride induce apoptosis in human lung epithelial cells and alter surface activity of pulmonary surfactant monolayers. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 317:108962. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.108962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Khalil C, Al Hageh C, Korfali S, Khnayzer RS. Municipal leachates health risks: Chemical and cytotoxicity assessment from regulated and unregulated municipal dumpsites in Lebanon. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 208:1-13. [PMID: 29857206 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The proper management of municipal waste is critical for resource recovery, sustainability and health. Lebanon main approach for managing its municipal waste consisted of landfill disposal with minimal recycling capacity. This approach contributed to exceeding the holding capacity of existing landfills leading eventually to their closures. The closure of a major landfill (Naameh landfill) servicing Beirut and Mount Lebanon areas led to municipal wastes piling in the streets and forests for more than a year in 2016. The main problem identified in the municipal wastes consisted of untreated leachates (from regulated and unregulated dumpsites) going straight into the Mediterranean Sea. Therefore leachate samples were collected and subjected to chemical characterization followed by biological assessment. The chemical characterization and profiling of the Lebanese leachates were compared to results reported in Lebanon, Europe and United States as well as to the toxicity reference values (TRV). The biological assessment was conducted in vitro using human derived immortalized cell cultures. This strategy revealed significant alarming cellular organelles and DNA damages using in vitro cytotoxicity assays (MTS and comet assay). The significant damages observed at the cellular level prompted further animal model investigations using BALB/c mice. The animal data pointed to significant upregulation of liver activity enzymes coupled with significant damage expression in liver spleen and bone marrow DNA. The presented research clearly indicated that there is an urgent need for development of national waste strategies for proper treatment and disposal of municipal waste leachates in Lebanon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Khalil
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut 1102-2801, Lebanon.
| | - Cynthia Al Hageh
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut 1102-2801, Lebanon
| | - Samira Korfali
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut 1102-2801, Lebanon
| | - Rony S Khnayzer
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut 1102-2801, Lebanon
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Melbourne J, Clancy A, Seiffert J, Skepper J, Tetley TD, Shaffer MSP, Porter A. An investigation of the carbon nanotube--Lipid interface and its impact upon pulmonary surfactant lipid function. Biomaterials 2015; 55:24-32. [PMID: 25934449 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are now synthesized on a large scale, increasing the risk of occupational inhalation. However, little is known of the MWCNT-pulmonary surfactant (PS) interface and its effect on PS functionality. The Langmuir-Blodgett trough was used to evaluate the impact of MWCNTs on fundamental properties of PS lipids which influence PS function, i.e. compression resistance and maximum obtainable pressure. Changes were found to be MWCNT length-dependent. 'Short' MWCNTs (1.1 μm, SD = 0.61) penetrated the lipid film, reducing the maximum interfacial film pressure by 10 mN/m (14%) in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and PS, at an interfacial MWCNT-PS lipid mass ratio range of 50:1 to 1:1. 'Long' commercial MWCNTs (2.1 μm, SD = 1.2) caused compression resistance at the same mass loadings. 'Very long' MWCNTs (35 μm, SD = 19) sequestered DPPC and were squeezed out of the DPPC film. High resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed that all MWCNT morphologies formed DPPC coronas with ordered arrangements. These results provide insight into how nanoparticle aspect ratio affects the interaction mechanisms with PS, in its near-native state at the air-water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Melbourne
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Adam Clancy
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Joanna Seiffert
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Jeremy Skepper
- Multi-Imaging Centre, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Teresa D Tetley
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Milo S P Shaffer
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alexandra Porter
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Composition, structure and mechanical properties define performance of pulmonary surfactant membranes and films. Chem Phys Lipids 2014; 185:153-75. [PMID: 25260665 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory surface in the mammalian lung is stabilized by pulmonary surfactant, a membrane-based system composed of multiple lipids and specific proteins, the primary function of which is to minimize the surface tension at the alveolar air-liquid interface, optimizing the mechanics of breathing and avoiding alveolar collapse, especially at the end of expiration. The goal of the present review is to summarize current knowledge regarding the structure, lipid-protein interactions and mechanical features of surfactant membranes and films and how these properties correlate with surfactant biological function inside the lungs. Surfactant mechanical properties can be severely compromised by different agents, which lead to surfactant inhibition and ultimately contributes to the development of pulmonary disorders and pathologies in newborns, children and adults. A detailed comprehension of the unique mechanical and rheological properties of surfactant layers is crucial for the diagnostics and treatment of lung diseases, either by analyzing the contribution of surfactant impairment to the pathophysiology or by improving the formulations in surfactant replacement therapies. Finally, a short review is also included on the most relevant experimental techniques currently employed to evaluate lung surfactant mechanics, rheology, and inhibition and reactivation processes.
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Interaction of Nanoparticles with Lipid Monolayers and Lung Surfactant Films. MEASURING BIOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF NANOMATERIALS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/11663_2014_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Hirose A, Hirano S. [Health effects of nanoparticles and nanomaterials (III). Toxicity and health effects of nanoparticles]. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2013; 63:739-45. [PMID: 18840949 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.63.739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
As described before in the first Frontier Report of this series, there are two types of nanoparticles to be considered in hygiene science; One is the environmental nanoparticle emitted from automobiles and the other is the manufactured nanoparticle. In general nanoparticles (less than 100 nm) are reported to be permeable through cell membrane and tissues and their large surface area is responsible for the greater toxicity compared to larger particles. However, there are contradictory reports on the health effects of nanoparticles. Recent reports suggest that carbon nanotubes, fiber-shaped biopersistent nanoparticles, resemble asbestos in the pathogenesis of granuloma and mesothelioma. As such we summarize health effects of environmental and manufactured nanoparticles in the literature so far including our studies, in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Hirose
- Division of Risk Assessment, BSRC, National Institute of Health Sciences, Japan
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Beck-Broichsitter M, Ruppert C, Schmehl T, Guenther A, Betz T, Bakowsky U, Seeger W, Kissel T, Gessler T. Biophysical investigation of pulmonary surfactant surface properties upon contact with polymeric nanoparticles in vitro. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 7:341-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/17/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Schleh C, Mühlfeld C, Pulskamp K, Schmiedl A, Nassimi M, Lauenstein HD, Braun A, Krug N, Erpenbeck VJ, Hohlfeld JM. The effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on pulmonary surfactant function and ultrastructure. Respir Res 2009; 10:90. [PMID: 19793393 PMCID: PMC2765946 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-10-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary surfactant reduces surface tension and is present at the air-liquid interface in the alveoli where inhaled nanoparticles preferentially deposit. We investigated the effect of titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) nanosized particles (NSP) and microsized particles (MSP) on biophysical surfactant function after direct particle contact and after surface area cycling in vitro. In addition, TiO(2) effects on surfactant ultrastructure were visualized. METHODS A natural porcine surfactant preparation was incubated with increasing concentrations (50-500 microg/ml) of TiO(2) NSP or MSP, respectively. Biophysical surfactant function was measured in a pulsating bubble surfactometer before and after surface area cycling. Furthermore, surfactant ultrastructure was evaluated with a transmission electron microscope. RESULTS TiO(2) NSP, but not MSP, induced a surfactant dysfunction. For TiO(2) NSP, adsorption surface tension (gammaads) increased in a dose-dependent manner from 28.2 + or - 2.3 mN/m to 33.2 + or - 2.3 mN/m (p < 0.01), and surface tension at minimum bubble size (gammamin) slightly increased from 4.8 + or - 0.5 mN/m up to 8.4 + or - 1.3 mN/m (p < 0.01) at high TiO(2) NSP concentrations. Presence of NSP during surface area cycling caused large and significant increases in both gammaads (63.6 + or - 0.4 mN/m) and gammamin (21.1 + or - 0.4 mN/m). Interestingly, TiO(2) NSP induced aberrations in the surfactant ultrastructure. Lamellar body like structures were deformed and decreased in size. In addition, unilamellar vesicles were formed. Particle aggregates were found between single lamellae. CONCLUSION TiO(2) nanosized particles can alter the structure and function of pulmonary surfactant. Particle size and surface area respectively play a critical role for the biophysical surfactant response in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Schleh
- Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Division of Immunology, Allergology and Airway Research, Nikolai-Fuchs-Str, 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Schleh C, Hohlfeld JM. Interaction of nanoparticles with the pulmonary surfactant system. Inhal Toxicol 2009; 21 Suppl 1:97-103. [DOI: 10.1080/08958370903005744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bolt HM, Marchan R, Hengstler JG. Low-dose extrapolation in toxicology: an old controversy revisited. Arch Toxicol 2009; 83:197-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-009-0413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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