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Rashidian A, Dušek J, Drastik M, Smutná L, Fritsche K, Braeuning A, Pijnenburg D, van Beuningen R, Honkakoski P, Poso A, Kronenberger T, Pavek P. Filling the Blank Space: Branched 4-Nonylphenol Isomers Are Responsible for Robust Constitutive Androstane Receptor (CAR) Activation by Nonylphenol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:6913-6923. [PMID: 38593436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
4-Nonylphenol (4-NP), a para-substituted phenolic compound with a straight or branched carbon chain, is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant and food contaminant. 4-NP, particularly the branched form, has been identified as an endocrine disruptor (ED) with potent activities on estrogen receptors. Constitutive Androstane Receptor (CAR) is another crucial nuclear receptor that regulates hepatic lipid, glucose, and steroid metabolism and is involved in the ED mechanism of action. An NP mixture has been described as an extremely potent activator of both human and rodent CAR. However, detailed mechanistic aspects of CAR activation by 4-NP are enigmatic, and it is not known if 4-NP can directly interact with the CAR ligand binding domain (LBD). Here, we examined interactions of individual branched (22NP, 33NP, and 353NP) and linear 4-NPs with CAR variants using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, cellular experiments with various CAR expression constructs, recombinant CAR LBD in a TR-FRET assay, or a differentiated HepaRG hepatocyte cellular model. Our results demonstrate that branched 4-NPs display more stable poses to activate both wild-type CAR1 and CAR3 variant LBDs in MD simulations. Consistently, branched 4-NPs activated CAR3 and CAR1 LBD more efficiently than linear 4-NP. Furthermore, in HepaRG cells, we observed that all 4-NPs upregulated CYP2B6 mRNA, a relevant hallmark for CAR activation. This is the first study to provide detailed insights into the direct interaction between individual 4-NPs and human CAR-LBD, as well as its dominant variant CAR3. The work could contribute to the safer use of individual 4-NPs in many areas of industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Rashidian
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany
| | - Jan Dušek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Šimkova 870, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Drastik
- Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Smutná
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Kristin Fritsche
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, Berlin 10589, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, Berlin 10589, Germany
| | - Dirk Pijnenburg
- PamGene International B.V., Wolvenhoek 10, 's-Hertogenbosch 5211HH, Netherlands
| | - Rinie van Beuningen
- PamGene International B.V., Wolvenhoek 10, 's-Hertogenbosch 5211HH, Netherlands
| | - Paavo Honkakoski
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, Kuopio 72011, Finland
| | - Antti Poso
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery & Development (TüCAD2), Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Excellence Cluster "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections" (CMFI), Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Thales Kronenberger
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery & Development (TüCAD2), Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Excellence Cluster "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections" (CMFI), Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Petr Pavek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
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2
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Lv D, Lin Z, Liao X, Peng R, Liu H, Wu T, Wu K, Sun Y, Zhang Z. Sfrp2 promotes renal dysfunction of diabetic kidney disease via modulating Fzd5-induced cytosolic calcium ion concentration and CaMKII/Mek/Erk pathway in mesangial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166933. [PMID: 37951508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mesangial cells (MCs) in the kidney play central role in maintaining glomerular integrity, and their abnormal proliferation leads to major glomerular diseases including diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Although high blood glucose elicits MCs impairment, the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (Sfrp2) from single-nucleus RNA profiling on MC proliferation of DKD in vitro and in vivo and explored the specific mechanisms. RESULTS By snRNA-seq analysis of isolated renal cells from leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice and control db/m mice, we found that Sfrp2 was increased in the MCs of DKD in comparison to other intrinsic renal cells, which was further verified in vitro and in vivo. We also found that the expression of Sfrp2 was significantly upregulated in DKD patients and correlated with renal function, demonstrating that Sfrp2 might serve as an independent biomarker for DKD patients. Functionally, we showed the loss and acquisition of Sfrp2 affected cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, cell proliferation and fibrosis of MC, albuminuria and kidney injury in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we identify c-Jun as a transcription factor of Sfrp2 promoting its transcription, and the Ca2+ signaling related protein frizzled receptor 5 (Fzd5) as the binding protein of Sfrp2. And we further found Sfrp2 promoted Fzd5-induced cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and the downstream CaMKII/Mek/Erk pathway activation, leading to MC proliferation and fibrosis in DKD. CONCLUSION Our study revealed a novel involvement for Sfrp2 in the regulation of MC function and the effect of Sfrp2 on cell proliferation and fibrosis of MC via the Fzd5/Ca2+/CaMKII/Mek/Erk pathway, implying that Sfrp2 may be a possible biomarker and therapeutic target for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lv
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ziyue Lin
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaohui Liao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Rui Peng
- Department of Bioinformatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Handeng Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Experimental Teaching Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tianhui Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Keqian Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Liotti F, Marotta M, Sorriento D, Pagliuca C, Caturano V, Mantova G, Scaglione E, Salvatore P, Melillo RM, Prevete N. The probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) restrains the angiogenic potential of colorectal carcinoma cells by activating a pro-resolving program via formyl peptide receptor 1. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:2959-2980. [PMID: 35808840 PMCID: PMC9394235 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptors (FPR1, FPR2 and FPR3) are innate immune sensors of pathogen and commensal bacteria and have a role in colonic mucosa homeostasis. We identified FPR1 as a tumour suppressor in gastric cancer cells due to its ability to sustain an inflammation resolution response with antiangiogenic potential. Here, we investigate whether FPR1 exerts similar functions in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells. Since it has been shown that the commensal bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) can promote intestinal epithelial homeostasis through FPR1, we explored the possibility that it could induce proresolving and antiangiogenic effects in CRC cells. We demonstrated that pharmacologic inhibition or genetic deletion of FPR1 in CRC cells caused a reduction of proresolving mediators and a consequent upregulation of angiogenic factors. The activation of FPR1 mediates opposite effects. Proresolving, antiangiogenic and homeostatic functions were also observed upon treatment of CRC cells with supernatant of LGG culture, but not of other lactic acid or nonprobiotic bacteria (i.e. Bifidobacterium bifidum or Escherichia coli). These activities of LGG are dependent on FPR1 expression and on the subsequent MAPK signalling activation. Thus, the innate immune receptor FPR1 could be a regulator of the balance between microbiota, inflammation and cancer in CRC models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Liotti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Marotta
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Sorriento
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Pagliuca
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Caturano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mantova
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Scaglione
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Salvatore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., Naples, Italy.,Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Marina Melillo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Nella Prevete
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), CNR, Naples, Italy.,Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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4
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Mustonen EK, Pantsar T, Rashidian A, Reiner J, Schwab M, Laufer S, Burk O. Target Hopping from Protein Kinases to PXR: Identification of Small-Molecule Protein Kinase Inhibitors as Selective Modulators of Pregnane X Receptor from TüKIC Library. Cells 2022; 11:1299. [PMID: 35455978 PMCID: PMC9030254 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-molecule protein kinase inhibitors are used for the treatment of cancer, but off-target effects hinder their clinical use. Especially off-target activation of the pregnane X receptor (PXR) has to be considered, as it not only governs drug metabolism and elimination, but also can promote tumor growth and cancer drug resistance. Consequently, PXR antagonism has been proposed for improving cancer drug therapy. Here we aimed to identify small-molecule kinase inhibitors of the Tübingen Kinase Inhibitor Collection (TüKIC) compound library that would act also as PXR antagonists. By a combination of in silico screen and confirmatory cellular reporter gene assays, we identified four novel PXR antagonists and a structurally related agonist with a common phenylaminobenzosuberone scaffold. Further characterization using biochemical ligand binding and cellular protein interaction assays classified the novel compounds as mixed competitive/noncompetitive, passive antagonists, which bind PXR directly and disrupt its interaction with coregulatory proteins. Expression analysis of prototypical PXR target genes ABCB1 and CYP3A4 in LS174T colorectal cancer cells and HepaRG hepatocytes revealed novel antagonists as selective receptor modulators, which showed gene- and tissue-specific effects. These results demonstrate the possibility of dual PXR and protein kinase inhibitors, which might represent added value in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enni-Kaisa Mustonen
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany; (E.-K.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Tatu Pantsar
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (T.P.); (J.R.); (S.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Azam Rashidian
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
| | - Juliander Reiner
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (T.P.); (J.R.); (S.L.)
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany; (E.-K.M.); (M.S.)
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Pharmacy, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (T.P.); (J.R.); (S.L.)
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Tuebingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery & Development (TüCAD2), 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Burk
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany; (E.-K.M.); (M.S.)
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5
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Pavek P, Dusek J, Smutny T, Lochman L, Kucera R, Skoda J, Smutna L, Kamaraj R, Soucek P, Vrzal R, Dvorak Z. Gene expression profiling of 1α,25(OH)
2
D
3
treatment in 2D/3D human hepatocyte models reveals CYP3A4 induction but minor changes in other xenobiotic‐metabolizing genes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200070. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Pavek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dusek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Smutny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Lochman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Radim Kucera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Josef Skoda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Smutna
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Rajamanikkam Kamaraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Soucek
- Toxicogenomics Unit National Institute of Public Health Prague Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics Biomedical Center Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen Charles University Pilsen Czech Republic
| | - Radim Vrzal
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics Faculty of Science Palacky University Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Dvorak
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics Faculty of Science Palacky University Olomouc Czech Republic
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Rigalli JP, Theile D, Nilles J, Weiss J. Regulation of PXR Function by Coactivator and Corepressor Proteins: Ligand Binding Is Just the Beginning. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113137. [PMID: 34831358 PMCID: PMC8625645 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) is a nuclear receptor which exerts its regulatory function by heterodimerization with the retinoid-X-receptor α (RXRα, NR2B1) and binding to the promoter and enhancer regions of diverse target genes. PXR is involved in the regulation of drug metabolism and excretion, metabolic and immunological functions and cancer pathogenesis. PXR activity is strongly regulated by the association with coactivator and corepressor proteins. Coactivator proteins exhibit histone acetyltransferase or histone methyltransferase activity or associate with proteins having one of these activities, thus promoting chromatin decondensation and activation of the gene expression. On the contrary, corepressor proteins promote histone deacetylation and therefore favor chromatin condensation and repression of the gene expression. Several studies pointed to clear cell- and ligand-specific differences in the activation of PXR. In this article, we will review the critical role of coactivator and corepressor proteins as molecular determinants of the specificity of PXR-mediated effects. As already known for other nuclear receptors, understanding the complex mechanism of PXR activation in each cell type and under particular physiological and pathophysiological conditions may lead to the development of selective modulators with therapeutic potential.
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Xing Y, Yan J, Niu Y. PXR: a center of transcriptional regulation in cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:197-206. [PMID: 32082968 PMCID: PMC7016272 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) is a prototypical member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. PXR can be activated by both endobiotics and xenobiotics. As a key xenobiotic receptor, the cellular function of PXR is mostly exerted by its binding to the regulatory gene sequences in a ligand-dependent manner. Classical downstream target genes of PXR participate in xenobiotic responses, such as detoxification, metabolism and inflammation. Emerging evidence also implicates PXR signaling in the processes of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, proliferation, angiogenesis and oxidative stress, which are closely related to cancer. Here, we discussed, in addition to the characterization of PXR per se, the biological function and regulatory mechanism of PXR signaling in cancer, and its potential for the targeted prevention and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Xing
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Jiong Yan
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Yongdong Niu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Corresponding author.
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8
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Smutny T, Dusek J, Hyrsova L, Nekvindova J, Horvatova A, Micuda S, Gerbal-Chaloin S, Pavek P. The 3'-untranslated region contributes to the pregnane X receptor (PXR) expression down-regulation by PXR ligands and up-regulation by glucocorticoids. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:136-152. [PMID: 31998607 PMCID: PMC6976988 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is the major regulator of xenobiotic metabolism. PXR itself is controlled by various signaling molecules including glucocorticoids. Moreover, negative feed-back regulation has been proposed at the transcriptional level. We examined the involvement of the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of NR1I2 mRNA and microRNAs in PXR- and glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-mediated regulation of NR1I2 gene expression. PXR ligands were found to significantly downregulate NR1I2 mRNA expression in a set of 14 human hepatocyte cultures. Similarly, PXR was downregulated by PCN in the C57/BL6 mice liver. In mechanistic studies with the full-length 3'-UTR cloned into luciferase reporter or expression vectors, we showed that the 3'-UTR reduces PXR expression. From the miRNAs tested, miR-18a-5p inhibited both NR1I2 expression and CYP3A4 gene induction. Importantly, we observed significant upregulation of miR-18a-5p expression 6 h after treatment with the PXR ligand rifampicin, which indicates a putative mechanism underlying NR1I2 negative feed-back regulation in hepatic cells. Additionally, glucocorticoids upregulated NR1I2 expression not only through the promoter region but also via 3'-UTR regulation, which likely involves downregulation of miR-18a-5p. We conclude that miR-18a-5p is involved in the down-regulation of NR1I2 expression by its ligands and in the upregulation of NR1I2 mRNA expression by glucocorticoids in hepatic cells.
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Key Words
- 3′-UTR, 3′-untranslated region
- CAR, constitutive androstane receptor
- CYP3A4, cytochrome P450 3A4
- Cytochrome P450 3A4
- DEX, dexamethasone
- DMEs, drug metabolizing enzymes
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- ER, estrogen receptor
- GRα, glucocorticoid receptor α
- Gene expression
- Gluc, Gaussia luciferase
- Glucocorticoid
- LBD, ligand binding domain
- MRE, miRNA-response element
- MicroRNA
- NR, nuclear receptor
- PB, phenobarbital
- PCN, pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile
- PHHs, primary human hepatocytes
- PPARα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α
- PXR, pregnane X receptor
- Pregnane X receptor
- RXRα, retinoid X receptor α
- Regulation
- Rif, rifampicin
- SEAP, secreted alkaline phosphatase
- miRNA, microRNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Smutny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove CZ-500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dusek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove CZ-500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Hyrsova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove CZ-500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Nekvindova
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove CZ-500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Alzbeta Horvatova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove CZ-500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Micuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove CZ-500 03, Czech Republic
| | | | - Petr Pavek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove CZ-500 05, Czech Republic
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Li H, Lampe JN. Neonatal cytochrome P450 CYP3A7: A comprehensive review of its role in development, disease, and xenobiotic metabolism. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 673:108078. [PMID: 31445893 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The human cytochrome P450 CYP3A7, once thought to be an enzyme exclusive to fetal livers, has more recently been identified in neonates and developing infants as old as 24 months post-gestational age. CYP3A7 has been demonstrated to metabolize two endogenous compounds that are known to be important in the growth and development of the fetus and neonate, namely dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and all-trans retinoic acid (atRA). In addition, it is also known to metabolize a variety of drugs and xenobiotics, albeit generally to a lesser extent relative to CYP3A4/5. CYP3A7 is an important component in the development and protection of the fetal liver and additionally plays a role in certain disease states, such as cancer and adrenal hyperplasia. Ultimately, a full understanding of the expression, regulation, and metabolic properties of CYP3A7 is needed to provide neonates with appropriate individualized pharmacotherapy. This article summarizes the current state of knowledge of CYP3A7, including its discovery, distribution, alleles, RNA splicing, expression and regulation, metabolic properties, substrates, and inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixing Li
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang, 330047, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Jed N Lampe
- University of Colorado, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mail Stop C238, 12850 E. Montview Blvd., Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Chen W, Peng R, Sun Y, Liu H, Zhang L, Peng H, Zhang Z. The topological key lncRNA H2k2 from the ceRNA network promotes mesangial cell proliferation in diabetic nephropathyviathe miR‐449a/b/Trim11/Mek signaling pathway. FASEB J 2019; 33:11492-11506. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900522r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyun Chen
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research CenterChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Rui Peng
- Department of BioinformaticsChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yan Sun
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research CenterChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Handeng Liu
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research CenterChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Luyu Zhang
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research CenterChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Huimin Peng
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research CenterChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research CenterChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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Zhang JG, Zhang DD, Liu Y, Hu JN, Zhang X, Li L, Mu W, Zhu GH, Li Q, Liu GL. RhoC/ROCK2 promotes vasculogenic mimicry formation primarily through ERK/MMPs in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1113-1125. [PMID: 30779947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) results in the formation of an alternative circulatory system that can improve the blood supply to multiple malignant tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the potential mechanisms of RhoC/ROCK in VM have not yet been investigated in HCC. Here, RhoC expression was upregulated in HCC tissues, especially the VM-positive (VM+) group, compared to noncancerous tissues (P < 0.01), and patients with high expression of RhoC had shorter survival times (P < 0.001). The knockdown of RhoC via short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in SK-Hep-1 cells significantly decreased VM formation and cell motility. In contrast, cell motility and VM formation were remarkably enhanced when RhoC was overexpressed in HepG2 cells. To further assess the potential role of ROCK1 and ROCK2 on VM, we stably knocked down ROCK1 or ROCK2 in MHCC97H cells. Compared to ROCK1 shRNA, ROCK2 shRNA could largely affect VM formation, cell motility and the key VM factors, as well as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, p-ERK, p-MEK, p-FAK, p-paxillin, MT1-MMP and MMP2 levels were clearly altered following the overexpression of RhoC, but ROCK2 shRNA had little effect on the expression of p-FAK, which indicated that RhoC regulates FAK/paxillin signaling, but not through ROCK2. In conclusion, our results show that RhoC/ROCK2 may have a major effect on VM in HCC via ERK/MMPs signaling and might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Gang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, 200032 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Juan-Ni Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No 3025, Nanhai Road, 518033 Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Wan Mu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Guan-Hua Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, PR China.
| | - Gao-Lin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, PR China.
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12
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He Y, Zhou X, Li X, Jin X, Wang X, Pan X, Bi D. Relationship between CYP3A29 and pregnane X receptor in landrace pigs: Pig CYP3A29 has a similar mechanism of regulation to human CYP3A4. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 214:9-16. [PMID: 30153482 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to provide evidence of the validity of utilizing pigs as a model to study the regulation of human CYP3A4, with special emphasis on drug-drug interactions. We determined the mRNA expression and distribution of CYP3A and metabolic nuclear receptors in different tissues isolated from landrace pigs. Our results showed that CYP3A and metabolic nuclear receptor mRNAs were most highly expressed in liver tissues. The expression of the metabolic nuclear receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR) had a significant correlation with expression of CYP3A29, an analog of human CYP3A4. The correlation between their transcriptional levels was further demonstrated using LPS and TNF-α. The mRNA and protein expression of CYP3A29 and PXR in HepLi cells was significantly reduced by LPS and TNF-α treatment. CYP3A29 promoter activity was dramatically elevated by PXR over expression, whereas LPS and TNF-α treatment inhibited the enhanced CYP3A29 promoter activity that was induced by PXR; presumably through inhibition of PXR promoter activity. Furthermore, the inhibition of CYP3A29 promoter activity by LPS and TNF-α treatment was blocked by knockdown of PXR or retinoid X receptor (RXR). These data suggest high similarity in the regulation mechanism of pig CYP3A29 and human CYP3A4. Our research provided a significant evaluation to determine whether pigs are suitable as an experimental animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xiaoqiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xiue Jin
- Hubei Provincial Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xiliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Xiaoping Pan
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
| | - Dingren Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
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13
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Hyrsova L, Vanduchova A, Dusek J, Smutny T, Carazo A, Maresova V, Trejtnar F, Barta P, Anzenbacher P, Dvorak Z, Pavek P. Trans-resveratrol, but not other natural stilbenes occurring in food, carries the risk of drug-food interaction via inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes or interaction with xenosensor receptors. Toxicol Lett 2018; 300:81-91. [PMID: 30394306 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) is a stilbene phytochemical common in food and red wine. RSV inhibits cytochrome P450 CYP3A4 activity and interacts with the pregnane X receptor (PXR), the central regulator of drug/xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme expression. In this work, we comprehensively examined the effects of 13 stilbenes (trans- and cis-resveratrol, trans- and cis-piceatannol, oxyresveratrol, pterostilbene, pinostilbene, a,b-dihydroresveratrol, trans- and cis-trismethoxyresveratrol, trans-3,4,5,4'-tetramethoxystilbene, trans-2,4,3',5'-tetramethoxystilbene, trans-4-methoxystilbene), on CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 mRNA induction, and on CYP3A4/5, CYP2C8/9/19, CYP2D6, CYP2A6, CYP2E1, CYP1A2 and CYP2B6 cytochrome P450 enzyme activities. Expression experiments in five different primary human hepatocyte preparations, reporter gene assays, and ligand binding assays with pregnane X (PXR) and constitutive androstane (CAR) receptors were performed. Inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes was examined in human microsomes. We found that only polymethoxylated stilbenes are prone to significantly induce CYP2B6 or CYP3A4 in primary human hepatocytes via pregnane X receptor (PXR) interaction. Natural resveratrol derivatives such as trans- and cis-RSV, oxyresveratrol, pinostilbene and pterostilbene significantly inhibit CYP3A4/5 enzymatic activities; however, only trans-RSV significantly inhibits CYP3A4/5 activity (both testosterone 6β-hydroxylation and midazolam 1´-hydroxylation) in micromolar concentrations by a non-competitive mechanism, suggesting a potential risk of food-drug interactions with CYP3A4/5 substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Hyrsova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, CZ500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Vanduchova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, CZ775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, CZ775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dusek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, CZ500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Smutny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, CZ500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Alejandro Carazo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, CZ500 05, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, CZ775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Maresova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, CZ500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Trejtnar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, CZ500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Barta
- Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, CZ500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Anzenbacher
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, CZ775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Dvorak
- Department of Cellular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pavek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, CZ500 05, Czech Republic.
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14
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Bartonkova I, Dvorak Z. Essential oils of culinary herbs and spices activate PXR and induce CYP3A4 in human intestinal and hepatic in vitro models. Toxicol Lett 2018; 296:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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15
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Pollet M, Krutmann J, Haarmann-Stemmann T. Commentary: Usage of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Small Molecule Inhibitors: More Than Just Inhibition! Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:935. [PMID: 30177882 PMCID: PMC6110190 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Pollet
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jean Krutmann
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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16
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Dusek J, Carazo A, Trejtnar F, Hyrsova L, Holas O, Smutny T, Micuda S, Pavek P. Steviol, an aglycone of steviol glycoside sweeteners, interacts with the pregnane X (PXR) and aryl hydrocarbon (AHR) receptors in detoxification regulation. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:130-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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17
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Wang T, Liao Y, Sun Q, Tang H, Wang G, Zhao F, Jin Y. Upregulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Primary Cultured Rat Astrocytes Induced by 2-Chloroethanol Via MAPK Signal Pathways. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:218. [PMID: 28769771 PMCID: PMC5516094 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
2-Chloroethanol (2-CE) is one of the reactive metabolites of 1,2-DCE in vivo, which might contribute to brain edema formation induced by 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) poisoning. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore the roles of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathways in upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in 2-CE exposed rat astrocytes. Expression of p38 MAPK (p38), extracellular signal regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and MMP-9 at both protein and gene levels in rat astrocytes were determined using western blot and real-time RT-PCR methods. The results showed that both protein and mRNA levels of MMP-9 in 2-CE exposed astrocytes significantly increased. Meanwhile, protein levels of phosphorylated p38 (p-p38), ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) and JNK1/2 (p-JNK1/2) in 2-CE exposed astrocytes also significantly increased. In addition, both protein and mRNA levels of MMP-9 significantly decreased in response to reduced protein levels of p-p38, p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK1/2 achieved by supplement with their specific inhibitors, indicating that activation of MAPK signal pathways might play an important role in upregulation of MMP-9 expression at the transcriptional level in 2-CE exposed astrocytes. Furthermore, since pretreatment of n-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a powerful antioxidant amino acid, could attenuate the elevated levels of MMP-9, p-p38, p-ERK2 and p-JNK1/2 in 2-CE exposed astrocytes, activation of MAPK signal pathways in 2-CE exposed astrocytes could be mediated partially by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was most likely generated in the metabolism of 2-CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Yingjun Liao
- Department of Physiology, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Hongge Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Gaoyang Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Fenghong Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
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18
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Stepankova M, Pastorkova B, Bachleda P, Dvorak Z. Itraconazole cis-diastereoisomers activate aryl hydrocarbon receptor AhR and pregnane X receptor PXR and induce CYP1A1 in human cell lines and human hepatocytes. Toxicology 2017; 383:40-49. [PMID: 28390928 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Triazole antimycotic itraconazole contains in its structure three chiral centres; therefore, it forms eight stereoisomers. Commercial preparations of itraconazole are a mixture of four cis-diastereoisomers. There is much evidence that efficacy, adverse effects, and toxicity of chiral drugs may be stereospecific. Therefore, we have prepared 4 pure cis-diastereoisomers of itraconazole and investigated their effects on transcriptional activities of xenoreceptors aryl hydrocarbon receptor AhR and pregnane X receptor PXR. Gene reporter assays showed that itraconazole dose-dependently activated both AhR and PXR, and the activation of AhR but not of PXR was enantiospecific. Itraconazole diastereoisomers transformed AhR and PXR into their DNA-binding forms, as demonstrated by electromobility shift assays. Cytochrome P450 CYP1A1 mRNA and protein were induced by itraconazole diastereoisomers in human hepatoma cells HepG2, human skin cells HaCaT, and in primary human hepatocytes. The expression of CYP3A4 in human intestinal LS180 cells was not influenced by itraconazole, but we observed downregulation of CYP3A4 in human hepatocytes. Collectively, we show that itraconazole is a dual activator of AhR and PXR, with differential effects on the target genes for xenoreceptors. The enantiospecific pattern was observed only in gene reporter assays for AhR. The data presented here might be of toxicological and clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Stepankova
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Pastorkova
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bachleda
- 2nd Department of Surgery, University Hospital Olomouc, I.P. Pavlova 6, 775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Dvorak
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Sun Q, Liao Y, Wang T, Tang H, Wang G, Zhao F, Jin Y. 2-Chloroethanol Induced Upregulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 in Primary Cultured Rat Astrocytes Via MAPK Signal Pathways. Front Neurosci 2017; 10:593. [PMID: 28101000 PMCID: PMC5209348 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was to explore the mechanisms underlying 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) induced brain edema by focusing on alteration of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in rat astrocytes induced by 2-chloroethanol (2-CE), an intermediate metabolite of 1,2-DCE in vivo. Protein and mRNA levels of MMP-2, and the phosphorylated protein levels of p38 MAPK (p-p38), extracellular signal regulated protein kinase (p-ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK1/2) in astrocytes were examined by immunostaining, western blot or real-time RT-PCR analysis. Findings from this study disclosed that protein levels of MMP-2 were upregulated by 2-CE in astrocytes. Meanwhile, protein levels of p-p38, p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK1/2 were also increased apparently in the cells treated with 2-CE. Moreover, pretreatment of astrocytes with SB202190 (inhibitor of p38 MAPK), U0126 (inhibitor of ERK1/2) or SP600125 (inhibitor of JNK1/2) could suppress the upregulated expression of p-p38, p-ERK1/2, and p-JNK1/2. In response to suppressed protein levels of p-p38 and p-JNK1/2, the protein levels of MMP-2 also decreased significantly, indicating that activation of MAPK signal pathways were involved in the mechanisms underlying 2-CE-induced upregulation of MMP-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University Shenyang, China
| | - Yingjun Liao
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University Shenyang, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University Shenyang, China
| | - Hongge Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University Shenyang, China
| | - Gaoyang Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University Shenyang, China
| | - Fenghong Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University Shenyang, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University Shenyang, China
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20
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Pavek P. Pregnane X Receptor (PXR)-Mediated Gene Repression and Cross-Talk of PXR with Other Nuclear Receptors via Coactivator Interactions. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:456. [PMID: 27932985 PMCID: PMC5122737 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor (NR) that mainly controls inducible expression of xenobiotics handling genes including biotransformation enzymes and drug transporters. Nowadays it is clear that PXR is also involved in regulation of intermediate metabolism through trans-activation and trans-repression of genes controlling glucose, lipid, cholesterol, bile acid, and bilirubin homeostasis. In these processes PXR cross-talks with other NRs. Accumulating evidence suggests that the cross-talk is often mediated by competing for common coactivators or by disruption of coactivation and activity of other transcription factors by the ligand-activated PXR. In this respect mainly PXR-CAR and PXR-HNF4α interference have been reported and several cytochrome P450 enzymes (such as CYP7A1 and CYP8B1), phase II enzymes (SULT1E1, Gsta2, Ugt1a1), drug and endobiotic transporters (OCT1, Mrp2, Mrp3, Oatp1a, and Oatp4) as well as intermediate metabolism enzymes (PEPCK1 and G6Pase) have been shown as down-regulated genes after PXR activation. In this review, I summarize our current knowledge of PXR-mediated repression and coactivation interference in PXR-controlled gene expression regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Pavek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Centre for Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague Hradec Kralove, Czechia
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21
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Carazo A, Hyrsova L, Dusek J, Chodounska H, Horvatova A, Berka K, Bazgier V, Gan-Schreier H, Chamulitrat W, Kudova E, Pavek P. Acetylated deoxycholic (DCA) and cholic (CA) acids are potent ligands of pregnane X (PXR) receptor. Toxicol Lett 2016; 265:86-96. [PMID: 27871908 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Pregnane X (PXR), Vitamin D (VDR) and Farnesoid X (FXR) nuclear receptors have been shown to be receptors of bile acids controlling their detoxification or synthesis. Chenodeoxycholic (CDCA) and lithocholic (LCA) acids are ligands of FXR and VDR, respectively, whereas 3-keto and acetylated derivates of LCA have been described as ligands for all three receptors. In this study, we hypothesized that oxidation or acetylation at position 3, 7 and 12 of bile acids DCA (deoxycholic acid), LCA, CA (cholic acid), and CDCA by detoxification enzymes or microbiome may have an effect on the interactions with bile acid nuclear receptors. We employed reporter gene assays in HepG2 cells, the TR-FRET assay with recombinant PXR and RT-PCR to study the effects of acetylated and keto bile acids on the nuclear receptors activation and their target gene expression in differentiated hepatic HepaRG cells. We demonstrate that the DCA 3,12-diacetate and CA 3,7,12-triacetate derivatives are ligands of PXR and DCA 3,12-diacetate induces PXR target genes such as CYP3A4, CYP2B6 and ABCB1/MDR1. In conclusion, we found that acetylated DCA and CA are potent ligands of PXR. Whether the acetylated bile acid derivatives are novel endogenous ligands of PXR with detoxification or physiological functions should be further studied in ongoing experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Carazo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Kralove CZ500 05, Czechia
| | - Lucie Hyrsova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Kralove CZ500 05, Czechia
| | - Jan Dusek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Kralove CZ500 05, Czechia
| | - Hana Chodounska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo náměstí 2, CZ160 00 Praha, Czechia
| | - Alzbeta Horvatova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Kralove CZ500 05, Czechia
| | - Karel Berka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1131, Olomouc CZ779 00, Czechia
| | - Vaclav Bazgier
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1131, Olomouc CZ779 00, Czechia
| | - Hongying Gan-Schreier
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Waleé Chamulitrat
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Kudova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo náměstí 2, CZ160 00 Praha, Czechia
| | - Petr Pavek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Kralove CZ500 05, Czechia.
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Hyrsova L, Smutny T, Carazo A, Moravcik S, Mandikova J, Trejtnar F, Gerbal-Chaloin S, Pavek P. The pregnane X receptor down-regulates organic cation transporter 1 (SLC22A1) in human hepatocytes by competing for ("squelching") SRC-1 coactivator. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1703-15. [PMID: 26920453 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) transports cationic drugs into hepatocytes. The high hepatic expression of OCT1 is controlled by the HNF4α and USF transcription factors. Pregnane X receptor (PXR) mediates induction of the principal xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and transporters in the liver. Here, we have assessed the down-regulation of OCT1 expression by PXR activation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used primary human hepatocytes and related cell lines to measure OCT1 expression and activity, by assaying MPP(+) accumulation. Western blotting, qRT-PCR, the OCT1 promoter gene reporter constructs and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were also used. KEY RESULTS OCT1 mRNA in human hepatocytes was down-regulated along with reduced [(3) H]MPP(+) accumulation in differentiated HepaRG cells after treatment with rifampicin. Rifampicin and hyperforin as well as the constitutively active PXR mutant T248D suppressed activity of the 1.8 kb OCT1 promoter construct in gene reporter assays. Silencing of both PXR and HNF4α in HepaRG cells blocked the PXR ligand-mediated down-regulation of OCT1 expression. The mutation of HNF4α and USF1 (E-box) responsive elements reversed the PXR-mediated inhibition in gene reporter assays. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that PXR activation sequestrates the SRC-1 coactivator from the HNF4α response element and E-box of the OCT1 promoter. Consistent with these findings, exogenous overexpression of the SRC-1, but not the PGC1α coactivator, relieved the PXR-mediated repression of OCT1 transactivation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS PXR ligands reduced the HNF4α-mediated and USF-mediated transactivation of OCT1 gene expression by competing for SRC-1 and decreased delivery of a model OCT1 substrate into hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Hyrsova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Smutny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Alejandro Carazo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Moravcik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Mandikova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Trejtnar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Sabine Gerbal-Chaloin
- INSERM, U1183, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Petr Pavek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Wang AG, Song YN, Chen J, Li HL, Dong JY, Cui HP, Yao L, Li XF, Gao WT, Qiu ZW, Wang FJ, Wang JY. Activation of RAS/ERK alone is insufficient to inhibit RXRα function and deplete retinoic acid in hepatocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:801-7. [PMID: 25218146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Activation of RAS/ERK signaling pathway, depletion of retinoid, and phosphorylation of retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα) are frequent events found in liver tumors and thought to play important roles in hepatic tumorigenesis. However, the relationships among them still remained to be elucidated. By exploring the transgenic mouse model of hepatic tumorigenesis induced by liver-specific expression of H-ras12V oncogene, the activation of RAS/ERK, the mRNA expression levels of retinoid metabolism-related genes, the contents of retinoid metabolites, and phosphorylation of RXRα were determined. RAS/ERK signaling pathway was gradually and significantly activated in hepatic tumor adjacent normal liver tissues (P) and hepatic tumor tissues (T) of H-ras12V transgenic mice compared with normal liver tissues (Wt) of wild type mice. On the contrary, the mRNA expression levels of retinoid metabolism-related genes were significantly reduced in P and T compared with Wt. Interestingly, the retinoid metabolites 9-cis-retinoic acid (9cRA) and all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), the well known ligands for nuclear transcription factor RXR and retinoic acid receptor (RAR), were significantly decreased only in T compared with Wt and P, although the oxidized polar metabolite of atRA, 4-keto-all-trans-retinoic-acid (4-keto-RA) was significantly decreased in both P and T compared with Wt. To our surprise, the functions of RXRα were significantly blocked only in T compared with Wt and P. Namely, the total protein levels of RXRα were significantly reduced and the phosphorylation levels of RXRα were significantly increased only in T compared with Wt and P. Treatment of H-ras12V transgenic mice at 5-week-old or 5-month-old with atRA had no effect on the prevention of tumorigenesis or cure of developed nodules in liver. These events imply that the depletion of 9cRA and atRA and the inhibition of RXRα function in hepatic tumors involve more complex mechanisms besides the activation of RAS/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Guo Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, PR China.
| | - Ya-Nan Song
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, PR China
| | - Hui-Ling Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, PR China
| | - Jian-Yi Dong
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, PR China
| | - Hai-Peng Cui
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, PR China
| | - Liang Yao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, PR China
| | - Xue-Feng Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, PR China
| | - Wen-Ting Gao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, PR China
| | - Ze-Wen Qiu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, PR China
| | - Fu-Jin Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, PR China
| | - Jing-Yu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, PR China.
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