1
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Jia W, Wang X. 3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol exposure adversely influenced the bio-accessibility signatures of digested infant foods by suppressing the destabilization of α-lactalbumin and d-aspartate oxidase in a dose-dependent manner. Food Chem 2023; 427:136729. [PMID: 37385056 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The potential mechanisms about the health risks of endogenous 3-MCPD remain elusive. Here, we researched the influences of 3-MCPD on the metabolic landscape of digested goat infant formulas via integrative UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS-MS/MS-based peptidomics and metabolomics (%RSDs ≤ 7.35 %, LOQ 2.99-58.77 μg kg-1). Digested goat infant formulas under 3-MCPD-interference caused metabolic perturbation by down-regulating levels of peptides VGINYWLAHK (5.98-0.72 mg kg-1) and HLMCLSWQ (3.25-0.72 mg kg-1) pertained to health-promoting bioactive components, and accelerated the down-regulation of non-essential amino acids (AAs, l-tyrosine 0.88-0.39 mg kg-1, glutamic acid 8.83-0.88 μg kg-1, and d-aspartic acid 2.93-0.43 μg kg-1), semi-essential AA (l-arginine 13.06-8.12 μg kg-1) and essential AAs (l-phenylalanine 0.49-0.05 mg kg-1) that provide nutritional value. Peptidomics and metabolomics interactions elucidated that 3-MCPD altered the stability of α-lactalbumin and d-aspartate oxidase in a dose-dependent manner, and affected the flavor perception of goat infant formulas, leading to a decline of nutritional value of goat infant formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jia
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; Shaanxi Research Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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2
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Wei T, Cao N, Han T, Chen Y, Zhou X, Niu L, Liu W, Li C. Lipidomics Analysis Explores the Mechanism of Renal Injury in Rat Induced by 3-MCPD. TOXICS 2023; 11:479. [PMID: 37368578 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) is a food-process toxic substance, and its main target organ is the kidney. The present study examined and characterized the nephrotoxicity and the lipidomic mechanisms in a model of kidney injury in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats treated with high (45 mg/kg) and low (30 mg/kg) doses of 3-MCPD. The results showed that the ingestion of 3-MCPD led to a dose-dependent increase in serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels and histological renal impairment. The oxidative stress indicators (MDA, GSH, T-AOC) in the rat kidney altered in a dose-dependent manner in 3-MCPD groups. The lipidomics analysis revealed that 3-MCPD caused kidney injury by interfering with glycerophospholipid metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism. In addition, 38 lipids were screened as potential biomarkers. This study not only revealed the mechanism of 3-MCPD renal toxicity from the perspective of lipidomics but also provided a new approach to the study of 3-MCPD nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Na Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Tiantian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Liyang Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Wenting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Chang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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3
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3-MCPD as contaminant in processed foods: State of knowledge and remaining challenges. Food Chem 2023; 403:134332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4
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Nik Azmi NNA, Tan TC, Ang MY, Leong YH. Occurrence and risk assessment of 3-monochloropropanediols esters (3-MCPDE), 2-monochloropropanediol esters (2-MCPDE), and glycidyl esters (GE) in commercial infant formula samples from Malaysia. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2023; 40:212-221. [PMID: 36602442 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2163054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The presence of 3-monochloropropanediol esters (3-MCPDE), 2-monochloropropanediol esters (2-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) in infant formula products has raised serious concerns. They incorporate vegetable oils, particularly palm-based oils, which are well-known to contain large amounts of these process contaminants. An analysis was conducted on infant formula samples (n = 16) obtained from the Malaysian market to determine the levels of 3-MCPDE, 2-MCPDE and GE using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The method was validated, with a limit of quantification (LOQ) on instrument of 0.10 µg/g for all analytes. The median concentrations of 3-MCPDE, 2-MCPDE and GE in infant formula in this study were 0.008 µg/g, 0.003 µg/g and 0.002 µg/g respectively. The estimated dietary intakes calculated from consumption of infant formula show higher exposures to infants within the age group of 0 to 5 months, highest for GE (1.61 µg/kg bw/day), followed by 3-MCPDE (0.68 µg/kg bw/day) and 2-MCPDE (0.41 µg/kg bw/day) compared to the age group of 6 to 12 months. Only one sample, relating to GE exposure is a potential risk for both age groups with MOE value below 25,000.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thuan-Chew Tan
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.,Renewable Biomass Transformation Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - May Yen Ang
- Shimadzu Malaysia Sdn Bhd, Kota Damansara, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yin-Hui Leong
- National Poison Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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5
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He QK, Li YP, Xu ZR, Wei WB, Qiao FX, Sun MX, Liu YC, Chen YZ, Wang HL, Qi ZQ, Liu Y. 3-MCPD exposure enhances ovarian fibrosis and reduces oocyte quality in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120662. [PMID: 36395906 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) is a food contaminant believed to be harmful to human health. Previous studies showed that 3-MCPD exerts toxic effects in multiple tissues, but whether 3-MCPD affects female reproductive function remained unknown. Here, using mouse gastric lavage models, we report that 3-MCPD exposure for four weeks affected body growth, decreased the ovary/body weight ratio, and increased atretic follicle numbers. Expression levels of follicular development-related factors decreased. Further studies found that ovaries from 3-MCPD exposed mice had activated the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway and promoted ovarian fibrosis. Increased TNF-α, IL-1 and NF-κB expression also indicated the occurrence of ovarian inflammation. Exposure to 3-MCPD stimulated the caspase pathway and enhanced granulosa cell apoptosis. Consistent with disrupted ovarian homeostasis, 3-MCPD exposure interfered with mitochondrial function, generated more reactive oxygen species, increased ferrous ion and lipid peroxidation levels, and resulted in decreased oocyte development potential. Collectively, these findings indicated that 3-MCPD exposure induced ovarian inflammation and fibrosis, and caused disorders of mitochondrial function and ferrous ion homeostasis in oocytes, which consequently disturbed follicle maturation and reduced oocyte quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Kuo He
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Yan-Ping Li
- Research Laboratory of Zhuang & Yao Medicine, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Zhi-Ran Xu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530011, China
| | - Wen-Bo Wei
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Feng-Xin Qiao
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Ming-Xin Sun
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Yue-Cen Liu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Yan-Zhu Chen
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Hai-Long Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zhong-Quan Qi
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China.
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6
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Sun C, Wu N, Kou S, Wu H, Liu Y, Pei A, Li Q. Occurrence, formation mechanism, detection methods, and removal approaches for chloropropanols and their esters in food: An updated systematic review. Food Chem X 2022; 17:100529. [PMID: 36845468 PMCID: PMC9943786 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloropropanols, one of the major contaminants in food, and the corresponding esters or glycidyl esters (GEs) are of great concern in terms of product safety due to their potential carcinogenicity. During heat processing, glycerol, allyl alcohol, chloropropanol esters, sucralose, and carbohydrate in mixed foodstuffs are probable precursors of chloropropanol. The standard analytical techniques for chloropropanols or their esters are GC-MS or LC-MS following sample derivatization pretreatment. By comparing modern data against that five-year-old before, it appears that the levels of chloropropanols and their esters/GEs in food products have somewhat decreased. 3-MCPD esters or GEs may yet exceed the permitted intake set, however, especially in newborn formula which requires particularly stringent regulatory measures. Citespace (6.1. R2) software was employed in this study to examine the research focii of chloropropanols and their corresponding esters/GEs in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxia Sun
- College of Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing 100083, China,Corresponding authors at: College of Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Ni Wu
- College of Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing 100083, China,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shunli Kou
- Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Haolin Wu
- College of Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing 100083, China,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Annan Pei
- College of Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing 100083, China,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing 100083, China,Corresponding authors at: College of Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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7
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Wan X, Jia W, Zhuang P, Wu F, Zhang Y, Shen X, Liu X, Zheng W, Jiao J, Zhang Y. Associations of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol and glycidol with prevalence of metabolic syndrome: Findings from Lanxi Nutrition and Safety Study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 209:112746. [PMID: 35063427 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the association of 2,3-dihydroxypropyl mercapturic acid (DHPMA), a urinary biomarker of environmental and dietary exposure to 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol and glycidol, with prevalent MetS in a Chinese middle-aged and elderly population. The urinary DHPMA concentrations were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis and further calibrated by the urinary creatinine content. MetS cases were defined by the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for Asian-Americans of National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP/ATPIII). Multivariate-adjusted modified Poisson regression models were used to analyze the associations between the urinary DHPMA concentrations and MetS prevalence. Of the 1613 participants aged 45-75 years, we documented 552 (34.2%) MetS cases. After adjustment for potential risk factors, the relative risks (95% confidence intervals) of MetS prevalence across the increasing quartiles of DHPMA concentrations were 1.14 (0.93-1.39), 1.29 (1.06-1.56), and 1.50 (1.25-1.80), respectively, compared with the lowest quartile. We also observed strong positive association between urinary DHPMA concentrations and hypertriglyceridemia prevalence (P < 0.001 for trend). These positive associations remained unchanged in the subgroups stratified by general demographic, dietary and behavioral risk factors. These results suggested that urinary DHPMA was associated with higher prevalence of MetS among Chinese elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhi Wan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Jia
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pan Zhuang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Department of Clinical Nutrition of Affiliated Second Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiju Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyi Shen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Department of Clinical Nutrition of Affiliated Second Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weifang Zheng
- Lanxi Red Cross Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Department of Clinical Nutrition of Affiliated Second Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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8
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Jia W, Zhuang P, Wang Q, Wan X, Mao L, Chen X, Miao H, Chen D, Ren Y, Zhang Y. Urinary non-targeted toxicokinetics and metabolic fingerprinting of exposure to 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol and glycidol from refined edible oils. Food Res Int 2022; 152:110898. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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9
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Jin C, Min F, Zhong Y, Sun D, Luo R, Liu Q, Peng X. Nephrotoxicity evaluation of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol exposure in Sprague-Dawley rats using data-independent acquisition-based quantitative proteomics analysis. Toxicol Lett 2021; 356:110-120. [PMID: 34915118 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD), as a heat-induced food process contaminant, possesses strongly toxic effect on kidney. The present study focuses on characterizing the proteome and clarifying the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms in a model of kidney injury in rats treated with 3-MCPD. Data-independent acquisition (DIA)-mass spectrometry (MS) based proteomics was used to identify dysregulated proteins in kidney tissues of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats treated with 30 mg/kg/day 3-MCPD by gavage for 28 days. It was found that a total of 975 proteins were deregulated after 3-MCPD treatment. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that several enzymes related to the metabolisms of amino acid, lipid and carbohydrate in endogenous metabolism were altered in response to 3-MCPD treatment. Moreover, some proteins involved in these pathways were also changed, mainly including oxidative stress, oxidative phosphorylation, apoptosis and autophagy. Our study unravels the vital roles of loss of mitochondrial homeostasis and function and cell death pathways in the development of renal damage induced by 3-MCPD, which provides further valuable insights into the initiation and resolution of 3-MCPD nephrotoxicity. The proposed DIA-MS workflow not only provides a choice for proteomic analysis in toxicological research, but also provides a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of nephrotoxicity induced by toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengni Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Fenyi Min
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yujie Zhong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Dianjun Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ruilin Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoli Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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10
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Sevim Ç, Özkaraca M, Kara M, Ulaş N, Mendil AS, Margina D, Tsatsakis A. Apoptosis is induced by sub-acute exposure to 3-MCPD and glycidol on Wistar Albino rat brain cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:103735. [PMID: 34461274 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
3-chloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and its toxic metabolite glycidol were classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as belonging to group 2B and 2A for humans. This study aimed to determine the sub-acute toxicity of these agents. Rats were exposed to 3-MCPD at 0.87 and 10 mg/kg/bw and glycidol (2,4 and 37,5 mg/kg/bw) for 90 days. miR-21 gene expression levels significantly decreased in all group's cerebellar tissues compared with control. Exposure to 10 mg/kg/bw 3-MCPD showed significant increases in PTEN in brain as compared to control group. The Akt gen expressions were significantly decreased in 3-MCPD and glycidol groups when compared to control group brains. Additionally, Caspase 3 and AIF immunopositivity significantly increased in 3-MCPD high dose and glycidol high dose groups in cerebellum granular layers compared to control. The results of the present study conclude that 3-MCPD and glycidol can induce apoptosis in rat brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çiğdem Sevim
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kastamonu, 37200, Kastamonu, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Özkaraca
- Deparment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Cumhuriyet, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Kara
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Istanbul, 34116, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nergis Ulaş
- Deparment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Ataturk, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ali Sefa Mendil
- Deparment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Erciyes, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Denisa Margina
- Deparment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Carol Davila, 020956, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
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11
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Jin C, Xue W, Liu Q, Han J, Luo R, Feng J, Liu J, Guo T, Peng X, Hu T. LKB1/AMPKα signaling pathway and mitochondrial fission/fusion dynamics regulate apoptosis induced by 3-chlorpropane-1,2-diol in HEK293 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 154:112350. [PMID: 34139305 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics are considered play pivotal roles in the maintenance of mitochondrial function and cell viability. During the widely distributed food contaminant 3-chlorpropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) induced nephrotoxicity, mitochondrial morphology and function were impaired, but the specific mechanism responsible for the process has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, using an in vitro human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cell culture model, the role of LKB1/AMPK pathway and mitochondrial fission and fusion dynamics in 3-MCPD-induced cell apoptosis was investigated by using the AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin and mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (Mdivi-1), respectively. The results revealed that 3-MCPD significantly decreased the ATP levels, activated the energy-sensing regulator AMPKα and its upstream protein kinase LKB1, disrupted mitochondrial dynamics equilibrium characterized by promoting division and inhibiting fusion, thus inducing cell apoptosis. Notably, suppression of AMPK by dorsomorphin mitigated 3-MCPD-induced cytotoxicity through improvement of the function and dynamics of mitochondria and alleviated apoptosis via the mitochondria-dependent pathway. Moreover, inhibition of mitochondrial fission by Mdivi-1 protected against apoptosis induced by 3-MCPD. Taken together, these results suggest that 3-MCPD triggers apoptosis through activation of LKB1/AMPKα signaling pathway and regulation of mitochondrial fission and fusion dynamics in HEK293 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengni Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wei Xue
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jiahui Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ruilin Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jiayu Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tianmin Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoli Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Tianming Hu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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12
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Khosrokhavar R, Dizaji R, Nazari F, Sharafi A, Tajkey J, Hosseini MJ. The role of PGC-1α and metabolic signaling pathway in kidney injury following chronic administration with 3-MCPD as a food processing contaminant. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13744. [PMID: 33913518 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) as a byproduct of food processing and a carcinogenic agent has attracted much attention in the last decades. Kidney is the main target organ that is sensitive to the toxicity of 3-MCPD. Due to limited evidence about possible 3-MCPD toxicity, we design an investigation to determine the role of mitochondrial biogenesis following chronic oral administration of 3-MCPD (2, 4, 8 and 32 mg/kg) for 2 months in male C57 mice. The present study evaluated the affects of 3-MCPD in modulating metabolic signalling which is associated with Il-18, PGC-1α, Nrf-2 and Sir3 which are the major transcription factors. Our data confirms controversial behaviors after chronic exposure with 3-MCPD. Over expression of the PGC-1α and Sir3 and IL-18 were observed after exposure with 2,4 & 8 mg kg-1 day-1 of 3-MCPD. In front, PGC-1α down-regulation occurs at the highest dose (32 mg/kg) resulted in kidney injury. Based on the findings, PGC-1α plays an important role in the restoration of the mitochondrial function during the recovery from chronic kidney injury. We suggest that the PGC-1α can be consider as a therapeutic target in prevention and treatment of kidney injury after chronic exposure of 3-MCPD. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: 3-Monochloropropane-1, 2-diol (3-MCPD) existed in several foods, can induce nephrotoxicity, progressive nephropathy and renal tubule dilation following acute and chronic exposure. It revealed that 3-MCPD toxicity is related to metabolites which can cause oxidative stress and activation of cell death signaling. It seems that cytotoxicity of 3-MCPD has disruptive effect on kidney cells due to rise in ROS production and decrease in mitochondrial membrane permeability. These effects can lead to MPT pore opening, cytochrome c release and activation of programed cell death signaling pathway. Therefore, present study was investigated the role of PGC-1a and the metabolic signaling involved in 3-MCPD-induced nephrotoxicity for the first time. Our data revealed that up-regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis following chronic exposure with 3-MCPD accelerates recovery of mitochondrial and cellular function in kidney by deacetylation of histones, overexpression of transcription factors (PGC-1α, Nrf-2, and Sir3) and maintaining cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Khosrokhavar
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Food and Drug Administration, MOH&ME, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rana Dizaji
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Firouzeh Nazari
- Food and Drug Administration, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sharafi
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Javad Tajkey
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mir-Jamal Hosseini
- Zanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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13
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Yang P, Zhang Y, Li Y, Granvogl M, Gao B, Yu LL. Proteomic Analyses of 3-Monochloropropanediol 1-Monooleate and 1-Monostearate Induced Testicular Toxicity in a 90 Day Sprague-Dawley Rats' Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:4542-4549. [PMID: 33843233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
3-Monochloropropane 1,2-diol (3-MCPD) esters are toxicants formed during food thermal processing, and their testicular toxicities were widely reported. In this 90 day in vivo study, Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 3-MCPD 1-monooleate at 10 and 100 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day or 1-monostearate at 15 and 150 mg/kg bw/day. Histological results indicated that testicular impairment was observed, and the level of serum testosterone was decreased dose dependently, while the levels of serum transforming growth factor beta and interferon-γ in rats' serum were increased dose dependently. To address the molecular mechanisms leading to testicular toxicities of 3-MCPD esters, testes samples were investigated with a mass spectrometry proteomic approach. The deregulated proteins affected by 3-MCPD esters include many enzymes related with the inflammatory necrosis pathways. While verifying the results in cellular level, 3-MCPD 1-monooleate and 3-MCPD 1-monostearate showed almost similar testicular cytotoxicity, and they could activate RIPK1 and MLKL pathways at the cellular level. All of these results showed the possible mechanisms about the toxicity of 3-MCPD esters in rats' testes and play a vital role in understanding the toxic effects of 3-MCPD esters both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puyu Yang
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yaqiong Zhang
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yanfang Li
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Michael Granvogl
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Fachgebiet für Lebensmittelchemie und Analytische Chemie (170a), Fakultät Naturwissenschaften, Universität Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, Stuttgart D-70599, Germany
| | - Boyan Gao
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liangli Lucy Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, Maryland, United States
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14
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Mossoba ME, Mapa MST, Sprando J, Araujo M, Sprando RL. Evaluation of transporter expression in HK-2 cells after exposure to free and ester-bound 3-MCPD. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:436-442. [PMID: 33717996 PMCID: PMC7932896 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and its fatty acid esters have the potential to induce nephrotoxicity. We used an in vitro cellular model of human proximal tubule cells to test the effects of 3-MCPD compound exposures on transporter gene expression. 3-MCPD-related nephrotoxicity could be associated with indirect modes of action relating to aquaporin homeostasis.
3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) is a food processing contaminant in some infant formula products and other foods in the United States. Although rodent studies have demonstrated that 3-MCPD and its palmitic esters have the potential to induce nephrotoxicity, our recent human cell culture studies using the human renal proximal tubule cell line HK-2 have not strongly supported this finding. Considering this disparity, we sought to examine whether changes in transporter gene expression on proximal tubule cells could be modulated by these compounds and allow us to glean mechanistic information on a possible indirect path to proximal tubule injury in vivo. If fundamental processes like water and solute transport could be disrupted by 3-MCPD compounds, then a new avenue of toxicity could be further explored in both infant and adult models. In our current study, we used HK-2 cells as an in vitro cellular model of human proximal tubule cells to investigate the effects of low (10 μM) and high (100 μM) 3-MCPD compound exposures to these cells for 24 hours (h) on the expression of 20 transporter genes that are known to be relevant to proximal tubules. Although we detected consistent upregulation of AQP1 expression at the RNA transcript level following HK-2 treatment with both low and high doses of several ester-bound 3-MCPD compounds, these increases were not associated with statistically significant elevations in their protein expression levels. Moreover, we observed a lack of modulation of other members of the AQP protein family that are known to be expressed by human proximal tubule cells. Overall, our study suggests the possibility that 3-MCPD-related nephrotoxicity could be associated with indirect modes of action relating to aquaporin homeostasis, but additional studies with other human-derived models would be pertinent to further explore these findings and to better understand transporter expression differences under different stages of proximal tubule development.
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Key Words
- 1-Li, 1-Linoleoyl-3-chloropropanediol
- 1-Ol, 1-Oleoyl-3-chloropropanediol
- 1-Pa, 1-Palmitoyl-3-chloropropanediol
- 3-MCPD, 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol
- 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol
- HK-2
- HK-2, Human Kidney-2
- Kidney
- Li, Linoleic Acid
- Li-Li, 1,2-Di-linoleoyl-3-chloropropanediol
- Ol, Oleic Acid
- Ol-Li, 1-Oleoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-chloropropanediol
- Ol-Ol, 1,2-Di-oleoyl-3-chloropropanediol
- PMA, Phenylmercuric Acetate
- Pa, Palmitic Acid
- Pa-Li, 1-Palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-chloropropanediol
- Pa-Ol, 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-3-chloropropanediol
- Pa-Pa, 1,2-Di-palmitoyl-3-chloropropanediol
- VAL, Valproic Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam E Mossoba
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA), Division of Toxicology (DT), Laurel, MD, 20817, United States
| | - Mapa S T Mapa
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA), Division of Toxicology (DT), Laurel, MD, 20817, United States
| | - Jessica Sprando
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, 205 Duck Pond Road, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States
| | - Magali Araujo
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA), Division of Toxicology (DT), Laurel, MD, 20817, United States
| | - Robert L Sprando
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA), Division of Toxicology (DT), Laurel, MD, 20817, United States
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15
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Jin C, Zhong Y, Han J, Zhu J, Liu Q, Sun D, Xia X, Peng X. Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission induced autophagy attenuates cell apoptosis caused by 3-chlorpropane-1,2-diol in HEK293 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111740. [PMID: 32910998 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
3-chlorpropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) is a heat-induced food process contaminant that threatens human health. As the primary target organ, the morphological and functional impairment of kidney and the related mechanism such as apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction were observed. However, the precise molecular mechanism remains largely unclear. This study aimed to explore the important role of mitochondrial fission and autophagy in the 3-MCPD-caused apoptosis of human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. The results showed that blockage of dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp1) by mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (Mdivi-1, 15 μM) apparently restored 3-MCPD-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, accompanied by prevented the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP depletion, and suppressed the occurrence of autophagy. Induction of autophagy occurred following 2.5-10 mM 3-MCPD treatment for 24 h via AMPK mediated mTOR signaling pathway. Meanwhile, enhancement of autophagy by pretreatment with rapamycin (1 nM) alleviated the loss of cell viability and apoptosis induced by 3-MCPD whereas suppression of autophagy by 3-methyladenine (1 mM) further accelerated apoptosis, which was modulated through the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway. Taking together, this study provides novel insights into the 3-MCPD-induced apoptosis in HEK293 cells and reveals that autophagy has potential as an effective intervention strategy for the treatment of 3-MCPD-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengni Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yujie Zhong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jiahui Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jiachang Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Dianjun Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoli Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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16
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Araujo M, Beekman JK, Mapa MS, MacMahon S, Zhao Y, Flynn TJ, Flannery B, Mossoba ME, Sprando RL. Assessment of intestinal absorption/metabolism of 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) and three 3-MCPD monoesters by Caco-2 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 67:104887. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Mossoba ME, Mapa MST, Araujo M, Zhao Y, Flannery B, Flynn T, Sprando J, Wiesenfeld P, Sprando RL. Long-term in vitro effects of exposing the human HK-2 proximal tubule cell line to 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol. J Toxicol Sci 2020; 45:45-56. [PMID: 31932557 DOI: 10.2131/jts.45.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) is a food processing contaminant in the U.S. food supply, detected in infant formula. In vivo rodent model studies have identified a variety of possible adverse outcomes from 3-MCPD exposure including renal effects like increased kidney weights, tubular hyperplasia, kidney tubular necrosis, and chronic progressive nephropathy. Given the lack of available in vivo toxicological assessments of 3-MCPD in humans and the limited availability of in vitro human cell studies, the health effects of 3-MCPD remain unclear. We used in vitro human proximal tubule cells represented by the HK-2 cell line to compare short- and long-term consequences to continuous exposure to this compound. After periodic lengths of exposure (0-100 mM) ranging from 1 to 16 days, we evaluated cell viability, mitochondrial integrity, oxidative stress, and a specific biomarker of proximal tubule injury, Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1). Overall, we found that free 3-MCPD was generally more toxic at high concentrations or extended durations of exposure, but that its overall ability to induce cell injury was limited in this in vitro system. Further experiments will be needed to conduct a comprehensive safety assessment in infants who may be exposed to 3-MCPD through consumption of infant formula, as human renal physiology changes significantly during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam E Mossoba
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA), Division of Applied Regulatory Toxicology (DART), Neurotoxicology and In vitro Toxicology Branch (NIVTB), USA
| | - Mapa S T Mapa
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA), Division of Applied Regulatory Toxicology (DART), Neurotoxicology and In vitro Toxicology Branch (NIVTB), USA
| | - Magali Araujo
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA), Division of Applied Regulatory Toxicology (DART), Neurotoxicology and In vitro Toxicology Branch (NIVTB), USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA), Division of Applied Regulatory Toxicology (DART), Neurotoxicology and In vitro Toxicology Branch (NIVTB), USA
| | - Brenna Flannery
- U.S. FDA, CFSAN, Office of Analytics and Outreach (OAO), Division of Risk and Decision Analysis (DRDA), Contaminant Assessment Branch (CAB), USA
| | - Thomas Flynn
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA), Division of Applied Regulatory Toxicology (DART), Neurotoxicology and In vitro Toxicology Branch (NIVTB), USA
| | | | - Paddy Wiesenfeld
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA), Division of Applied Regulatory Toxicology (DART), Neurotoxicology and In vitro Toxicology Branch (NIVTB), USA
| | - Robert L Sprando
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA), Division of Applied Regulatory Toxicology (DART), Neurotoxicology and In vitro Toxicology Branch (NIVTB), USA
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18
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Yang P, Hu J, Liu J, Zhang Y, Gao B, Wang TTY, Jiang L, Granvogl M, Yu LL. Ninety-Day Nephrotoxicity Evaluation of 3-MCPD 1-Monooleate and 1-Monostearate Exposures in Male Sprague Dawley Rats Using Proteomic Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:2765-2772. [PMID: 32045244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid esters of 3-monochloropropane 1,2-diol (3-MCPD esters) are processing-induced food toxicants, with the kidney as their major target organ. For the first time, this study treated Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with 3-MCPD 1-monooleate at 10 and 100 mg/kg BW/day and 1-monostearate at 15 and 150 mg/kg BW/day for 90 days and examined for their potential semi-long-term nephrotoxicity and the associated molecular mechanisms. No bodyweight difference was observed between groups during the study. Both 3-MCPD 1-monooleate and 1-monostearate resulted in a dose-dependent increase of serum urea creatinine, uric acid and urea nitrogen levels, and histological renal impairment. The proteomic analysis of the kidney samples showed that the 3-MCPD esters deregulated proteins involved in the pathways for ion transportation, apoptosis, the metabolism of xenobiotics, and enzymes related to endogenous biological metabolisms of carbohydrates, amino acids, nitrogen, lipids, fatty acids, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, providing partial explanation for the nephrotoxicity of 3-MCPD esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puyu Yang
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinyu Hu
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junchen Liu
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yaqiong Zhang
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Boyan Gao
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Thomas T Y Wang
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), USDA, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Lianzhou Jiang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Michael Granvogl
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Section Food Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry (170a), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
| | - Liangli Lucy Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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19
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Schultrich K, Henderson CJ, Braeuning A, Buhrke T. Correlation between 3-MCPD-induced organ toxicity and oxidative stress response in male mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 136:110957. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Gao B, Li Y, Huang G, Yu L. Fatty Acid Esters of 3-Monochloropropanediol: A Review. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2019; 10:259-284. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-032818-121245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid esters of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD esters) are a new group of processing-induced chemical toxicants with possible nephrotoxicity and testicular toxicity. 3-MCPD esters have been detected in many food categories, including refined edible oils, bread, coffee, and infant formula. 3-MCPD esters have also been detected in human breast milk, indicating their possible absorption and distribution in human organs and tissues. 3-MCPD esters have become a food safety concern, and in 2013 the European Food Safety Authority estimated a tolerable daily value (TDI) of 2 μg/kg body weight (BW) for the amount of free 3-MCPD. This review summarizes the available information on 3-MCPD ester research, including the analytical methods, exposure biomarkers, absorption and metabolism, toxicities, formation mechanisms, and mitigation strategies as well as the occurrence of 3-MCPD esters in human foods. This review may serve as a scientific foundation for advancing our understanding of 3-MCPD esters and their food safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyan Gao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yanfang Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Guoren Huang
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liangli Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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21
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Jiang X, Zhu C, Li X, Sun J, Tian L, Bai W. Cyanidin-3- O-glucoside at Low Doses Protected against 3-Chloro-1,2-propanediol Induced Testis Injury and Improved Spermatogenesis in Male Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:12675-12684. [PMID: 30376326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the capability of mankind spermatogenesis is declining due to various threats. Anthocyanins as colorful polyphenols possess beneficial functions for the organisms, including Leydig cells, but their effects on male spermatogenesis remain underexplored. In our study, the protective effect of cyanidin-3- O-glucoside (C3G) was investigated on the 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) caused rat spermatogenic disorders. At low doses, C3G improved the number and motility of the sperms, alleviating the seminiferous tubule injury. Interestingly, C3G showed no influence on sexual hormone but increased the androgen receptor expression. Meanwhile, C3G reduced the oxidative stress and number of apoptotic cells and promoted the integrity of the blood-testis barrier in the testis. Additionally, C3G mediated the activation of p-ERK, p-JNK, and p53, which are related to the protection of Sertoli cells and spermatogenesis. In conclusion, C3G protected against the 3-MCPD caused testis damage and spermatogenic disorders under appropriate doses, which indicates the potential protection of anthocyanins on male reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , PR China
| | - Cuijuan Zhu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , PR China
| | - Xusheng Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , PR China
| | - Jianxia Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry , Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , PR China
| | - Lingmin Tian
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , PR China
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , PR China
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22
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In vitro proteomic analysis of methapyrilene toxicity in rat hepatocytes reveals effects on intermediary metabolism. Arch Toxicol 2018; 93:369-383. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2360-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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23
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Proteomic analysis of 2-monochloropropanediol (2-MCPD) and 2-MCPD dipalmitate toxicity in rat kidney and liver in a 28-days study. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Frenzel F, Oberemm A, Lampen A, Braeuning A. Proteomic effects of repeated-dose oral exposure to 2-monochloropropanediol and its dipalmitate in rat testes. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 116:354-359. [PMID: 29705614 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
2- and 3-monochloropropanediol (2-MCPD) and their fatty acid esters are food contaminants which are concomitantly formed upon thermal treatment of foodstuff containing fats and salt. Exposure to 2- or 3-MCPD thus results, for example, from refined vegetable oils, in instant meals or infant formula, as well as in cereals or pastries. The molecular mechanisms of 2-MCPD toxicity are poorly understood. Here, we performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of 2-MCDP-induced alterations in the testes from rats following oral administration of 10 mg/kg body weight per day 2-MCPD, or an equimolar dose of 2-MCPD dipalmitate as a representative 2-MCPD fatty acid ester. In the absence of overt histopathologically detectable toxicity, moderate alterations in cellular proteomic signatures were recorded. The observations are in line with the assumption that the molecular mechanisms of 2-MCPD and 3-MCPD toxicity differ. Observed proteomic alterations point towards effects of 2-MCPD on mitogen-dependent signaling and mitochondrial energy utilization. Presented data for the first time provide insight into proteomic effects of 2-MCPD in testicular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falko Frenzel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Oberemm
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
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Knutsen HK, Alexander J, Barregård L, Bignami M, Brüschweiler B, Ceccatelli S, Cottrill B, Dinovi M, Edler L, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hoogenboom LR, Nebbia CS, Oswald IP, Petersen A, Rose M, Roudot AC, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Vollmer G, Wallace H, Lampen A, Morris I, Piersma A, Schrenk D, Binaglia M, Levorato S, Hogstrand C. Update of the risk assessment on 3-monochloropropane diol and its fatty acid esters. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05083. [PMID: 32625654 PMCID: PMC7009698 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The CONTAM Panel updated the assessment of the risks for human health related to the presence of 3-monochloropropane diol (3-MCPD) and its fatty acid esters in food published in 2016 in view of the scientific divergence identified in the establishment of the tolerable daily intake (TDI) in the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants (FAO/WHO) report published in 2017. In this update, dose-response analysis was performed following the recent EFSA Scientific Committee guidance on the use of benchmark dose (BMD) approach in risk assessment, and a review of available data on developmental and reproduction toxicity was included. The outcome of this review indicates that in rats short-term exposure to 3-MCPD above 1 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day can induce reduced sperm motility associated with reduced male fecundity. Decreased sperm count and histopathological changes in the testis and epididymis were observed following longer treatment periods at higher doses. Regarding increased incidence kidney tubular hyperplasia, BMD analysis using model averaging resulted in a BMDL 10 of 0.20 mg/kg bw per day in male rats, which was selected as the new Reference Point (RP) for renal effects. For the effects on male fertility, decreased sperm motility was selected as the most sensitive relevant endpoint and a BMDL 05 of 0.44 mg/kg bw per day was calculated. The RP for renal effects was considered to derive an updated group TDI of 2 μg/kg bw per day for 3-MCPD and its fatty acid esters and was considered protective also for effects on male fertility. The established TDI of 2 μg/kg bw per day is not exceeded in the adult population. A slight exceedance of the TDI was observed in the high consumers of the younger age groups and in particular for the scenarios on infants receiving formula only.
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Braeuning A, Oberemm A, Görte J, Böhmert L, Juling S, Lampen A. Comparative proteomic analysis of silver nanoparticle effects in human liver and intestinal cells. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 38:638-648. [PMID: 29218775 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Consumers are orally exposed to nanoparticulate or soluble species of the non-essential element silver due to its use in food contact materials or as a food additive. Potential toxicity of silver nanoparticles has gained special scientific attention. A fraction of ingested ionic or particulate silver is taken up in the intestine and transported to the liver, where it may induce oxidative stress and elicit subsequent adverse responses. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of global proteomic changes induced in human Hep G2 hepatocarcinoma cells by different concentrations of AgPURE silver nanoparticles or by corresponding concentrations of ionic silver. Bioinformatic analysis of proteomic data confirms and substantiates previous findings on silver-induced alterations related to redox stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, intermediary metabolism, inflammatory responses, posttranslational protein modification and other cellular parameters. Similarities between the effects exerted by the two silver species are in line with the assumption that silver ions released from nanoparticles substantially contribute to their toxicity. Moreover, a comparative bioinformatic evaluation of proteomic effects in hepatic and intestinal cells exerted either by silver nanoparticles or bionic silver is presented. Our results show that, despite remarkable differences at the level of affected proteins in the different cell lines, highly similar biological consequences, corresponding to previous in vivo findings, can be deduced by applying appropriate bioinformatic data mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Braeuning
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Oberemm
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josephine Görte
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Linda Böhmert
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Juling
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
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27
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Juling S, Niedzwiecka A, Böhmert L, Lichtenstein D, Selve S, Braeuning A, Thünemann AF, Krause E, Lampen A. Protein Corona Analysis of Silver Nanoparticles Links to Their Cellular Effects. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:4020-4034. [PMID: 28929768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The breadth of applications of nanoparticles and the access to food-associated consumer products containing nanosized materials lead to oral human exposure to such particles. In biological fluids nanoparticles dynamically interact with biomolecules and form a protein corona. Knowledge about the protein corona is of great interest for understanding the molecular effects of particles as well as their fate inside the human body. We used a mass spectrometry-based toxicoproteomics approach to elucidate mechanisms of toxicity of silver nanoparticles and to comprehensively characterize the protein corona formed around silver nanoparticles in Caco-2 human intestinal epithelial cells. Results were compared with respect to the cellular function of proteins either affected by exposure to nanoparticles or present in the protein corona. A transcriptomic data set was included in the analyses in order to obtain a combined multiomics view of nanoparticle-affected cellular processes. A relationship between corona proteins and the proteomic or transcriptomic responses was revealed, showing that differentially regulated proteins or transcripts were engaged in the same cellular signaling pathways. Protein corona analyses of nanoparticles in cells might therefore help in obtaining information about the molecular consequences of nanoparticle treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Juling
- BfR, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alicia Niedzwiecka
- BfR, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Linda Böhmert
- BfR, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dajana Lichtenstein
- BfR, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sören Selve
- Technical University Berlin, ZE Electronmicroscopy , Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- BfR, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas F Thünemann
- BAM, German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing , Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eberhard Krause
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology , Robert-Roessle Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- BfR, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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Comparative analysis of transcriptomic responses to repeated-dose exposure to 2-MCPD and 3-MCPD in rat kidney, liver and testis. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 106:36-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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29
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Oxidative inactivation of the endogenous antioxidant protein DJ-1 by the food contaminants 3-MCPD and 2-MCPD. Arch Toxicol 2017; 92:289-299. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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30
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Lanthanum chloride precipitation-based toxicoproteomic analysis of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol toxicity in rat kidney reveals involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:3247-3260. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-1959-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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31
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Comparative proteomic analysis of 2-MCPD- and 3-MCPD-induced heart toxicity in the rat. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:3145-3155. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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