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Guo X, Xu H, Seo JE. Application of HepaRG cells for genotoxicity assessment: a review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2024:1-24. [PMID: 38566478 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2024.2331956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
There has been growing interest in the use of human-derived metabolically competent cells for genotoxicity testing. The HepaRG cell line is considered one of the most promising cell models because it is TP53-proficient and retains many characteristics of primary human hepatocytes. In recent years, HepaRG cells, cultured in both a traditional two-dimensional (2D) format and as more advanced in-vivo-like 3D spheroids, have been employed in assays that measure different types of genetic toxicity endpoints, including DNA damage, mutations, and chromosomal damage. This review summarizes published studies that have used HepaRG cells for genotoxicity assessment, including cell model evaluation studies and risk assessment for various compounds. Both 2D and 3D HepaRG models can be adapted to several high-throughput genotoxicity assays, generating a large number of data points that facilitate quantitative benchmark concentration modeling. With further validation, HepaRG cells could serve as a unique, human-based new alternative methodology for in vitro genotoxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Guo
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Hannah Xu
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Ji-Eun Seo
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA
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Pelletier R, Bourdais A, Fabresse N, Ferron PJ, Morel I, Gicquel T, Le Daré B. In silico and in vitro metabolism studies of the new synthetic opiate AP-237 (bucinnazine) using bioinformatics tools. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:165-179. [PMID: 37839054 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03617-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The recent emergence of new synthetic opioids (NSOs) compounds in the illicit market is increasingly related to fatal cases. Identification and medical care of NSO intoxication cases are challenging, particularly due to high frequency of new products and extensive metabolism. As the study of NSO metabolism is crucial for the identification of these drugs in cases of intoxication, we aimed to investigate the metabolism of the piperazine NSO AP-237 (= bucinnazine). Two complementary approaches (in silico and in vitro) were used to identify putative AP-237 metabolites which could be used as consumption markers. In silico metabolism studies were realized by combining four open access softwares (MetaTrans, SyGMa, Glory X, Biotransformer 3.0). In vitro experiments were performed by incubating AP-237 (20 µM) in differentiated HepaRG cells during 0 h, 8 h, 24 h or 48 h. Cell supernatant were extracted and analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry and data were reprocessed using three strategies (MetGem, GNPS or Compound Discoverer®). A total of 28 phase I and six phase II metabolites was predicted in silico. Molecular networking identified seven putative phase I metabolites (m/z 203.154, m/z 247.180, m/z 271.180, two m/z 289.191 isomers, m/z 305.186, m/z 329.222), including four previously unknown metabolites. Overall, this cross-disciplinary approach with molecular networking on data acquired in vitro and in silico prediction enabled to propose relevant candidate as AP-237 consumption markers that could be added to mass spectrometry libraries to help diagnose intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Pelletier
- NuMeCan Institute (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRAE, UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1317, 35033, Rennes, France.
- Clinical and Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Rennes University Hospital, 35033, Rennes, France.
| | - Alexis Bourdais
- NuMeCan Institute (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRAE, UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1317, 35033, Rennes, France
| | - Nicolas Fabresse
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Toxicology, La Timone University Hospital, 264 rue Saint Pierre, 13385, Marseille Cedex 5, France
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Economic and Social Sciences of Health and Medical Information Processing, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre-Jean Ferron
- NuMeCan Institute (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRAE, UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1317, 35033, Rennes, France
| | - Isabelle Morel
- NuMeCan Institute (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRAE, UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1317, 35033, Rennes, France
- Clinical and Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Rennes University Hospital, 35033, Rennes, France
| | - Thomas Gicquel
- NuMeCan Institute (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRAE, UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1317, 35033, Rennes, France
- Clinical and Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Rennes University Hospital, 35033, Rennes, France
| | - Brendan Le Daré
- NuMeCan Institute (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRAE, UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1317, 35033, Rennes, France
- Pharmacy Department, Rennes University Hospital, 35033, Rennes, France
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Pelletier R, Le Daré B, Ferron PJ, Le Bouëdec D, Kernalléguen A, Morel I, Gicquel T. Use of innovative, cross-disciplinary in vitro, in silico and in vivo approaches to characterize the metabolism of chloro-alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (4-Cl-PVP). Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:671-683. [PMID: 36469093 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03427-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic cathinones constitute a family of new psychoactive substances, the consumption of which is increasingly worldwide. A lack of metabolic knowledge limits the detection of these compounds in cases of intoxication. Here, we used an innovative cross-disciplinary approach to study the metabolism of the newly emerging cathinone chloro-alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (4-Cl-PVP). Three complementary approaches (in silico, in vitro, and in vivo) were used to identify putative 4-Cl-PVP metabolites that could be used as additional consumption markers. The in silico approach used predictive software packages. Molecular networking was used as an innovative bioinformatics approach for re-processing high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry data acquired with both in vitro and in vivo samples. In vitro experiments were performed by incubating 4-Cl-PVP (20 µM) for four different durations with a metabolically competent human hepatic cell model (differentiated HepaRG cells). In vivo samples (blood and urine) were obtained from a patient known to have consumed 4-Cl-PVP. The in silico software predicted 17 putative metabolites, and molecular networking identified 10 metabolites in vitro. On admission to the intensive care unit, the patient's plasma and urine 4-Cl-PVP concentrations were, respectively, 34.4 and 1018.6 µg/L. An in vivo analysis identified the presence of five additional glucuronoconjugated 4-Cl-PVP derivatives in the urine. Our combination of a cross-disciplinary approach with molecular networking enabled the detection of 15 4-Cl-PVP metabolites, 10 of them had not previously been reported in the literature. Two metabolites appeared to be particular relevant candidate as 4-Cl-PVP consumption markers in cases of intoxication: hydroxy-4-Cl-PVP (m/z 282.1254) and dihydroxy-4-Cl-PVP (m/z 298.1204).
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Pelletier
- INSERM, INRAE, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France.
- Clinical and Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Rennes University Hospital, 35033, Rennes, France.
| | - Brendan Le Daré
- Clinical and Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Rennes University Hospital, 35033, Rennes, France
- Pharmacy, Rennes University Hospital, 35033, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre-Jean Ferron
- INSERM, INRAE, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Diane Le Bouëdec
- Clinical and Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Rennes University Hospital, 35033, Rennes, France
| | - Angéline Kernalléguen
- INSERM, INRAE, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Isabelle Morel
- INSERM, INRAE, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
- Clinical and Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Rennes University Hospital, 35033, Rennes, France
| | - Thomas Gicquel
- INSERM, INRAE, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
- Clinical and Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Rennes University Hospital, 35033, Rennes, France
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Vlach M, Coppens-Exandier H, Jamin A, Berchel M, Scaviner J, Chesné C, Montier T, Jaffrès PA, Corlu A, Loyer P. Liposome-Mediated Gene Transfer in Differentiated HepaRG™ Cells: Expression of Liver Specific Functions and Application to the Cytochrome P450 2D6 Expression. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233904. [PMID: 36497165 PMCID: PMC9737581 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to establish a procedure for gene delivery mediated by cationic liposomes in quiescent differentiated HepaRG™ human hepatoma cells. We first identified several cationic lipids promoting efficient gene transfer with low toxicity in actively dividing HepG2, HuH7, BC2 and progenitor HepaRG™ human hepatoma cells. The lipophosphoramidate Syn1-based nanovector, which allowed the highest transfection efficiencies of progenitor HepaRG™ cells, was next used to transfect differentiated HepaRG™ cells. Lipofection of these cells using Syn1-based liposome was poorly efficient most likely because the differentiated HepaRG™ cells are highly quiescent. Thus, we engineered the differentiated HepaRG™ Mitogenic medium supplement (ADD1001) that triggered robust proliferation of differentiated cells. Importantly, we characterized the phenotypical changes occurring during proliferation of differentiated HepaRG™ cells and demonstrated that mitogenic stimulation induced a partial and transient decrease in the expression levels of some liver specific functions followed by a fast recovery of the full differentiation status upon removal of the mitogens. Taking advantage of the proliferation of HepaRG™ cells, we defined lipofection conditions using Syn1-based liposomes allowing transient expression of the cytochrome P450 2D6, a phase I enzyme poorly expressed in HepaRG cells, which opens new means for drug metabolism studies in HepaRG™ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Vlach
- Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35000 Rennes, France
- Institut AGRO Rennes-Angers, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Hugo Coppens-Exandier
- Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35000 Rennes, France
- Biopredic International, F-35760 Saint Grégoire, France
| | - Agnès Jamin
- Biopredic International, F-35760 Saint Grégoire, France
| | - Mathieu Berchel
- Univ. Brest, CNRS, CEMCA, UMR 6521, F-29238 Brest, France
- Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-44035 Nantes, France
| | - Julien Scaviner
- Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35000 Rennes, France
- Biopredic International, F-35760 Saint Grégoire, France
| | | | - Tristan Montier
- Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-44035 Nantes, France
- Univ. Brest, INSERM, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB-GTCA, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Paul-Alain Jaffrès
- Univ. Brest, CNRS, CEMCA, UMR 6521, F-29238 Brest, France
- Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-44035 Nantes, France
| | - Anne Corlu
- Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35000 Rennes, France
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (P.L.); Tel.: +33-(02)-23233873 (P.L.)
| | - Pascal Loyer
- Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35000 Rennes, France
- Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-44035 Nantes, France
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (P.L.); Tel.: +33-(02)-23233873 (P.L.)
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A Transversal Approach Combining In Silico, In Vitro and In Vivo Models to Describe the Metabolism of the Receptor Interacting Protein 1 Kinase Inhibitor Sibiriline. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122665. [PMID: 36559159 PMCID: PMC9787481 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sibiriline is a novel drug inhibiting receptor-interacting protein 1 kinase (RIPK1) and necroptosis, a regulated form of cell death involved in several disease models. In this study, we aimed to investigate the metabolic fate of sibiriline in a cross-sectional manner using an in silico prediction, coupled with in vitro and in vivo experiments. In silico predictions were performed using GLORYx and Biotransformer 3.0 freeware; in vitro incubation was performed on differentiated human HepaRG cells, and in vivo experiments including a pharmacokinetic study were performed on mice treated with sibiriline. HepaRG culture supernatants and mice plasma samples were analyzed with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography, coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS). The molecular networking bioinformatics tool applied to LC-HRMS/MS data allowed us to visualize the sibiriline metabolism kinetics. Overall, 14 metabolites, mostly produced by Phase II transformations (glucuronidation and sulfation) were identified. These data provide initial reassurance regarding the toxicology of this new RIPK1 inhibitor, although further studies are required.
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Role of Mitochondrial Cytochrome P450 2E1 in Healthy and Diseased Liver. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020288. [PMID: 35053404 PMCID: PMC8774478 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is pivotal in hepatotoxicity induced by alcohol abuse and different xenobiotics. In this setting, CYP2E1 generates reactive metabolites inducing oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. In addition, this enzyme appears to play a role in the progression of obesity-related fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Indeed, increased CYP2E1 activity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is deemed to induce reactive oxygen species overproduction, which in turn triggers oxidative stress, necroinflammation and fibrosis. In 1997, Avadhani’s group reported for the first time the presence of CYP2E1 in rat liver mitochondria, and subsequent investigations by other groups confirmed that mitochondrial CYP2E1 (mtCYP2E1) could be found in different experimental models. In this review, we first recall the main features of CYP2E1 including its role in the biotransformation of endogenous and exogenous molecules, the regulation of its expression and activity and its involvement in different liver diseases. Then, we present the current knowledge on the physiological role of mtCYP2E1, its contribution to xenobiotic biotransformation as well as the mechanism and regulation of CYP2E1 targeting to mitochondria. Finally, we discuss experimental investigations suggesting that mtCYP2E1 could have a role in alcohol-associated liver disease, xenobiotic-induced hepatotoxicity and NAFLD.
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In vivo and in vitro α-amanitin metabolism studies using molecular networking. Toxicol Lett 2021; 346:1-6. [PMID: 33872745 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Amanitin poisonings are among the most life-threatening mushroom poisonings, and are mainly caused by the genus Amanita. Hepatotoxicity is the hallmark of amanitins, powerful toxins contained in these mushrooms, and can require liver transplant. Among amatoxins, α-amanitin is the most studied. However, the hypothesis of a possible metabolism of amanitins is still controversial in this pathophysiology. Therefore, there is a need of clarification using cutting-edge tools allowing metabolism study. Molecular network has emerged as powerful tool allowing metabolism study through organization and representation of untargeted tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data in a graphical form. The aim of this study is to investigate amanitin metabolism using molecular networking. In vivo (four positive amanitin urine samples) and in vitro (differentiated HepaRG cells supernatant incubated with α-amanitin 2 μM for 24 h) samples were extracted and analyzed by LC-HRMS/MS using a Q Exactive™ Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Using molecular networking on both in vitro and in vivo, we have demonstrated that α-amanitin does not undergo metabolism in human. Thus, we provide solid evidence that a possible production of amanitin metabolites cannot be involved in its toxicity pathways. These findings can help to settle the debate on amanitin metabolism and toxicity.
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Chen B, Sun D, Qin X, Gao XH. Screening and identification of potential biomarkers and therapeutic drugs in melanoma via integrated bioinformatics analysis. Invest New Drugs 2021; 39:928-948. [PMID: 33501609 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive malignant skin tumor with a high rate of metastasis and mortality. In this study, a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis was used to clarify the hub genes and potential drugs. Download the GSE3189, GSE22301, and GSE35388 microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), which contains a total of 33 normal samples and 67 melanoma samples. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) approach analyze DEGs based on the DAVID. Use STRING to construct protein-protein interaction network, and use MCODE and cytoHubba plug-ins in Cytoscape to perform module analysis and identified hub genes. Use Gene Expression Profile Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) to assess the prognosis of genes in tumors. Finally, use the Drug-Gene Interaction Database (DGIdb) to screen targeted drugs related to hub genes. A total of 140 overlapping DEGs were identified from the three microarray datasets, including 59 up-regulated DEGs and 81 down-regulated DEGs. GO enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs are mainly involved in the biological process such as positive regulation of gene expression, positive regulation of cell proliferation, positive regulation of MAP kinase activity, cell migration, and negative regulation of the apoptotic process. The cellular components are concentrated in the membrane, dendritic spine, the perinuclear region of cytoplasm, extracellular exosome, and membrane raft. Molecular functions include protein homodimerization activity, calmodulin-binding, transcription factor binding, protein binding, and cytoskeletal protein binding. KEGG pathway analysis shows that these DEGs are mainly related to protein digestion and absorption, PPAR signaling pathway, signaling pathways regulating stem cells' pluripotency, and Retinol metabolism. The 23 most closely related DEGs were identified from the PPI network and combined with the GEPIA prognostic analysis, CDH3, ESRP1, FGF2, GBP2, KCNN4, KIT, SEMA4D, and ZEB1 were selected as hub genes, which are considered to be associated with poor prognosis of melanoma closely related. Besides, ten related drugs that may have therapeutic effects on melanoma were also screened. These newly discovered genes and drugs provide new ideas for further research on melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Donghong Sun
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiuni Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xing-Hua Gao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.
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Le Daré B, Ferron PJ, Allard PM, Clément B, Morel I, Gicquel T. New insights into quetiapine metabolism using molecular networking. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19921. [PMID: 33199804 PMCID: PMC7669884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism is involved in both pharmacology and toxicology of most xenobiotics including drugs. Yet, visualization tools facilitating metabolism exploration are still underused, despite the availibility of pertinent bioinformatics solutions. Since molecular networking appears as a suitable tool to explore structurally related molecules, we aimed to investigate its interest in in vitro metabolism exploration. Quetiapine, a widely prescribed antipsychotic drug, undergoes well-described extensive metabolism, and is therefore an ideal candidate for such a proof of concept. Quetiapine was incubated in metabolically competent human liver cell models (HepaRG) for different times (0 h, 3 h, 8 h, 24 h) with or without cytochrom P450 (CYP) inhibitor (ketoconazole as CYP3A4/5 inhibitor and quinidine as CYP2D6 inhibitor), in order to study its metabolism kinetic and pathways. HepaRG culture supernatants were analyzed on an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS). Molecular networking approach on LC-HRMS/MS data allowed to quickly visualize the quetiapine metabolism kinetics and determine the major metabolic pathways (CYP3A4/5 and/or CYP2D6) involved in metabolite formation. In addition, two unknown putative metabolites have been detected. In vitro metabolite findings were confirmed in blood sample from a patient treated with quetiapine. This is the first report using LC-HRMS/MS untargeted screening and molecular networking to explore in vitro drug metabolism. Our data provide new evidences of the interest of molecular networking in drug metabolism exploration and allow our in vitro model consistency assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Le Daré
- INSERM, INRAE, CHU Rennes, Institut NuMeCan (Nutrition, Metabolism and Cancer), PREVITOX Network, Univ Rennes, 35033, Rennes, France. .,Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Rennes University Hospital, 35033, Rennes, France.
| | - Pierre-Jean Ferron
- INSERM, INRAE, CHU Rennes, Institut NuMeCan (Nutrition, Metabolism and Cancer), PREVITOX Network, Univ Rennes, 35033, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Allard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSW), University of Geneva, CMU, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Clément
- INSERM, INRAE, CHU Rennes, Institut NuMeCan (Nutrition, Metabolism and Cancer), PREVITOX Network, Univ Rennes, 35033, Rennes, France
| | - Isabelle Morel
- INSERM, INRAE, CHU Rennes, Institut NuMeCan (Nutrition, Metabolism and Cancer), PREVITOX Network, Univ Rennes, 35033, Rennes, France.,Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Rennes University Hospital, 35033, Rennes, France
| | - Thomas Gicquel
- INSERM, INRAE, CHU Rennes, Institut NuMeCan (Nutrition, Metabolism and Cancer), PREVITOX Network, Univ Rennes, 35033, Rennes, France.,Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Rennes University Hospital, 35033, Rennes, France
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Effects of vanadium (sodium metavanadate) and aflatoxin-B1 on cytochrome p450 activities, DNA damage and DNA methylation in human liver cell lines. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 70:105036. [PMID: 33164849 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.105036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium is considered as "possibly carcinogenic to humans" (V2O5, IARC Group 2B), yet uncertainties persist related to the toxicity mechanisms of the multiple forms of vanadium. Exposure to vanadium often co-occurs with other metals or with organic compounds that can be transformed by cytochrome p450 (CYP) enzymes into DNA-reactive carcinogens. Therefore, effects of a soluble form of vanadium (sodium metavanadate, NaVO3) and aflatoxin-B1 (AFB1) were tested separately and together, for induction of CYP activities, DNA damage (γH2AX and DNA alkaline unwinding assays), and DNA methylation changes (global genome and DNA repeats) in HepaRG or HepG2 liver cell lines. NaVO3 (≥ 2.3 μM) reduced CYP1A1 and CYP3A4 activities and induced DNA damage, butcaused important cell proliferation only in HepaRG cells. As a binary mixture, NaVO3 did not modify the effects of AFB1. There was no reproducible effect of NaVO3 (<21 μM) on DNA methylation in AluYb8, satellite-α, satellite-2, and by the luminometric methylation assay, but DNA methylation flow-cytometry signals in HepG2 cells (25-50 μM) increased at the G1 and G2 cell cycle phases. In conclusion, cell lines responded differently to NaVO3 supporting the importance of investigating more than one cell line, and a carcinogenic role of NaVO3 might reside at low concentrations by stimulating the proliferation of tumorigenic cells.
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Bai Y, Ma X. Chlorzoxazone exhibits neuroprotection against Alzheimer's disease by attenuating neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in vitro and in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106790. [PMID: 32795892 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a complex and an age-related brain disease, is induced by the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) and neuroinflammation. Chlorzoxazone (CZ) is a classical FDA-approved drug, and shows anti-inflammatory effects. However, up until now, its regulatory role in AD has not been investigated. Therefore, in this study we attempted to explore if CZ could be an effective therapeutic strategy for AD treatment. At first, the in vitro study was performed to mimic AD using Aβ. We found that Aβ caused p65 nuclear translocation in both primary microglial cells and astrocytes, which were, however, restrained by CZ treatments. Meanwhile, CZ incubation markedly decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Aβ deposition was also markedly reduced in glial cells treated with CZ. Importantly, we found that glial activation and its-related pro-inflammation induced by Aβ led to obvious neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, which were effectively attenuated by CZ pre-treatment in the isolated primary cortical neurons. Then, the in vivo study was performed using APP/PS1 mice with AD. Behavior tests showed that CZ administration effectively improved cognitive deficits in AD mice. Neuron death in hippocampus of AD mice was also inhibited by CZ. Aβ accumulation in brain was markedly decreased in CZ-treated AD mice. We finally found that hippocampal glial activation in AD mice was obviously blocked by CZ supplementation, along with remarkable decreases in TNF-α, IL-1β and p65 nuclear translocation. Together, these findings above demonstrated that CZ could inhibit glial activation and inflammatory response, contributing to the suppression of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Therefore, CZ may be an effective therapeutic strategy for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Bai
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin 719000, China
| | - Xinshun Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin 719000, China.
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Synthesis of Poly(Dimethylmalic Acid) Homo- and Copolymers to Produce Biodegradable Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery: Cell Uptake and Biocompatibility Evaluation in Human Heparg Hepatoma Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081705. [PMID: 32751402 PMCID: PMC7464256 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrophobic and amphiphilic derivatives of the biocompatible and biodegradable poly(dimethylmalic acid) (PdiMeMLA), varying by the nature of the lateral chains and the length of each block, respectively, have been synthesized by anionic ring-opening polymerization (aROP) of the corresponding monomers using an initiator/base system, which allowed for very good control over the (co)polymers' characteristics (molar masses, dispersity, nature of end-chains). Hydrophobic and core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) were then prepared by nanoprecipitation of hydrophobic homopolymers and amphiphilic block copolymers, respectively. Negatively charged NPs, showing hydrodynamic diameters (Dh) between 50 and 130 nm and narrow size distributions (0.08 < PDI < 0.22) depending on the (co)polymers nature, were obtained and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), zetametry, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Finally, the cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of the obtained NPs were evaluated in vitro using the hepatoma HepaRG cell line. Our results showed that both cytotoxicity and cellular uptake were influenced by the nature of the (co)polymer constituting the NPs.
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Non-oxidative ethanol metabolism in human hepatic cells in vitro: Involvement of uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9 in ethylglucuronide production. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 66:104842. [PMID: 32283135 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol is the most frequently psychoactive substance used in the world, leading to major public health problems with several millions of deaths attributed to alcohol consumption each year. Metabolism of ethanol occurs mainly in the liver via the predominant oxidative metabolism pathway involving phase I enzymes including alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH), cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1 and catalase. In a lesser extent, an alternative non-oxidative pathway also contributes to the metabolism of ethanol, which involves the uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) and sulfotransferase (SULT) phase II enzymes. Using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry, ethylglucuronide (EtG) and ethylsulfate (EtS) produced respectively by UGT and SULT conjugation and detected in various biological samples are direct markers of alcohol consumption. We report herein the efficient non-oxidative metabolic pathway of ethanol in human differentiated HepaRG cells compared to primary human hepatocytes (HH). We showed dose- and time-dependent production of EtS and EtG after ethanol (25 or 50 mM) treatment in culture media of differentiated HepaRG cells and HH and a significant induction of CYP2E1 mRNA expression upon acute ethanol exposure in HepaRG cells. These differentiated hepatoma cells thus represent a suitable in vitro human liver cell model to explore ethanol metabolism and more particularly EtG and EtS production. In addition, using recombinant HepG2 cells expressing different UGT1A genes, we found that UGT1A9 was the major UGT involved in ethanol glucuronidation.
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Vlach M, Quesnot N, Dubois-Pot-Schneider H, Ribault C, Verres Y, Petitjean K, Rauch C, Morel F, Robin MA, Corlu A, Loyer P. Cytochrome P450 1A1/2, 2B6 and 3A4 HepaRG Cell-Based Biosensors to Monitor Hepatocyte Differentiation, Drug Metabolism and Toxicity. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19102245. [PMID: 31096615 PMCID: PMC6567340 DOI: 10.3390/s19102245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Human hepatoma HepaRG cells express most drug metabolizing enzymes and constitute a pertinent in vitro alternative cell system to primary cultures of human hepatocytes in order to determine drug metabolism and evaluate the toxicity of xenobiotics. In this work, we established novel transgenic HepaRG cells transduced with lentiviruses encoding the reporter green fluorescent protein (GFP) transcriptionally regulated by promoter sequences of cytochromes P450 (CYP) 1A1/2, 2B6 and 3A4 genes. Here, we demonstrated that GFP-biosensor transgenes shared similar expression patterns with the corresponding endogenous CYP genes during proliferation and differentiation in HepaRG cells. Interestingly, differentiated hepatocyte-like HepaRG cells expressed GFP at higher levels than cholangiocyte-like cells. Despite weaker inductions of GFP expression compared to the strong increases in mRNA levels of endogenous genes, we also demonstrated that the biosensor transgenes were induced by prototypical drug inducers benzo(a)pyrene and phenobarbital. In addition, we used the differentiated biosensor HepaRG cells to evidence that pesticide mancozeb triggered selective cytotoxicity of hepatocyte-like cells. Our data demonstrate that these new biosensor HepaRG cells have potential applications in the field of chemicals safety evaluation and the assessment of drug hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Vlach
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.V.); (N.Q.); (C.R.); (Y.V.); (K.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Nicolas Quesnot
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.V.); (N.Q.); (C.R.); (Y.V.); (K.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.)
| | | | - Catherine Ribault
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.V.); (N.Q.); (C.R.); (Y.V.); (K.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Yann Verres
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.V.); (N.Q.); (C.R.); (Y.V.); (K.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Kilian Petitjean
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.V.); (N.Q.); (C.R.); (Y.V.); (K.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Claudine Rauch
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.V.); (N.Q.); (C.R.); (Y.V.); (K.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Fabrice Morel
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.V.); (N.Q.); (C.R.); (Y.V.); (K.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Marie-Anne Robin
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.V.); (N.Q.); (C.R.); (Y.V.); (K.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Anne Corlu
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.V.); (N.Q.); (C.R.); (Y.V.); (K.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Pascal Loyer
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.V.); (N.Q.); (C.R.); (Y.V.); (K.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)223233873; Fax: +33-(0)299540137
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Mezzasalma L, Harrisson S, Saba S, Loyer P, Coulembier O, Taton D. Bulk Organocatalytic Synthetic Access to Statistical Copolyesters from l-Lactide and ε-Caprolactone Using Benzoic Acid. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:1965-1974. [PMID: 30964279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of synthetic strategies to produce statistical copolymers based on l-lactide (l-LA) and ε-caprolactone (CL), denoted as P(LA- stat-CL), remains highly challenging in polymer chemistry. This is due to the differing reactivity of the two monomers during their ring-opening copolymerization (ROcP). Yet, P(LA- stat-CL) materials are highly sought after as they combine the properties of both polylactide (PLA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). Here, benzoic acid (BA), a naturally occurring, cheap, readily recyclable, and thermally stable weak acid, is shown to trigger the organocatalyzed ring-opening copolymerization (OROcP) of l-LA and CL under solvent-free conditions at 155 °C, in presence of various alcohols as initiators, with good control over molar masses and dispersities (1.11 < Đ < 1.35) of the resulting copolyesters. Various compositions can be achieved, and the formation of statistical compounds is shown through characterization by 1H, 13C, and diffusion ordered spectroscopy NMR spectroscopies and by differential scanning calorimetry, as well as through the determination of reactivity ratios ( rLA = 0.86, rCL = 0.86), using the visualization of the sum of squared residuals space method. Furthermore, this BA-OROcP process can be exploited to access metal-free PLA- b-P(LA- stat-CL)- b-PLA triblock copolymers, using a diol as an initiator. Finally, residual traces of BA remaining in P(LA- stat-CL) copolymers (<0.125 mol %) do not show any cytotoxicity toward hepatocyte-like HepaRG cells, demonstrating the safety of this organic catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mezzasalma
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Laboratory of Polymeric and Composites Materials , University of Mons , 23 Place du Parc , Mons B-7000 , Belgium.,Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO) , CNRS, ENSCBP University of Bordeaux, UMR 5629 , 16, av. Pey Berland , 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Simon Harrisson
- Laboratoire des IMRCP , Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, UMR 5623 , 118 route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Saad Saba
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241 , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Pascal Loyer
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241 , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Olivier Coulembier
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Laboratory of Polymeric and Composites Materials , University of Mons , 23 Place du Parc , Mons B-7000 , Belgium
| | - Daniel Taton
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO) , CNRS, ENSCBP University of Bordeaux, UMR 5629 , 16, av. Pey Berland , 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
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16
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Moins S, Loyer P, Odent J, Coulembier O. Preparation of a mimetic and degradable poly(ethylene glycol) by a non-eutectic mixture of organocatalysts (NEMO) via a one-pot two-step process. RSC Adv 2019; 9:40013-40016. [PMID: 35541396 PMCID: PMC9076182 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09781c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A one-pot, two-step method for the preparation of degradable PEG is here presented. The full process addresses the requirements imposed by green chemistry and involves the use of a single and nontoxic non-eutectic mixture of organocatalysts. The strategy relies on the polycondensation of PEG800 after its functionalization by bio-derived 5-membered γ-butyrolactone. A one-pot, two-step method for the preparation of degradable PEG is here presented.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Moins
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)
- University of Mons (UMons)
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - P. Loyer
- Inserm
- INRA
- Univ Rennes
- Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341
- F-35000 Rennes
| | - J. Odent
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)
- University of Mons (UMons)
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - O. Coulembier
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)
- University of Mons (UMons)
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
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17
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Tête A, Gallais I, Imran M, Chevanne M, Liamin M, Sparfel L, Bucher S, Burel A, Podechard N, Appenzeller BMR, Fromenty B, Grova N, Sergent O, Lagadic-Gossmann D. Mechanisms involved in the death of steatotic WIF-B9 hepatocytes co-exposed to benzo[a]pyrene and ethanol: a possible key role for xenobiotic metabolism and nitric oxide. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:323-337. [PMID: 30268890 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that co-exposing pre-steatotic hepatocytes to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a carcinogenic environmental pollutant, and ethanol, favored cell death. Here, the intracellular mechanisms underlying this toxicity were studied. Steatotic WIF-B9 hepatocytes, obtained by a 48h-supplementation with fatty acids, were then exposed to B[a]P/ethanol (10 nM/5 mM, respectively) for 5 days. Nitric oxide (NO) was demonstrated to be a pivotal player in the cell death caused by the co-exposure in steatotic hepatocytes. Indeed, by scavenging NO, CPTIO treatment of co-exposed steatotic cells prevented not only the increase in DNA damage and cell death, but also the decrease in the activity of CYP1, major cytochrome P450s of B[a]P metabolism. This would then lead to an elevation of B[a]P levels, thus possibly suggesting a long-lasting stimulation of the transcription factor AhR. Besides, as NO can react with superoxide anion to produce peroxynitrite, a highly oxidative compound, the use of FeTPPS to inhibit its formation indicated its participation in DNA damage and cell death, further highlighting the important role of NO. Finally, a possible key role for AhR was pointed out by using its antagonist, CH-223191. Indeed it prevented the elevation of ADH activity, known to participate to the ethanol production of ROS, notably superoxide anion. The transcription factor, NFκB, known to be activated by ROS, was shown to be involved in the increase in iNOS expression. Altogether, these data strongly suggested cooperative mechanistic interactions between B[a]P via AhR and ethanol via ROS production, to favor cell death in the context of prior steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Tête
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Isabelle Gallais
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Martine Chevanne
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Marie Liamin
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Lydie Sparfel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Simon Bucher
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, Inra, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) - UMR_S 1241, UMR_A 1341, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Agnès Burel
- Univ Rennes, Biosit - UMS 3480, US_S 018, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Normand Podechard
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Brice M R Appenzeller
- HBRU, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Bernard Fromenty
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, Inra, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) - UMR_S 1241, UMR_A 1341, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Nathalie Grova
- HBRU, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Odile Sergent
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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18
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Casajus H, Saba S, Vlach M, Vène E, Ribault C, Tranchimand S, Nugier-Chauvin C, Dubreucq E, Loyer P, Cammas-Marion S, Lepareur N. Cell Uptake and Biocompatibility of Nanoparticles Prepared from Poly(benzyl malate) (Co)polymers Obtained through Chemical and Enzymatic Polymerization in Human HepaRG Cells and Primary Macrophages. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1244. [PMID: 30961169 PMCID: PMC6401887 DOI: 10.3390/polym10111244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of drug-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) appears to be a suitable strategy for the prolonged plasma concentration of therapeutic payloads, higher bioavailability, and the reduction of side effects compared with classical chemotherapies. In most cases, NPs are prepared from (co)polymers obtained through chemical polymerization. However, procedures have been developed to synthesize some polymers via enzymatic polymerization in the absence of chemical initiators. The aim of this work was to compare the acute in vitro cytotoxicities and cell uptake of NPs prepared from poly(benzyl malate) (PMLABe) synthesized by chemical and enzymatic polymerization. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of eight PMLABe-based polymers. Corresponding NPs were produced, their cytotoxicity was studied in hepatoma HepaRG cells, and their uptake by primary macrophages and HepaRG cells was measured. In vitro cell viability evidenced a mild toxicity of the NPs only at high concentrations/densities of NPs in culture media. These data did not evidence a higher biocompatibility of the NPs prepared from enzymatic polymerization, and further demonstrated that chemical polymerization and the nanoprecipitation procedure led to biocompatible PMLABe-based NPs. In contrast, NPs produced from enzymatically synthesized polymers were more efficiently internalized than NPs produced from chemically synthesized polymers. The efficient uptake, combined with low cytotoxicity, indicate that PMLABe-based NPs are suitable nanovectors for drug delivery, deserving further evaluation in vivo to target either hepatocytes or resident liver macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Casajus
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Saad Saba
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Manuel Vlach
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Elise Vène
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Catherine Ribault
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Sylvain Tranchimand
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Caroline Nugier-Chauvin
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Eric Dubreucq
- Montpellier SupAgro, INRA, CIRAD, Univ Montpellier, UMR 1208 IATE, F-34060 Montpellier, France.
| | - Pascal Loyer
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Sandrine Cammas-Marion
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Nicolas Lepareur
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, F-35000 Rennes, France.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Eugène Marquis, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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