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Noorlander A, Wesseling S, Rietjens IMCM, van Ravenzwaay B. Predicting acute paraquat toxicity using physiologically based kinetic modelling incorporating in vitro active renal excretion via the OCT2 transporter. Toxicol Lett 2023; 388:30-39. [PMID: 37806368 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Including active renal excretion in physiologically based kinetic (PBK) models can improve their use in quantitative in vitro- in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE) as a new approach methodology (NAM) for predicting the acute toxicity of organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) substrates like paraquat (PQ). To realise this NAM, kinetic parameters Vmax and Km for in vitro OCT2 transport of PQ were obtained from the literature. Appropriate scaling factors were applied to translate the in vitro Vmax to an in vivo Vmax. in vitro cytotoxicity data were defined in the rat RLE-6TN and L2 cell lines and the human A549 cell line. The developed PQ PBK model was used to apply reverse dosimetry for QIVIVE translating the in vitro cytotoxicity concentration-response curves to predicted in vivo toxicity dose-response curves after which the lower and upper bound benchmark dose (BMD) for 50% lethality (BMDL50 and BMDU50) were derived by applying BMD analysis. Comparing the predictions to the in vivo reported LD50 values resulted in a conservative prediction for rat and a comparable prediction for human showing proof of principle on the inclusion of active renal excretion and prediction of PQ acute toxicity for the developed NAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Noorlander
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Sebastiaan Wesseling
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bennard van Ravenzwaay
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Cytochrome P450 isoforms contribution, plasma protein binding, toxicokinetics of enniatin A in rats and in vivo clearance prediction in humans. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 164:112988. [PMID: 35398446 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Emerging mycotoxins, such as enniatin A (ENNA), are becoming a worldwide concern owing to their presence in different types of food and feed. However, comprehensive toxicokinetic data that links intake, exposure and toxicological effects of ENNA has not been elucidated yet. Therefore, the present study investigated the in vitro (rat and human) and in vivo (rat) toxicokinetic properties of ENNA. Towards this, an easily applicable and sensitive bioanalytical method was developed and validated for the estimation of ENNA in rat plasma. ENNA exhibited high plasma protein binding (99%), high hepatic clearance and mainly underwent metabolism via CYP3A4 (74%). The in-house predicted hepatic clearance (54 mL/min/kg) and observed in vivo rat clearance (55 mL/min/kg) were comparable. The predicted in vivo human hepatic clearance was 18 mL/min/kg. ENNA underwent slow absorption (Tmax = 4 h) and rapid elimination following oral administration to rats. The absolute oral bioavailability was 47%. The toxicokinetic findings for ENNA from this study will help in designing and interpreting toxicological studies in rats. Besides, these findings could be used in physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model development for exposure predictions and risk assessment for ENNA in humans.
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Noorlander A, Zhang M, van Ravenzwaay B, Rietjens IMCM. Use of physiologically based kinetic modeling-facilitated reverse dosimetry to predict in vivo acute toxicity of tetrodotoxin in rodents. Toxicol Sci 2022; 187:127-138. [PMID: 35218365 PMCID: PMC9041554 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the ability of a new in vitro/in silico quantitative in vitro–in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE) methodology was assessed to predict the in vivo neurotoxicity of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in rodents. In vitro concentration–response data of TTX obtained in a multielectrode array assay with primary rat neonatal cortical cells and in an effect study with mouse neuro-2a cells were quantitatively extrapolated into in vivo dose–response data, using newly developed physiologically based kinetic (PBK) models for TTX in rats and mice. Incorporating a kidney compartment accounting for active renal excretion in the PBK models proved to be essential for its performance. To evaluate the predictions, QIVIVE-derived dose–response data were compared with in vivo data on neurotoxicity in rats and mice upon oral and parenteral dosing. The results revealed that for both rats and mice the predicted dose–response data matched the data from available in vivo studies well. It is concluded that PBK modeling-based reserve dosimetry of in vitro TTX effect data can adequately predict the in vivo neurotoxicity of TTX in rodents, providing a novel proof-of-principle for this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Noorlander
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, 6708 WE, the Netherlands
| | - Mengying Zhang
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, 6708 WE, the Netherlands
| | - Bennard van Ravenzwaay
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, 6708 WE, the Netherlands.,Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, Z 470, Ludwigshafen, 67056, Germany
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, 6708 WE, the Netherlands
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Henneberger L, Huchthausen J, Wojtysiak N, Escher BI. Quantitative In Vitro-to- In Vivo Extrapolation: Nominal versus Freely Dissolved Concentration. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1175-1182. [PMID: 33759508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Discussions are ongoing on which dose metric should be used for quantitative in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE) of in vitro bioassay data. The nominal concentration of the test chemicals is most commonly used and easily accessible, while the concentration freely dissolved in the assay medium is considered to better reflect the bioavailable concentration but is tedious to measure. The aim of this study was to elucidate how much QIVIVE results will differ when using either nominal or freely dissolved concentrations. QIVIVEnom and QIVIVEfree ratios, that is, the ratios of plasma concentrations divided by in vitro effect concentrations, were calculated for 10 pharmaceuticals using previously published nominal and freely dissolved effect concentrations for the activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and the activation of oxidative stress response. The QIVIVEnom ratios were higher than QIVIVEfree ratios by up to a factor of 60. The risk of in vivo effects was classified as being high or low for four chemicals using the QIVIVEnom and for three chemicals using QIVIVEfree ratios. Unambiguous classification was possible for nine chemicals by combining the QIVIVEnom or QIVIVEfree ratios with the respective specificity ratios (SRnom or SRfree) of the in vitro effect data, which helps to identify whether the specific effect was influenced by cytotoxicity. QIVIVEfree models should be preferred as they account for differences in bioavailability between in vitro and in vivo, but QIVIVEnom may still be useful for screening the effects of large numbers of chemicals because it is generally more conservative. The use of SR of the in vitro effect data as a second classification factor is recommended for QIVIVEnom and QIVIVEfree models because a clearer picture can be obtained with respect to the likelihood that a biological effect will occur and that it is not caused by nonspecific cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Henneberger
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Huchthausen
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Niklas Wojtysiak
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beate I Escher
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.,Environmental Toxicology, Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Algharably EAEH, Di Consiglio E, Testai E, Kreutz R, Gundert-Remy U. Prediction of the dose range for adverse neurological effects of amiodarone in patients from an in vitro toxicity test by in vitro-in vivo extrapolation. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1433-1442. [PMID: 33606068 PMCID: PMC8032623 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-02989-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic agent inducing adverse effects on the nervous system, among others. We applied physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling combined with benchmark dose modeling to predict, based on published in vitro data, the in vivo dose of amiodarone which may lead to adverse neurological effects in patients. We performed in vitro–in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) from concentrations measured in the cell lysate of a rat brain 3D cell model using a validated human PBPK model. Among the observed in vitro effects, inhibition of choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) was selected as a marker for neurotoxicity. By reverse dosimetry, we transformed the in vitro concentration–effect relationship into in vivo effective human doses, using the calculated in vitro area under the curve (AUC) of amiodarone as the pharmacokinetic metric. The upper benchmark dose (BMDU) was calculated and compared with clinical doses eliciting neurological adverse effects in patients. The AUCs in the in vitro brain cell culture after 14-day repeated dosing of nominal concentration equal to 1.25 and 2.5 µM amiodarone were 1.00 and 1.99 µg*h/mL, respectively. The BMDU was 385.4 mg for intravenous converted to 593 mg for oral application using the bioavailability factor of 0.65 as reported in the literature. The predicted dose compares well with neurotoxic doses in patients supporting the hypothesis that impaired ChAT activity may be related to the molecular/cellular mechanisms of amiodarone neurotoxicity. Our study shows that predicting effects from in vitro data together with IVIVE can be used at the initial stage for the evaluation of potential adverse drug reactions and safety assessment in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engi Abd El-Hady Algharably
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Emma Di Consiglio
- Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Environment and Health Department, Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Testai
- Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Environment and Health Department, Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Reinhold Kreutz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ursula Gundert-Remy
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Suparmi S, de Haan L, Spenkelink A, Louisse J, Beekmann K, Rietjens IMCM. Combining In Vitro Data and Physiologically Based Kinetic Modeling Facilitates Reverse Dosimetry to Define In Vivo Dose-Response Curves for Bixin- and Crocetin-Induced Activation of PPARγ in Humans. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1900880. [PMID: 31846197 PMCID: PMC7003908 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE It is investigated whether at realistic dietary intake bixin and crocetin could induce peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)-mediated gene expression in humans using a combined in vitro-in silico approach. METHODS AND RESULTS Concentration-response curves obtained from in vitro PPARγ-reporter gene assays are converted to in vivo dose-response curves using physiologically based kinetic modeling-facilitated reverse dosimetry, from which the benchmark dose levels resulting in a 50% effect above background level (BMD50 ) are predicted and subsequently compared to dietary exposure levels. Bixin and crocetin activated PPARγ-mediated gene transcription in a concentration-dependent manner with similar potencies. Due to differences in kinetics, the predicted BMD50 values for in vivo PPARγ activation are about 30-fold different, amounting to 115 and 3505 mg kg bw-1 for crocetin and bixin, respectively. Human dietary and/or supplemental estimated daily intakes may reach these BMD50 values for crocetin but not for bixin, pointing at better possibilities for in vivo PPARγ activation by crocetin. CONCLUSION Based on a combined in vitro-in silico approach, it is estimated whether at realistic dietary intakes plasma concentrations of bixin and crocetin are likely to reach concentrations that activate PPARγ-mediated gene expression, without the need for a human intervention study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suparmi Suparmi
- Division of ToxicologyWageningen University and ResearchStippeneng 4, 6708 WE WageningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Biology, Faculty of MedicineUniversitas Islam Sultan AgungJl. Raya Kaligawe KM 450112SemarangIndonesia
| | - Laura de Haan
- Division of ToxicologyWageningen University and ResearchStippeneng 4, 6708 WE WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Albertus Spenkelink
- Division of ToxicologyWageningen University and ResearchStippeneng 4, 6708 WE WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jochem Louisse
- Division of ToxicologyWageningen University and ResearchStippeneng 4, 6708 WE WageningenThe Netherlands
- Present address:
Wageningen Food Safety ResearchAkkermaalsbos 26708 WBWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Karsten Beekmann
- Division of ToxicologyWageningen University and ResearchStippeneng 4, 6708 WE WageningenThe Netherlands
- Present address:
Wageningen Food Safety ResearchAkkermaalsbos 26708 WBWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ivonne M. C. M. Rietjens
- Division of ToxicologyWageningen University and ResearchStippeneng 4, 6708 WE WageningenThe Netherlands
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Ning J, Chen L, Rietjens IM. Role of toxicokinetics and alternative testing strategies in pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity and risk assessment; state-of-the-art and future perspectives. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 131:110572. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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