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Zhao J, Ghallab A, Hassan R, Dooley S, Hengstler JG, Drasdo D. A liver digital twin for in silico testing of cellular and inter-cellular mechanisms in regeneration after drug-induced damage. iScience 2024; 27:108077. [PMID: 38371522 PMCID: PMC10869925 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This communication presents a mathematical mechanism-based model of the regenerating liver after drug-induced pericentral lobule damage resolving tissue microarchitecture. The consequence of alternative hypotheses about the interplay of different cell types on regeneration was simulated. Regeneration dynamics has been quantified by the size of the damage-induced dead cell area, the hepatocyte density and the spatial-temporal profile of the different cell types. We use deviations of observed trajectories from the simulated system to identify branching points, at which the systems behavior cannot be explained by the underlying set of hypotheses anymore. Our procedure reflects a successful strategy for generating a fully digital liver twin that, among others, permits to test perturbations from the molecular up to the tissue scale. The model simulations are complementing current knowledge on liver regeneration by identifying gaps in mechanistic relationships and guiding the system toward the most informative (lacking) parameters that can be experimentally addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieling Zhao
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
- Group SIMBIOTX, INRIA Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Ahmed Ghallab
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Reham Hassan
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Steven Dooley
- Molecular Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jan Georg Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dirk Drasdo
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
- Group SIMBIOTX, INRIA Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
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2
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Su H, Haque M, Becker S, Edlund K, Duda J, Wang Q, Reißing J, Marschall HU, Candels LS, Mohamed M, Sjöland W, Liao L, Drexler SA, Strowig T, Rahnenführer J, Hengstler JG, Hatting M, Trautwein C. Long-term hypercaloric diet exacerbates metabolic liver disease in PNPLA3 I148M animals. Liver Int 2023; 43:1699-1713. [PMID: 37073116 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health burden associated with the metabolic syndrome leading to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and ultimately liver cancer. In humans, the PNPLA3 I148M polymorphism of the phospholipase patatin-like phospholipid domain containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) has a well-documented impact on metabolic liver disease. In this study, we used a mouse model mimicking the human PNPLA3 I148M polymorphism in a long-term high fat diet (HFD) experiment to better define its role for NAFLD progression. METHODS Male mice bearing wild-type Pnpla3 (Pnpla3WT ), or the human polymorphism PNPLA3 I148M (Pnpla3148M/M ) were subjected to HFD feeding for 24 and 52 weeks. Further analysis concerning basic phenotype, inflammation, proliferation and cell death, fibrosis and microbiota were performed in each time point. RESULTS After 52 weeks HFD Pnpla3148M/M animals had more liver fibrosis, enhanced numbers of inflammatory cells as well as increased Kupffer cell activity. Increased hepatocyte cell turnover and ductular proliferation were evident in HFD Pnpla3148M/M livers. Microbiome diversity was decreased after HFD feeding, changes were influenced by HFD feeding (36%) and the PNPLA3 I148M genotype (12%). Pnpla3148M/M mice had more faecal bile acids. RNA-sequencing of liver tissue defined an HFD-associated signature, and a Pnpla3148M/M specific pattern, which suggests Kupffer cell and monocytes-derived macrophages as significant drivers of liver disease progression in Pnpla3148M/M animals. CONCLUSION With long-term HFD feeding, mice with the PNPLA3 I148M genotype show exacerbated NAFLD. This finding is linked to PNPLA3 I148M-specific changes in microbiota composition and liver gene expression showing a stronger inflammatory response leading to enhanced liver fibrosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Su
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Madhuri Haque
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Svea Becker
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karolina Edlund
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Julia Duda
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Qingbi Wang
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johanna Reißing
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena S Candels
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mohamed Mohamed
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Sjöland
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lijun Liao
- Department of Pain Management, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Stephan A Drexler
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Strowig
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Jan G Hengstler
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Maximilian Hatting
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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3
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Martinez-Lopez S, Angel-Gomis E, Sanchez-Ardid E, Pastor-Campos A, Picó J, Gomez-Hurtado I. The 3Rs in Experimental Liver Disease. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2357. [PMID: 37508134 PMCID: PMC10376896 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with cirrhosis present multiple physiological and immunological alterations that play a very important role in the development of clinically relevant secondary complications to the disease. Experimentation in animal models is essential to understand the pathogenesis of human diseases and, considering the high prevalence of liver disease worldwide, to understand the pathophysiology of disease progression and the molecular pathways involved, due to the complexity of the liver as an organ and its relationship with the rest of the organism. However, today there is a growing awareness about the sensitivity and suffering of animals, causing opposition to animal research among a minority in society and some scientists, but also about the attention to the welfare of laboratory animals since this has been built into regulations in most nations that conduct animal research. In 1959, Russell and Burch published the book "The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique", proposing that in those experiments where animals were necessary, everything possible should be done to try to replace them with non-sentient alternatives, to reduce to a minimum their number, and to refine experiments that are essential so that they caused the least amount of pain and distress. In this review, a comprehensive summary of the most widely used techniques to replace, reduce, and refine in experimental liver research is offered, to assess the advantages and weaknesses of available experimental liver disease models for researchers who are planning to perform animal studies in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Martinez-Lopez
- Instituto ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 Sant Joan, Spain
| | - Enrique Angel-Gomis
- Instituto ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 Sant Joan, Spain
| | - Elisabet Sanchez-Ardid
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Patología Digestiva, Institut de Recerca IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Pastor-Campos
- Oficina de Investigación Responsable, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Joanna Picó
- Instituto ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Isabel Gomez-Hurtado
- Instituto ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 Sant Joan, Spain
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Patil VS, Harish DR, Sampat GH, Roy S, Jalalpure SS, Khanal P, Gujarathi SS, Hegde HV. System Biology Investigation Revealed Lipopolysaccharide and Alcohol-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Resembled Hepatitis B Virus Immunobiology and Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11146. [PMID: 37446321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B infection caused by the hepatitis B virus is a life-threatening cause of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Researchers have produced multiple in vivo models for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and, currently, there are no specific laboratory animal models available to study HBV pathogenesis or immune response; nonetheless, their limitations prevent them from being used to study HBV pathogenesis, immune response, or therapeutic methods because HBV can only infect humans and chimpanzees. The current study is the first of its kind to identify a suitable chemically induced liver cirrhosis/HCC model that parallels HBV pathophysiology. Initially, data from the peer-reviewed literature and the GeneCards database were compiled to identify the genes that HBV and seven drugs (acetaminophen, isoniazid, alcohol, D-galactosamine, lipopolysaccharide, thioacetamide, and rifampicin) regulate. Functional enrichment analysis was performed in the STRING server. The network HBV/Chemical, genes, and pathways were constructed by Cytoscape 3.6.1. About 1546 genes were modulated by HBV, of which 25.2% and 17.6% of the genes were common for alcohol and lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis. In accordance with the enrichment analysis, HBV activates the signaling pathways for apoptosis, cell cycle, PI3K-Akt, TNF, JAK-STAT, MAPK, chemokines, NF-kappa B, and TGF-beta. In addition, alcohol and lipopolysaccharide significantly activated these pathways more than other chemicals, with higher gene counts and lower FDR scores. In conclusion, alcohol-induced hepatitis could be a suitable model to study chronic HBV infection and lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis for an acute inflammatory response to HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal S Patil
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Darasaguppe R Harish
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Ganesh H Sampat
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Subarna Roy
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Sunil S Jalalpure
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Pukar Khanal
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Swarup S Gujarathi
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Harsha V Hegde
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
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5
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Hazari Y, Urra H, Garcia Lopez VA, Diaz J, Tamburini G, Milani M, Pihan P, Durand S, Aprahamia F, Baxter R, Huang M, Dong XC, Vihinen H, Batista-Gonzalez A, Godoy P, Criollo A, Ratziu V, Foufelle F, Hengstler JG, Jokitalo E, Bailly-Maitre B, Maiers JL, Plate L, Kroemer G, Hetz C. The endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor IRE1 regulates collagen secretion through the enforcement of the proteostasis factor P4HB/PDIA1 contributing to liver damage and fibrosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.02.538835. [PMID: 37205565 PMCID: PMC10187203 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.02.538835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Collagen is one the most abundant proteins and the main cargo of the secretory pathway, contributing to hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis due to excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Here we investigated the possible contribution of the unfolded protein response, the main adaptive pathway that monitors and adjusts the protein production capacity at the endoplasmic reticulum, to collagen biogenesis and liver disease. Genetic ablation of the ER stress sensor IRE1 reduced liver damage and diminished collagen deposition in models of liver fibrosis triggered by carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) administration or by high fat diet. Proteomic and transcriptomic profiling identified the prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4HB, also known as PDIA1), which is known to be critical for collagen maturation, as a major IRE1-induced gene. Cell culture studies demonstrated that IRE1 deficiency results in collagen retention at the ER and altered secretion, a phenotype rescued by P4HB overexpression. Taken together, our results collectively establish a role of the IRE1/P4HB axis in the regulation of collagen production and its significance in the pathogenesis of various disease states.
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6
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Dichamp J, Cellière G, Ghallab A, Hassan R, Boissier N, Hofmann U, Reinders J, Sezgin S, Zühlke S, Hengstler JG, Drasdo D. In vitro to in vivo acetaminophen hepatotoxicity extrapolation using classical schemes, pharmacodynamic models and a multiscale spatial-temporal liver twin. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1049564. [PMID: 36815881 PMCID: PMC9932319 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1049564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro to in vivo extrapolation represents a critical challenge in toxicology. In this paper we explore extrapolation strategies for acetaminophen (APAP) based on mechanistic models, comparing classical (CL) homogeneous compartment pharmacodynamic (PD) models and a spatial-temporal (ST), multiscale digital twin model resolving liver microarchitecture at cellular resolution. The models integrate consensus detoxification reactions in each individual hepatocyte. We study the consequences of the two model types on the extrapolation and show in which cases these models perform better than the classical extrapolation strategy that is based either on the maximal drug concentration (Cmax) or the area under the pharmacokinetic curve (AUC) of the drug blood concentration. We find that an CL-model based on a well-mixed blood compartment is sufficient to correctly predict the in vivo toxicity from in vitro data. However, the ST-model that integrates more experimental information requires a change of at least one parameter to obtain the same prediction, indicating that spatial compartmentalization may indeed be an important factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Dichamp
- Group SIMBIOTX, INRIA Saclay-Île-de-France, Palaiseau, France,Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany,Group MAMBA, INRIA Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Ahmed Ghallab
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany,Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Reham Hassan
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany,Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Noemie Boissier
- Group SIMBIOTX, INRIA Saclay-Île-de-France, Palaiseau, France
| | - Ute Hofmann
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University of Tübingen, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joerg Reinders
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Selahaddin Sezgin
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zühlke
- Center for Mass Spectrometry (CMS), Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan G. Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dirk Drasdo
- Group SIMBIOTX, INRIA Saclay-Île-de-France, Palaiseau, France,Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany,Group MAMBA, INRIA Paris, Paris, France,*Correspondence: Dirk Drasdo,
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7
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Albadry M, Höpfl S, Ehteshamzad N, König M, Böttcher M, Neumann J, Lupp A, Dirsch O, Radde N, Christ B, Christ M, Schwen LO, Laue H, Klopfleisch R, Dahmen U. Periportal steatosis in mice affects distinct parameters of pericentral drug metabolism. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21825. [PMID: 36528753 PMCID: PMC9759570 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26483-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the impact of morphological disorders in distinct zones on metabolic zonation. It was described recently that periportal fibrosis did affect the expression of CYP proteins, a set of pericentrally located drug-metabolizing enzymes. Here, we investigated whether periportal steatosis might have a similar effect. Periportal steatosis was induced in C57BL6/J mice by feeding a high-fat diet with low methionine/choline content for either two or four weeks. Steatosis severity was quantified using image analysis. Triglycerides and CYP activity were quantified in photometric or fluorometric assay. The distribution of CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2D6, and CYP2E1 was visualized by immunohistochemistry. Pharmacokinetic parameters of test drugs were determined after injecting a drug cocktail (caffeine, codeine, and midazolam). The dietary model resulted in moderate to severe mixed steatosis confined to periportal and midzonal areas. Periportal steatosis did not affect the zonal distribution of CYP expression but the activity of selected CYPs was associated with steatosis severity. Caffeine elimination was accelerated by microvesicular steatosis, whereas midazolam elimination was delayed in macrovesicular steatosis. In summary, periportal steatosis affected parameters of pericentrally located drug metabolism. This observation calls for further investigations of the highly complex interrelationship between steatosis and drug metabolism and underlying signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Albadry
- grid.275559.90000 0000 8517 6224Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany ,grid.411775.10000 0004 0621 4712Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Sebastian Höpfl
- grid.5719.a0000 0004 1936 9713Institute for Systems Theory and Automatic Control, Faculty of Engineering Design, Production Engineering and Automotive Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nadia Ehteshamzad
- grid.275559.90000 0000 8517 6224Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias König
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Institute for Theoretical Biology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Böttcher
- MVZ Medizinische Labore Dessau Kassel GmbH, Bauhüttenstraße 6, 06847 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Jasna Neumann
- MVZ Medizinische Labore Dessau Kassel GmbH, Bauhüttenstraße 6, 06847 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Amelie Lupp
- grid.275559.90000 0000 8517 6224Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Olaf Dirsch
- grid.459629.50000 0004 0389 4214Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Nicole Radde
- grid.5719.a0000 0004 1936 9713Institute for Systems Theory and Automatic Control, Faculty of Engineering Design, Production Engineering and Automotive Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bruno Christ
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Cell Transplantation/Molecular Hepatology Lab, Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Madlen Christ
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Cell Transplantation/Molecular Hepatology Lab, Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lars Ole Schwen
- grid.428590.20000 0004 0496 8246Fraunhofer MEVIS, Max-Von-Laue-Str. 2, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Laue
- grid.428590.20000 0004 0496 8246Fraunhofer MEVIS, Max-Von-Laue-Str. 2, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Robert Klopfleisch
- grid.14095.390000 0000 9116 4836Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uta Dahmen
- grid.275559.90000 0000 8517 6224Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
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8
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Hamdy A. The role of albumin in compound transport: new possibilities by intravital imaging. EXCLI JOURNAL 2022; 21:1352-1353. [PMID: 36540674 PMCID: PMC9755509 DOI: 10.17179/excli2022-5641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amira Hamdy
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Amira Hamdy, Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt, E-mail:
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9
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Wehling L, Keegan L, Fernández-Palanca P, Hassan R, Ghallab A, Schmitt J, Tang Y, Le Marois M, Roessler S, Schirmacher P, Kummer U, Hengstler JG, Sahle S, Breuhahn K. Spatial modeling reveals nuclear phosphorylation and subcellular shuttling of YAP upon drug-induced liver injury. eLife 2022; 11:78540. [PMID: 36255405 PMCID: PMC9578710 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway controls cell proliferation and tissue regeneration via its transcriptional effectors yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ). The canonical pathway topology is characterized by sequential phosphorylation of kinases in the cytoplasm that defines the subcellular localization of YAP and TAZ. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling the nuclear/cytoplasmic shuttling dynamics of both factors under physiological and tissue-damaging conditions are poorly understood. By implementing experimental in vitro data, partial differential equation modeling, as well as automated image analysis, we demonstrate that nuclear phosphorylation contributes to differences between YAP and TAZ localization in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Treatment of hepatocyte-derived cells with hepatotoxic acetaminophen (APAP) induces a biphasic protein phosphorylation eventually leading to nuclear protein enrichment of YAP but not TAZ. APAP-dependent regulation of nuclear/cytoplasmic YAP shuttling is not an unspecific cellular response but relies on the sequential induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT, synonym: protein kinase B), as well as elevated nuclear interaction between YAP and AKT. Mouse experiments confirm this sequence of events illustrated by the expression of ROS-, AKT-, and YAP-specific gene signatures upon APAP administration. In summary, our data illustrate the importance of nuclear processes in the regulation of Hippo pathway activity. YAP and TAZ exhibit different shuttling dynamics, which explains distinct cellular responses of both factors under physiological and tissue-damaging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilija Wehling
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Modeling of Biological Processes, COS Heidelberg/BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Liam Keegan
- Department of Modeling of Biological Processes, COS Heidelberg/BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paula Fernández-Palanca
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Reham Hassan
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Department of Toxicology, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ghallab
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Department of Toxicology, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Jennifer Schmitt
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yingyue Tang
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maxime Le Marois
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Roessler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ursula Kummer
- Department of Modeling of Biological Processes, COS Heidelberg/BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Department of Toxicology, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sven Sahle
- Department of Modeling of Biological Processes, COS Heidelberg/BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Breuhahn
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Hassan R, González D, Hobloss Z, Brackhagen L, Myllys M, Friebel A, Seddek AL, Marchan R, Cramer B, Humpf HU, Hoehme S, Degen GH, Hengstler JG, Ghallab A. Inhibition of cytochrome P450 enhances the nephro- and hepatotoxicity of ochratoxin A. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:3349-3361. [PMID: 36227364 PMCID: PMC9584869 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) is a contaminant in food that causes nephrotoxicity and to a minor degree hepatotoxicity. Recently, we observed that OTA induces liver damage preferentially to the cytochrome P450 (CYP)-expressing pericentral lobular zone, similar to hepatotoxic substances known to be metabolically toxified by CYP, such as acetaminophen or carbon tetrachloride. To investigate whether CYP influences OTA toxicity, we used a single dose of OTA (7.5 mg/kg; intravenous) with and without pre-treatment with the pan CYP-inhibitor 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT) 2 h before OTA administration. Blood, urine, as well as liver and kidney tissue samples were collected 24 h after OTA administration for biochemical and histopathological analyses. Inhibition of CYPs by ABT strongly increased the nephro- and hepatotoxicity of OTA. The urinary kidney damage biomarkers kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were increased > 126-fold and > 20-fold, respectively, in mice treated with ABT and OTA compared to those receiving OTA alone. The blood biomarkers of liver damage, alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) both increased > 21- and 30-fold, respectively, when OTA was administered to ABT pre-treated mice compared to the effect of OTA alone. Histological analysis of the liver revealed a pericentral lobular damage induced by OTA despite CYP-inhibition by ABT. Administration of ABT alone caused no hepato- or nephrotoxicity. Overall, the results presented are compatible with a scenario where CYPs mediate the detoxification of OTA, yet the mechanisms responsible for the pericental liver damage pattern still remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Hassan
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Daniela González
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Zaynab Hobloss
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lisa Brackhagen
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Maiju Myllys
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Adrian Friebel
- Institute of Computer Science and Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Research (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Haertelstraße 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Abdel-Latif Seddek
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Rosemarie Marchan
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Benedikt Cramer
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Humpf
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Hoehme
- Institute of Computer Science and Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Research (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Haertelstraße 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gisela H Degen
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Ahmed Ghallab
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany. .,Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
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11
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Colchicine overdose impairs the capacity of Kupffer cells to clear foreign particles and endotoxins. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:3067-3076. [PMID: 36102954 PMCID: PMC9525399 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03353-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractColchicine is an anti-inflammatory drug with a narrow therapeutic index. Its binding to tubulin prevents microtubule polymerization; however, little is known about how depolymerization of microtubules interferes with the phagocytosis function of Kupffer cells (KC). Here, we applied functional intravital imaging techniques to investigate the influence of microtubule disruption by colchicine on KC morphology, as well as its capacity to clear foreign particles and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in anesthetized mice. Intravital imaging of KC in healthy mice showed the typical elongated morphology, localization at the luminal side of the sinusoidal endothelial cells, and moving cell protrusions. In contrast, at colchicine doses of 1 mg/kg and higher (intraperitoneal), KC appeared roundish with strongly reduced protrusions and motility. To study the functional consequences of these alterations, we analyzed the capacity of KC to phagocytose fluorescent nanospheres (100 nm-size) and LPS. After tail vein injection, the nanospheres formed aggregates of up to ~ 5 µm moving along the sinusoidal bloodstream. In controls, the nanosphere aggregates were rapidly captured by the Kupffer cell protrusions, followed by an internalization process that lasted up to 10 min. Similar capture events and internalization processes were observed after the administration of fluorescently labeled LPS. In contrast, capture and internalization of both nanospheres and LPS by KC were strongly reduced in colchicine-treated mice. Reduced phagocytosis of LPS was accompanied by aggravated production of inflammatory cytokines. Since 0.4 mg/kg colchicine in mice has been reported to be bio-equivalent to human therapeutic doses, the here-observed adverse effects on KC occurred at doses only slightly above those used clinically, and may be critical for patients with endotoxemia due to a leaky gut–blood barrier.
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Yang J, Gu J, Wang H, Shi J, Lu L, She W, Wang Y. Fc receptor-like 5 gene polymorphisms and mRNA expression are associated with liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:988464. [PMID: 36160227 PMCID: PMC9500477 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.988464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the associations of Fc receptor-like 5 (FCRL5) gene polymorphisms and mRNA expression with liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B (CHB).Methods: A total of 114 CHB patients with liver fibrosis and 120 CHB patients without liver fibrosis were selected for this study. The gender, age, body mass index (BMI), alanine transaminase (ALT) value, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) value, aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), and fibrosis index based on 4 factors (FIB-4) were recorded. Two polymorphisms of the FCRL5 gene (rs6427384 and rs6692977) were genotyped. The mRNA expression level of FCRL5 in peripheral blood monocytes was determined.Results: ALT, AST, APRI, and FIB-4 in patients with fibrosis were significantly higher than those in non-fibrosis patients. There was statistically significant difference between fibrosis and non-fibrosis groups in the genotype distribution (χ2 = 7.805, p = 0.020) and allele frequencies (χ2 = 13.252, p < 0.001) at FCRL5 rs6692977. When compared with CC genotype, the genotype CT or TT at rs6692977 was significantly associated with a increased risk of liver fibrosis in CHB patients (CT vs. CC: OR = 1.921, 95% CI = 1.093–3.375, p = 0.023; TT vs. CC: OR = 2.598, 95% CI = 1.067–6.324, p = 0.031). The mRNA relative expression levels of FCRL5 in patients with liver fibrosis were significantly higher than those in the non-fibrosis group (t = 13.456, p < 0.001). The fibrosis patients carried TT or CT genotype of rs6692977 had significantly higher FCRL5 mRNA expression levels than those carried CC genotype (t = 2.859, p = 0.005). The mRNA expression levels of FCRL5, APRI, and FIB-4 index showed predictive efficacy in liver fibrosis with cut-off values of 0.75 (AUC = 0.896, 95% CI = 0.856–0.935), 0.45 (AUC = 0.852, 95% CI = 0.802–0.902) and 1.84 (AUC = 0.765, 95% CI = 0.703–0.826), respectively.Conclusion: FCRL5 gene rs6692977 polymorphisms and mRNA expression levels are associated with liver fibrosis in CHB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Yang
- Department of Infection Management, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Juan Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Yancheng Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Yancheng, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Infection Management, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiayin Shi
- Department of Outpatient, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lingyun Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wanxian She
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Infection Management, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Wang,
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Brecklinghaus T, Albrecht W, Duda J, Kappenberg F, Gründler L, Edlund K, Marchan R, Ghallab A, Cadenas C, Rieck A, Vartak N, Tolosa L, Castell JV, Gardner I, Halilbasic E, Trauner M, Ullrich A, Zeigerer A, Demirci Turgunbayer Ö, Damm G, Seehofer D, Rahnenführer J, Hengstler JG. In vitro/in silico prediction of drug induced steatosis in relation to oral doses and blood concentrations by the Nile Red assay. Toxicol Lett 2022; 368:33-46. [PMID: 35963427 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of lipid droplets in hepatocytes is a key feature of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and can be induced by a subset of hepatotoxic compounds. In the present study, we optimized and evaluated an in vitro technique based on the fluorescent dye Nile Red, further named Nile Red assay to quantify lipid droplets induced by the exposure to chemicals. The Nile Red assay and a cytotoxicity test (CTB assay) were then performed on cells exposed concentration-dependently to 60 different compounds. Of these, 31 were known to induce hepatotoxicity in humans, and 13 were reported to also cause steatosis. In order to compare in vivo relevant blood concentrations, pharmacokinetic models were established for all compounds to simulate the maximal blood concentrations (Cmax) at therapeutic doses. The results showed that several hepatotoxic compounds induced an increase in lipid droplets at sub-cytotoxic concentrations. To compare how well (1) the cytotoxicity test alone, (2) the Nile Red assay alone, and (3) the combination of the cytotoxicity test and the Nile Red assay (based on the lower EC10 of both assays) allow the differentiation between hepatotoxic and non-hepatotoxic compounds, a previously established performance metric, the Toxicity Separation Index (TSI) was calculated. In addition, the Toxicity Estimation Index (TEI) was calculated to determine how well blood concentrations that cause an increased DILI risk can be estimated for hepatotoxic compounds. Our findings indicate that the combination of both assays improved the TSI and TEI compared to each assay alone. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that inclusion of the Nile Red assay into in vitro test batteries may improve the prediction of DILI compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Brecklinghaus
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Wiebke Albrecht
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Julia Duda
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Vogelpothsweg 87, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Franziska Kappenberg
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Vogelpothsweg 87, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lisa Gründler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Karolina Edlund
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Rosemarie Marchan
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ahmed Ghallab
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany; Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, 83523 Qena, Egypt
| | - Cristina Cadenas
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Adrian Rieck
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nachiket Vartak
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Laia Tolosa
- Experimental Hepatology Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - José V Castell
- Experimental Hepatology Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Biochemistry Department, University of Valencia and CIBEREHD
| | | | - Emina Halilbasic
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anett Ullrich
- Primacyt Cell Culture Technology GmbH, Schwerin, Germany
| | - Anja Zeigerer
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Özlem Demirci Turgunbayer
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dicle University, 21280, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Georg Damm
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Seehofer
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Rahnenführer
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Vogelpothsweg 87, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany.
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Hypoalbuminemia affects the spatio-temporal tissue distribution of ochratoxin A in liver and kidneys: consequences for organ toxicity. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2967-2981. [PMID: 35962801 PMCID: PMC9525345 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03361-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypoalbuminemia (HA) is frequently observed in systemic inflammatory diseases and in liver disease. However, the influence of HA on the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of compounds with high plasma albumin binding remained insufficiently studied. The ‘lack-of-delivery-concept’ postulates that HA leads to less carrier mediated uptake of albumin bound substances into hepatocytes and to less glomerular filtration; in contrast, the ‘concept-of-higher-free-fraction’ argues that increased concentrations of non-albumin bound compounds facilitate hepatocellular uptake and enhance glomerular filtration. To address this question, we performed intravital imaging on livers and kidneys of anesthetized mice to quantify the spatio-temporal tissue distribution of the mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) based on its auto-fluorescence in albumin knockout and wild-type mice. HA strongly enhanced the uptake of OTA from the sinusoidal blood into hepatocytes, followed by faster secretion into bile canaliculi. These toxicokinetic changes were associated with increased hepatotoxicity in heterozygous albumin knockout mice for which serum albumin was reduced to a similar extent as in patients with severe hypoalbuminemia. HA also led to a shorter half-life of OTA in renal capillaries, increased glomerular filtration, and to enhanced uptake of OTA into tubular epithelial cells. In conclusion, the results favor the ‘concept-of-higher-free-fraction’ in HA; accordingly, HA causes an increased tissue uptake of compounds with high albumin binding and increased organ toxicity. It should be studied if this concept can be generalized to all compounds with high plasma albumin binding that are substrates of hepatocyte and renal tubular epithelial cell carriers.
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Montanari NR, Ramírez R, Aggarwal A, van Buuren N, Doukas M, Moon C, Turner S, Diehl L, Li L, Debes JD, Feierbach B, Boonstra A. Multi-parametric analysis of human livers reveals variation in intrahepatic inflammation across phases of chronic hepatitis B infection. J Hepatol 2022; 77:332-343. [PMID: 35218813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic HBV is clinically categorized into 4 phases by a combination of serum HBV DNA levels, HBeAg status and alanine aminotransferase (ALT): immunotolerant (IT), immune-active (IA), inactive carrier (IC) and HBeAg-negative hepatitis (ENEG). Immune and virological measurements in the blood have proven useful but are insufficient to explain the interrelation between the immune system and the virus since immune dynamics differ in the blood and liver. Furthermore, the inflammatory response in the liver and parenchymal cells cannot be fully captured in blood. METHODS Immunological composition and transcriptional profiles of core needle liver-biopsies in chronic HBV phases were compared to those of healthy controls by multiplex immunofluorescence and RNA-sequencing (n = 37 and 78, respectively) analyses. RESULTS Irrespective of the phase-specific serological profiles, increased immune-gene expression and frequency was observed in chronic HBV compared to healthy livers. Greater transcriptomic deregulation was seen in IA and ENEG (172 vs. 243 DEGs) than in IT and IC (13 vs. 35 DEGs) livers. Interferon-stimulated genes, immune-activation and exhaustion genes (ICOS, CTLA4, PDCD1) together with chemokine genes (CXCL10, CXCL9) were significantly induced in IA and ENEG livers. Moreover, distinct immune profiles associated with ALT elevation and a more accentuated immune-exhaustion profile (CTLA4, TOX, SLAMF6, FOXP3) were observed in ENEG, which set it apart from the IA phase (LGALS9, PDCD1). Interestingly, all HBV phases showed downregulation of metabolic pathways vs. healthy livers (fatty and bile acid metabolism). Finally, increased leukocyte infiltrate correlated with serum ALT, but not with HBV DNA or viral proteins. CONCLUSION Our comprehensive multi-parametric analysis of human livers revealed distinct inflammatory profiles and pronounced differences in intrahepatic gene profiles across all chronic HBV phases in comparison to healthy liver. LAY SUMMARY Immunological studies on chronic HBV remain largely restricted to assessment of peripheral responses due to the limited access to the site of infection, the liver. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed livers from a well-defined cohort of patients with chronic HBV and uninfected controls with state-of-the-art techniques, and evaluated the differences in gene expression profiles and inflammation characteristics across distinct disease phases in patients with chronic HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noe Rico Montanari
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Michael Doukas
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Li Li
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Jose D Debes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Andre Boonstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Clinical Application of Induced Hepatocyte-like Cells Produced from Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Literature Review. Cells 2022; 11:cells11131998. [PMID: 35805080 PMCID: PMC9265349 DOI: 10.3390/cells11131998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, resulting in 1.3 million deaths annually. The vast majority of liver disease is caused by metabolic disease (i.e., NASH) and alcohol-induced hepatitis, and to a lesser extent by acute and chronic viral infection. Furthermore, multiple insults to the liver is becoming common due to the prevalence of metabolic and alcohol-related liver diseases. Despite this rising prevalence of liver disease, there are few treatment options: there are treatments for viral hepatitis C and there is vaccination for hepatitis B. Aside from the management of metabolic syndrome, no direct liver therapy has shown clinical efficacy for metabolic liver disease, there is very little for acute alcohol-induced liver disease, and liver transplantation remains the only effective treatment for late-stage liver disease. Traditional pharmacologic interventions have failed to appreciably impact the pathophysiology of alcohol-related liver disease or end-stage liver disease. The difficulties associated with developing liver-specific therapies result from three factors that are common to late-stage liver disease arising from any cause: hepatocyte injury, inflammation, and aberrant tissue healing. Hepatocyte injury results in tissue damage with inflammation, which sensitizes the liver to additional hepatocyte injury and stimulates hepatic stellate cells and aberrant tissue healing responses. In the setting of chronic liver insults, there is progressive scarring, the loss of hepatocyte function, and hemodynamic dysregulation. Regenerative strategies using hepatocyte-like cells that are manufactured from mesenchymal stromal cells may be able to correct this pathophysiology through multiple mechanisms of action. Preclinical studies support their effectiveness and recent clinical studies suggest that cell replacement therapy can be safe and effective in patients with liver disease for whom there is no other option.
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17
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Pakharukova MY, Zaparina O, Baginskaya NV, Mordvinov VA. Global changes in gene expression related to Opisthorchis felineus liver fluke infection reveal temporal heterogeneity of a mammalian host response. Food Waterborne Parasitol 2022; 27:e00159. [PMID: 35542180 PMCID: PMC9079687 DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2022.e00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The food-borne trematode Opisthorchis felineus colonizes bile ducts of the liver of fish-eating mammals including humans. Among chronically infected individuals, this opisthorchiasis involves hepatobiliary problems, including chronic inflammation, periductal fibrosis, biliary intraepithelial neoplasia, and even cholangiocarcinoma. Despite numerous studies at the pathomorphological level, the systemic response and cellular pathogenesis of these disorders are not well studied. To conduct in-depth research and to gain insights into the mechanism by which O. felineus infection causes precancerous liver lesions, we (i) applied a next-generation-sequencing–based technology (high-throughput mRNA sequencing) to identify differentially expressed genes in the liver of golden hamsters infected with O. felineus at 1 and 3 months postinfection and (ii) verified the most pronounced changes in gene expression by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. A total of 2151 genes were found to be differentially expressed between uninfected and infected hamsters (“infection” factor), whereas 371 genes were differentially expressed when we analyzed “time × infection” interaction. Cluster analysis revealed that sets of activated genes of cellular pathways were different between acute (1 month postinfection) and chronic (3 months postinfection) opisthorchiasis. This enriched KEGG pathways were “Cell adhesion molecules”, “Hippo signaling”, “ECM-receptor interaction”, “Cell cycle”, “TGF-beta”, and “P53 signaling”. Moreover, epithelial–mesenchymal transition was the most enriched (q-value = 2.2E-07) MSigDB hallmark in the set of differentially expressed genes of all O. felineus–infected animals. Transcriptomic data were supported by the results of western blotting and immunohistochemistry revealing the upregulation of vimentin, N-cadherin, and α-smooth muscle actin postinfection. Our data expand knowledge about global changes in gene expression in the O. felineus–infected host liver and contribute to understanding the biliary neoplasia associated with the liver fluke infection. A total of 2151 genes were found to be differentially expressed during the infection. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition was the most enriched process in the infected animals. Different pathways were activated between acute and chronic opisthorchiasis.
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Brecklinghaus T, Albrecht W, Kappenberg F, Duda J, Zhang M, Gardner I, Marchan R, Ghallab A, Turgunbayer ÖD, Rahnenführer J, Hengstler JG. Influence of bile acids on the cytotoxicity of chemicals in cultivated human hepatocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 81:105344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gamboa CM, Wang Y, Xu H, Kalemba K, Wondisford FE, Sabaawy HE. Optimized 3D Culture of Hepatic Cells for Liver Organoid Metabolic Assays. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123280. [PMID: 34943788 PMCID: PMC8699701 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is among the principal organs for glucose homeostasis and metabolism. Studies of liver metabolism are limited by the inability to expand primary hepatocytes in vitro while maintaining their metabolic functions. Human hepatic three-dimensional (3D) organoids have been established using defined factors, yet hepatic organoids from adult donors showed impaired expansion. We examined conditions to facilitate the expansion of adult donor-derived hepatic organoids (HepAOs) and HepG2 cells in organoid cultures (HepGOs) using combinations of growth factors and small molecules. The expansion dynamics, gluconeogenic and HNF4α expression, and albumin secretion are assessed. The conditions tested allow the generation of HepAOs and HepGOs in 3D cultures. Nevertheless, gluconeogenic gene expression varies greatly between conditions. The organoid expansion rates are limited when including the TGFβ inhibitor A8301, while are relatively higher with Forskolin (FSK) and Oncostatin M (OSM). Notably, expanded HepGOs grown in the optimized condition maintain detectable gluconeogenic expression in a spatiotemporal distribution at 8 weeks. We present optimized conditions by limiting A8301 and incorporating FSK and OSM to allow the expansion of HepAOs from adult donors and HepGOs with gluconeogenic competence. These models increase the repertoire of human hepatic cellular tools available for use in liver metabolic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Moya Gamboa
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Yujue Wang
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (Y.W.); (H.X.); (K.K.)
| | - Huiting Xu
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (Y.W.); (H.X.); (K.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Kalemba
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (Y.W.); (H.X.); (K.K.)
| | - Fredric E. Wondisford
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (Y.W.); (H.X.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence: (F.E.W.); (H.E.S.); Tel.: +1-732-235-9838 (F.E.W.); +1-732-235-8081 (H.E.S.)
| | - Hatem E. Sabaawy
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (Y.W.); (H.X.); (K.K.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, RBHS-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Correspondence: (F.E.W.); (H.E.S.); Tel.: +1-732-235-9838 (F.E.W.); +1-732-235-8081 (H.E.S.)
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20
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Brecklinghaus T, Albrecht W, Kappenberg F, Duda J, Vartak N, Edlund K, Marchan R, Ghallab A, Cadenas C, Günther G, Leist M, Zhang M, Gardner I, Reinders J, Russel FG, Foster AJ, Williams DP, Damle-Vartak A, Grandits M, Ecker G, Kittana N, Rahnenführer J, Hengstler JG. The hepatocyte export carrier inhibition assay improves the separation of hepatotoxic from non-hepatotoxic compounds. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 351:109728. [PMID: 34717914 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An in vitro/in silico method that determines the risk of human drug induced liver injury in relation to oral doses and blood concentrations of drugs was recently introduced. This method utilizes information on the maximal blood concentration (Cmax) for a specific dose of a test compound, which can be estimated using physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling, and a cytotoxicity test in cultured human hepatocytes. In the present study, we analyzed if the addition of an assay that measures the inhibition of bile acid export carriers, like BSEP and/or MRP2, to the existing method improves the differentiation of hepatotoxic and non-hepatotoxic compounds. Therefore, an export assay for 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate (CMFDA) was established. We tested 36 compounds in a concentration-dependent manner for which the risk of hepatotoxicity for specific oral doses and the capacity to inhibit hepatocyte export carriers are known. Compared to the CTB cytotoxicity test, substantially lower EC10 values were obtained using the CMFDA assay for several known BSEP and/or MRP2 inhibitors. To quantify if the addition of the CMFDA assay to our test system improves the overall separation of hepatotoxic from non-hepatotoxic compounds, the toxicity separation index (TSI) was calculated. We obtained a better TSI using the lower alert concentration from either the CMFDA or the CTB test (TSI: 0.886) compared to considering the CTB test alone (TSI: 0.775). In conclusion, the data show that integration of the CMFDA assay with an in vitro test battery improves the differentiation of hepatotoxic and non-hepatotoxic compounds in a set of compounds that includes bile acid export carrier inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Brecklinghaus
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Wiebke Albrecht
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Franziska Kappenberg
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Vogelpothsweg 87, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Julia Duda
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Vogelpothsweg 87, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nachiket Vartak
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Karolina Edlund
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Rosemarie Marchan
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ahmed Ghallab
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany; Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, 83523, Qena, Egypt
| | - Cristina Cadenas
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Georgia Günther
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marcel Leist
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, PO Box M657, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Mian Zhang
- Simcyp (A Certara Company), Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Jörg Reinders
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Frans Gm Russel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alison J Foster
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic P Williams
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Amruta Damle-Vartak
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany; Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Grandits
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Althanstraße 14, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Ecker
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Althanstraße 14, Vienna, Austria
| | - Naim Kittana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, PO Box 7, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Jörg Rahnenführer
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Vogelpothsweg 87, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
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21
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The human hepatocyte TXG-MAPr: gene co-expression network modules to support mechanism-based risk assessment. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3745-3775. [PMID: 34626214 PMCID: PMC8536636 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03141-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mechanism-based risk assessment is urged to advance and fully permeate into current safety assessment practices, possibly at early phases of drug safety testing. Toxicogenomics is a promising source of mechanisms-revealing data, but interpretative analysis tools specific for the testing systems (e.g. hepatocytes) are lacking. In this study, we present the TXG-MAPr webtool (available at https://txg-mapr.eu/WGCNA_PHH/TGGATEs_PHH/ ), an R-Shiny-based implementation of weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) obtained from the Primary Human Hepatocytes (PHH) TG-GATEs dataset. The 398 gene co-expression networks (modules) were annotated with functional information (pathway enrichment, transcription factor) to reveal their mechanistic interpretation. Several well-known stress response pathways were captured in the modules, were perturbed by specific stressors and showed preservation in rat systems (rat primary hepatocytes and rat in vivo liver), with the exception of DNA damage and oxidative stress responses. A subset of 87 well-annotated and preserved modules was used to evaluate mechanisms of toxicity of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress inducers, including cyclosporine A, tunicamycin and acetaminophen. In addition, module responses can be calculated from external datasets obtained with different hepatocyte cells and platforms, including targeted RNA-seq data, therefore, imputing biological responses from a limited gene set. As another application, donors' sensitivity towards tunicamycin was investigated with the TXG-MAPr, identifying higher basal level of intrinsic immune response in donors with pre-existing liver pathology. In conclusion, we demonstrated that gene co-expression analysis coupled to an interactive visualization environment, the TXG-MAPr, is a promising approach to achieve mechanistic relevant, cross-species and cross-platform evaluation of toxicogenomic data.
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22
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Ghallab A, Myllys M, Friebel A, Duda J, Edlund K, Halilbasic E, Vucur M, Hobloss Z, Brackhagen L, Begher-Tibbe B, Hassan R, Burke M, Genc E, Frohwein LJ, Hofmann U, Holland CH, González D, Keller M, Seddek AL, Abbas T, Mohammed ESI, Teufel A, Itzel T, Metzler S, Marchan R, Cadenas C, Watzl C, Nitsche MA, Kappenberg F, Luedde T, Longerich T, Rahnenführer J, Hoehme S, Trauner M, Hengstler JG. Spatio-Temporal Multiscale Analysis of Western Diet-Fed Mice Reveals a Translationally Relevant Sequence of Events during NAFLD Progression. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102516. [PMID: 34685496 PMCID: PMC8533774 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are required to define therapeutic targets, but detailed time-resolved studies to establish a sequence of events are lacking. Here, we fed male C57Bl/6N mice a Western or standard diet over 48 weeks. Multiscale time-resolved characterization was performed using RNA-seq, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, intravital imaging, and blood chemistry; the results were compared to human disease. Acetaminophen toxicity and ammonia metabolism were additionally analyzed as functional readouts. We identified a sequence of eight key events: formation of lipid droplets; inflammatory foci; lipogranulomas; zonal reorganization; cell death and replacement proliferation; ductular reaction; fibrogenesis; and hepatocellular cancer. Functional changes included resistance to acetaminophen and altered nitrogen metabolism. The transcriptomic landscape was characterized by two large clusters of monotonously increasing or decreasing genes, and a smaller number of 'rest-and-jump genes' that initially remained unaltered but became differentially expressed only at week 12 or later. Approximately 30% of the genes altered in human NAFLD are also altered in the present mouse model and an increasing overlap with genes altered in human HCC occurred at weeks 30-48. In conclusion, the observed sequence of events recapitulates many features of human disease and offers a basis for the identification of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ghallab
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Department of Toxicology, Technical University Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (M.M.); (K.E.); (Z.H.); (L.B.); (B.B.-T.); (R.H.); (D.G.); (M.K.); (R.M.); (C.C.)
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (J.G.H.); Tel.: +49-0231-1084-356 (A.G.); +49-0231-1084-348 (J.G.H.)
| | - Maiju Myllys
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Department of Toxicology, Technical University Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (M.M.); (K.E.); (Z.H.); (L.B.); (B.B.-T.); (R.H.); (D.G.); (M.K.); (R.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Adrian Friebel
- Institute of Computer Science & Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Research (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Haertelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (A.F.); (S.H.)
| | - Julia Duda
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; (J.D.); (F.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Karolina Edlund
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Department of Toxicology, Technical University Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (M.M.); (K.E.); (Z.H.); (L.B.); (B.B.-T.); (R.H.); (D.G.); (M.K.); (R.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Emina Halilbasic
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.H.); (M.T.)
| | - Mihael Vucur
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty at Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital Duesseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany; (M.V.); (T.L.)
| | - Zaynab Hobloss
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Department of Toxicology, Technical University Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (M.M.); (K.E.); (Z.H.); (L.B.); (B.B.-T.); (R.H.); (D.G.); (M.K.); (R.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Lisa Brackhagen
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Department of Toxicology, Technical University Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (M.M.); (K.E.); (Z.H.); (L.B.); (B.B.-T.); (R.H.); (D.G.); (M.K.); (R.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Brigitte Begher-Tibbe
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Department of Toxicology, Technical University Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (M.M.); (K.E.); (Z.H.); (L.B.); (B.B.-T.); (R.H.); (D.G.); (M.K.); (R.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Reham Hassan
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Department of Toxicology, Technical University Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (M.M.); (K.E.); (Z.H.); (L.B.); (B.B.-T.); (R.H.); (D.G.); (M.K.); (R.M.); (C.C.)
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt;
| | - Michael Burke
- MRI Unit, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Technical University Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (M.B.); (E.G.)
| | - Erhan Genc
- MRI Unit, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Technical University Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (M.B.); (E.G.)
| | | | - Ute Hofmann
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Tübingen, Auerbachstr. 112, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Christian H. Holland
- Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, Bioquant—Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Daniela González
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Department of Toxicology, Technical University Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (M.M.); (K.E.); (Z.H.); (L.B.); (B.B.-T.); (R.H.); (D.G.); (M.K.); (R.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Magdalena Keller
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Department of Toxicology, Technical University Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (M.M.); (K.E.); (Z.H.); (L.B.); (B.B.-T.); (R.H.); (D.G.); (M.K.); (R.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Abdel-latif Seddek
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt;
| | - Tahany Abbas
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt;
| | - Elsayed S. I. Mohammed
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt;
| | - Andreas Teufel
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (A.T.); (T.I.)
| | - Timo Itzel
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (A.T.); (T.I.)
| | - Sarah Metzler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Department of Immunology, Technical University Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (S.M.); (C.W.)
| | - Rosemarie Marchan
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Department of Toxicology, Technical University Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (M.M.); (K.E.); (Z.H.); (L.B.); (B.B.-T.); (R.H.); (D.G.); (M.K.); (R.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Cristina Cadenas
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Department of Toxicology, Technical University Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (M.M.); (K.E.); (Z.H.); (L.B.); (B.B.-T.); (R.H.); (D.G.); (M.K.); (R.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Carsten Watzl
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Department of Immunology, Technical University Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (S.M.); (C.W.)
| | - Michael A. Nitsche
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Technical University Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany;
| | - Franziska Kappenberg
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; (J.D.); (F.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty at Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital Duesseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany; (M.V.); (T.L.)
| | - Thomas Longerich
- Translational Gastrointestinal Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Jörg Rahnenführer
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; (J.D.); (F.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Stefan Hoehme
- Institute of Computer Science & Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Research (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Haertelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (A.F.); (S.H.)
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.H.); (M.T.)
| | - Jan G. Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Department of Toxicology, Technical University Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (M.M.); (K.E.); (Z.H.); (L.B.); (B.B.-T.); (R.H.); (D.G.); (M.K.); (R.M.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (J.G.H.); Tel.: +49-0231-1084-356 (A.G.); +49-0231-1084-348 (J.G.H.)
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23
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Holland CH, Ramirez Flores RO, Myllys M, Hassan R, Edlund K, Hofmann U, Marchan R, Cadenas C, Reinders J, Hoehme S, Seddek AL, Dooley S, Keitel V, Godoy P, Begher-Tibbe B, Trautwein C, Rupp C, Mueller S, Longerich T, Hengstler JG, Saez-Rodriguez J, Ghallab A. Transcriptomic Cross-Species Analysis of Chronic Liver Disease Reveals Consistent Regulation Between Humans and Mice. Hepatol Commun 2021; 6:161-177. [PMID: 34558834 PMCID: PMC8710791 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse models are frequently used to study chronic liver diseases (CLDs). To assess their translational relevance, we quantified the similarity of commonly used mouse models to human CLDs based on transcriptome data. Gene‐expression data from 372 patients were compared with data from acute and chronic mouse models consisting of 227 mice, and additionally to nine published gene sets of chronic mouse models. Genes consistently altered in humans and mice were mapped to liver cell types based on single‐cell RNA‐sequencing data and validated by immunostaining. Considering the top differentially expressed genes, the similarity between humans and mice varied among the mouse models and depended on the period of damage induction. The highest recall (0.4) and precision (0.33) were observed for the model with 12‐months damage induction by CCl4 and by a Western diet, respectively. Genes consistently up‐regulated between the chronic CCl4 model and human CLDs were enriched in inflammatory and developmental processes, and mostly mapped to cholangiocytes, macrophages, and endothelial and mesenchymal cells. Down‐regulated genes were enriched in metabolic processes and mapped to hepatocytes. Immunostaining confirmed the regulation of selected genes and their cell type specificity. Genes that were up‐regulated in both acute and chronic models showed higher recall and precision with respect to human CLDs than exclusively acute or chronic genes. Conclusion: Similarly regulated genes in human and mouse CLDs were identified. Despite major interspecies differences, mouse models detected 40% of the genes significantly altered in human CLD. The translational relevance of individual genes can be assessed at https://saezlab.shinyapps.io/liverdiseaseatlas/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian H Holland
- Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Systems Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ricardo O Ramirez Flores
- Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maiju Myllys
- Systems Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Reham Hassan
- Systems Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Karolina Edlund
- Systems Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ute Hofmann
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rosemarie Marchan
- Systems Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Cristina Cadenas
- Systems Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jörg Reinders
- Systems Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefan Hoehme
- Institute for Computer Science & Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Abdel-Latif Seddek
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Verena Keitel
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty at Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patricio Godoy
- Systems Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Brigitte Begher-Tibbe
- Systems Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Rupp
- Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Mueller
- Salem Medical Center and Center for Alcohol Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Longerich
- Translational Gastrointestinal Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Systems Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ahmed Ghallab
- Systems Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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24
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Zaparina O, Rakhmetova AS, Kolosova NG, Cheng G, Mordvinov VA, Pakharukova MY. Antioxidants resveratrol and SkQ1 attenuate praziquantel adverse effects on the liver in Opisthorchis felineus infected hamsters. Acta Trop 2021; 220:105954. [PMID: 33979641 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Anthelmintic praziquantel (PZQ) is the drug of the choice for opisthorchiasis, schistosomiasis and other trematodiases therapy for several decades. Despite its good therapeutic performance and effective control of trematode infections, PZQ has some shortcomings; its inability to counteract disease sequelae necessitates novel therapeutic strategies. Testing of antioxidants that have proven themselves in clinical practice, in combination with this anthelmintic drug, offers new opportunities for developing alternatives to PZQ monotherapy. The effects of two antioxidants combined with PZQ on histological parameters of liver tissue were evaluated in a hamster model of opisthorchiasis felinea. Liver pathology including the parenchyma state, accumulation of neutral lipids and 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal as a lipid peroxidation product, biochemical characteristics of hamster blood serum, and mRNA expression of inflammation- and fibrogenesis-associated genes were determined. PZQ and opisthorchiasis caused liver accumulation of lipids and glycogen. The combination of PZQ with resveratrol (RSV) or 10-(6'-plastoquinonyl)decyltriphenylphosphonium (SkQ1) significantly reduced hepatocyte changes (P = 0.009 and P = 0.009, respectively, Mann-Whitney U test) as compared with infected hamsters treated only with PZQ. RSV and SkQ1 significantly reduced cholangiocyte hyperplasia, bile duct proliferation, fibrosis, and lipid droplet and glycogen granule accumulation. The downregulation of 4-hydroxynonenal was also observed. The combinations of the anthelmintic drug with antioxidants RSV and SkQ1 ameliorate host oxidative stress and mitigate adverse effects of PZQ on hepatic parenchyma. The use of drug combinations may improve the action of standard anthelmintic agents, such as PZQ, which still remains the most effective agent against adult trematodes.
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Rico Montanari N, Ramirez R, Van Buuren N, van den Bosch TPP, Doukas M, Debes JD, Feierbach B, Boonstra A. Transcriptomic analysis of livers of Inactive Carrier HBV patients with differential HBsAg. J Infect Dis 2021; 225:1081-1090. [PMID: 34279652 PMCID: PMC8921997 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactive Carrier phases in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection present minimal liver disease and HBV replication activity suggesting a partial immune-reconstitution although the mechanisms responsible remain elusive. Moreover, HBsAg production -hypothesized to modulate the immune response- is unaltered. Here, we assessed the intrahepatic transcriptome in Inactive Carrier patients vs healthy liver donors, also in the context of diverse HBsAg levels (serum and liver), to better understand the phenomenon of immune control. We found a de-regulated liver transcriptome in Inactive Carrier patients vs healthy controls despite normal liver function. Moreover, diverse HBsAg levels impacted minimally at the liver transcriptome in Inactive Carrier patients although gene correlation analysis revealed leukocyte activation, recruitment and innate responses genes to correlate with liver HBsAg levels. These findings provide more insight into the mechanisms underlying anti-HBV strategies that are currently under development aimed at interfering with HBsAg production or at inducing a state of immune control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noe Rico Montanari
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ricardo Ramirez
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA, 94494, USA
| | - Nick Van Buuren
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA, 94494, USA
| | | | - Michail Doukas
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jose D Debes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Becket Feierbach
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA, 94494, USA
| | - Andre Boonstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Assmann JC, Farthing DE, Saito K, Maglakelidze N, Oliver B, Warrick KA, Sourbier C, Ricketts CJ, Meyer TJ, Pavletic SZ, Linehan WM, Krishna MC, Gress RE, Buxbaum NP. Glycolytic metabolism of pathogenic T cells enables early detection of GVHD by 13C-MRI. Blood 2021; 137:126-137. [PMID: 32785680 PMCID: PMC7808015 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a prominent barrier to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT). Definitive diagnosis of GVHD is invasive, and biopsies of involved tissues pose a high risk of bleeding and infection. T cells are central to GVHD pathogenesis, and our previous studies in a chronic GVHD mouse model showed that alloreactive CD4+ T cells traffic to the target organs ahead of overt symptoms. Because increased glycolysis is an early feature of T-cell activation, we hypothesized that in vivo metabolic imaging of glycolysis would allow noninvasive detection of liver GVHD as activated CD4+ T cells traffic into the organ. Indeed, hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate magnetic resonance imaging detected high rates of conversion of pyruvate to lactate in the liver ahead of animals becoming symptomatic, but not during subsequent overt chronic GVHD. Concomitantly, CD4+ T effector memory cells, the predominant pathogenic CD4+ T-cell subset, were confirmed to be highly glycolytic by transcriptomic, protein, metabolite, and ex vivo metabolic activity analyses. Preliminary data from single-cell sequencing of circulating T cells in patients undergoing AHSCT also suggested that increased glycolysis may be a feature of incipient acute GVHD. Metabolic imaging is being increasingly used in the clinic and may be useful in the post-AHSCT setting for noninvasive early detection of GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Don E Farthing
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunotherapy Branch and
| | - Keita Saito
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | | | - Carole Sourbier
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | | | - Thomas J Meyer
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; and
| | - Steven Z Pavletic
- Immune Deficiency Cellular Therapy Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Murali C Krishna
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ronald E Gress
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunotherapy Branch and
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Moné MJ, Pallocca G, Escher SE, Exner T, Herzler M, Bennekou SH, Kamp H, Kroese ED, Leist M, Steger-Hartmann T, van de Water B. Setting the stage for next-generation risk assessment with non-animal approaches: the EU-ToxRisk project experience. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3581-3592. [PMID: 32886186 PMCID: PMC7502065 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02866-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In 2016, the European Commission launched the EU-ToxRisk research project to develop and promote animal-free approaches in toxicology. The 36 partners of this consortium used in vitro and in silico methods in the context of case studies (CSs). These CSs included both compounds with a highly defined target (e.g. mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitors) as well as compounds with poorly defined molecular initiation events (e.g. short-chain branched carboxylic acids). The initial project focus was on developing a science-based strategy for read-across (RAx) as an animal-free approach in chemical risk assessment. Moreover, seamless incorporation of new approach method (NAM) data into this process (= NAM-enhanced RAx) was explored. Here, the EU-ToxRisk consortium has collated its scientific and regulatory learnings from this particular project objective. For all CSs, a mechanistic hypothesis (in the form of an adverse outcome pathway) guided the safety evaluation. ADME data were generated from NAMs and used for comprehensive physiological-based kinetic modelling. Quality assurance and data management were optimized in parallel. Scientific and Regulatory Advisory Boards played a vital role in assessing the practical applicability of the new approaches. In a next step, external stakeholders evaluated the usefulness of NAMs in the context of RAx CSs for regulatory acceptance. For instance, the CSs were included in the OECD CS portfolio for the Integrated Approach to Testing and Assessment project. Feedback from regulators and other stakeholders was collected at several stages. Future chemical safety science projects can draw from this experience to implement systems toxicology-guided, animal-free next-generation risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Moné
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G Pallocca
- CAAT-Europe at the University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
| | - S E Escher
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - T Exner
- Edelweiss Connect GmbH, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Herzler
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - H Kamp
- BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - E D Kroese
- TNO Innovation for Life, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Leist
- CAAT-Europe at the University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany.
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated By the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation at the University of Konstanz, University of Konstanz, 78457, Constance, Germany.
| | - T Steger-Hartmann
- Investigational Toxicology, Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany
| | - B van de Water
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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28
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Abbas T, Murad W, Hassan R. Concomitant inflammation/metabolism transcriptional regulatory networks in liver disease. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:183-184. [PMID: 32194364 PMCID: PMC7068205 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tahany Abbas
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Walaa Murad
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Reham Hassan
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
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