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Clewell HJ, Fuchsman PC. Interspecies scaling of toxicity reference values in human health versus ecological risk assessments: A critical review. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2024; 20:749-764. [PMID: 37724480 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Risk assessments that focus on anthropogenic chemicals in environmental media-whether considering human health or ecological effects-often rely on toxicity data from experimentally studied species to estimate safe exposures for species that lack similar data. Current default extrapolation approaches used in both human health risk assessments and ecological risk assessments (ERAs) account for differences in body weight between the test organisms and the species of interest, but the two default approaches differ in important ways. Human health risk assessments currently employ a default based on body weight raised to the three-quarters power. Ecological risk assessments for wildlife (i.e., mammals and birds) are typically based directly on body weight, as measured in the test organism and receptor species. This review describes differences in the experimental data underlying these default practices and discusses the many factors that affect interspecies variability in chemical exposures. The interplay of these different factors can lead to substantial departures from default expectations. Alternative methodologies for conducting more accurate interspecies extrapolations in ERAs for wildlife are discussed, including tissue-based toxicity reference values, physiologically based toxicokinetic and/or toxicodynamic modeling, chemical read-across, and a system of categorical defaults based on route of exposure and toxic mode of action. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:749-764. © 2023 SETAC.
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Wardani I, Hazimah Mohamed Nor N, Wright SL, Kooter IM, Koelmans AA. Nano- and microplastic PBK modeling in the context of human exposure and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 186:108504. [PMID: 38537584 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Insufficient data on nano- and microplastics (NMP) hinder robust evaluation of their potential health risks. Methodological disparities and the absence of established toxicity thresholds impede the comparability and practical application of research findings. The diverse attributes of NMP, such as variations in sizes, shapes, and compositions, complicate human health risk assessment. Although probability density functions (PDFs) show promise in capturing this diversity, their integration into risk assessment frameworks is limited. Physiologically based kinetic (PBK) models offer a potential solution to bridge the gap between external exposure and internal dosimetry for risk evaluation. However, the heterogeneity of NMP poses challenges for accurate biodistribution modeling. A literature review, encompassing both experimental and modeling studies, was conducted to examine biodistribution studies of monodisperse micro- and nanoparticles. The literature search in PubMed and Scopus databases yielded 39 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Evaluation criteria were adapted from previous Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA-QC) studies, best practice guidelines from WHO (2010), OECD guidance (2021), and additional criteria specific to NMP risk assessment. Subsequently, a conceptual framework for a comprehensive NMP-PBK model was developed, addressing the multidimensionality of NMP particles. Parameters for an NMP-PBK model are presented. QA-QC evaluations revealed that most experimental studies scored relatively well (>0) in particle characterizations and environmental settings but fell short in criteria application for biodistribution modeling. The evaluation of modeling studies revealed that information regarding the model type and allometric scaling requires improvement. Three potential applications of PDFs in PBK modeling of NMP are identified: capturing the multidimensionality of the NMP continuum, quantifying the probabilistic definition of external exposure, and calculating the bio-accessibility fraction of NMP in the human body. A framework for an NMP-PBK model is proposed, integrating PDFs to enhance the assessment of NMP's impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Wardani
- Department of aquatic ecology and water quality management, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Stephanie L Wright
- Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Ingeborg M Kooter
- TNO, Princetonlaan 6-8, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert A Koelmans
- Department of aquatic ecology and water quality management, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands
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3
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Chen M, Du R, Zhang T, Li C, Bao W, Xin F, Hou S, Yang Q, Chen L, Wang Q, Zhu A. The Application of a Physiologically Based Toxicokinetic Model in Health Risk Assessment. TOXICS 2023; 11:874. [PMID: 37888724 PMCID: PMC10611306 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Toxicokinetics plays a crucial role in the health risk assessments of xenobiotics. Classical compartmental models are limited in their ability to determine chemical concentrations in specific organs or tissues, particularly target organs or tissues, and their limited interspecific and exposure route extrapolation hinders satisfactory health risk assessment. In contrast, physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) models quantitatively describe the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of chemicals across various exposure routes and doses in organisms, establishing correlations with toxic effects. Consequently, PBTK models serve as potent tools for extrapolation and provide a theoretical foundation for health risk assessment and management. This review outlines the construction and application of PBTK models in health risk assessment while analyzing their limitations and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Ruihu Du
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chutao Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Wenqiang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Fan Xin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Shaozhang Hou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Qiaomei Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital), Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital), Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Compatibility Toxicology, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, China
| | - An Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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Dabke A, Ghosh S, Dabke P, Sawant K, Khopade A. Revisiting the in-vitro and in-vivo considerations for in-silico modelling of complex injectable drug products. J Control Release 2023; 360:185-211. [PMID: 37353161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Complex injectable drug products (CIDPs) have often been developed to modulate the pharmacokinetics along with efficacy for therapeutic agents used for remediation of chronic disorders. The effective development of CIDPs has exhibited complex kinetics associated with multiphasic drug release from the prepared formulations. Consequently, predictability of pharmacokinetic modelling for such CIDPs has been difficult and there is need for advanced complex computational models for the establishment of accurate prediction models for in-vitro-in-vivo correlation (IVIVC). The computational modelling aims at supplementing the existing knowledge with mathematical equations to develop formulation strategies for generation of predictable and discriminatory IVIVC. Such an approach would help in reduction of the burden of effect of hidden factors on preclinical to clinical translations. Computational tools like physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) modelling have combined physicochemical and physiological properties along with IVIVC characteristics of clinically used formulations. Such techniques have helped in prediction and understanding of variability in pharmacodynamic parameters of potential generic products to clinically used formulations like Doxil®, Ambisome®, Abraxane® in healthy and diseased population using mathematical equations. The current review highlights the important formulation characteristics, in-vitro, preclinical in-vivo aspects which need to be considered while developing a stimulatory predictive PBPK model in establishment of an IVIVC and in-vitro-in-vivo relationship (IVIVR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Dabke
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390001, India; Formulation Research & Development- Biopharmaceutics, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Vadodara, Gujarat 390012, India
| | - Saikat Ghosh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390001, India
| | - Pallavi Dabke
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390001, India
| | - Krutika Sawant
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390001, India.
| | - Ajay Khopade
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390001, India; Formulation Research & Development- Novel Drug Delivery Systems, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Vadodara, Gujarat 390012, India.
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5
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Lin J, Chin SY, Tan SPF, Koh HC, Cheong EJY, Chan ECY, Chan JCY. Mechanistic Middle-Out Physiologically Based Toxicokinetic Modeling of Transporter-Dependent Disposition of Perfluorooctanoic Acid in Humans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:6825-6834. [PMID: 37072124 PMCID: PMC10157889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is an environmental toxicant exhibiting a years-long biological half-life (t1/2) in humans and is linked with adverse health effects. However, limited understanding of its toxicokinetics (TK) has obstructed the necessary risk assessment. Here, we constructed the first middle-out physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model to mechanistically explain the persistence of PFOA in humans. In vitro transporter kinetics were thoroughly characterized and scaled up to in vivo clearances using quantitative proteomics-based in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation. These data and physicochemical parameters of PFOA were used to parameterize our model. We uncovered a novel uptake transporter for PFOA, highly likely to be monocarboxylate transporter 1 which is ubiquitously expressed in body tissues and may mediate broad tissue penetration. Our model was able to recapitulate clinical data from a phase I dose-escalation trial and divergent half-lives from clinical trial and biomonitoring studies. Simulations and sensitivity analyses confirmed the importance of renal transporters in driving extensive PFOA reabsorption, reducing its clearance and augmenting its t1/2. Crucially, the inclusion of a hypothetical, saturable renal basolateral efflux transporter provided the first unified explanation for the divergent t1/2 of PFOA reported in clinical (116 days) versus biomonitoring studies (1.3-3.9 years). Efforts are underway to build PBTK models for other perfluoroalkyl substances using similar workflows to assess their TK profiles and facilitate risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieying Lin
- Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety (IFCS) Programme, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore 138671, Republic of Singapore
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos #06-06, Singapore 138648 , Republic of Singapore
| | - Sheng Yuan Chin
- Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety (IFCS) Programme, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore 138671, Republic of Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #01-02, Singapore 138669, Republic of Singapore
| | - Shawn Pei Feng Tan
- Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety (IFCS) Programme, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore 138671, Republic of Singapore
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos #06-06, Singapore 138648 , Republic of Singapore
| | - Hor Cheng Koh
- Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety (IFCS) Programme, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore 138671, Republic of Singapore
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos #06-06, Singapore 138648 , Republic of Singapore
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Eleanor Jing Yi Cheong
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos #06-06, Singapore 138648 , Republic of Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #01-02, Singapore 138669, Republic of Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety (IFCS) Programme, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore 138671, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - James Chun Yip Chan
- Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety (IFCS) Programme, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore 138671, Republic of Singapore
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos #06-06, Singapore 138648 , Republic of Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #01-02, Singapore 138669, Republic of Singapore
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Mitchell CA, Burden N, Bonnell M, Hecker M, Hutchinson TH, Jagla M, LaLone CA, Lagadic L, Lynn SG, Shore B, Song Y, Vliet SM, Wheeler JR, Embry MR. New Approach Methodologies for the Endocrine Activity Toolbox: Environmental Assessment for Fish and Amphibians. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:757-777. [PMID: 36789969 PMCID: PMC10258674 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multiple in vivo test guidelines focusing on the estrogen, androgen, thyroid, and steroidogenesis pathways have been developed and validated for mammals, amphibians, or fish. However, these tests are resource-intensive and often use a large number of laboratory animals. Developing alternatives for in vivo tests is consistent with the replacement, reduction, and refinement principles for animal welfare considerations, which are supported by increasing mandates to move toward an "animal-free" testing paradigm worldwide. New approach methodologies (NAMs) hold great promise to identify molecular, cellular, and tissue changes that can be used to predict effects reliably and more efficiently at the individual level (and potentially on populations) while reducing the number of animals used in (eco)toxicological testing for endocrine disruption. In a collaborative effort, experts from government, academia, and industry met in 2020 to discuss the current challenges of testing for endocrine activity assessment for fish and amphibians. Continuing this cross-sector initiative, our review focuses on the current state of the science regarding the use of NAMs to identify chemical-induced endocrine effects. The present study highlights the challenges of using NAMs for safety assessment and what work is needed to reduce their uncertainties and increase their acceptance in regulatory processes. We have reviewed the current NAMs available for endocrine activity assessment including in silico, in vitro, and eleutheroembryo models. New approach methodologies can be integrated as part of a weight-of-evidence approach for hazard or risk assessment using the adverse outcome pathway framework. The development and utilization of NAMs not only allows for replacement, reduction, and refinement of animal testing but can also provide robust and fit-for-purpose methods to identify chemicals acting via endocrine mechanisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:757-777. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalie Burden
- National Centre for the 3Rs (NC3Rs), London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Bonnell
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre and School of the Environment & Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | | | | | - Carlie A. LaLone
- Office of Research and Development, Great Lakes Toxicology & Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Laurent Lagadic
- Research and Development, Crop Science, Environmental Safety, Bayer, Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Scott G. Lynn
- Office of Pesticide Programs, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
| | - Bryon Shore
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - You Song
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sara M. Vliet
- Office of Research and Development, Scientific Computing and Data Curation Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota
| | | | - Michelle R. Embry
- The Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, USA
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7
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Cordes H, Rapp H. Gene expression databases for physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of humans and animal species. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2023; 12:311-319. [PMID: 36715173 PMCID: PMC10014062 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In drug research, developing a sound understanding of the key mechanistic drivers of pharmacokinetics (PK) for new molecular entities is essential for human PK and dose predictions. Here, characterizing the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) processes is crucial for a mechanistic understanding of the drug-target and drug-body interactions. Sufficient knowledge on ADME processes enables reliable interspecies and human PK estimations beyond allometric scaling. The physiologically based PK (PBPK) modeling framework allows the explicit consideration of organ-specific ADME processes. The sum of all passive and active ADME processes results in the observed plasma PK. Gene expression information can be used as surrogate for protein abundance and activity within PBPK models. The absolute and relative expression of ADME genes can differ between species and strains. This is affecting both, the PK and pharmacodynamics and is therefore posing a challenge for the extrapolation from preclinical findings to humans. We developed an automated workflow that generates whole-body gene expression databases for humans and other species relevant in drug development, animal health, nutritional sciences, and toxicology. Solely, bulk RNA-seq data curated and provided by the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics from healthy, normal, and untreated primary tissue samples were considered as an unbiased reference of normal gene expression. The databases are interoperable with the Open Systems Pharmacology Suite (PK-Sim and MoBi) and enable seamless access to a central source of curated cross-species gene expression data. This will increase data transparency, increase reliability and reproducibility of PBPK model simulations, and accelerate mechanistic PBPK model development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Cordes
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hermann Rapp
- Research Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
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Liu YH, Yao L, Huang Z, Zhang YY, Chen CE, Zhao JL, Ying GG. Enhanced prediction of internal concentrations of phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals and their metabolites in fish by a physiologically based toxicokinetic incorporating metabolism (PBTK-MT) model. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120290. [PMID: 36180004 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), and triclosan (TCS) are phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which are widely detected in aquatic environments and further bioaccumulated and metabolized in fish. Physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) models have been used to describe the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of parent compounds in fish, whereas the metabolites are less explored. In this study, a PBTK incorporating metabolism (PBTK-MT) model for BPA, 4-NP, and TCS was established to enhance the performance of the traditional PBTK model. The PBTK-MT model comprised 16 compartments, showing great accuracy in predicting the internal concentrations of three compounds and their glucuronidated and sulfated conjugates in fish. The impact of typical hepatic metabolism on the PBTK-MT model was successfully resolved by optimizing the mechanism for deriving the partition coefficients between the blood and liver. The PBTK-MT model exhibited a potential data gap-filling capacity for unknown parameters through a backward extrapolation approach of parameters. Model sensitivity analysis suggested that only five parameters were sensitive in at least two PBTK-MT models, while most parameters were insensitive. The PBTK-MT model will contribute to a well understanding of the environmental behavior and risks of pollutants in aquatic biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Hong Liu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment of Solid Waste, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Huang
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Er Chen
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Liang Zhao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
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Baier V, Paini A, Schaller S, Scanes CG, Bone AJ, Ebeling M, Preuss TG, Witt J, Heckmann D. A generic avian physiologically-based kinetic (PBK) model and its application in three bird species. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 169:107547. [PMID: 36179644 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Physiologically-based kinetic (PBK) models are effective tools for designing toxicological studies and conducting extrapolations to inform hazard characterization in risk assessment by filling data gaps and defining safe levels of chemicals. In the present work, a generic avian PBK model for male and female birds was developed using PK-Sim and MoBi from the Open Systems Pharmacology Suite (OSPS). The PBK model includes an ovulation model (egg development) to predict concentrations of chemicals in eggs from dietary exposure. The model was parametrized for chicken (Gallus gallus), bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) and mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and was tested with nine chemicals for which in vivo studies were available. Time-concentration profiles of chemicals reaching tissues and egg compartment were simulated and compared to in vivo data. The overall accuracy of the PBK model predictions across the analyzed chemicals was good. Model simulations were found to be in the range of 22-79% within a 3-fold and 41-89% were within 10- fold deviation of the in vivo observed data. However, for some compounds scarcity of in-vivo data and inconsistencies between published studies allowed only a limited goodness of fit evaluation. The generic avian PBK model was developed following a "best practice" workflow describing how to build a PBK model for novel species. The credibility and reproducibility of the avian PBK models were scored by evaluation according to the available guidance documents from WHO (2010), and OECD (2021), to increase applicability, confidence and acceptance of these in silico models in chemical risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Baier
- esqLABS GmbH, Hambierich 34, 26683 Saterland, Germany
| | - Alicia Paini
- esqLABS GmbH, Hambierich 34, 26683 Saterland, Germany
| | | | - Colin G Scanes
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States; Department of Biological Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Audrey J Bone
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO 63017, United States
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Baier V, Paini A, Schaller S, Scanes C, Bone A, Ebeling M, Preuss T, Witt J, Heckmann D. P17-13 Development and application of a generic avian physiologically-based kinetic (PBK) model for three bird species. Toxicol Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Larras F, Charles S, Chaumot A, Pelosi C, Le Gall M, Mamy L, Beaudouin R. A critical review of effect modeling for ecological risk assessment of plant protection products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:43448-43500. [PMID: 35391640 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A wide diversity of plant protection products (PPP) is used for crop protection leading to the contamination of soil, water, and air, which can have ecotoxicological impacts on living organisms. It is inconceivable to study the effects of each compound on each species from each compartment, experimental studies being time consuming and cost prohibitive, and animal testing having to be avoided. Therefore, numerous models are developed to assess PPP ecotoxicological effects. Our objective was to provide an overview of the modeling approaches enabling the assessment of PPP effects (including biopesticides) on the biota. Six categories of models were inventoried: (Q)SAR, DR and TKTD, population, multi-species, landscape, and mixture models. They were developed for various species (terrestrial and aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates, primary producers, micro-organisms) belonging to diverse environmental compartments, to address different goals (e.g., species sensitivity or PPP bioaccumulation assessment, ecosystem services protection). Among them, mechanistic models are increasingly recognized by EFSA for PPP regulatory risk assessment but, to date, remain not considered in notified guidance documents. The strengths and limits of the reviewed models are discussed together with improvement avenues (multigenerational effects, multiple biotic and abiotic stressors). This review also underlines a lack of model testing by means of field data and of sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. Accurate and robust modeling of PPP effects and other stressors on living organisms, from their application in the field to their functional consequences on the ecosystems at different scales of time and space, would help going toward a more sustainable management of the environment. Graphical Abstract Combination of the keyword lists composing the first bibliographic query. Columns were joined together with the logical operator AND. All keyword lists are available in Supplementary Information at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5775038 (Larras et al. 2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Larras
- INRAE, Directorate for Collective Scientific Assessment, Foresight and Advanced Studies, Paris, 75338, France
| | - Sandrine Charles
- University of Lyon, University Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5558, Laboratory of Biometry and Evolutionary Biology, Villeurbanne Cedex, 69622, France
| | - Arnaud Chaumot
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Ecotoxicology laboratory, Villeurbanne, F-69625, France
| | - Céline Pelosi
- Avignon University, INRAE, UMR EMMAH, Avignon, 84000, France
| | - Morgane Le Gall
- Ifremer, Information Scientifique et Technique, Bibliothèque La Pérouse, Plouzané, 29280, France
| | - Laure Mamy
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, Thiverval-Grignon, 78850, France
| | - Rémy Beaudouin
- Ineris, Experimental Toxicology and Modelling Unit, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Verneuil en Halatte, 65550, France.
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Abass K, Reponen P, Alsanie WF, Rautio A, Pelkonen O. Metabolic profiling and in vitro-in vivo extrapolation of furathiocarb in mammalian hepatic microsomes. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:750-758. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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13
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Tust M, Kohler M, Lagojda A, Lamshoeft M. Comparison of the in vitro assays to investigate the hepatic metabolism of seven pesticides in Cyprinus carpio and Oncorhynchus mykiss. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 277:130254. [PMID: 34384174 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Liver S9 fractions from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were incubated with seven pesticides (fenamidone, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, penflufen, spirotetramat, tebuconazole, tembotrione and trifloxystrobin) and the metabolic pathways of the applied chemicals were determined by HPLC-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Five of the seven pesticides (fenamidone, penflufen, spirotetramat, trifloxystrobin and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl) revealed a higher metabolic capacity of rainbow trout liver fractions compared to carp liver fractions. The other two pesticides (tebuconazole and tembotrione) showed a similar and marginal biotransformation for liver S9 fractions of both species. Furthermore, four compounds (penflufen, spirotetramat, tembotrione and tebuconazole) were incubated with cryo-preserved hepatocytes of rainbow trout showing additional conjugated metabolites compared to liver S9 fractions. The incubations were performed with concentrations of 1 and 10 μM for experiments with liver S9 fractions and 5 μM with hepatocytes for up to 120 (liver S9 fractions) or 240 min (hepatocytes). A set of positive controls was used to confirm the metabolic capability of the in vitro systems. The comparison of the in vitro results from hepatocyte assays of penflufen and tebuconazole with the data from corresponding in vivo studies performed according to OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) guideline 305 exhibited a similar metabolic behavior for these pesticides and emphasizes the reliability of the in vitro assays. Besides investigation of the metabolism of plant protection products for research purposes, inter-species comparison by in vitro assays and the use of PBTK modelling approaches will allow improved environmental and dietary risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Tust
- Bayer AG Division Crop Science, Alfred-Nobel-Strasse 50, 40789, Monheim, Germany.
| | - Maxie Kohler
- Bayer AG Division Crop Science, Alfred-Nobel-Strasse 50, 40789, Monheim, Germany.
| | - Andreas Lagojda
- Bayer AG Division Crop Science, Alfred-Nobel-Strasse 50, 40789, Monheim, Germany.
| | - Marc Lamshoeft
- Bayer AG Division Crop Science, Alfred-Nobel-Strasse 50, 40789, Monheim, Germany.
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Ayuso M, Buyssens L, Stroe M, Valenzuela A, Allegaert K, Smits A, Annaert P, Mulder A, Carpentier S, Van Ginneken C, Van Cruchten S. The Neonatal and Juvenile Pig in Pediatric Drug Discovery and Development. Pharmaceutics 2020; 13:44. [PMID: 33396805 PMCID: PMC7823749 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacotherapy in pediatric patients is challenging in view of the maturation of organ systems and processes that affect pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Especially for the youngest age groups and for pediatric-only indications, neonatal and juvenile animal models can be useful to assess drug safety and to better understand the mechanisms of diseases or conditions. In this respect, the use of neonatal and juvenile pigs in the field of pediatric drug discovery and development is promising, although still limited at this point. This review summarizes the comparative postnatal development of pigs and humans and discusses the advantages of the juvenile pig in view of developmental pharmacology, pediatric diseases, drug discovery and drug safety testing. Furthermore, limitations and unexplored aspects of this large animal model are covered. At this point in time, the potential of the neonatal and juvenile pig as nonclinical safety models for pediatric drug development is underexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Ayuso
- Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (L.B.); (M.S.); (A.V.); (C.V.G.)
| | - Laura Buyssens
- Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (L.B.); (M.S.); (A.V.); (C.V.G.)
| | - Marina Stroe
- Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (L.B.); (M.S.); (A.V.); (C.V.G.)
| | - Allan Valenzuela
- Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (L.B.); (M.S.); (A.V.); (C.V.G.)
| | - Karel Allegaert
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (K.A.); (P.A.)
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Smits
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals UZ Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Annaert
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (K.A.); (P.A.)
| | - Antonius Mulder
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Antwerp, 2650 Edegem, Belgium;
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Chris Van Ginneken
- Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (L.B.); (M.S.); (A.V.); (C.V.G.)
| | - Steven Van Cruchten
- Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (L.B.); (M.S.); (A.V.); (C.V.G.)
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