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Kurganovs NJ, Engedal N. To eat or not to eat: a critical review on the role of autophagy in prostate carcinogenesis and prostate cancer therapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1419806. [PMID: 38910881 PMCID: PMC11190189 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1419806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Around 1 in 7 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer during their lifetime. Many strides have been made in the understanding and treatment of this malignancy over the years, however, despite this; treatment resistance and disease progression remain major clinical concerns. Recent evidence indicate that autophagy can affect cancer formation, progression, and therapeutic resistance. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that can remove unnecessary or dysfunctional components of the cell as a response to metabolic or environmental stress. Due to the emerging importance of autophagy in cancer, targeting autophagy should be considered as a potential option in disease management. In this review, along with exploring the advances made on understanding the role of autophagy in prostate carcinogenesis and therapeutics, we will critically consider the conflicting evidence observed in the literature and suggest how to obtain stronger experimental evidence, as the application of current findings in clinical practice is presently not viable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Jayne Kurganovs
- Autophagy in Cancer Lab, Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nikolai Engedal
- Autophagy in Cancer Lab, Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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2
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Xu J, Elshazly AM, Gewirtz DA. The Cytoprotective, Cytotoxic and Nonprotective Functional Forms of Autophagy Induced by Microtubule Poisons in Tumor Cells—Implications for Autophagy Modulation as a Therapeutic Strategy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071632. [PMID: 35884937 PMCID: PMC9312878 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule poisons, as is the case with other antitumor drugs, routinely promote autophagy in tumor cells. However, the nature and function of the autophagy, in terms of whether it is cytoprotective, cytotoxic or nonprotective, cannot be predicted; this likely depends on both the type of drug studied as well as the tumor cell under investigation. In this article, we explore the literature relating to the spectrum of microtubule poisons and the nature of the autophagy induced. We further speculate as to whether autophagy inhibition could be a practical strategy for improving the response to cancer therapy involving these drugs that have microtubule function as a primary target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Ahmed M. Elshazly
- Massey Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College St., Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - David A. Gewirtz
- Massey Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College St., Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
- Correspondence:
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3
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Sheng W, Xu W, Ding J, Li L, You X, Wu Y, He Q. Curcumol inhibits the malignant progression of prostate cancer and regulates the PDK1/AKT/mTOR pathway by targeting miR‑9. Oncol Rep 2021; 46:246. [PMID: 34590156 PMCID: PMC8493056 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumol has been reported to exert anti-tumor activity, but its intrinsic molecular mechanism in prostate cancer remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of curcumol on prostate cancer and identify its possible internal regulatory pathway using in vitro cell culture and in vivo tumor model experiments. The cytotoxicity of curcumol was detected using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and it was found that curcumol had no obvious toxicity or side effects on RWPE-1 cells. Wound healing, Transwell and flow cytometry assays demonstrated that curcumol could affect the activity of PC3 cells. The luciferase reporter assay also indicated that microRNA (miR)-9 could directly target pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1). After PC3 cells were transfected with miR-9 inhibitor or treated with curcumol, the expression levels of the PDK1/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins [PDK1, phosphorylated (p)-AKT and p-mTOR] were increased or decreased, respectively. Next, the prostate cancer cell xenograft model was established. Tumor size and the expression levels of PDK1/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway-related factors were altered following treatment with curcumol. The in vitro and in vivo experiments collectively demonstrated that curcumol could inhibit the PDK1/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway by upregulating the expression level of miR-9. The present study found that curcumol regulates the PDK1/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway via miR-9 and affects the development of prostate cancer. These findings could provide a possible scientific insight for research into treatments for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Sheng
- Andrology Laboratory, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Dermatology Department, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410021, P.R. China
| | - Jin Ding
- Andrology Clinic, Shenzhen Baoan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518133, P.R. China
| | - Ling Li
- Medical Basic Teaching Experiment Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Xujun You
- Andrology Clinic, Shenzhen Baoan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518133, P.R. China
| | - Yongrong Wu
- Andrology Laboratory, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Qinghu He
- Andrology Laboratory, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
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4
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Oncolytic adenovirus carrying SPAG9-shRNA enhanced the efficacy of docetaxel for advanced prostate cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 33:142-148. [PMID: 34561997 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sperm-associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) is closely related to the growth and metastasis of advanced prostate cancer. Docetaxel (DTX) is the gold standard for chemotherapy of prostate cancer, but its side effects decrease the life quality of patients. Therefore, it is urgent to develop combination therapy to increase chemotherapy efficacy for advanced prostate cancer. METHODS Oncolytic adenovirus carrying a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting SPAG9 (ZD55-shSPAG9) was applied alone or in combination with docetaxel in prostate cancer cells. Cells were analyzed by cell counting kit-8, Hocehst-33258, transwell and western blot analysis. For in vivo experiments, nude mice were loaded with prostate cancer cells. RESULTS ZD55-shSPAG9 effectively silenced the expression of SPAG9 in prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The replication of ZD55-shSPAG9 in prostate cancer cells was not affected by docetaxel, but the combined use of ZD55-shSAPAG9 and docetaxel has a better inhibitory effect on tumor growth and invasion in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that the combined use of ZD55-shSPAG9 and docetaxel may be a new approach to the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
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5
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Robertson LP, Makwana V, Voser TM, Holland DC, Carroll AR. Leptanoine D, a New Quinoline Alkaloid from the Australian Tree Pitaviaster haplophyllus (Rutaceae). Aust J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/ch20125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
One new furoquinoline alkaloid, leptanoine D (1) and nine known alkaloids 2–10 were isolated from Pitaviaster haplophyllus. Leptanoine D (1) contains a typically unstable vinyl ether moiety and was structurally elucidated based on 2D NMR, (+)-HR-ESI-MS, and ECD data. The structures of the known furoquinoline alkaloids leptanoine A (11) and B (12) have also been revised. Compounds 1–10 were screened against three species of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli), however they showed no activity at the highest dose tested (32µg mL−1). The compounds were also evaluated for anti-proliferative action against PC-3 and WPMY-1 cells, with 7–9 displaying weak activity at 100μM.
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Coleman MM, Basdeo SA, Coleman AM, Cheallaigh CN, Peral de Castro C, McLaughlin AM, Dunne PJ, Harris J, Keane J. All-trans Retinoic Acid Augments Autophagy during Intracellular Bacterial Infection. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 59:548-556. [PMID: 29852080 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0382oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency strongly predicts the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) in individuals exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The burden of antibiotic-resistant TB is increasing globally; therefore, there is an urgent need to develop host-directed adjunctive therapies to treat TB. Alveolar macrophages, the niche cell for Mtb, metabolize vitamin A to all-trans retinoic acid (atRA), which influences host immune responses. We sought to determine the mechanistic effects of atRA on the host immune response to intracellular bacterial infection in primary human and murine macrophages. In this study, atRA promoted autophagy resulting in a reduced bacterial burden in human macrophages infected with Mtb and Bordetella pertussis, but not bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Autophagy is induced by cytosolic sensing of double-stranded DNA via the STING/TBK1/IRF3 axis; however, BCG is known to evade cytosolic DNA sensors. atRA enhanced colocalization of Mtb, but not BCG, with autophagic vesicles and acidified lysosomes. This enhancement was inhibited by blocking TBK1. Our data indicate that atRA augments the autophagy of intracellular bacteria that trigger cytosolic DNA-sensing pathways but does not affect bacteria that evade these sensors. The finding that BCG evades the beneficial effects of atRA has implications for vaccine design and global health nutritional supplementation strategies. The ability of atRA to promote autophagy and aid bacterial clearance of Mtb and B. pertussis highlights a potential role for atRA as a host-directed adjunctive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Coleman
- 1 Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, and.,2 School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; and
| | - Sharee A Basdeo
- 1 Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, and
| | - Amy M Coleman
- 1 Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, and
| | - Clíona Ní Cheallaigh
- 1 Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, and.,2 School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; and
| | - Celia Peral de Castro
- 2 School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; and
| | - Anne Marie McLaughlin
- 1 Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, and
| | - Padraic J Dunne
- 1 Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, and
| | - James Harris
- 2 School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; and.,3 Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joseph Keane
- 1 Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, and
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Chen Z, Jiang Q, Zhu P, Chen Y, Xie X, Du Z, Jiang L, Tang W. NPRL2 enhances autophagy and the resistance to Everolimus in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Prostate 2019; 79:44-53. [PMID: 30178500 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen permease regulator-like 2 (NPRL2) is reported to be a tumor suppressor candidate gene and involved in the mTOR signaling and drug resistance in several cancers. However, the role of NPRL2 in regulating the resistance to Everolimus (EVS), an inhibitor of the mTOR, in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is still unclear. Therefore, in present study, we evaluated the role of NPRL2 and its potential resistance to EVS in CRPC. METHODS NPRL2 expression levels in prostate tissues, including benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) tissues, primary prostate cancer (PCa) tissues, CRPC tissues, and several PCa cell lines (LNCaP, PC3, and enzalutamide-resistant LNCaP, named LNPER) were be evaluated by immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, and Western blot. Furthermore, we employed the loss or gain function of NPRL2 to determine the role of NPRL2 in regulating the proliferation, sensitivity to EVS, the mTOR signaling, autophagy in CRPC. Lastly, relationship between NPRL2 expression level and the efficacy of EVS were evaluated in mice tumor xenograft models. RESULTS NPRL2 expression level is upregulated in PCa, particularly in the CRPC. NPRL2 over-expression promoted the proliferation, resistance to EVS, and NPRL2 silencing inhibited proliferation, enhanced sensitivity to EVS in PC3 and LNPER cells. Moreover, NPRL2-silencing increased the activity of mTOR signaling, and the autophagy attenuation induced by NPRL2-silencing in EVS-treated CRPC cells was associated with the increase of apoptosis. In addition, the growth prevention of NPRL2-silencing LNPER tumors in mice induced by EVS-treatment was associated with the autophagy attenuation and apoptosis increase. CONCLUSIONS NPRL2 may act as a pro-growth factor in PCa. The high levels of NPRL2 expression in CRPC promote resistance to EVS by enhancing autophagy. NPRL2 may be a new therapeutic target for intervention of CRPC and a biomarker for predicting resistance to EVS in CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Qilong Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Pingyu Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College,, Nanchong, P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Xie
- Molecular and Pathological Diagnosis Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Zhongbo Du
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
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Cristofani R, Montagnani Marelli M, Cicardi ME, Fontana F, Marzagalli M, Limonta P, Poletti A, Moretti RM. Dual role of autophagy on docetaxel-sensitivity in prostate cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:889. [PMID: 30166521 PMCID: PMC6117300 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the leading causes of death in males. Available treatments often lead to the appearance of chemoresistant foci and metastases, with mechanisms still partially unknown. Within tumour mass, autophagy may promote cell survival by enhancing cancer cells tolerability to different cell stresses, like hypoxia, starvation or those triggered by chemotherapic agents. Because of its connection with the apoptotic pathways, autophagy has been differentially implicated, either as prodeath or prosurvival factor, in the appearance of more aggressive tumours. Here, in three PC cells (LNCaP, PC3, and DU145), we tested how different autophagy inducers modulate docetaxel-induced apoptosis. We selected the mTOR-independent disaccharide trehalose and the mTOR-dependent macrolide lactone rapamycin autophagy inducers. In castration-resistant PC (CRPC) PC3 cells, trehalose specifically prevented intrinsic apoptosis in docetaxel-treated cells. Trehalose reduced the release of cytochrome c triggered by docetaxel and the formation of aberrant mitochondria, possibly by enhancing the turnover of damaged mitochondria via autophagy (mitophagy). In fact, trehalose increased LC3 and p62 expression, LC3-II and p62 (p62 bodies) accumulation and the induction of LC3 puncta. In docetaxel-treated cells, trehalose, but not rapamycin, determined a perinuclear mitochondrial aggregation (mito-aggresomes), and mitochondria specifically colocalized with LC3 and p62-positive autophagosomes. In PC3 cells, rapamycin retained its ability to activate autophagy without evidences of mitophagy even in presence of docetaxel. Interestingly, these results were replicated in LNCaP cells, whereas trehalose and rapamycin did not modify the response to docetaxel in the ATG5-deficient (autophagy resistant) DU145 cells. Therefore, autophagy is involved to alter the response to chemotherapy in combination therapies and the response may be influenced by the different autophagic pathways utilized and by the type of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Cristofani
- Department of Excellence: Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Marina Montagnani Marelli
- Department of Excellence: Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Cicardi
- Department of Excellence: Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Fontana
- Department of Excellence: Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Marzagalli
- Department of Excellence: Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Limonta
- Department of Excellence: Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Angelo Poletti
- Department of Excellence: Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
| | - Roberta Manuela Moretti
- Department of Excellence: Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Spencer BH, McDermott CM, Chess-Williams R, Christie D, Anoopkumar-Dukie S. Prazosin but Not Tamsulosin Sensitises PC-3 and LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cells to Docetaxel. Pharmacology 2018; 102:10-18. [PMID: 29669348 DOI: 10.1159/000488713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Docetaxel is currently the first-line chemotherapeutic agent available for the treatment of patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa). While docetaxel has been shown to modestly improve survival times for patients; they also experience significant docetaxel-induced toxicities. If treatment failure occurs, there are currently limited alternatives that show survival benefits for patients and therefore there is an urgent need for adjunct therapies. Some quinazoline-based alpha1-adrenoceptor (ADR) antagonists have previously been shown to have cytotoxic actions in PCa cells, but there is no research into their effects on docetaxel-induced toxicity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if the quinazoline ADR, prazosin influenced the sensitivity of PCa cells to docetaxel in vitro. We hypothesised that prazosin, but not tamsulosin, in combination with docetaxel would possess synergistic cytotoxic actions on PC-3 and LNCaP PCa cells. METHODS PC-3 and -LNCaP cells were pre-treated (1 h) with prazosin (30 µmol/L) or tamsulosin (30 µmol/L), followed by docetaxel (12.5-100 μmol/L) for 24 h. Docetaxel-induced toxicity was measured in terms of changes in cell proliferation, autophagy, apoptosis and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). RESULTS Prazosin sensitised both cell lines (PC-3 and LNCaP) to docetaxel-induced toxicity. This effect appears to be mediated by autophagy and may also involve apoptosis. These sensitising effects of prazosin appear to be largely independent of ROS production. In contrast, tamsulosin did not affect docetaxel-induced toxicity. CONCLUSION We have shown for the first time that prazosin increases docetaxel-induced toxicity in PC-3 and LNCaP cells. Prazosin may therefore offer a viable treatment option in combination with docetaxel in metastatic PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briohny H Spencer
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Quality Use of Medicines Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, G40 Griffith Health Centre, Gold Coast campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Catherine M McDermott
- Centre for Urology Research, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Russ Chess-Williams
- Centre for Urology Research, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Christie
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Quality Use of Medicines Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Genesis Cancer Care, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Quality Use of Medicines Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, G40 Griffith Health Centre, Gold Coast campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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10
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Differences in statin associated neuroprotection corresponds with either decreased production of IL-1β or TNF-α in an in vitro model of neuroinflammation-induced neurodegeneration. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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11
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Zeng J, Liu W, Fan YZ, He DL, Li L. PrLZ increases prostate cancer docetaxel resistance by inhibiting LKB1/AMPK-mediated autophagy. Theranostics 2018; 8:109-123. [PMID: 29290796 PMCID: PMC5743463 DOI: 10.7150/thno.20356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Docetaxel-mediated chemotherapy is the first-line standard approach and has been determined to show a survival advantage for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. However, a substantial proportion of patients eventually becomes refractory due to drug resistance. The detailed mechanisms remain unclear. We have previously reported that Prostate Leucine Zipper (PrLZ), a specific oncogene of prostate cancer (PCa), promotes PCa cell growth at the castration-resistant stage, thus suggesting a vital role of PrLZ in the progression of CRPC. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of PrLZ in docetaxel resistance in PCa, focusing on PrLZ-regulating autophagy pathway. Methods: Human PCa PC3, LNCaP and C4-2 cell lines were used as the model system in vitro and PCa xenografts and PrLZ-knockout mice were used as the model system in vivo. Docetaxel-induced cell death and apoptosis in PCa were determined by MTT and flow cytometry assay. The role of PrLZ on the regulation of autophagy and liver kinase B1/AMP-activated protein kinase (LKB1/AMPK) signaling pathway was analyzed using immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, siRNA silencing and plasmid overexpression. Results: PrLZ increased docetaxel-mediated drug resistance both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic dissection revealed that PrLZ interacted with LKB1 and further inhibited the activation of LKB1/AMPK signals, which negatively contributed to the induction of autophagy. Moreover, PrLZ/LKB1-mediated autophagy conferred resistance to docetaxel-induced cell death and apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: These findings identify a novel role of PrLZ in autophagy manipulation and provide new insight into docetaxel chemoresistance in PCa, suggesting a new strategy for treating mCRPC by targeting this newly identified signaling pathway.
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12
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Ramos-Torres Á, Bort A, Morell C, Rodríguez-Henche N, Díaz-Laviada I. The pepper's natural ingredient capsaicin induces autophagy blockage in prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:1569-83. [PMID: 26625315 PMCID: PMC4811481 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin, the pungent ingredient of red hot chili peepers, has been shown to have anti-cancer activities in several cancer cells, including prostate cancer. Several molecular mechanisms have been proposed on its chemopreventive action, including ceramide accumulation, endoplasmic reticulum stress induction and NFκB inhibition. However, the precise mechanisms by which capsaicin exerts its anti-proliferative effect in prostate cancer cells remain questionable. Herein, we have tested the involvement of autophagy on the capsaicin mechanism of action on prostate cancer LNCaP and PC-3 cells. The results showed that capsaicin induced prostate cancer cell death in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, increased the levels of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II (LC3-II, a marker of autophagy) and the accumulation of the cargo protein p62 suggesting an autophagy blockage. Moreover, confocal microscopy revealed that capsaicin treatment increased lysosomes which co-localized with LC3 positive vesicles in a similar extent to that produced by the lysosomal protease inhibitors E64 and pepstatin pointing to an autophagolysosomes breakdown inhibition. Furthermore, we found that capsaicin triggered ROS generation in cells, while the levels of ROS decreased with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger. Co-treatment of cells with NAC and capsaicin abrogated the effects of capsaicin on autophagy and cell death. Normal prostate PNT2 and RWPE-1 cells were more resistant to capsaicin-induced cytotoxicity and did not accumulate p62 protein. Taken together, these results suggest that ROS-mediated capsaicin-induced autophagy blockage contributes to antiproliferation in prostate cancer cells, which provides new insights into the anticancer molecular mechanism of capsaicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágata Ramos-Torres
- Department of System Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, Alcala University, Alcala de Henares 28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Bort
- Department of System Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, Alcala University, Alcala de Henares 28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Morell
- Department of System Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, Alcala University, Alcala de Henares 28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nieves Rodríguez-Henche
- Department of System Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, Alcala University, Alcala de Henares 28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Díaz-Laviada
- Department of System Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, Alcala University, Alcala de Henares 28871, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Forbes A, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Chess-Williams R, McDermott C. Relative cytotoxic potencies and cell death mechanisms of α1 -adrenoceptor antagonists in prostate cancer cell lines. Prostate 2016; 76:757-66. [PMID: 26880388 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some α1 -adrenoceptor antagonists possess anti-cancer actions that are independent of α1 -adrenoceptors and the aim of these studies was to assess the relative cytotoxic potencies of α1 -adrenoceptor antagonists and the mechanisms involved in these actions. METHODS PC-3 and LNCap human prostate cancer cells were exposed to α1 -adrenoceptor antagonists (0.01-100 μM) and cell survival assessed after 24-72 hr. The levels of apoptosis, autophagy and stress related proteins were also determined. RESULTS The relative cytotoxic potency order was prazosin = doxazosin > terazosin = silodosin = alfuzosin > tamsulosin on both cell types, but LNCaP cells were significantly more sensitive to these effects than PC-3 cells. Prazosin and doxazosin increased levels of apoptotsis and autophagy in both cell lines, and activated EphA2 receptors in PC-3 cells. Autophagy contributed to survival of LNCaP, but promoted cell death in PC-3 cells. Treatment with prazosin (30 μM) altered the expression of several cell stress-related proteins: elevating phospho-p38α and reducing S6 kinase in both cell lines. Surprisingly some proteins were differentially affected in the two prostate cancer cell lines: Akt and p27 increasing and HIF-1α decreasing in LNCap cells but not PC-3, while ADAMTS1 was increased in PC-3 cells only. CONCLUSIONS Prazosin and doxazosin demonstrated cytotoxic actions on both castration-resistant PC-3 and androgen-sensitive LNCap prostate cancer cells. The mechanisms involved included changes in a number of proliferation and apoptosis regulatory proteins. The role of autophagy depended on the cell type, but contributed to cell death in PC3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Forbes
- Centre for Urology Research, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland Australia School of Pharmacy, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Russ Chess-Williams
- Centre for Urology Research, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Catherine McDermott
- Centre for Urology Research, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Queensland, Australia
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