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Souza TF, Ramos MV, Pierdoná TM, Rabelo LM, Vasconcelos MS, Carmo LD, Rangel GF, Paiva YT, Sousa ET, Figueiredo IS, Alencar NM. Wound tissue remodeling by latex exudate of Himatanthus drasticus: A plant species used in Brazilian folk medicine. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21843. [PMID: 38027902 PMCID: PMC10660522 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This work investigated the healing properties of proteins extracted of latex (HdLP) on excisional wounds. Cell toxicity of HdLP was investigated carried out in murine fibroblasts after incubation with HdLP (12.5-100 μg/ml). The dermal irritability test was performed to evaluate dermal reactions. The wounds were performed and treated with vehicle or HdLP (0.5 %, 1.0 %, and 2.0 %). The macroscopic parameters, histological analysis and measurement of inflammatory markers and mediators were evaluated. HdLP did not exhibit cytotoxicity and did not induce skin irritation. HdLP stimulated the release of IL-1β at the beginning of the inflammatory phase. This effect probably favored the earlier release of IL-10 by macrophages, during the proliferative phase. The shortening and completeness of healing were characterized by fibroblast proliferation and the presence of newly synthesized collagen fibers. This was accompanied by well-organized re-epithelialization. The involvement of latex proteins in this activity is reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamiris F.G. Souza
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Márcio V. Ramos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Taiana M. Pierdoná
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Liviane M.A. Rabelo
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Mirele S. Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceara (IFCE), Campus Baturité, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Luana D. Carmo
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Gisele F.P. Rangel
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Yuri T.C.N. Paiva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Emilia T. Sousa
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Nylane M.N. Alencar
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Salomé BMC, Santos AF, Ribeiro LM, de Azevedo IFP, Mercadante-Simões MO. Anastomosing laticifer in the primary and secondary structures of Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T.Aiton (Apocynaceae) stems. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:497-508. [PMID: 35804192 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01792-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An in-depth understanding of the development and distribution of laticifer (latex secretory structure) will be important for the production of both rubber and medicines and will support studies on plant adaptations to their environments. We characterize here and describe the ontogenesis of the laticifer sytem in Calotropis procera (Apocynaceae), an invasive subshrub species in arid landscapes. Anatomical and histochemical evaluations of the primary and secondary structures of the stem were carried out on a monthly basis during a full year, with ultrastructural evaluations of laticifer on the stem apex during the rainy season. In the primary structure, laticifer differentiate early from procambium and ground meristem cells of the cortex and medulla and become concentrated adjacent to the external and internal phloem of the bicollateral bundles. In the secondary structure, laticifer differentiates from fusiform derivative cells of the phloem close to the sieve-tube elements. The laticifer is of the articulated, anastomosing, branched type, and it originates from precursor cells that loose the transversal and longitudinal walls by dissolution. Latex is a mixture of terpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids, mucilage, and proteins. The apical meristem and vascular cambium where the laticifer system begins its development are active throughout the year, including during the dry season. The vascular cambium produces phloem with laticifer precursor cells during the rainy season, with high temperatures and long days. The ability of C. procera to grow under water deficit conditions and produce laticifer throughout the year contribute to its wide distribution in arid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ariadna Freitas Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, 39401-089, Brasil
| | - Leonardo Monteiro Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, 39401-089, Brasil
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Kabir SR, Karim MR, Alam MT. Chitinase inhibits growth of human breast and colorectal cancer cells in vitro and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells in vivo. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Mazur O, Bałdysz S, Warowicka A, Nawrot R. Tap the sap - investigation of latex-bearing plants in the search of potential anticancer biopharmaceuticals. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:979678. [PMID: 36388598 PMCID: PMC9664067 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.979678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Latex-bearing plants have been in the research spotlight for the past couple of decades. Since ancient times their extracts have been used in folk medicine to treat various illnesses. Currently they serve as promising candidates for cancer treatment. Up to date there have been several in vitro and in vivo studies related to the topic of cytotoxicity and anticancer activity of extracts from latex-bearing plants towards various cell types. The number of clinical studies still remains scarce, however, over the years the number is systematically increasing. To the best of our knowledge, the scientific community is still lacking in a recent review summarizing the research on the topic of cytotoxicity and anticancer activity of latex-bearing plant extracts. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge on in vitro and in vivo studies, which focus on the cytotoxicity and anticancer activities of latex-bearing plants. The vast majority of the studies are in vitro, however, the interest in this topic has resulted in the substantial growth of the number of in vivo studies, leading to a promising number of plant species whose latex can potentially be tested in clinical trials. The paper is divided into sections, each of them focuses on specific latex-bearing plant family representatives and their potential anticancer activity, which in some instances is comparable to that induced by commonly used therapeutics currently available on the market. The cytotoxic effect of the plant's crude latex, its fractions or isolated compounds, is analyzed, along with a study of cell apoptosis, chromatin condensation, DNA damage, changes in gene regulation and morphology changes, which can be observed in cell post plant extract addition. The in vivo studies go beyond the molecular level by showing significant reduction of the tumor growth and volume in animal models. Additionally, we present data regarding plant-mediated biosynthesis of nanoparticles, which is regarded as a new branch in plant latex research. It is solely based on the green-synthesis approach, which presents an interesting alternative to chemical-based nanoparticle synthesis. We have analyzed the cytotoxic effect of these particles on cells. Data regarding the cytotoxicity of such particles raises their potential to be involved in the design of novel cancer therapies, which further underlines the significance of latex-bearing plants in biotechnology. Throughout the course of this review, we concluded that plant latex is a rich source of many compounds, which can be further investigated and applied in the design of anticancer pharmaceuticals. The molecules, to which this cytotoxic effect can be attributed, include alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, proteases, nucleases and many novel compounds, which still remain to be characterized. They have been studied extensively in both in vitro and in vivo studies, which provide an excellent starting point for their rapid transfer to clinical studies in the near future. The comprehensive study of molecules from latex-bearing plants can result in finding a promising alternative to several pharmaceuticals on the market and help unravel the molecular mode of action of latex-based preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliwia Mazur
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Sophia Bałdysz
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Alicja Warowicka
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Robert Nawrot
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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Antimicrobial, Antigenotoxicity, and Characterization of Calotropis procera and Its Rhizosphere-Inhabiting Actinobacteria: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103123. [PMID: 35630600 PMCID: PMC9146570 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Calotropis procera (C. procera) is a wild shrub that is a medicinal plant found in abundance throughout Saudi Arabia. In this study, we investigated the phytochemical composition and antigenotoxic properties of the ethanolic extract of C. procera, in addition to the antimicrobial activity of the plant and its rhizospheric actinobacteria effects against pathogenic microorganisms. Soil-extract medium supplemented with glycerol as a carbon source and starch–casein agar medium was used for isolation of actinobacteria from rhizosphere. From the plant, a total of 31 compounds were identified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The main components were α-amyrin (39.36%), lupeol acetate (17.94%), phytol (13.32%), hexadecanoic acid (5.55%), stigmasterol (3.16%), linolenic acid (3.04%), and gombasterol A (2.14%). C. procera plant extract’s antimicrobial activity was investigated using an agar well-diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against six pathogenic microbial strains. The plant extract of C. procera was considered significantly active against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia coli, with inhibition zones of 18.66 mm, 21.26 mm, and 21.93 mm, respectively. The plant extract was considered to be a moderate inhibitor against Bacillus subtilis, with MIC ranging from 0.60–1.50 mg/mL. On the other hand, the isolated actinobacteria were considered to be a moderate inhibitor against S. aureus (MIC of 86 µg/mL), and a potent inhibitor, strain CALT_2, against Candida albicans (MIC of 35 µg/mL). The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the potential strains belonged to the genus Streptomyces. The effect of C. procera extract against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced genotoxicity was examined by evaluating chromosome abnormalities in mouse somatic cells and DNA fragmentation assays. The current study revealed that oral pretreatment of C. procera (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg b.w.) for 1, 7, and 14 days to cyclophosphamide-treated animals significantly reduced chromosomal abnormalities as well as DNA fragmentation in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, C. procera extract had antimicrobial and antigenotoxic effects against CP-induced genotoxicity.
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Oliveira KAD, Araújo HN, Lima TID, Oliveira AG, Favero-Santos BC, Guimarães DSP, Freitas PAD, Neves RDJD, Vasconcelos RP, Almeida MGGD, Ramos MV, Silveira LR, Oliveira ACD. Phytomodulatory proteins isolated from Calotropis procera latex promote glycemic control by improving hepatic mitochondrial function in HepG2 cells. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:1061-1069. [PMID: 34588851 PMCID: PMC8463474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The medicinal uses of Calotropis procera are diverse, yet some of them are based on effects that still lack scientific support. Control of diabetes is one of them. Recently, latex proteins from C. procera latex (LP) have been shown to promote in vivo glycemic control by the inhibition of hepatic glucose production via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Glycemic control has been attributed to an isolated fraction of LP (CpPII), which is composed of cysteine peptidases (95%) and osmotin (5%) isoforms. Those proteins are extensively characterized in terms of chemistry, biochemistry and structural aspects. Furthermore, we evaluated some aspects of the mitochondrial function and cellular mechanisms involved in CpPII activity. The effect of CpPII on glycemic control was evaluated in fasting mice by glycemic curve and glucose and pyruvate tolerance tests. HepG2 cells was treated with CpPII, and cell viability, oxygen consumption, PPAR activity, production of lactate and reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial density and protein and gene expression were analyzed. CpPII reduced fasting glycemia, improved glucose tolerance and inhibited hepatic glucose production in control animals. Additionally, CpPII increased the consumption of ATP-linked oxygen and mitochondrial uncoupling, reduced lactate concentration, increased protein expression of mitochondrial complexes I, III and V, and activity of peroxisome-proliferator-responsive elements (PPRE), reduced the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased mitochondrial density in HepG2 cells by activation of AMPK/PPAR. Our findings strongly support the medicinal use of the plant and suggest that CpPII is a potential therapy for prevention and/or treatment of type-2 diabetes. A common epitope sequence shared among the proteases and osmotin is possibly the responsible for the beneficial effects of CpPII.
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Key Words
- AMPK, AMP-activated kinase protein
- AUC, Area under the curve
- Bioactive proteins
- CTL, Control
- Calotropis procera
- CpPII, Major peptidase fraction treated with iodoacetamide
- DHE, Dihydroethidium
- DMEM, Dulbecco’s minimal essential medium
- DMSO, Dimethyl sulfoxide
- FCCP, Oligomycin carbonyl cyanide 4 (trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazine
- Folk medicine
- Glycemia
- HGP, Hepatic glucose production
- LP, Soluble latex proteins from Calotropis procera
- Latex
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- OCR, Oxygen consumption rate
- OXPHOS, Oxidative phosphorylation
- PPAR, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
- PPRE, PPAR response element
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- TBS-T, Tris buffered saline solution containing 0.1% Tween 20
- UCP2, Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ariclecio Cunha de Oliveira
- Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Corresponding author.at: Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
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Oliveira LES, Moita LA, Souza BS, Oliveira NMV, Sales ACS, Barbosa MS, Silva FDS, Farias ALC, Lopes VLR, França LFC, Alves EHP, Freitas CDT, Ramos MV, Vasconcelos DFP, Oliveira JS. Latex proteins from Plumeria pudica reduce ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. Oral Dis 2021; 28:786-795. [PMID: 33586328 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that latex proteins from Plumeria pudica (LPPp) have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects in rats of LPPp on ligature-induced periodontitis, an inflammatory disease. METHODS The animals were divided into groups: saline (animals without induction of periodontitis), periodontitis (induced periodontitis and untreated) and LPPp (induced periodontitis and treated with 40 mg/kg). The following parameters were evaluated after 20 consecutive days of treatment: gingival bleeding index (GBI), probing pocket depth (PPD), alveolar bone height (ABH) and gingival myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. In the hepatic tissue, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and histopathological alterations were evaluated. Blood levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured. RESULTS Significant reduction in GBI, PPD and gingival MPO activity and ABH was seen in animals treated with LPPp compared with periodontitis. Values of GSH, MDA, ALT and histopathological evaluation were preserved in animals treated with LPPp. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with LPPp improved clinical aspects of periodontitis, reduced the blood and hepatic alterations and prevented alveolar bone loss. Data suggest that LPPp have potential for treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas E S Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Plantas Laticíferas (LABPL), Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Lucas A Moita
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Plantas Laticíferas (LABPL), Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Bruna S Souza
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Plantas Laticíferas (LABPL), Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Naylla M V Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Plantas Laticíferas (LABPL), Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Ana C S Sales
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Plantas Laticíferas (LABPL), Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Mayck S Barbosa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Plantas Laticíferas (LABPL), Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Francisca D S Silva
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Plantas Laticíferas (LABPL), Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Alan L C Farias
- Laboratório de Análise e Processamento Histológico (LAPHis), Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Victor L R Lopes
- Laboratório de Análise e Processamento Histológico (LAPHis), Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Luiz F C França
- Laboratório de Análise e Processamento Histológico (LAPHis), Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Even H P Alves
- Laboratório de Análise e Processamento Histológico (LAPHis), Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Cleverson D T Freitas
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Marcio V Ramos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Daniel F P Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Análise e Processamento Histológico (LAPHis), Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Jefferson S Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Plantas Laticíferas (LABPL), Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil
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Kaur A, Batish DR, Kaur S, Chauhan BS. An Overview of the Characteristics and Potential of Calotropis procera From Botanical, Ecological, and Economic Perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:690806. [PMID: 34220914 PMCID: PMC8248367 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.690806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand. (commonly known as the apple of sodom, calotrope, and giant milkweed) is an evergreen, perennial shrub of the family Apocynaceae, mainly found in arid and semi-arid regions. It is a multipurpose plant, which can be utilized for medicine, fodder, and fuel purposes, timber and fiber production, phytoremediation, and synthesis of nanoparticles. It has been widely used in traditional medicinal systems across North Africa, Middle East Asia, and South-East Asia. At present, it is being extensively explored for its potential pharmacological applications. Several reports also suggest its prospects in the food, textile, and paper industries. Besides, C. procera has also been acknowledged as an ornamental species. High pharmacological potential and socio-economic value have led to the pantropical introduction of the plant. Morpho-physiological adaptations and the ability to tolerate various abiotic stresses enabled its naturalization beyond the introduced areas. Now, it is recognized as an obnoxious environmental weed in several parts of the world. Its unnatural expansion has been witnessed in the regions of South America, the Caribbean Islands, Australia, the Hawaiian Islands, Mexico, Seychelles, and several Pacific Islands. In Australia, nearly 3.7 million hectares of drier areas, including rangelands and Savannahs, have been invaded by the plant. In this review, multiple aspects of C. procera have been discussed including its general characteristics, current and potential uses, and invasive tendencies. The objectives of this review are a) to compile the information available in the literature on C. procera, to make it accessible for future research, b) to enlist together its potential applications being investigated in different fields, and c) to acknowledge C. procera as an emerging invasive species of arid and semi-arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarpreet Kaur
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Shalinder Kaur
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bhagirath S. Chauhan
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI) and School of Agriculture and Food Sciences (SAFS), The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Bhagirath S. Chauhan,
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Sousa BF, Silva AFBD, Lima-Filho JV, Agostinho AG, Oliveira DN, de Alencar NMN, de Freitas CDT, Ramos MV. Latex proteins downregulate inflammation and restores blood-coagulation homeostasis in acute Salmonella infection. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2020; 115:e200458. [PMID: 33237133 PMCID: PMC7682140 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760200458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calotropis procera latex protein fraction (LP) was previously shown to protect animals from septic shock. Further investigations showed that LP modulate nitric oxide and cytokines levels. OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether the protective effects of LP, against lethal bacterial infection, is observed in its subfractions (LPPII and LPPIII). METHODS Subfractions (5 and 10 mg/kg) were tested by i.p. administration, 24 h before challenging with lethal injection (i.p.) of Salmonella Typhimurium. LPPIII (5 mg/kg) which showed higher survival rate was assayed to evaluate bacterial clearance, histopathology, leukocyte recruitment, plasma coagulation time, cytokines and NO levels. FINDINGS LPPIII protected 70% of animals of death. The animals given LPPIII exhibited reduced bacterial load in blood and peritoneal fluid after 24 h compared to the control. LPPIII promoted macrophage infiltration in spleen and liver. LPPIII restored the coagulation time of infected animals, increased IL-10 and reduced NO in blood. MAIN CONCLUSIONS LPPIII recruited macrophages to the target organs of bacterial infection. This addressed inflammatory stimulus seems to reduce bacterial colonisation in spleen and liver, down regulate bacterial spread and contribute to avoid septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Ferraz Sousa
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | | | - José Vitor Lima-Filho
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Biologia, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Anderson Gomes Agostinho
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Márcio Viana Ramos
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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10
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Ramos MV, Freitas APF, Leitão RFC, Costa DVS, Cerqueira GS, Martins DS, Martins CS, Alencar NMN, Freitas LBN, Brito GAC. Anti-inflammatory latex proteins of the medicinal plant Calotropis procera: a promising alternative for oral mucositis treatment. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:951-966. [PMID: 32488316 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01365-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Oral mucositis (OM) is an intense inflammatory reaction progressing to tissue damage and ulceration. The medicinal uses of Calotropis procera are supported by anti-inflammatory capacity. PII-IAA, a highly homogenous cocktail of laticifer proteins (LP) prepared from the latex of C. procera, with recognized pharmacological properties was tested to treat OM. MATERIALS AND SUBJECTS Male Golden Sirius hamsters were used in all treatments. TREATMENT The latex protein samples were injected i.p. (5 mg/Kg) 24 h before mucositis induction (mechanical trauma) and 24 h later. METHODS Histology, cytokine measurements [ELISA], and macroscopic evaluation [scores] were performed. RESULTS PII-IAA eliminated OM, accompanied by total disappearance of myeloperoxidase activity and release of IL-1b, as well as reduced TNF-a. Oxidative stress was relieved by PII-IAA treatment, as revealed by MDA and GSH measurements. PII-IAA also reduced the expression of adhesion molecules (ICAM-1) and Iba-1, two important markers of inflammation, indicating modulatory effects. Histological analyses of the cheek epithelium revealed greater deposition of type I collagen fibers in animals given PII-IAA compared with the control group. This performance was only reached when LPPII was treated with iodoacetamide (IAA), an irreversible inhibitor of proteolytic activity of cysteine proteases. The endogenous proteolytic activity of LPPII induced adverse effects in animals. Candidate proteins involved in the phytomodulatory activity are proposed. CONCLUSIONS Therapy was successful in treating OM with the laticifer protein fraction, containing peptidases and osmotin, from Calotropis procera. The effective candidate from the latex proteins for therapeutic use is PII-IAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio V Ramos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula F Freitas
- Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (UNILAB), Redenção, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Renata F C Leitão
- Departamento de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Deiziane V S Costa
- Departamento de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Gilberto S Cerqueira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Dainesy S Martins
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Conceição S Martins
- Departamento de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Nylane M N Alencar
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Larissa Barbosa N Freitas
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Gerly Anne C Brito
- Departamento de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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Abu-Tahon MA, Isaac GS. Anticancer and antifungal efficiencies of purified chitinase produced from Trichoderma viride under submerged fermentation. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2019; 66:32-40. [PMID: 31434838 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma viride AUMC 13021 isolated from Mangrove soil of Ras Mohammed protected area at Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, was optimized to promote chitinase activity under submerged fermentation. The maximum enzyme yield (38.33 U/mg protein) was obtained at 1.4% of colloidal chitin, 96 h of incubation, 35°C, pH 6.5 and 125, rpm and using maltose (1%) and yeast extract (1%) as supplementation of salt basal medium. The enzyme has been purified with an overall yield of 73.1% and 5.48 purification fold, and a specific activity of 210.16 U/mg protein. The molecular mass of the purified chitinase was 62 kDa. Maximal activity of chitinase was recorded at pH 6.5 and 40°C. The highest activity was recorded in the case of colloidal chitin, with an apparent Km value of 6.66 mg/ml and Vmax of 90.8 U/ml. The purified chitinase was activated by Ca2+ and Mn2+ while the activity was inhibited by Hg2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Co2+, dodecyl sulphate and EDTA. In vivo, the median lethal dose (LD50) was approximately 18.43 mg/kg body weight of Sprague Dawley rats. MTT assay showed that the purified chitinase has a toxic effect to MCF7 with an IC50 value 20 μg/ml, and HCT-116 cell lines with an IC50 value 44 μg/ml. Moreover, the purified enzyme showed significant antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 3 the causal agent of tomato wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medhat Ahmed Abu-Tahon
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University
| | - George Saad Isaac
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University
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Rani R, Sharma D, Chaturvedi M, Yadav JP. Phytochemical Analysis, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Calotropis procera and Calotropis gigantea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2210315508666180608081407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Medicinal plants are having immense potential to cure various health ailments
and used as drugs and remedies for the treatment of various diseases since civilization. Medicinal
property of these plants lies in their secondary metabolites which covered various classes like
phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, etc. Besides this, these secondary metabolites serve as a prototype
to synthesize the new synthetic drugs.
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Objective: The present study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of
leaves extracts of Calotropis procera and Calotropis gigantea and characterization of their bioactive
metabolites by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography-Mass
Spectroscopy (GC-MS).
Methods:
Methanol, petroleum ether and water were used for the extract preparation using cold percolation
method. Antibacterial activity was assessed by agar well diffusion assay. The antioxidant
activity of both the plants of Calotropis species was carried out by using different assay. Phytochemical
analysis was carried out by using FTIR spectroscopy and GC-MS analysis.
Results:
Methanol extract of both the plants was found to possess highest antioxidant potential in
comparison to other extracts. Methanol extract of C. gigantea and aqueous extract of C. procera
showed the maximum antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains. FTIR analysis of
plants extracts indicates the presence of phenolic compounds, alkanes, carboxylic acids, aldehydes,
aliphatic and aromatic amines, allene, sulfoxides, phenyl ester nitrocompounds and imines. GC-MS
analysis of C. procera aqueous extract showed the presence of R-limonene, mannosamine, tridecane,
1-bromo-, 2-propenoic acid, tridecyl ester, pentatriacontane and 1-hexacosene as major phytochemicals.
C. gigantea methanol extract indicated the presence of hentriacontane, eicosane, 3,3-
dimethylnonadecane, pentacosane, 1-hexacosene, pentatriacontane and clocortolone as major phytochemicals.
Conclusion:
This study provides a systematic base for isolation of the novel bioactive phytochemicals
from the Calotropis plant species and to evaluate their efficacy especially for antioxidant and
antibacterial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Rani
- Department of Genetics, M. D. University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Dushyant Sharma
- Department of Genetics, M. D. University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Monika Chaturvedi
- Department of Genetics, M. D. University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Jaya Parkash Yadav
- Department of Genetics, M. D. University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
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