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Biancalani A, Occhionero M, Leuci E, Quattrone E, Azzali S, Paulillo G, Pupo S, Pellegrini P, Menchetti M, Pelizza L. Disorganization in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis: psychopathology and treatment response. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s00406-024-01855-3. [PMID: 38914855 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-024-01855-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Disorganization is a nuclear dimension of psychosis, especially in schizophrenia. Despite its relevant association with poor prognosis and negative outcomes, it is still under-investigated compared to positive and negative symptoms, in particular at the onset of illness. This study explored disorganization in youth at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis (CHR-P) over a 2-year period. A sample of 180 CHR-P participants (50% males; 51.1% with baseline second-generation antipsychotic medication) recruited within a specialized CHR-P service completed the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale. Across the follow-up, we examined key associations of disorganization with other domains of psychopathology, functioning, and treatment response using Spearman's rank correlation coefficients and linear regression analyses. Our results showed a significant longitudinal reduction in disorganization severity levels across the follow-up. This decrease was significantly associated with improvements in negative symptoms and daily functioning, with a shorter duration of untreated psychiatric symptoms, and with baseline equivalent dose of antipsychotic medication. No significant longitudinal associations with other treatment component of the PARMS program were found. Our findings suggest a longitudinal improvement in disorganization dimension in CHR-P individuals, especially in the context of early interventions targeting reduction in the duration of untreated psychiatric symptoms and favoring a prompt antipsychotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Biancalani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, "Paolo Ottonello" Psychiatry Institute, "Alma Mater Studiorum" Università degli Studi di Bologna, Via Pepoli 5, Bologna, 40123, Italy
| | - Michele Occhionero
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, "Paolo Ottonello" Psychiatry Institute, "Alma Mater Studiorum" Università degli Studi di Bologna, Via Pepoli 5, Bologna, 40123, Italy
| | - Emanuela Leuci
- Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, Azienda USL di Parma, Largo Palli 1/a, Parma, 43100, Italy
| | - Emanuela Quattrone
- Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, Azienda USL di Parma, Largo Palli 1/a, Parma, 43100, Italy
| | - Silvia Azzali
- Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, Reggio Emilia, 43100, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Paulillo
- Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, Azienda USL di Parma, Largo Palli 1/a, Parma, 43100, Italy
| | - Simona Pupo
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, 43100, Italy
| | - Pietro Pellegrini
- Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, Azienda USL di Parma, Largo Palli 1/a, Parma, 43100, Italy
| | - Marco Menchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, "Paolo Ottonello" Psychiatry Institute, "Alma Mater Studiorum" Università degli Studi di Bologna, Via Pepoli 5, Bologna, 40123, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pelizza
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, "Paolo Ottonello" Psychiatry Institute, "Alma Mater Studiorum" Università degli Studi di Bologna, Via Pepoli 5, Bologna, 40123, Italy.
- Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, Azienda USL di Parma, Largo Palli 1/a, Parma, 43100, Italy.
- Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, Azienda USL di Bologna, Via Castiglione 29, Bologna, 40124, Italy.
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Lee JH. Treatment mechanism of immune triad from the repurposing drug against COVID-19. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2023; 7:33-45. [PMID: 37388715 PMCID: PMC10290163 DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is an immune-mediated disease whose pathophysiology uses SAMHD1 tetramerization and cGAS-STING signaling, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) cascade, spike protein- inflammasome activation, and neuropilin 1 (NRP1) signaling. Variants of concern, such as SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants BQ.1, BQ.1.1, BA.4.6, BF.7, BA.2.75.2, and other mutants, have emerged. The longitudinal memory T-cell response to SARS-CoV-2 persists for eight months after symptom onset. Therefore, we must achieve viral clearance to coordinate immune cell reactions. Aspirin, dapsone, and dexamethasone as anticatalysis medicines have been used to treat COVID-19. They are shown to work harmoniously with modulating ILCs. Therefore, it needs to prescribe this immune triad to alleviate the clinical pathologic course and block exacerbation mechanisms due to diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hoon Lee
- Science and Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Seobuk Hospital, 49 Galhyeon-ro 7-gil, Yeokchon-dong Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul, 03433, Republic of Korea
- Geoje Public Health Center, Suyang-ro 506 (Yangjeong-dong ), Geoje city, Gyeongsangnam-do, 53236, Republic of Korea
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Lee JH, Kanwar B, Khattak A, Altschuler E, Sergi C, Lee SJ, Choi SH, Park J, Coleman M, Bourbeau J. Bronchitis, COPD, and pneumonia after viral endemic of patients with leprosy on Sorok Island in South Korea. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023:10.1007/s00210-023-02407-7. [PMID: 36773052 PMCID: PMC9918834 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Viral respiratory diseases (VRDs) cause lung inflammation and inflammatory cytokine production. We study whether dapsone is responsible for its observed preventive treatment effects of the sustained viral RNA interferon response. Around 2008 and 2012, Korea's Dementia Management Act stipulated drastic changes in the administration of dementia medication by medical staff. Participants were randomized and we compared leprosy patients with VRDs after prescribing dapsone as a standard treatment from 2005 to 2019. Significance was evaluated based on the dapsone-prescribed (+) subgroup and the dapsone-unprescribed (-) subgroup of the VRD diagnosed (+) and VRD undiagnosed (-) subgroup. We analyzed VRD ( +)/(- with dapsone (+)/(-) group and used a T-test, and designed the equation of acetylation with dapsone and acetylcholine (AA) equation. The 6394 VRD participants who received the dapsone intervention compared to the 3255 VRD participants in the control group demonstrated at T2 VRD (+) dapsone (-) (mean (M) = 224.80, SD = 97.50): T3 VRD (-) dapsone (+) (M = 110.87, SD = 103.80), proving that VRD is low when dapsone is taken and high when it is not taken. The t value is 3.10, and the p value is 0.004395 (significant at p < 0.05). After an increase in VRDs peaked in 2009, bronchitis, COPD, and pneumonia surged in 2013. The AA equation was strongly negatively correlated with the prevalence of bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): with bronchitis, r(15) = -0.823189, p = 0.005519, and with COPD, r(15) = -0.8161, p = 0.000207 (significant at p < 0.05). Dapsone treated both bronchitis and COPD. This study provides theoretical clinical data to limit acetylcholine excess during the VRD pandemic for bronchitis, COPD, and pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hoon Lee
- Science and Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Seobuk Hospital, 49 Galhyeon-ro 7-gil, Yeokchon-dong Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul, 03433, South Korea.
| | - Badar Kanwar
- Department of Intensive Care Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care, Hunt Regional Hospital Greenville, Greenville, TX, 75401, USA
| | - Asif Khattak
- Department of Intensive Care Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care, Hunt Regional Hospital Greenville, Greenville, TX, 75401, USA
| | - Eric Altschuler
- Physical Medicine/Rehab, Metropolitan Hospital, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Consolato Sergi
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - So Jeong Lee
- Department of BioSciences, Wiess School of Natural Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Su-Hee Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwuk Park
- Research Center of Integrative Functional Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Chungdam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Coleman
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Jean Bourbeau
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Lee JH, Kanwar B, Lee CJ, Sergi C, Coleman MD. Dapsone is an anticatalysis for Alzheimer’s disease exacerbation. iScience 2022; 25:104274. [PMID: 35542045 PMCID: PMC9079171 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain inflammation generally accelerates neurodegeneration. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) triggers an innate immune response by activating a cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway. Our study investigated patients with leprosy and AD. They were treated with dapsone (4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, DDS) as a neuroinflammasome competitor and cGAS/STING pathway inhibitor. Four groups were defined: Treatment (T) 1: DDS prescribed AD diagnosed, T 2: DDS prescribed AD undiagnosed, T 3 DDS unprescribed AD diagnosed, and T 4: DDS unprescribed AD undiagnosed. Dapsone effects on AD can be clearly distinguished according to dapsone presence or absence. T1:T3 proved that the incidence of AD was significantly reduced by dapsone. T2:T3 proved that the prevalence of AD was significantly high without dapsone. T1:T4 proved that the prevalence decreased when taking dapsone. Our study demonstrates that dapsone can prevent AD exacerbation and may represent a preventive therapeutic option for exacerbated AD. Brain inflammation generally accelerates neurodegeneration Dementia Management Act separates dapsone-taking groups at Sorok Island The analysis of all from 2005 to 2020 was evaluated based on a p value of 0.05 Dapsone is a preventive therapeutic option for exacerbated Alzheimer’s disease
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