1
|
Naraki K, Keshavarzi M, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. The Protective Effects of Taurine, a Non-essential Amino Acid, Against Metals Toxicities: A Review Article. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04191-8. [PMID: 38735894 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04191-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Taurine is a non-proteinogenic amino acid derived from cysteine. It is involved in several phenomena such as the regulation of growth and differentiation, osmoregulation, neurohormonal modulation, and lipid metabolism. Taurine is important because of its high levels in several tissues such as the central nervous system (CNS), heart, skeletal muscles, retinal membranes, and platelets. In this report, we present the functional properties of taurine indicating that it has potential effects on various metal toxicities. Therefore, a comprehensive literature review was performed using the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. According to the search keywords, 61 articles were included in the study. The results indicate that taurine protects tissues against metal toxicity through enhancement of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity, modulation of oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, involvement in different molecular pathways, and interference with the activity of various enzymes. Taken together, taurine is a natural supplement that presents antitoxic effects against many types of compounds, especially metals, suggesting public consumption of this amino acid as a prophylactic agent against the incidence of metal toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karim Naraki
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Keshavarzi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ommati MM, Rezaei H, Socorro RM, Tian W, Zhao J, Rouhani A, Sabouri S, Ghaderi F, Niknahad AM, Najibi A, Mazloomi S, Safipour M, Honarpishefard Z, Wang HW, Niknahad H, Heidari R. Pre/postnatal taurine supplementation improves neurodevelopment and brain function in mice offspring: A persistent developmental study from puberty to maturity. Life Sci 2024; 336:122284. [PMID: 38008208 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Taurine (TAU) is a sulfur-containing amino acid abundantly found in the human body. Endogenously, TAU is synthesized from cysteine in the liver. However, newborns rely entirely on TAU's dietary supply (milk). There is no investigation on the effect of long-term TAU administration on next-generation neurological development. The current study evaluated the effect of long-term TAU supplementation during the maternal gestational and litter weaning time on several neurological parameters in mice offspring. Moreover, the effects of TAU on mitochondrial function and oxidative stress biomarkers as plausible mechanisms of its action in the whole brain and hippocampus have been evaluated. TAU (0.5 % and 1 % w/v) was dissolved in the drinking water of pregnant mice (Day one of pregnancy), and amino acid supplementation was continued during the weaning time (post-natal day; PND = 21) until litters maturity (PND = 65). It was found that TAU significantly improved cognitive function, memory performance, reflexive motor activity, and emotional behaviors in F1-mice generation. TAU measurement in the brain and hippocampus revealed higher levels of this amino acid. TAU and ATP levels were also significantly higher in the mitochondria isolated from the whole brain and hippocampus. Based on these data, TAU could be suggested as a supplement during pregnancy or in pediatric formula. The effects of TAU on cellular mitochondrial function and energy metabolism might play a fundamental role in the positive effects of this amino acid observed in this investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan, China; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Heresh Rezaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Retana-Márquez Socorro
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México City, Mexico
| | - Weishun Tian
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan, China
| | - Ayeh Rouhani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samira Sabouri
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary, Shanxi agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Fatemeh Ghaderi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Mohammad Niknahad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Asma Najibi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 244 Hughes Laboratories, 651 E. High Street, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Sahra Mazloomi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Moslem Safipour
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Honarpishefard
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan, China.
| | - Hossein Niknahad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Reproductive Biology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México City, Mexico.
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu H, Nguyen HH, Hwang SY, Lee SS. Oxidative Mechanisms and Cardiovascular Abnormalities of Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16805. [PMID: 38069125 PMCID: PMC10706054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with portal hypertension, there are many complications including cardiovascular abnormalities, hepatorenal syndrome, ascites, variceal bleeding, and hepatic encephalopathy. The underlying mechanisms are not yet completely clarified. It is well known that portal hypertension causes mesenteric congestion which produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS has been associated with intestinal mucosal injury, increased intestinal permeability, enhanced gut bacterial overgrowth, and translocation; all these changes result in increased endotoxin and inflammation. Portal hypertension also results in the development of collateral circulation and reduces liver mass resulting in an overall increase in endotoxin/bacteria bypassing detoxication and immune clearance in the liver. Endotoxemia can in turn aggravate oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to a cycle of gut barrier dysfunction → endotoxemia → organ injury. The phenotype of cardiovascular abnormalities includes hyperdynamic circulation and cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. Oxidative stress is often accompanied by inflammation; thus, blocking oxidative stress can minimize the systemic inflammatory response and alleviate the severity of cardiovascular diseases. The present review aims to elucidate the role of oxidative stress in cirrhosis-associated cardiovascular abnormalities and discusses possible therapeutic effects of antioxidants on cardiovascular complications of cirrhosis including hyperdynamic circulation, cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, and hepatorenal syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Samuel S. Lee
- Liver Unit, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada (H.H.N.); (S.Y.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ebrahim Soltani Z, Elahi M, Khavandi M, Haddadi NS, Shayan M, Khalilzadeh M, Dehpour AR. Therapeutic potential of infliximab for pruritus in mice model of cholestasis induced by bile duct ligation: Possible involvement of IL-31. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110806. [PMID: 37597403 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholestatic pruritus is a distressful sensation that can cause a massive desire of scratching skin. Despite maximum medication therapy, some patients still experience pruritus. In this study, we evaluated the effect of infliximab on cholestatic pruritus induced in mice by bile duct ligation. METHODS Twenty-four balb/c mice were randomly assigned to three groups; sham, control, and treatment. The bile duct ligation procedure was performed on mice in the control and treatment groups. After six days, mice in the treatment group received subcutaneous administration of infliximab, and the next day all mice were subjected to the scratching behavior test. Skin, dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and blood samples of mice were collected and evaluated by histopathological, molecular, and biochemical tests. RESULTS The scratching behavior has significantly decreased in mice with cholestasis after the administration of infliximab. The levels of TNFα, TNFR1, TNFR2, NF-κB, and IL-31were higher in control mice compared to sham. In addition, expression levels of TNFR1, NF-κB, and IL-31 were decreased in the treatment group compared to the controls in skin and DRG, while TNFR2 levels were decreased only in DRG. CONCLUSION Infliximab can block TNFα interaction with receptors and inhibit further inflammatory response. Also, our results suggested that infliximab can suppress IL-31 expression indirectly, which is a well-known cytokine in pruritus pathophysiology Infliximab can be a potential therapeutic approach in resistant pruritus in cholestatic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ebrahim Soltani
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Elahi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadmahdi Khavandi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Shayan
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Khalilzadeh
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pulmonary inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in a mouse model of cholestasis: the potential protective properties of the dipeptide carnosine. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:1129-1142. [PMID: 36651945 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cholestasis is a clinical complication that primarily influences the liver. However, it is well known that many other organs could be affected by cholestasis. Lung tissue is a major organ influenced during cholestasis. Cholestasis-induced lung injury could induce severe complications such as respiratory distress, serious pulmonary infections, and tissue fibrosis. Unfortunately, there is no specific pharmacological intervention against this complication. Several studies revealed that oxidative stress and inflammatory response play a role in cholestasis-induced lung injury. Carnosine (CARN) is a dipeptide found at high concentrations in different tissues of humans. CARN's antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties are repeatedly mentioned in various experimental models. This study aimed to assess the role of CARN on cholestasis-induced lung injury. Rats underwent bile duct ligation (BDL) to induce cholestasis. Broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of inflammatory cells, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and immunoglobulin were monitored at scheduled intervals (7, 14, and 28 days after BDL). Moreover, lung tissue histopathological alterations and biomarkers of oxidative stress were evaluated. A significant increase in BALF inflammatory cells, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and immunoglobulin-G (IgG) was detected in the BALF of BDL rats. Moreover, lung tissue histopathological changes, collagen deposition, increased TGF-β, and elevated levels of oxidative stress biomarkers were evident in cholestatic animals. It was found that CARN (100 and 500 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly alleviated lung oxidative stress biomarkers, inflammatory response, tissue fibrosis, and histopathological alterations. These data indicate the potential protective properties of CARN in the management of cholestasis-induced pulmonary damage. The effects of CARN on inflammatory response and oxidative stress biomarkers seems to play a crucial role in its protective properties in the lung of cholestatic animals.
Collapse
|
6
|
Taurine Improves Sperm Mitochondrial Indices, Blunts Oxidative Stress Parameters, and Enhances Steroidogenesis and Kinematics of Sperm in Lead-Exposed Mice. Reprod Sci 2022; 30:1891-1910. [DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|