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Harle J, Slater C, Cafiero M. Investigating Paracetamol's Role as a Potential Treatment for Parkinson's Disease: Ab Initio Analysis of Dopamine, l-DOPA, Paracetamol, and NAPQI Interactions with Enzymes Involved in Dopamine Metabolism. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:38053-38063. [PMID: 37867718 PMCID: PMC10586264 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Recently, it was found that paracetamol can extend the therapeutic window of l-DOPA treatment for Parkinson's disease [Golding (2019) BJPharm, 4(2), Article 619]. It has been posited that the effect could be due to paracetamol and its metabolite, NAPQI, inhibiting pain signals in the spinal column. In this work, we examine the possibility that the therapeutic effect of the paracetamol for the Parkinson's disease patient may be due to an inhibition of the enzymes that metabolize dopamine and/or l-DOPA, thus effectively extending the lifetime of the l-DOPA treatment. In this work, we use the M062X/6-311+G* level of theory to calculate the electronic binding energies (including explicit desolvation) of several ligands (paracetamol, NAPQI, dopamine, and l-DOPA) with a series of enzymes important to the production and metabolism of dopamine and compare them to calculated binding energy values for the natural substrates for those enzymes in order to predict possible inhibition. Benchmark interaction energies for a subset of the systems studied are calculated using the more accurate second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation (MP2) method in order to calibrate the accuracy of the M062X method. If we assume that the interaction energies calculated here can serve as a proxy for in vivo inhibition, then we can predict that paracetamol and NAPQI should not inhibit the natural production of dopamine and may in fact inhibit the metabolism of l-DOPA and dopamine, thus extending the length of l-DOPA treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Harle
- School
of Chemistry Food and Pharmacy, University
of Reading, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K.
| | - Catherine Slater
- School
of Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, U.K.
| | - Mauricio Cafiero
- School
of Chemistry Food and Pharmacy, University
of Reading, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K.
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2
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Mallet C, Desmeules J, Pegahi R, Eschalier A. An Updated Review on the Metabolite (AM404)-Mediated Central Mechanism of Action of Paracetamol (Acetaminophen): Experimental Evidence and Potential Clinical Impact. J Pain Res 2023; 16:1081-1094. [PMID: 37016715 PMCID: PMC10066900 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s393809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Paracetamol remains the recommended first-line option for mild-to-moderate acute pain in general population and particularly in vulnerable populations. Despite its wide use, debate exists regarding the analgesic mechanism of action (MoA) of paracetamol. A growing body of evidence challenged the notion that paracetamol exerts its analgesic effect through cyclooxygenase (COX)-dependent inhibitory effect. It is now more evident that paracetamol analgesia has multiple pathways and is mediated by the formation of the bioactive AM404 metabolite in the central nervous system (CNS). AM404 is a potent activator of TRPV1, a major contributor to neuronal response to pain in the brain and dorsal horn. In the periaqueductal grey, the bioactive metabolite AM404 activated the TRPV1 channel-mGlu5 receptor-PLC-DAGL-CB1 receptor signaling cascade. The present article provides a comprehensive literature review of the centrally located, COX-independent, analgesic MoA of paracetamol and relates how the current experimental evidence can be translated into clinical practice. The evidence discussed in this review established paracetamol as a central, COX-independent, antinociceptive medication that has a distinct MoA from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and a more tolerable safety profile. With the establishment of the central MoA of paracetamol, we believe that paracetamol remains the preferred first-line option for mild-to-moderate acute pain for healthy adults, children, and patients with health concerns. However, safety concerns remain with the high dose of paracetamol due to the NAPQI-mediated liver necrosis. Centrally acting paracetamol/p-aminophenol derivatives could potentiate the analgesic effect of paracetamol without increasing the risk of hepatoxicity. Moreover, the specific central MoA of paracetamol allows its combination with other analgesics, including NSAIDs, with a different MoA. Future experiments to better explain the central actions of paracetamol could pave the way for discovering new central analgesics with a better benefit-to-risk ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Mallet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, NEURO-DOL Basics & Clinical Pharmacology of Pain, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jules Desmeules
- Faculty of Medicine and The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Alain Eschalier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, NEURO-DOL Basics & Clinical Pharmacology of Pain, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Correspondence: Alain Eschalier, Faculté de Médecine, UMR Neuro-Dol, 49 Bd François Mitterrand, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France, Email
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Juri T, Fujimoto Y, Suehiro K, Nishikawa K, Mori T. Participation of the descending noradrenergic inhibitory system in the anti-hyperalgesic effect of acetaminophen in a rat model of inflammation. Life Sci 2021; 286:120030. [PMID: 34627774 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated the relationship between the analgesic efficacy of acetaminophen and the descending noradrenergic systems using rodent models of inflammatory pain. MAIN METHODS Inflammatory pain models were established by carrageenan injection into rats' paws. The models were defined as acute (4 h after carrageenan injection), subacute (24 h after carrageenan injection), and late (1 week after carrageenan injection) phase. To evaluate intravenous acetaminophen treatment, the withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimuli was assessed simultaneously with in vivo microdialysis assay of noradrenaline levels in the locus coeruleus (LC). Further analyses were performed to observe the effect of yohimbine on the treatment and the impact of AM404 treatment, a metabolite of acetaminophen, on noradrenaline levels in the LC. KEY FINDINGS In all phases, intravenous acetaminophen had a significant anti-hyperalgesic effect (p < 0.05). There was a significant time-dependent increase in the noradrenaline concentration within the LC (acetaminophen versus saline treatment; at 30 min, p < 0.001; 60 min, p < 0.01) in the subacute pain model, but not in the acute and late phase pain models. Intrathecal pre-injection of yohimbine attenuated the anti-hyperalgesic effect after acetaminophen injection only in the subacute model (p < 0.05). In the subacute pain model, intracerebroventricular administration of AM404 showed the same trend in noradrenaline levels as acetaminophen administration (AM404 versus vehicle group at 30 min, p < 0.001). SIGNIFICANCE We found the descending noradrenergic inhibitory system is involved in the antinociceptive action of acetaminophen in the subacute phase of inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Juri
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yohei Fujimoto
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Koichi Suehiro
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyonobu Nishikawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Mori
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Ertürk Ö, Değirmenci A, Yurdakul Ertürk E, Atlı Şekeroğlu Z, Çol Ayvaz M, Kontaş Yedier S. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of some analgesic or anti‐inflammatory drugs. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00755-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Kannan A, Manojkumar S, Radhakrishnan S. A Facile Fabrication of Poly‐ethionine Film on Glassy Carbon Electrode for Simultaneous and Sensitive Detection of Dopamine and Paracetamol. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202060451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayyadurai Kannan
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Chemistry Vivekananda College Tiruvedakam West 625 234 Madurai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Seenivasan Manojkumar
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Chemistry Vivekananda College Tiruvedakam West 625 234 Madurai, Tamil Nadu India
- Battery Research Centre of Green Energy Ming Chi University of Technology 243 New Taipei city Taiwan
| | - Sivaprakasam Radhakrishnan
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute Karaikudi 630 003 Tamil Nadu India
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Tang J, Liu Y, Hu J, Zheng S, Wang X, Zhou H, Jin B. Co-based metal-organic framework nanopinnas composite doped with Ag nanoparticles: A sensitive electrochemical sensing platform for simultaneous determination of dopamine and acetaminophen. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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De Coster O, Forget P, De Mey J, Van Schuerbeek P, Poelaert J. Identification of the cerebral effects of paracetamol in healthy subjects: an fMRI study. Br J Pain 2020; 14:23-30. [PMID: 32110395 DOI: 10.1177/2049463719854483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Paracetamol is commonly used for its antipyretic properties and analgesic effects, but the central mechanism remains elusive. We designed a study in healthy volunteers to detect the central functional working mechanism of paracetamol. Subjects material and methods A total of 20 subjects had a baseline functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) before the intake of 1000 mg paracetamol orally; 60 minutes later, a second fMRI was made aiming detection of regional blood flow differences. Results A decreased connectivity was observed in the ventral volume of interest (VOI), with the posterior cingulate (with both the left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and right ACC: respectively, Ke = 576; t = -6.8894 and Ke = 185; t = -4.8178) and the inferior temporal left (Ke = 103; t = -5.0993); in the combined ventral and dorsal VOIs, the posterior cingulate (with the left ACC; Ke = 149; t = -4.5658) and, both with the right ACC, the inferior temporal left (Ke = 88; t = -3.8456) and the inferior frontal gyrus (Ke = 86; t = -4.3937) had a decrease in connectivity. An increase was seen in other regions, including, among others, the middle frontal and temporal gyri (respectively, Ke = 85; t = 4.4256 and Ke = 85; t = 5.6851), the inferior frontal (with the left ACC: Ke = 165; t = 4.4998) and the superior frontal gyrus (with the right ACC; Ke = 281; t = 4.5992), and the post/precentral gyrus (with the right ACC, respectively, Ke = 102; t = 6.0582 and Ke = 105; t = 4.0776). Conclusions On fMRIs in healthy volunteers, the ingestion of paracetamol affects connections with the ACC. This suggests a central effect of paracetamol in cerebral areas known to be associated with pain. Further studies are needed to demonstrate the same effects in acute and chronic pain states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier De Coster
- Pain Clinic, Algemeen Ziekenhuis Delta (AZ Delta), Roeselare, Belgium.,Pain Clinic, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrice Forget
- Pain Clinic, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johan De Mey
- Department of Radiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Van Schuerbeek
- Department of Radiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan Poelaert
- Pain Clinic, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
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Barrière DA, Boumezbeur F, Dalmann R, Cadeddu R, Richard D, Pinguet J, Daulhac L, Sarret P, Whittingstall K, Keller M, Mériaux S, Eschalier A, Mallet C. Paracetamol is a centrally acting analgesic using mechanisms located in the periaqueductal grey. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1773-1792. [PMID: 31734950 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We previously demonstrated that paracetamol has to be metabolised in the brain by fatty acid amide hydrolase enzyme into AM404 (N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenamide) to activate CB1 receptors and TRPV1 channels, which mediate its analgesic effect. However, the brain mechanisms supporting paracetamol-induced analgesia remain unknown. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of paracetamol on brain function in Sprague-Dawley rats were determined by functional MRI. Levels of neurotransmitters in the periaqueductal grey (PAG) were measured using in vivo 1 H-NMR and microdialysis. Analgesic effects of paracetamol were assessed by behavioural tests and challenged with different inhibitors, administered systemically or microinjected in the PAG. KEY RESULTS Paracetamol decreased the connectivity of major brain structures involved in pain processing (insula, somatosensory cortex, amygdala, hypothalamus, and the PAG). This effect was particularly prominent in the PAG, where paracetamol, after conversion to AM404, (a) modulated neuronal activity and functional connectivity, (b) promoted GABA and glutamate release, and (c) activated a TRPV1 channel-mGlu5 receptor-PLC-DAGL-CB1 receptor signalling cascade to exert its analgesic effects. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The elucidation of the mechanism of action of paracetamol as an analgesic paves the way for pharmacological innovations to improve the pharmacopoeia of analgesic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- David André Barrière
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, CHU, NEURO-DOL Basics and Clinical Pharmacology of Pain, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Analgesia Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Romain Dalmann
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, CHU, NEURO-DOL Basics and Clinical Pharmacology of Pain, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Analgesia Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Roberto Cadeddu
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, CHU, NEURO-DOL Basics and Clinical Pharmacology of Pain, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Analgesia Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Damien Richard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, CHU, NEURO-DOL Basics and Clinical Pharmacology of Pain, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Analgesia Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jérémy Pinguet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, CHU, NEURO-DOL Basics and Clinical Pharmacology of Pain, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Analgesia Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurence Daulhac
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, CHU, NEURO-DOL Basics and Clinical Pharmacology of Pain, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Analgesia Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Philippe Sarret
- Département de Physiologie et Biophysique/Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Kevin Whittingstall
- Département de Radiologie Diagnostique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Matthieu Keller
- UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA/CNRS/Université de Tours/IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Alain Eschalier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, CHU, NEURO-DOL Basics and Clinical Pharmacology of Pain, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Analgesia Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christophe Mallet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, CHU, NEURO-DOL Basics and Clinical Pharmacology of Pain, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Analgesia Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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9
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Blecharz‐Klin K, Wawer A, Pyrzanowska J, Piechal A, Jawna‐Zboińska K, Widy‐Tyszkiewicz E. Hypothalamus – Response to early paracetamol exposure in male rats offspring. Int J Dev Neurosci 2019; 76:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kamilla Blecharz‐Klin
- Department of Experimental and Clinical PharmacologyMedical University of WarsawCentre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePTBanacha 1B02‐097WarsawPoland
| | - Adriana Wawer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical PharmacologyMedical University of WarsawCentre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePTBanacha 1B02‐097WarsawPoland
| | - Justyna Pyrzanowska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical PharmacologyMedical University of WarsawCentre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePTBanacha 1B02‐097WarsawPoland
| | - Agnieszka Piechal
- Department of Experimental and Clinical PharmacologyMedical University of WarsawCentre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePTBanacha 1B02‐097WarsawPoland
| | - Katarzyna Jawna‐Zboińska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical PharmacologyMedical University of WarsawCentre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePTBanacha 1B02‐097WarsawPoland
| | - Ewa Widy‐Tyszkiewicz
- Department of Experimental and Clinical PharmacologyMedical University of WarsawCentre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePTBanacha 1B02‐097WarsawPoland
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Saad MA, Rastanawi AA, El-Yamany MF. Alogliptin abates memory injuries of hepatic encephalopathy induced by acute paracetamol intoxication via switching-off autophagy-related apoptosis. Life Sci 2018; 215:11-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Blecharz-Klin K, Wawer A, Jawna-Zboińska K, Pyrzanowska J, Piechal A, Mirowska-Guzel D, Widy-Tyszkiewicz E. Early paracetamol exposure decreases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in striatum and affects social behaviour and exploration in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 168:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Chen Z, Wei H, Pertovaara A, Wang J, Carlson S. Anxiety- and activity-related effects of paracetamol on healthy and neuropathic rats. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2018; 6:e00367. [PMID: 29417759 PMCID: PMC5817821 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracetamol has recently been suggested to affect emotion processing in addition to alleviating pain in humans. We investigated in adult male Hannover-Wistar rats whether acute intraperitoneally administrated paracetamol affects behavior in tests measuring anxiety, mood, motor activity, and memory. Unoperated rats received saline or a low (50 mg/kg) or high (300 mg/kg) dose of paracetamol, while rats with a spared nerve injury (SNI) model of neuropathy and sham-operated rats received saline or the low dose of paracetamol. Rats were tested on open-field (OFT), elevated plus-maze (EPM), light-dark box (LDB), novel-object recognition (NOR), sucrose preference, rotarod, and monofilament tests. In unoperated rats, both the low and high dose of paracetamol reduced line crossings, and grooming time in the OFT, and novel preference in NOR. The high dose of paracetamol increased the time spent in the closed arm in EPM, reduced the number of rearings and leanings in OFT, the time spent in the light box in LDB, and sucrose preference. Paracetamol had no significant effect on the rotarod test measuring motor activity. The low dose of paracetamol suppressed mechanical pain hypersensitivity in SNI rats, without influencing pain behavior in sham-operated rats. Saline- but not paracetamol-treated SNI rats spent more time than sham-operated rats in the closed arm in the EPM test. Together the results suggest that a high dose of paracetamol increases anxiety-like and anhedonic behavior, and impairs recognition memory in unoperated controls, while in neuropathy, a low dose of paracetamol reduces nerve injury-associated anxiety probably by reducing neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuyue Chen
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical EngineeringAMI CentreAalto University School of ScienceEspooFinland
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Antti Pertovaara
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Jianhong Wang
- Kunming Primates Research CenterKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Synnöve Carlson
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical EngineeringAMI CentreAalto University School of ScienceEspooFinland
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Involvement of 5-HT 1A/1B receptors in the antinociceptive effect of paracetamol in the rat formalin test. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN 2018; 3:15-21. [PMID: 31194055 PMCID: PMC6550097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of analgesic action of paracetamol (acetominophen) remains still unknown. However, a relationship between serotonergic system and the effect of paracetamol has been previously demonstrated. The serotonin activity in the brainstem is primarily under the control of 5-HT1A somatodendritic receptors, although some data also suggest the involvement of 5-HT1B receptors. To determine whether the 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors are involved in the antinociceptive effect of paracetamol, we evaluated the effect of paracetamol (0.125-1 g/kg i.p.) followed by different antagonists [WAY 100,635 (0.8 mg/kg s.c.) and SB 216,641 (0.8 mg/kg s.c.)] or agonists [8-OH-DPAT (0.125 mg/kg s.c.) and CP 93,129 (0.125 mg/kg s.c.)] of 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors, respectively, in the rat model of formalin-induced pain. We demonstrated that paracetamol administration showed a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect in the formalin test. WAY 100,635 (5-HT1A antagonist) induced an increase in the antinociceptive effect of paracetamol at 250 mg/kg doses. Conversely, 8-OH-DPAT (5-HT1A agonist) decreased the antinociceptive effect of paracetamol at 500-1000 mg/kg doses. However, SB216641 (5-HT1B antagonist) modified weakly the antinociceptive effect of paracetamol at 250 mg/kg doses and CP 93,129 (5-HT1B agonist) not produce a clear effect in the antinociceptive effect of paracetamol. These results suggest that the antinociceptive effect of paracetamol can be enhanced mainly by compounds having 5-HT1A antagonist properties in the formalin test and maybe by 5-HT1B receptors antagonists.
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Kannan A, Sevvel R. A highly selective and simultaneous determination of paracetamol and dopamine using poly-4-amino-6-hydroxy-2-mercaptopyrimidine (Poly-AHMP) film modified glassy carbon electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Fetal and neonatal rats paracetamol dosage and the perinatal human setting: Lost in translation? Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:371-372. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Manikandan PN, Dharuman V. Electrochemical Simultaneous Sensing of Melatonin, Dopamine and Acetaminophen at Platinum Doped and Decorated Alpha Iron Oxide. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Palinci Nagarajan Manikandan
- Molecular Electronics Lab; Department of Bioelectronics and Biosensors; Alagappa University; Karaikudi - 630 003 India
| | - Venkataraman Dharuman
- Molecular Electronics Lab; Department of Bioelectronics and Biosensors; Alagappa University; Karaikudi - 630 003 India
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Onaolapo OJ, Adekola MA, Azeez TO, Salami K, Onaolapo AY. l-Methionine and silymarin: A comparison of prophylactic protective capabilities in acetaminophen-induced injuries of the liver, kidney and cerebral cortex. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 85:323-333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Fukushima A, Sekiguchi W, Mamada K, Tohma Y, Ono H. Serotonergic System Does Not Contribute to the Hypothermic Action of Acetaminophen. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 40:227-233. [PMID: 27916764 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (AcAP), a widely-used antipyretic and analgesic drug, has been considered to exert its effects via central mechanisms, and many studies have demonstrated that the analgesic action of AcAP involves activation of the serotonergic system. Although the serotonergic system also plays an important role in thermoregulation, the contribution of serotonergic activity to the hypothermic effect of AcAP has remained unclear. In the present study, we examined whether the serotonergic system is involved in AcAP-induced hypothermia. In normal mice, AcAP (300 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)) induced marked hypothermia (ca. -4°C). The same dose of AcAP reduced pain response behavior in the formalin test. Pretreatment with the serotonin synthesis inhibitor DL-p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 300 mg/kg/d, i.p., 5 consecutive days) substantially decreased serotonin in the brain by 70% and significantly inhibited the analgesic, but not the hypothermic action of AcAP. The same PCPA treatment significantly inhibited the hypothermia induced by the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine hydrochloride (20 mg/kg, i.p.) and the serotonin 5-HT2 receptor antagonist cyproheptadine hydrochloride (3 mg/kg, i.p.). The lower doses of fluoxetine hydrochloride (3 mg/kg, i.p.) and cyproheptadine hydrochloride (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) did not affect the AcAP-induced hypothermia. These results suggest that, in comparison with its analgesic effect, the hypothermic effect of AcAP is not mediated by the serotonergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Fukushima
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University
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Cerebellar level of neurotransmitters in rats exposed to paracetamol during development. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:1159-1164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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van den Hoogen NJ, Tibboel D, Honig WMM, Hermes D, Patijn J, Joosten EA. Neonatal paracetamol treatment reduces long-term nociceptive behaviour after neonatal procedural pain in rats. Eur J Pain 2016; 20:1309-18. [PMID: 26914846 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain from skin penetrating procedures (procedural pain) during infancy in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) may result in changes of nociceptive sensitivity in later life. This supports the need for pain management during such vulnerable periods in life. This study, therefore, analyses the short- and long-term consequences of neonatal paracetamol (acetaminophen) treatment on pain behaviour in an experimental rat model of neonatal procedural pain. METHODS A repetitive needle-prick model was used, in which neonatal rats received four needle pricks into the left hind paw per day from postnatal day 0 to day 7 (P0-P7). Paracetamol (50 mg/kg/day s.c.) was administered daily (P0-P7), and sensitivity to mechanical stimuli was compared with a needle-prick/saline-treated group and to a tactile control group. At 8 weeks of age, all animals underwent an ipsilateral paw-incision, modelling postoperative pain, and the duration of hypersensitivity was assessed. RESULTS Neonatal paracetamol administration had no effect upon short-term mechanical hypersensitivity during the first postnatal week or upon long-term baseline sensitivity from 3 to 8 weeks. However, neonatal paracetamol administration significantly reduced the postoperative mechanical hypersensitivity in young adults, caused by repetitive needle pricking. CONCLUSION Paracetamol administration during neonatal procedural pain does not alter short-term or long-term effects on mechanical sensitivity, but does reduce the duration of increased postoperative mechanical hypersensitivity in a clinically relevant neonatal procedural pain model. WHAT DOES THIS STUDY ADD Paracetamol can be used safely in neonatal rats. Neonatal paracetamol treatment had no effect upon short-term mechanical hypersensitivity during the first postnatal week, nor upon long-term baseline sensitivity from 3 to 8 weeks. Paracetamol treatment during the first postnatal week significantly reduced the postoperative mechanical hypersensitivity in young adult rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J van den Hoogen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Management, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands.,Department of Translational Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - D Tibboel
- Intensive Care and Department of Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W M M Honig
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - D Hermes
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - J Patijn
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Management, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - E A Joosten
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Management, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands.,Department of Translational Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
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Effect of prenatal and early life paracetamol exposure on the level of neurotransmitters in rats—Focus on the spinal cord. Int J Dev Neurosci 2015; 47:133-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Blecharz-Klin K, Joniec-Maciejak I, Jawna K, Pyrzanowska J, Piechal A, Wawer A, Widy-Tyszkiewicz E. Developmental exposure to paracetamol causes biochemical alterations in medulla oblongata. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 40:369-374. [PMID: 26233562 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect and safety of prenatal and early life administration of paracetamol - routinely used over-the-counter antipyretic and analgesic medication on monoamines content and balance of amino acids in the medulla oblongata is still unknown. In this study we have determined the level of neurotransmitters in this structure in two-month old Wistar male rats exposed to paracetamol in the dose of 5 (P5, n=10) or 15mg/kg b.w. (P15, n=10) during prenatal period, lactation and till the end of the second month of life. Control group received drinking water (Con, n=10). Monoamines, their metabolites and amino acids concentration in medulla oblongata of rats were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in 60 postnatal day (PND60). This experiment shows that prenatal and early life paracetamol exposure modulates neurotransmission associated with serotonergic, noradrenergic and dopaminergic system in medulla oblongata. Reduction of alanine and taurine levels has also been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilla Blecharz-Klin
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ilona Joniec-Maciejak
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jawna
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Pyrzanowska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piechal
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adriana Wawer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Widy-Tyszkiewicz
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
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Wu JP, Li MH. Inhibitory effects of pain relief drugs on neurological enzymes: implications on their potential neurotoxicity to aquatic animals. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:898-905. [PMID: 25801321 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pain relief medications commonly occur in the aquatic environment at measurable levels. While the neurotoxicity of pain relievers to higher vertebrates is currently known, little is known about their effects on aquatic animals. This study investigated the neurotoxicity of pain relievers to aquatic animals. We used three neurological enzymes, cholinesterase (ChE), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), and monoamine oxidase (MAO), from a freshwater planarian (Dugesia japonica) and green neon shrimp (Neocaridina denticulata) as biomarkers to examine the effects of pain relievers on in vitro activity. The activity of MAO and ChE, but not ATPase, was significantly inhibited by acetaminophen, but not by other pain relievers examined. It was likely that the inhibitory effects of acetaminophen on shrimp neurological enzymes were more severe than on the planarian. These findings suggest that acetaminophen is potentially neurotoxic to aquatic animals, at least in terms of neurotransmission disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Pin Wu
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Geography, National Taiwan University, 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hui Li
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Geography, National Taiwan University, 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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Roczniak W, Babuśka-Roczniak M, Kwapuliński J, Brodziak-Dopierała B, Widuchowski W, Cipora E, Nowak P, Oświęcimska JM. The effect of central noradrenergic system lesion on dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) synthesis rate following administration of 5-HT3 receptor ligands in chosen parts of the rat brain. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:146-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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van de Glind EMM, Hooft L, Tulner LR, Tulen JHM, Kuper IMJA, Hamburger HL, de Rooij SE, van Munster BC. Acetaminophen for self-reported sleep problems in an elderly population (ASLEEP): study protocol of a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial. Trials 2014; 15:10. [PMID: 24398053 PMCID: PMC3895735 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of sleep disorders increases with age. Sleep disorders may have serious health implications and may be related to serious underlying diseases. Many older people use hypnotics, like benzodiazepines, although these medications have serious side effects and often lead to habituation. Acetaminophen is one of the most frequently used off-label drugs for sleep disorders, although little is known about its effects. Our objective is to investigate whether acetaminophen is effective in treating self-reported sleep disorders in older people. METHODS/DESIGN Participants, aged 65 years or older (n=150), who have sleep disorders will be randomized for treatment with either acetaminophen 1000 mg or placebo, once daily at bedtime in a double-blind design. Eligible patients should be able to give informed consent, should not be cognitively impaired (Minimal Mental State Examination (MMSE) score≥20), should not have pain, and should not use acetaminophen on a regular basis because of pain complaints. The study will take three weeks to complete. During these three weeks, the participants register their sleep behavior in a sleep diary. The participants will use the study medication during the second and third week. The primary endpoint will be the self-reported sleep disorders at the end of week three, as measured by means of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). To validate these subjective sleep parameters against objectively measured indices of the sleep-wake pattern, we will measure the periods of wakefulness and sleep in a subgroup of participants, using an actigraph worn on the wrist during the entire study period. DISCUSSION The proposed study will contribute to our knowledge about the treatment of sleep disorders in an older population. There is a need for treatments for sleep disorders without serious adverse effects. Acetaminophen might be a simple and inexpensive alternative for the regimes that are currently used with older people. TRIAL REGISTRATION The Netherlands National Trial Register NTR2747.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther M M van de Glind
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Section, Academic Medical Center, P,O, Box 22660, Amsterdam, 1100 DD, The Netherlands.
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Borges RS, Barros TG, Pereira GAN, Batista Jr. J, Beleza Filho RFGP, Veiga AAS, Hamoy M, Mello VJ, Silva ABFD, Barros CAL. A Structure and Antioxidant Activity Study of Paracetamol and Salicylic Acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/pp.2014.513130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Paracetamol—The outcome on neurotransmission and spatial learning in rats. Behav Brain Res 2013; 253:157-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Effect of preemptive and preventive acetaminophen on postoperative pain score: a randomized, double-blind trial of patients undergoing lower extremity surgery. J Clin Anesth 2013; 25:188-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Acetaminophen differentially enhances social behavior and cortical cannabinoid levels in inbred mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012; 38:260-9. [PMID: 22542870 PMCID: PMC3389197 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Supratherapeutic doses of the analgesic acetaminophen (paracetomol) are reported to promote social behavior in Swiss mice. However, we hypothesized that it might not promote sociability in other strains due to cannabinoid CB(1) receptor-mediated inhibition of serotonin (5-HT) transmission in the frontal cortex. We examined the effects of acetaminophen on social and repetitive behaviors in comparison to a cannabinoid agonist, WIN 55,212-2, in two strains of socially-deficient mice, BTBR and 129S1/SvImJ (129S). Acetaminophen (100mg/kg) enhanced social interactions in BTBR, and social novelty preference and marble burying in 129S at serum levels of ≥70 ng/ml. Following acetaminophen injection or sociability testing, anandamide (AEA) increased in BTBR frontal cortex, while behavior testing increased 2-arachidonyl glycerol (2-AG) levels in 129S frontal cortex. In contrast, WIN 55,212-2 (0.1mg/kg) did not enhance sociability. Further, we expected CB(1)-deficient (+/-) mice to be less social than wild-type, but instead found similar sociability. Given strain differences in endocannabinoid response to acetaminophen, we compared cortical CB(1) and 5-HT(1A) receptor density and function relative to sociable C57BL/6 mice. CB(1) receptor saturation binding (Bmax=958±117 fmol/mg protein), and affinity for [(3)H] CP55,940 (K(D)=3±0.8 nM) was similar in frontal cortex among strains. CP55,940-stimulated [(35)S] GTPγS binding in cingulate cortex was 136±12, 156±22, and 75±9% above basal in BTBR, 129S and C57BL/6 mice. The acetaminophen metabolite para-aminophenol (1 μM) failed to stimulate [(35)S] GTPγS binding. Hence, it appears that other indirect actions of acetaminophen, including 5-HT receptor agonism, may underlie its sociability promoting properties outweighing any CB(1) mediated suppression by locally-elevated endocannabinoids in these mice.
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Chandra P, Son NX, Noh HB, Goyal RN, Shim YB. Investigation on the downregulation of dopamine by acetaminophen administration based on their simultaneous determination in urine. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 39:139-44. [PMID: 22884653 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive and selective method is developed for the simultaneous detection of dopamine (DA) and acetaminophen (AP) by reactive blue-4 (RB4) dye entrapped poly1,5-diaminonaphthalne (polyDAN) composite film layer. The polyDAN-RB4 composite is electrochemically developed at glassy carbon electrode. The polymeric film, characterized by XPS and SEM is able to catalyze the oxidation of DA and AP. Two well-defined oxidation peaks are observed in the differential pulse voltammogram (DPV). The experimental parameters affecting the analytical performance are optimized in terms of RB4 concentration, temperature, and pH. The dynamic range for DA and AP analysis is between 0.1-150 and 0.2-164μM with a detection limit of 0.061±0.002 and 0.083±0.003μM, respectively. The anionic form of the polyDAN-RB4 composite repels common metabolites present in serum and urine, and hence no interference is observed. The effect of AP on the DA concentrations in urine is also studied after the oral administration of a single as well as multiple doses. The DA concentrations have been found to decrease nearly 50±3% after prolonged AP administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjal Chandra
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, South Korea
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Mallet C, Barrière DA, Eschalier A. Le paracétamol : un ancêtre plein d’avenir. Therapie 2012; 67:277-81. [DOI: 10.2515/therapie/2012039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Beitollahi H, Mohadesi A, Mohammadi S, Pahlavan A, Karimi-Maleh H, Akbari A. New voltammetric strategy for determination of dopamine in the presence of high concentrations of acetaminophen, folic acid and N-acetylcysteine. J Mol Liq 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Beitollahi H, Sheikhshoaie I. Novel nanostructure-based electrochemical sensor for simultaneous determination of dopamine and acetaminophen. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Jeong HJ, Lee SH, Cho SY, Lee CS, Jeong CW, Yoon MH, Kim WM. Roles of serotonergic and adrenergic receptors in the antinociception of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor in the rat spinal cord. Korean J Pain 2012; 24:179-84. [PMID: 22220238 PMCID: PMC3248580 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2011.24.4.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The analgesic mechanisms of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors have been explained mainly on the basis of the inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis. However, several lines of evidence suggest that their analgesic effects are mediated through serotonergic or adrenergic transmissions. We investigated the roles of these neurotransmitters in the antinociception of a selective COX-2 inhibitor at the spinal level. Methods DUP-697, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, was delivered through an intrathecal catheter to male Sprague-Dawley rats to examine its effect on the flinching responses evoked by formalin injection into the hindpaw. Subsequently, the effects of intrathecal pretreatment with dihydroergocristine, prazosin, and yohimbine, which are serotonergic, α1 adrenergic and α2 adrenergic receptor antagonists, respectively, on the analgesia induced by DUP-697 were assessed. Results Intrathecal DUP-697 reduced the flinching response evoked by formalin injection during phase 1 and 2. But, intrathecal dihydroergocristine, prazosin, and yohimbine had little effect on the antinociception of intrathecal DUP-697 during both phases of the formalin test. Conclusions Intrathecal DUP-697, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, effectively relieved inflammatory pain in rats. Either the serotonergic or adrenergic transmissions might not be involved in the analgesic activity of COX-2 inhibitors at the spinal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Jeong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
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Dogrul A, Seyrek M, Akgul EO, Cayci T, Kahraman S, Bolay H. Systemic paracetamol-induced analgesic and antihyperalgesic effects through activation of descending serotonergic pathways involving spinal 5-HT₇ receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 677:93-101. [PMID: 22206817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Although some studies have shown the essential role of descending serotonergic pathways and spinal 5-HT(1A), 5-HT(2A), or 5-HT(3) receptors in the antinociceptive effects of paracetamol, other studies have presented conflicting results, and the particular subtype of spinal 5-HT receptors involved in paracetamol-induced analgesia remains to be clarified. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of spinal 5-HT(7) receptors in descending serotonergic pain inhibitory pathways. In this study, we investigated the role of descending serotonergic pathways and spinal 5-HT(7) receptors compared with 5-HT(3) and 5-HT(2A) receptors in the antinociceptive and antihyperalgesic effects of paracetamol. Tail-flick, hot plate and plantar incision tests were used to determine nociception in male BALB/c mice. Lesion of serotonergic bulbospinal pathways was performed by intrathecal (i.th.) injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT), and spinal 5-HT levels were measured by HPLC. To evaluate the particular subtypes of the spinal 5-HT receptors, the selective 5-HT(7), 5-HT(3) and 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonists SB 269970, ondansetron and ketanserin, respectively, were given i.th. after oral administration of paracetamol. Oral paracetamol (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) elicits dose-dependent antinociceptive and antihyperalgesic effects. I.th. pretreatment with 5,7-DHT (50 μg) sharply reduced 5-HT levels in the spinal cord. Depletion of spinal 5-HT totally abolished the antinociceptive and antihyperalgesic effects of paracetamol. I.th. injection of SB 2669970 (10 μg) blocked the antinociceptive and antihyperalgesic effects of paracetamol, but ondansetron and ketanserin (10 μg) did not. Our findings suggest that systemic administration of paracetamol may activate descending serotonergic pathways and spinal 5-HT(7) receptors to produce a central antinociceptive and antihyperalgesic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Dogrul
- Department of Pharmacology, Gulhane Academy of Medicine, 06010, Ankara, Turkey.
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Bandschapp O, Filitz J, Urwyler A, Koppert W, Ruppen W. Tropisetron blocks analgesic action of acetaminophen: a human pain model study. Pain 2011; 152:1304-1310. [PMID: 21420788 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Because the mechanism underlying the analgesic action of acetaminophen remains unclear, we investigated the possible interaction of acetaminophen with central serotonergic pathways. The effects of acetaminophen, tropisetron, the combination of both drugs, and saline on pain perception and central sensitization in healthy volunteers were compared. Sixteen healthy volunteers were included in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Intracutaneous electrical stimulation (46.1 ± 19.1 mA) induced acute pain (numeric rating scale, 6 of 10) and stable areas of hyperalgesia and allodynia. Pain intensities and areas of hyperalgesia and allodynia were regularly assessed before, during, and after a 15-min infusion of acetaminophen, tropisetron, the combination of both drugs, and saline. Acetaminophen concentrations were measured to rule out any pharmacokinetic interaction. Both acetaminophen and tropisetron led to decreased pain ratings as compared to saline. However, when acetaminophen and tropisetron were administered simultaneously, the pain ratings were not affected. There was no significant difference in the evolution of the hyperalgesic and allodynic areas during the study period between the study groups (P = .06 and P = .33, respectively). Acetaminophen serum levels were not significantly different when associated with tropisetron (P = .063), although we observed a trend toward lower acetaminophen concentrations when both drugs were concurrently administered. In summary, while the combination of acetaminophen and tropisetron showed no analgesic action, each drug administered alone led to decreased pain ratings as compared to saline. In an electrically evoked human pain model, the combination of acetaminophen with tropisetron was free of any analgesic potential. However, when administered on its own, both acetaminophen and tropisetron were mildly analgesic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Bandschapp
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Babaei A, Dehdashti A, Afrasiabi M. Development of a Method for a Sensitive Simultaneous Determination of Dopamine and Paracetamol in Biological Samples and Pharmaceutical Preparations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.4061/2011/452629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A chemically modified electrode is constructed based on multiwalled carbon nanotube—modified glassy carbon electrode (MWCNTs/GCE). The measurements were carried out by application of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and chronoamperometry (CA) methods. Application of DPV method showed wide linear range of DA from 1 μM to 540 μM and a detection limit of 0.098 μM (S/N=3). The linear range of PAR of 3 μM to 300 μM and a detection limit of 0.15 μM, were obtained. The modified electrode showed electrochemical responses with high sensitivity, high selectivity, and excellent stability for DA and PAR determination at optimal conditions, which makes it a suitable sensor for simultaneous submicromolar detection of DA and PAR in solutions. The analytical performance of this sensor has been evaluated for detection of DA and PAR in human serum, human urine, and pharmaceutical preparation with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Babaei
- Department of Chemistry, Arak University, Arak, P.O. Box 38156-879, Iran
- Research Center for Nanotechnology, Arak University, P.O. Box 38156-879, Iran
| | - Aliyeh Dehdashti
- Department of Chemistry, Arak University, Arak, P.O. Box 38156-879, Iran
| | - Mohammad Afrasiabi
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar Branch, Shoushtar, Iran
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Hamza M, Dionne RA. Mechanisms of non-opioid analgesics beyond cyclooxygenase enzyme inhibition. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2010; 2:1-14. [PMID: 19779578 DOI: 10.2174/1874467210902010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Non-opioid analgesics including both selective and non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors and acetaminophen are the most widely used treatments for pain. Inhibition of COX is thought to be largely responsible for both the therapeutic and adverse effects of this class of drugs. Accumulating evidence over the past two decades has demonstrated effects of non-opioids beyond the inhibition of COX and prostaglandin synthesis that might also explain their therapeutic and adverse effects. These include their interaction with endocannabinoids, nitric oxide, monoaminergic, and cholinergic systems. Moreover, the recent development of microarray technology that allows the study of human gene expression suggests multiple pathways that may be related to the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of non-opioids. The present review will discuss the multiple actions of non-opioids and their interactions with these systems during inflammation and pain, suggesting that COX inhibition is an incomplete explanation for the actions of non-opioids and proposes the involvement of multiple selective targets for their analgesic, as well as, their adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Hamza
- National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Consolaro A, Maldonado VB, Santamaria Júnior M, Consolaro MFMO. Origem das controvérsias sobre os analgésicos após a ativação dos aparelhos ortodônticos: ácido acetilsalicílico ou acetaminofeno? Dental Press J Orthod 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s2176-94512010000100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Hama AT, Sagen J. Cannabinoid receptor-mediated antinociception with acetaminophen drug combinations in rats with neuropathic spinal cord injury pain. Neuropharmacology 2009; 58:758-66. [PMID: 20035773 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pre-clinical evidence demonstrates that neuropathic spinal cord injury (SCI) pain is maintained by a number of neurobiological mechanisms, suggesting that treatments directed at several pain-related targets may be more advantageous compared to a treatment focused on a single target. The current study evaluated the efficacy of the non-opiate analgesic acetaminophen, which has several putative analgesic mechanisms, combined with analgesic drugs used to treat neuropathic pain in a rat model of below-level neuropathic SCI pain. Following an acute compression of the mid-thoracic spinal cord, rats exhibited robust hind paw hypersensitivity to innocuous mechanical stimulation. Fifty percent antinociceptive doses of gabapentin, morphine, tramadol or memantine were combined with an ineffective dose of acetaminophen; acetaminophen alone was not antinociceptive. The combination of acetaminophen with either tramadol or memantine resulted in an additive antinociceptive effect. Acetaminophen combined with either morphine or gabapentin, however, resulted in supra-additive (synergistic) efficacy. One of the analgesic mechanisms of acetaminophen is inhibiting the uptake of endocannabinoids from the extracellular space. Pre-treatment with AM251, a cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1) antagonist, significantly diminished the antinociceptive effect of the acetaminophen + gabapentin combination. Pre-treatment with AM630, a cannabinoid-2 receptor (CB2) antagonist, did not have an effect on this combination. By contrast, both AM251 and AM630 reduced the efficacy of the acetaminophen + morphine combination. None of the active drugs alone were affected by either CB receptor antagonist. The results imply that modulation of the endocannabinoid system in addition to other mechanisms mediate the synergistic antinociceptive effects of acetaminophen combinations. Despite the presence of a cannabinoid mechanism, synergism was not present in all acetaminophen combinations. The combination of currently available drugs may be an appropriate option in ameliorating neuropathic SCI pain if single drug therapy is ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldric T Hama
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace (R-48), Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Stabile A, Stuani M, Leite-Panissi C, Rocha M. Effects of short-term acetaminophen and celecoxib treatment on orthodontic tooth movement and neuronal activation in rat. Brain Res Bull 2009; 79:396-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Revised: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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The analgesic effect of decursinol. Arch Pharm Res 2009; 32:937-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-009-1617-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Opioid, cannabinoid CB1 and NOP receptors do not mediate APAP-induced hypothermia in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2009; 92:503-7. [PMID: 19463266 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2009.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Revised: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) produces antinociception and hypothermia. Because the antinociceptive effect in rats is partially dependent on opioid and cannabinoid CB1 receptor activation, we determined if activation of these receptors also contributes to the hypothermic effect of APAP. Rats injected with APAP (100, 250, 375 or 500 mg/kg, i.p.) displayed dose-related hypothermia. For combined administration, the hypothermic effect of APAP (400 mg/kg, i.p.) was not altered by pretreatment with: naltrexone (10 mg/kg, s.c.), a non-selective opioid antagonist; naltrindole (1 mg/kg, s.c.), a delta opioid antagonist; nor-binaltorphimine (10 mg/kg, i.p.), a kappa opioid antagonist; SR 141716A (3 mg/kg, i.m.), a cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist; or JTC-801(1 mg/kg, i.p.), a nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) receptor antagonist. The demonstration that APAP produces hypothermia independent of opioid, cannabinoid CB1 or NOP receptor activation is contrary to its antinociceptive effect, which requires opioid and cannabinoid CB1 receptor activation.
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Li S, Dou W, Tang Y, Goorha S, Ballou LR, Blatteis CM. Acetaminophen: antipyretic or hypothermic in mice? In either case, PGHS-1b (COX-3) is irrelevant. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2008; 85:89-99. [PMID: 18083054 PMCID: PMC2329595 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2007.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Revised: 10/25/2007] [Accepted: 10/26/2007] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (AC) reduces the core temperatures (T(c)) of febrile and non-febrile mice alike. Evidence has been adduced that the selectively AC-sensitive PGHS isoform, PGHS-1b (COX-3), mediates these effects. PGHS-1b, however, has no catalytic potency in mice. To resolve this contradiction, AC was injected intravenously (i.v.) into conscious PGHS-1 gene-sufficient (wild-type (WT)) and -deficient (PGHS-1(-/-)) mice 60 min before or after pyrogen-free saline (PFS) or E. coli LPS (10 microg/kg) i.v. T(c) was monitored continuously; brain and plasma PGE(2) levels were determined hourly. AC at <160 mg/kg did not affect T(c) when given before PFS or LPS; at 160 mg/kg, it caused a approximately 2.5 degrees C T(c) fall in 60 min. LPS given after AC (all doses) induced a approximately 1 degrees C fever, not different from that in AC-untreated mice. But this rise was insufficient to overcome the hypothermia of the 160 mg/kg-treated mice; their T(c) culminated 1 degrees C below baseline. LPS given before AC similarly elevated T(c) approximately 1 degrees C. This rise was reduced to baseline in 30 min by 80 mg AC/kg; T(c) rebounded to its febrile level over the next 30 min. At 160 mg/kg, AC reduced T(c) to 4 degrees C below baseline in 60 min, where it remained until the end of the experiment. WT and PGHS-1(-/-) mice responded similarly to all the treatments. The basal brain and plasma PGE(2) levels of PFS mice and the elevated plasma levels of LPS mice were unchanged by AC at 160 mg/kg; but the latter's brain levels were reduced at 1h, then recovered. Thus, AC could exert an anti-PGHS-2 effect when this enzyme is upregulated in the brain of febrile mice. The hypothermia it induces in non-febrile mice, therefore, is due to another mechanism. PGHS-1b is not involved in either case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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Millecamps M, Jourdan D, Leger S, Etienne M, Eschalier A, Ardid D. Circadian pattern of spontaneous behavior in monarthritic rats: a novel global approach to evaluation of chronic pain and treatment effectiveness. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 52:3470-8. [PMID: 16258901 DOI: 10.1002/art.21403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preclinical evaluation is an essential step in the assessment of new antiinflammatory or analgesic drugs. This study was undertaken to develop a new mode of evaluation of drug effectiveness based on behavior indicating well-being in a rat model of chronic inflammatory pain. We chose to examine the circadian pattern of spontaneous behavior. METHODS The work was performed with a model of chronic monarthritis induced by Freund's complete adjuvant. Variations in behavioral patterns during the time course of arthritis were analyzed. In a second phase, the impact of acetaminophen and 2 nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (aspirin and celecoxib), which are currently used in clinical practice to treat chronic inflammation, was studied after 7 days of treatment. RESULTS The nocturnal pattern of activity of healthy rats comprised 3 main bursts. Chronic painful monarthritis altered this spontaneous pattern of nocturnal behavior (normal period of activity). Monarthritic rats showed a decrease in the total time spent in activity during the night, and lost their pattern of activity. These behavioral disturbances were reversed after long-term treatment with acetaminophen or celecoxib, with celecoxib appearing to be more effective. Aspirin was ineffective. CONCLUSION These results enabled us to test this new procedure as a means of assessing well-being or ill- being during stages of chronic inflammatory pain in rats, and the effectiveness of repeated pharmacologic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Millecamps
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Laboratory of Pharmacology, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France
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Maharaj DS, Saravanan KS, Maharaj H, Mohanakumar KP, Daya S. Acetaminophen and aspirin inhibit superoxide anion generation and lipid peroxidation, and protect against 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in rats. Neurochem Int 2004; 44:355-60. [PMID: 14643753 DOI: 10.1016/s0197-0186(03)00170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the antioxidant activity of non-narcotic analgesics, acetaminophen and aspirin in rat brain homogenates and neuroprotective effects in vivo in rats intranigrally treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium (MPP+). Both drugs inhibited cyanide-induced superoxide anion generation, as well as lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates, the combination of the agents resulting in a potentiation of this effect. Acetaminophen or aspirin when administered alone or in combination, did not alter dopamine (DA) levels in the forebrain or in the striatum. Intranigral infusion of MPP+ in rats caused severe depletion of striatal DA levels in the ipsilateral striatum in rats by the third day. Systemic post-treatment of acetaminophen afforded partial protection, whereas similar treatment of aspirin resulted in complete blockade of MPP+-induced striatal DA depletion. While these findings suggest usefulness of non-narcotic analgesics in neuroprotective therapy in neurodegenerative diseases, aspirin appears to be a potential candidate in prophylactic as well as in adjuvant therapy in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Maharaj
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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Abstract
Certain features of chronic daily headache, namely, increased headache frequency, expansion of headache area, and cutaneous allodynia, may imply sensitization of central nociceptive neurons in the trigeminal pathway. Repetitive activation of the trigeminal nerve can lead to a biologic and functional change in trigeminal nucleus caudalis neurons, characterized by a decrease in nociceptive threshold and receptive field expansion. Suppression of the endogenous pain control system can facilitate the process of central sensitization. Evidence of such suppression in patients with chronic daily headache includes decreased platelet serotonin, up-regulation of 5-HT2A receptors, increased platelet nitric oxide production, and increased levels of substance P and nerve growth factor in the cerebrospinal fluid. Results from a number of animal experiments have indicated that chronic analgesic exposure leads to changes in serotonin content and density of 5-HT2A receptors in the central nervous system. This plasticity of the serotonin-dependent pain control system may accelerate the process of sensitization; a biologic outcome that is expressed clinically by the development of chronic daily headache associated with analgesic overuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anan Srikiatkhachorn
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Physiology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
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Alloui A, Chassaing C, Schmidt J, Ardid D, Dubray C, Cloarec A, Eschalier A. Paracetamol exerts a spinal, tropisetron-reversible, antinociceptive effect in an inflammatory pain model in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2002; 443:71-7. [PMID: 12044794 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(02)01578-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Experiments were performed in carrageenin-treated rats to study, the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of paracetamol intravenously (i.v.) or intrathecally (i.t.) injected on rats submitted to a mechanical noxious stimulus. The influence of intrathecal tropisetron, a 5 hydroxytryptamine(3) (5-HT(3)) receptor antagonist, on the antinociceptive effects of paracetamol, was also studied. Paracetamol induced a significant antinociceptive effect after (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg) i.v. and (50, 100 and 200 microg/rat) i.t. injection, but no change occurred on edema volume. The effect of paracetamol was totally inhibited by tropisetron (10 microg/rat, i.t.). The foregoing results demonstrate that, in conditions of inflammatory pain, paracetamol exerts a central antinociceptive effect involving spinal 5-HT(3) receptors, without inducing any anti-inflammatory action. These data, give further arguments to consider paracetamol as a central analgesic drug which must be distinguished from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which justifies the usual combination of paracetamol in post-operative pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkrim Alloui
- EMI INSERM/UdA 9904, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, BP 38, 63001 Cedex 1, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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