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Martínez-Caballero MÁ, Calpe-López C, García-Pardo MP, Arenas MC, de la Rubia Ortí JE, Bayona-Babiloni R, Aguilar MA. Behavioural traits related with resilience or vulnerability to the development of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference after exposure of female mice to vicarious social defeat. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 130:110912. [PMID: 38097163 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to stress induced by intermittent repeated social defeat (IRSD) increases vulnerability to the development of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) among male mice; however, some defeated mice are resilient to these effects of stress. In the present study we evaluated the effects of vicarious IRSD (VIRSD) in female mice and explored behavioural traits that are potentially predictive of resilience. C57BL/6 female mice (n = 28) were exposed to VIRSD, which consisted of the animals witnessing a short experience of social defeat by a male mouse on postnatal day (PND) 47, 50, 53 and 56. The control group (n = 10) was not exposed to stress. Blood samples were collected on PND 47 and 56 for corticosterone and interleukin-6 determinations. On PND 57-58, female mice performed several behavioural tests (elevated plus maze, hole-board, object recognition, social interaction, TST and splash tests). Three weeks later, the effects of cocaine (1.5 mg/kg) on the CPP paradigm were assessed. VIRSD decreased corticosterone levels (on PND 56), increased interleukin-6 levels, enhanced novelty-seeking, improved recognition memory and induced anxiety- and depression-like symptoms. Control and VIRSD female mice did not acquire CPP, although some stressed individuals with certain behavioural traits - including a high novelty-seeking profile or the development of depression-like behaviour in the splash test shortly after VIRSD - acquired cocaine CPP. Our results confirm that some behavioural traits of female mice are associated with vulnerability or resilience to the long-term effects of social stress on cocaine reward, as previously observed in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ángeles Martínez-Caballero
- Neurobehavioural Mechanisms and Endophenotypes of Addictive Behaviour Research Unit, Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Claudia Calpe-López
- Neurobehavioural Mechanisms and Endophenotypes of Addictive Behaviour Research Unit, Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Pilar García-Pardo
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | | | | | - Raquel Bayona-Babiloni
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Martir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Asunción Aguilar
- Neurobehavioural Mechanisms and Endophenotypes of Addictive Behaviour Research Unit, Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Sayson LV, Ortiz DM, Lee HJ, Kim M, Custodio RJP, Yun J, Lee CH, Lee YS, Cha HJ, Cheong JH, Kim HJ. Deletion of Cryab increases the vulnerability of mice to the addiction-like effects of the cannabinoid JWH-018 via upregulation of striatal NF-κB expression. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1135929. [PMID: 37007015 PMCID: PMC10060981 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1135929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoids have exhibited unpredictable abuse liabilities, especially self-administration (SA) responses in normal rodent models, despite seemingly inducing addiction-like effects in humans. Thus, an efficient pre-clinical model must be developed to determine cannabinoid abuse potential in animals and describe the mechanism that may mediate cannabinoid sensitivity. The Cryab knockout (KO) mice were recently discovered to be potentially sensitive to the addictive effects of psychoactive drugs. Herein, we examined the responses of Cryab KO mice to JWH-018 using SA, conditioned place preference, and electroencephalography. Additionally, the effects of repeated JWH-018 exposure on endocannabinoid- and dopamine-related genes in various addiction-associated brain regions were examined, along with protein expressions involving neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity. Cryab KO mice exhibited greater cannabinoid-induced SA responses and place preference, along with divergent gamma wave alterations, compared to wild-type (WT) mice, implying their higher sensitivity to cannabinoids. Endocannabinoid- or dopamine-related mRNA expressions and accumbal dopamine concentrations after repeated JWH-018 exposure were not significantly different between the WT and Cryab KO mice. Further analyses revealed that repeated JWH-018 administration led to possibly greater neuroinflammation in Cryab KO mice, which may arise from upregulated NF-κB, accompanied by higher expressions of synaptic plasticity markers, which might have contributed to the development of cannabinoid addiction-related behavior in Cryab KO mice. These findings signify that increased neuroinflammation via NF-κB may mediate the enhanced addiction-like responses of Cryab KO mice to cannabinoids. Altogether, Cryab KO mice may be a potential model for cannabinoid abuse susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Val Sayson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Darlene Mae Ortiz
- Department of Pharmacy, Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Raly James Perez Custodio
- Department of Ergonomics, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors—IfADo, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jaesuk Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Hyeon Lee
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sup Lee
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Cha
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam–do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- Institute for New Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Jae Hoon Cheong, ; Hee Jin Kim,
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Jae Hoon Cheong, ; Hee Jin Kim,
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Reguilón MD, Ballestín R, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. Resilience to social defeat stress in adolescent male mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 119:110591. [PMID: 35697171 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adverse social experiences during adolescence are associated with the appearance of mental illness in adulthood. Social defeat (SD) is an ethologically valid murine model to study the consequences of social stress. In adolescent mice, SD induces depressive-like behaviors, increased anxiety and potentiates the reinforcing effects of cocaine and alcohol. However, not all mice exposed to SD will be susceptible to these effects. Adult mice resilient to the effects of SD show a consistent phenotype being resilient to depressive-like behaviors and to the increase in cocaine and alcohol consumption. The aim of the present study was to characterize the resilient phenotype to depressive-like behaviors and increase cocaine and ethanol rewarding effects of mice socially defeated during adolescence. To that end, adolescent mice were exposed to repeated SD, and 24 h after the last encounter, they underwent a social interaction test (SIT) in order to evaluate depressive-like behaviors. Cocaine-induced reward conditioning and ethanol intake was evaluated in two different sets of mice 3 weeks after the last SD using cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and oral ethanol self-administration (SA). The neuroinflammation response was measured at the end of the experimental procedure by measuring striatal and cortical levels of IL-6 and CX3CL1. The results confirmed that a comparable percentage of adolescent mice develop resilience to depressive-like behaviors to that observed in adult mice. However, increased anxiety was more severe in resilient mice. Likewise, an increased preference for an ineffective dose of cocaine and an increased ethanol consumption was observed in resilient mice compared to controls. The increase in IL-6 and CX3CL1 was mainly observed in the striatum of susceptible mice compared to that of control mice. Our results confirm that, contrary to prior assumptions in adults, responses to SD stress are more complex and singular in adolescents, and caution should be taken for the correct interpretation and translation of those phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina D Reguilón
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raúl Ballestín
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
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Singh A, Xie Y, Davis A, Wang ZJ. Early social isolation stress increases addiction vulnerability to heroin and alters c-Fos expression in the mesocorticolimbic system. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:1081-1095. [PMID: 34997861 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-06024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Adverse psychosocial factors during early childhood or adolescence compromise neural structure and brain function, inducing susceptibility for many psychiatric disorders such as substance use disorder. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying early life stress-induced addiction vulnerability is still unclear, especially for opioids. OBJECTIVES To address this, we used a mouse heroin self-administration model to examine how chronic early social isolation (ESI) stress (5 weeks, beginning at weaning) affects the behavioral and neural responses to heroin during adulthood. RESULTS We found that ESI stress did not alter the acquisition for sucrose or heroin self-administration, nor change the motivation for sucrose on a progressive ratio schedule. However, ESI stress induced an upward shift of heroin dose-response curve in female mice and increased motivation and seeking for heroin in both sexes. Furthermore, we examined the neuronal activity (measured by c-Fos expression) within the key brain regions of the mesocorticolimbic system, including the prelimbic cortex (PrL), infralimbic cortex (IL), nucleus accumbens (NAc) core and shell, caudate putamen, and ventral tegmental area (VTA). We found that ESI stress dampened c-Fos expression in the PrL, IL, and VTA after 14-day forced abstinence, while augmented the neuronal responses to heroin-predictive context and cue in the IL and NAc core. Moreover, ESI stress disrupted the association between c-Fos expression and attempted infusions during heroin-seeking test in the PrL. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that ESI stress leads to increased seeking and motivation for heroin, and this may be associated with distinct changes in neuronal activities in different subregions of the mesocorticolimbic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Ashton Davis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Zi-Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
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Amaral IM, Scheffauer L, Langeder AB, Hofer A, El Rawas R. Rewarding Social Interaction in Rats Increases CaMKII in the Nucleus Accumbens. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1886. [PMID: 34944702 PMCID: PMC8698734 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is known to be involved in the sensitized locomotor responses and drug-seeking behavior to psychostimulants. However, little is known about the contribution of CaMKII signaling in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in natural rewards such as social interaction. The present experiments explored the implication of CaMKII signaling in drug versus natural reward. In the NAc of rats expressing cocaine or social interaction conditioned place preference (CPP), αCaMKII activation was induced in those expressing social interaction but not cocaine CPP. In order to investigate the role of NAc CaMKII in the expression of reward-related learning of drug versus non-drug stimuli, we inhibited CaMKII through an infusion of KN-93, a CaMKII inhibitor, directly into the NAc shell or core, before the CPP test in a concurrent paradigm in which social interaction was made available in the compartment alternative to the one associated with cocaine during conditioning. Whereas vehicle infusions led to equal preference to both stimuli, inhibition of CaMKII by a KN-93 infusion before the CPP test in the shell but not the core of the NAc shifted the rats' preference toward the cocaine-associated compartment. Altogether, these results suggest that social interaction reward engages CaMKII in the NAc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rana El Rawas
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (I.M.A.); (L.S.); (A.B.L.); (A.H.)
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Meng S, Yan W, Liu X, Gong Y, Tian S, Wu P, Sun Y, Shi J, Lu L, Yuan K, Xue Y. Social Interaction With Relapsed Partner Facilitates Cocaine Relapse in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:750397. [PMID: 34671262 PMCID: PMC8520921 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.750397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Social factors strongly contribute to drug use and relapse, and epidemiological studies have found that members of peer groups influence each other to use drugs. However, previous animal models mostly failed to incorporate social factors and demonstrate the effects of social partners on drug addiction and relapse. In the present study, we investigated the transfer of relapse to cocaine seeking between drug-addicted partners in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pair-housed and subjected to training and extinction of cocaine self-administration and conditioned place preference (CPP). 24 h after extinction test, the targeted rats interacted with a cocaine-primed (relapsed) partner or stranger, or saline-injected (unrelapsed) partner for 30 min, after which the targeted rats were tested for drug seeking behavior. We found that social interaction with a relapsed partner increased drug seeking behavior in cocaine self-administration and CPP models in rats, while social interaction with an unrelapsed partner or relapsed stranger had no effect on cocaine seeking. Moreover, the effect of social interaction on cocaine seeking could last for at least 1 day. Our findings demonstrate a facilitation effect of relapsed social partners on drug relapse in rats and provide a novel animal model for social transfer of drug relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiu Meng
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxing Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yimiao Gong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Tian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shi
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxue Xue
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
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7
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Calpe-López C, Gasparyan A, Navarrete F, Manzanares J, Miñarro J, Aguilar MA. Cannabidiol prevents priming- and stress-induced reinstatement of the conditioned place preference induced by cocaine in mice. J Psychopharmacol 2021; 35:864-874. [PMID: 33427014 DOI: 10.1177/0269881120965952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocaine dependence is an important problem without any effective pharmacological treatment. Some preclinical studies have suggested that cannabidiol (CBD), a component of the Cannabis sativa plant, could be useful for the treatment of cocaine use disorders. AIMS This work aims to evaluate the ability of CBD to reduce priming- and stress-induced reinstatement of the conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by cocaine. METHODS Young adult CD-1 male mice were allocated to 10 groups (n = 12/group), conditioned with cocaine (10 mg/kg) and exposed to extinction of CPP (two sessions per week). When extinction was achieved, each group received the corresponding treatment before the reinstatement test. In experiment 1, six groups were used: vehicle+saline (Veh+Sal), 5 mg/kg cocaine alone (Veh+Coc) or with CBD 30 or 60 mg/kg (CBD30+Coc, CBD60+Coc) and CBD alone (CBD30+Sal, CBD60+Sal). In experiment 2, four groups were used: exploration (Veh+Expl), social defeat (Veh+SD) and social defeat with CBD (CBD30+SD and CBD60+SD). Furthermore, the relative gene expression of the dopamine transporter (DAT) in the ventral tegmental area was measured. RESULTS All mice acquired cocaine CPP and extinguished it after three or four weeks. Only the groups treated with cocaine priming (Veh+Coc) or exposed to social defeat (Veh+SD) showed reinstatement of CPP. Interestingly, CBD itself did not induce reinstatement and blocked the reinstating effects of cocaine priming and social defeat. Furthermore, cocaine priming increased DAT gene expression in the ventral tegmental area and CBD completely reversed this effect. CONCLUSION These results suggest that CBD could reduce reinstatement to cocaine seeking after a period of abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Calpe-López
- Unit of Research 'Neurobehavioural mechanisms and endophenotypes of addictive behaviour', Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ani Gasparyan
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain.,Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Navarrete
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain.,Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Manzanares
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain.,Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Miñarro
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain.,Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria A Aguilar
- Unit of Research 'Neurobehavioural mechanisms and endophenotypes of addictive behaviour', Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Noschang C, Lampert C, Krolow R, de Almeida RMM. Social isolation at adolescence: a systematic review on behaviour related to cocaine, amphetamine and nicotine use in rats and mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:927-947. [PMID: 33606060 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05777-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is known for its high level of risk-taking, and neurobiological alterations during this period may predispose to psychoactive drug initiation and progression into more severe use patterns. Stress is a risk factor for drug consumption, and post-weaning social isolation increases drug self-administration in rodents. This review aimed to provide an overview of the effects of adolescent social isolation on cocaine, amphetamine and nicotine use-related behaviours, highlighting the specific period when animals were submitted to stress and these drugs. We wondered if there was a specific period during adolescence that isolation stress would increase drug use vulnerability. A total of 323 publications from the Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed (Medline) electronic databases were identified using the words "social isolation" and "adolescence" and "drug" or "cocaine" or "amphetamine" or "nicotine", resulting in 24 articles after analyses criteria following the PRISMA statement. The main points raised were social isolation during adolescence increased cocaine self-administration, amphetamine and nicotine locomotor activity. We did not observe a pattern of a specific moment during the adolescent period that could lead to an increased vulnerability to drug use. The precise conditions under which adolescent social stress alters drug use parameters are complex and likely depend on several factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Noschang
- Institute of Psychology, Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Neuroscience and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 2600 Ramiro Barcelos St., Room 216, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil.
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - C Lampert
- Institute of Psychology, Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Neuroscience and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 2600 Ramiro Barcelos St., Room 216, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - R Krolow
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - R M M de Almeida
- Institute of Psychology, Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Neuroscience and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 2600 Ramiro Barcelos St., Room 216, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil
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9
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Guerrero-Bautista R, Franco-García A, Hidalgo JM, Fernández-Gómez FJ, Ribeiro Do Couto B, Milanés MV, Núñez C. Distinct Regulation of Dopamine D3 Receptor in the Basolateral Amygdala and Dentate Gyrus during the Reinstatement of Cocaine CPP Induced by Drug Priming and Social Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3100. [PMID: 33803578 PMCID: PMC8002864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Relapse in the seeking and intake of cocaine is one of the main challenges when treating its addiction. Among the triggering factors for the recurrence of cocaine use are the re-exposure to the drug and stressful events. Cocaine relapse engages the activity of memory-related nuclei, such as the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), which are responsible for emotional and episodic memories. Moreover, D3 receptor (D3R) antagonists have recently arisen as a potential treatment for preventing drug relapse. Thus, we have assessed the impact of D3R blockade in the expression of some dopaminergic markers and the activity of the mTOR pathway, which is modulated by D3R, in the BLA and DG during the reinstatement of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) evoked by drug priming and social stress. Reinstatement of cocaine CPP paralleled an increasing trend in D3R and dopamine transporter (DAT) levels in the BLA. Social stress, but not drug-induced reactivation of cocaine memories, was prevented by systemic administration of SB-277011-A (a selective D3R antagonist), which was able, however, to impede D3R and DAT up-regulation in the BLA during CPP reinstatement evoked by both stress and cocaine. Concomitant with cocaine CPP reactivation, a diminution in mTOR phosphorylation (activation) in the BLA and DG occurred, which was inhibited by D3R blockade in both nuclei before the social stress episode and only in the BLA when CPP reinstatement was provoked by a cocaine prime. Our data, while supporting a main role for D3R signalling in the BLA in the reactivation of cocaine memories evoked by social stress, indicate that different neural circuits and signalling mechanisms might mediate in the reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behaviours depending upon the triggering stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Guerrero-Bautista
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (R.G.-B.); (A.F.-G.); (J.M.H.); (F.J.F.-G.)
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Aurelio Franco-García
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (R.G.-B.); (A.F.-G.); (J.M.H.); (F.J.F.-G.)
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Juana M. Hidalgo
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (R.G.-B.); (A.F.-G.); (J.M.H.); (F.J.F.-G.)
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Francisco José Fernández-Gómez
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (R.G.-B.); (A.F.-G.); (J.M.H.); (F.J.F.-G.)
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Bruno Ribeiro Do Couto
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain;
- Department of Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - M. Victoria Milanés
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (R.G.-B.); (A.F.-G.); (J.M.H.); (F.J.F.-G.)
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Cristina Núñez
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (R.G.-B.); (A.F.-G.); (J.M.H.); (F.J.F.-G.)
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain;
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10
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Housing conditions during self-administration determine motivation for cocaine in mice following chronic social defeat stress. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:41-54. [PMID: 32914243 PMCID: PMC8162736 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05657-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Stress exposure has a lasting impact on motivated behavior and can exacerbate existing vulnerabilities for developing a substance use disorder. Several models have been developed to examine how stressful experiences shape drug reward. These range from locomotor sensitization and conditioned place preference to the propensity for drug self-administration or responding to drug-predictive cues. While self-administration studies are considered to have more translational relevance, most of the studies to date have been conducted in rats. Further, many self-administration studies are conducted in single-housed animals, adding the additional stressor of social isolation. OBJECTIVES We sought to establish how chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) and social housing conditions impact cocaine self-administration and cocaine-seeking behaviors in C57BL/6 mice. METHODS We assessed self-administration behavior (cocaine or saline, 0.5 mg/kg/infusion) in C57BL/6 mice subjected to 10-day CSDS or in unstressed controls. Mice were housed either in pairs or in isolation during self-administration. We compared the effect of housing on acquisition of self-administration, seeking, extinction, drug-induced reinstatement, and after re-exposure to the social stressor. RESULTS Pair-housing during self-administration revealed increased social avoidance after CSDS is associated with decreased cocaine intake. In contrast, single-housing revealed stress-sensitive cocaine intake, with increased social avoidance after CSDS associated with increased early cocaine intake. Pair-, but not single-housed mice are susceptible to drug-induced reinstatement independent of CSDS history. Stress re-exposure sensitized cocaine-seeking in stressed single-housed mice. CONCLUSIONS The social context surrounding cocaine intake can bidirectionally influence cocaine-related behaviors after psychosocial stress and should be considered when studying stress and drug cross-sensitization.
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11
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Lemos C, Salti A, Amaral IM, Fontebasso V, Singewald N, Dechant G, Hofer A, El Rawas R. Social interaction reward in rats has anti-stress effects. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12878. [PMID: 31984611 PMCID: PMC7757251 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Social interaction in an alternative context can be beneficial against drugs of abuse. Stress is known to be a risk factor that can exacerbate the effects of addictive drugs. In this study, we investigated whether the positive effects of social interaction are mediated through a decrease in stress levels. For that purpose, rats were trained to express cocaine or social interaction conditioned place preference (CPP). Behavioural, hormonal, and molecular stress markers were evaluated. We found that social CPP decreased the percentage of incorrect transitions of grooming and corticosterone to the level of naïve untreated rats. In addition, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) was increased in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis after cocaine CPP. In order to study the modulation of social CPP by the CRF system, rats received intracerebroventricular CRF or alpha-helical CRF, a nonselective antagonist of CRF receptors. The subsequent effects on CPP to cocaine or social interaction were observed. CRF injections increased cocaine CPP, whereas alpha-helical CRF injections decreased cocaine CPP. However, alpha-helical CRF injections potentiated social CPP. When social interaction was made available in an alternative context, CRF-induced increase of cocaine preference was reversed completely to the level of rats receiving cocaine paired with alpha-helical CRF. This reversal of cocaine preference was also paralleled by a reversal in CRF-induced increase of p38 MAPK expression in the nucleus accumbens shell. These findings suggest that social interaction could contribute as a valuable component in treatment of substance use disorders by reducing stress levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lemos
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Division of Psychiatry I Medical University Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Ahmad Salti
- Institute of Molecular Biology University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Inês M. Amaral
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Division of Psychiatry I Medical University Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Veronica Fontebasso
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Nicolas Singewald
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Georg Dechant
- Institute for Neuroscience Medical University Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Alex Hofer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Division of Psychiatry I Medical University Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Rana El Rawas
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Division of Psychiatry I Medical University Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
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12
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Amaral IM, Lemos C, Cera I, Dechant G, Hofer A, El Rawas R. Involvement of cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase in the Nucleus Accumbens in Cocaine Versus Social Interaction Reward. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E345. [PMID: 33396297 PMCID: PMC7794935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that PKA activity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays an essential role in reward-related learning. In this study, we investigated whether PKA is differentially involved in the expression of learning produced by either natural reinforcers or psychostimulants. For that purpose, we inhibited PKA through a bilateral infusion of Rp-cAMPS, a specific PKA inhibitor, directly into the NAc. The effects of PKA inhibition in the NAc on the expression of concurrent conditioned place preference (CPP) for cocaine (drug) and social interaction (natural reward) in rats were evaluated. We found that PKA inhibition increased the expression of cocaine preference. This effect was not due to altered stress levels or decreased social reward. PKA inhibition did not affect the expression of natural reward as intra-NAc Rp-cAMPS infusion did not affect expression of social preference. When rats were trained to express cocaine or social interaction CPP and tested for eventual persisting preference 7 and 14 days after CPP expression, cocaine preference was persistent, but social preference was abolished after the first test. These results suggest that PKA in the NAc is involved in drug reward learning that might lead to addiction and that only drug, but not natural, reward is persistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês M. Amaral
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (I.M.A.); (C.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Cristina Lemos
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (I.M.A.); (C.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Isabella Cera
- Institute for Neuroscience, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (I.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Georg Dechant
- Institute for Neuroscience, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (I.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Alex Hofer
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (I.M.A.); (C.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Rana El Rawas
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (I.M.A.); (C.L.); (A.H.)
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13
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Guerrero-Bautista R, Franco-García A, Hidalgo JM, Fernández-Gómez F, Milanés MV, Núñez C. Blockade of D3 receptor prevents changes in DAT and D3R expression in the mesolimbic dopaminergic circuit produced by social stress- and cocaine prime-induced reinstatement of cocaine-CPP. J Psychopharmacol 2020; 34:1300-1315. [PMID: 32648812 DOI: 10.1177/0269881120936468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocaine may cause persistent changes in the brain, which are more apparent in DA transporter (DAT) and DA receptor availability within the nucleus accumbens (NAc). On the other hand, the DA D3 receptor (D3R) has emerged as a promising pharmacotherapeutic target for substance use disorders. AIMS This study aims to assess the impact of selective D3R antagonism on DAT and D3R after reinstatement of cocaine preference (CPP) induced by an acute session of social defeat stress (SDS) and a cocaine prime in mice after a period of abstinence. METHODS Male mice were conditioned with 25 mg/kg of cocaine for 4 days. After 60 days of extinction training mice were pretreated with the selective D3R antagonist SB-277011A before the re-exposure to a priming dose of cocaine or to a single SDS session. CPP scores were determined and levels of DAT, D3R, phospho Akt (pAkt) and phospho mTOR (pmTOR) were assessed in the NAc shell. RESULTS An increase in DAT and D3R expression was seen in the NAc after both a cocaine prime- and SDS-induced reinstatement of CPP. Pretreatment with SB-277011A blocked elevated DAT and D3R expression as well as SDS-induced reinstatement. By contrast, the blockade of D3R did not modified the cocaine prime-induced CPP. Changes in DAT and D3R expression do not seem to occur via the canonic pathway involving Akt/mTOR. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the selective D3R antagonist ability to inhibit DAT and D3R up-regulation could represent a possible mechanism for its behavioral effects in cocaine-memories reinstatement induced by social stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Guerrero-Bautista
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Murcia, Spain.,Murcia Research Institute of Health Sciences (IMIB), Avda. Buenavista, Murcia, Spain
| | - Aurelio Franco-García
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Murcia, Spain.,Murcia Research Institute of Health Sciences (IMIB), Avda. Buenavista, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juana M Hidalgo
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Murcia, Spain.,Murcia Research Institute of Health Sciences (IMIB), Avda. Buenavista, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Fernández-Gómez
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Murcia, Spain.,Murcia Research Institute of Health Sciences (IMIB), Avda. Buenavista, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Victoria Milanés
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Murcia, Spain.,Murcia Research Institute of Health Sciences (IMIB), Avda. Buenavista, Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristina Núñez
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Murcia, Spain.,Murcia Research Institute of Health Sciences (IMIB), Avda. Buenavista, Murcia, Spain
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14
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Critical role of TLR4 in uncovering the increased rewarding effects of cocaine and ethanol induced by social defeat in male mice. Neuropharmacology 2020; 182:108368. [PMID: 33132187 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use disorders and social stress are currently associated with changes in the immune system response by which they induce a proinflammatory state in neurons and glial cells that eventually modulates the reward system. AIMS The aim of the present work was to assess the role of the immune TLR4 (Toll-like receptors 4) and its signaling response in the increased contextual reinforcing effects of cocaine and reinforcing effects of ethanol (EtOH) induced by social defeat (SD) stress. METHODS Adult male C57BL/6 J wild-type (WT) mice and mice deficient in TLR4 (TLR4-KO) were assigned to experimental groups according to stress condition (exploration or SD). Three weeks after the last SD, conditioned place preference (CPP) was induced by a subthreshold cocaine dose (1 mg/kg), while another set underwent EtOH 6% operant self-administration (SA). Several inflammatory molecules were analyzed in the hippocampus and the striatum. RESULTS SD induced higher vulnerability to the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine only in defeated WT mice. Similarly, defeated WT mice exhibited higher 6% EtOH consumption, an effect that was not observed in the defeated TLR4-KO group. However, the motivation to obtain the drug was observed in both genotypes of defeated animals. Notably, a significant upregulation of the protein proinflammatory markers NFkBp-p65, IL-1β, IL-17 A and COX-2 were observed only in the defeated WT mice, but not in their defeated TLR4-KO counterparts. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that TLR4 receptors mediate the neuroinflammatory response underlying the increase in the rewarding effects of cocaine and EtOH induced by social stress.
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15
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Social interaction reward: A resilience approach to overcome vulnerability to drugs of abuse. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 37:12-28. [PMID: 32624295 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a multifactorial disorder resulting from the complex interaction between biological, environmental and drug-induced effects. Generally, stress is a well-known risk factor for the development of drug addiction and relapse. While most of the research focuses on risk factors that increase the vulnerability to drugs of abuse, recent studies are focusing on the areas of strength/positive coping approaches that can increase resistance to drugs of abuse. In this review, we concentrate on resilience, seen as a dynamic process, which can allow individuals to positively adapt within the context of a specific risk for psychiatric illness. Here, we discuss the effects of social stress in animal models on drug use, particularly cocaine. In contrast, we suggest social interaction reward when available as an alternative to drug use as an approach contracting negative stress effects and increasing resistance to drug use. Indeed, interventions, which aim at enhancing resilience to stress through the facilitation of social interaction and the enhancement of social support, could be particularly effective in helping people cope with stress and preventing drug use problems or relapse. Finally, understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying protective factors such as social interaction reward should provide the basis for future evidence-based interventions targeting substance abuse and stress-related pathologies.
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16
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Xu L, Nan J, Lan Y. The Nucleus Accumbens: A Common Target in the Comorbidity of Depression and Addiction. Front Neural Circuits 2020; 14:37. [PMID: 32694984 PMCID: PMC7338554 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2020.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The comorbidity of depression and addiction has become a serious public health issue, and the relationship between these two disorders and their potential mechanisms has attracted extensive attention. Numerous studies have suggested that depression and addiction share common mechanisms and anatomical pathways. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) has long been considered a key brain region for regulating many behaviors, especially those related to depression and addiction. In this review article, we focus on the association between addiction and depression, highlighting the potential mediating role of the NAc in this comorbidity via the regulation of changes in the neural circuits and molecular signaling. To clarify the mechanisms underlying this association, we summarize evidence from overlapping reward neurocircuitry, the resemblance of cellular and molecular mechanisms, and common treatments. Understanding the interplay between these disorders should help guide clinical comorbidity prevention and the search for a new target for comorbidity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University School of Medicine, Yanji City, China
| | - Jun Nan
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji City, China
| | - Yan Lan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University School of Medicine, Yanji City, China
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17
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Duart-Castells L, Blanco-Gandía MC, Ferrer-Pérez C, Puster B, Pubill D, Miñarro J, Escubedo E, Rodríguez-Arias M. Cross-reinstatement between 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) and cocaine using conditioned place preference. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 100:109876. [PMID: 31991149 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is a new psychoactive substance (NPS) considered to be a cocaine-like psychostimulant. The substitution of an established illicit drug as cocaine with an NPS is a pattern of use reported among drug users. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cocaine and MDPV in the reinstatement of the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm, in order to establish whether there is cross-reinstatement between the two psychostimulants. Four experimental groups of male OF1 mice were subjected to the CPP paradigm: MDPV-MDPV, Cocaine-Cocaine, Cocaine-MDPV, and MDPV-Cocaine. The first drug refers to the substance with which the animals were conditioned (cocaine 10 mg/kg or MDPV 2 mg/kg) and the s to the substance with which preference was reinstated. In parallel, G9a, ΔFosB, CB1 receptor, CDK5, Arc and c-Fos were determined in ventral striatum. MDPV induced CPP at doses from 1 to 4 mg/kg. Although 2 mg/kg MDPV induced a stronger psychostimulant effect than 10 mg/kg cocaine, both doses seemed to be equivalent in their rewarding properties. However, memories associated with MDPV required more time to be extinguished. MDPV and cocaine restore drug-seeking behavior with respect to each other, although relapse into drug-taking is always more pronounced with the conditioning drug. The fact that MDPV-treated mice show increased ΔFosB protein levels correlates with its longer extinction time and points to the activation of neuroplasticity mechanisms that persist for at least 12 days. Moreover, in these animals, a priming-dose of cocaine can trigger significant neuroplasticity, implying a high vulnerability to cocaine abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Duart-Castells
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacology Section and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Carmen Blanco-Gandía
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, C/ Ciudad Escolar s/n, 44003 Teruel, Spain
| | - Carmen Ferrer-Pérez
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Brigitte Puster
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacology Section and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Pubill
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacology Section and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Escubedo
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacology Section and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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18
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Sampedro-Piquero P, Ladrón de Guevara-Miranda D, Pavón FJ, Serrano A, Suárez J, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Santín LJ, Castilla-Ortega E. Neuroplastic and cognitive impairment in substance use disorders: a therapeutic potential of cognitive stimulation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 106:23-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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19
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Ferrer-Pérez C, Reguilón MD, Manzanedo C, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. Social Housing Conditions Modulate the Long-Lasting Increase in Cocaine Reward Induced by Intermittent Social Defeat. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:148. [PMID: 31333427 PMCID: PMC6622358 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Social defeat is considered the most representative animal model for studying the consequences of social stress. Intermittent social defeat (ISD) has proved to enhance the response to cocaine hedonic properties. In the present research, we evaluated if different social housing conditions, as housing with a familiar conspecific or with a female, exert a protective effect modulating the negative consequences of ISD as the increased sensitivity to cocaine and the induction of anxiety-like behavior. To achieve this objective, non-stressed or ISD OF1 male mice were divided into five different experimental groups according to their social environment: standard housing (four adult males per cage); male adolescent or adult in pairs (two males per cage); and adult males housed with a female for a short or long period (3 days vs. the whole duration of the study). Anxiety-like behavior was evaluated 19 days after the last episode of ISD using an elevated plus maze (EPM), and 24 h later the animals underwent a conditioned place preference paradigm (CPP) induced by a sub-threshold dose of cocaine (1 mg/kg). Following CPP, biological samples were taken to measure striatal levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and plasmatic levels of oxytocin (OT). Our results confirmed that ISD animals housed in standard condition displayed an anxious phenotype, developed CPP and had increased levels of IL-6 in the striatum. However, animals housed with a female or with a familiar male since adolescence did not develop CPP and were protected against the anxiogenic and neuroinflammatory potential of ISD stress. In the group of animals paired with a female throughout the experimental procedure, an increase in OT levels may have underlain this buffering effect, while the protective effect of being housed with a familiar male mouse seems to be related with a better resolution of the stress response. The present results expand our knowledge of the neurobiology of vulnerability to drug addiction and highlight the benefit of social support for recovery from the adverse effects of social stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Ferrer-Pérez
- Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marina D Reguilón
- Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Manzanedo
- Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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20
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Guerrero-Bautista R, Do Couto BR, Hidalgo JM, Cárceles-Moreno FJ, Molina G, Laorden ML, Núñez C, Milanés MV. Modulation of stress- and cocaine prime-induced reinstatement of conditioned place preference after memory extinction through dopamine D3 receptor. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 92:308-320. [PMID: 30707990 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that dopamine (DA) D3 receptor (DAD3R) antagonists appear highly promising in attenuating cocaine reward and relapse in preclinical models of addiction. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the selective DAD3R antagonist SB-277011-A on the reinstatement of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) produced by a priming dose of cocaine, by social defeat stress and by two kinds of physiological stressors (restraint and tail pinch) in male adult mice. We also explored reinstatement-related plasma corticosterone levels (as marker of stress response) and the effects of blocking DAD3R. Administration of SB-277011-A (24 or 48 mg/kg i.p.) did not modify conditioned reinstatement of cocaine seeking triggered by cocaine prime. By contrast, we found that the vulnerability to reinstatement of the CPP of defeated animals that have undergone CPP extinction was abolished by the DAD3R antagonist (24 mg/kg) given 30 min before the test session. Reactivation of the CPP response produced by physiological stress stimuli was also attenuated by SB-277011-A (48 mg/kg i.p.). On the other hand, the blockade of DAD3R significantly prevented the increased corticosterone release during reinstatement of cocaine-induced CPP that was seen in social defeated animals, in mice suffering physiological stress and after cocaine prime. Present results demonstrate a modulation by DAD3R of the reactivation of the incentive value of cocaine-associated cues induced by social and physiological stress stimuli, which was associated to a glucocorticoid-dependent mechanism. Our results also point to a possible potential therapeutic use of selective DAD3R antagonists for the prevention of stress-induced cocaine-seeking and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Guerrero-Bautista
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; Murcia Research Institute of Health Sciences (IMIB-Arrixaca), Avda. Buenavista, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Bruno Ribeiro Do Couto
- Department of Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Juana M Hidalgo
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; Murcia Research Institute of Health Sciences (IMIB-Arrixaca), Avda. Buenavista, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco José Cárceles-Moreno
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - M Luisa Laorden
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; Murcia Research Institute of Health Sciences (IMIB-Arrixaca), Avda. Buenavista, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristina Núñez
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; Murcia Research Institute of Health Sciences (IMIB-Arrixaca), Avda. Buenavista, 30120 Murcia, Spain.
| | - M Victoria Milanés
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; Murcia Research Institute of Health Sciences (IMIB-Arrixaca), Avda. Buenavista, 30120 Murcia, Spain.
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21
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García‐Pardo MP, Miñarro J, Llansola M, Felipo V, Aguilar MA. Role ofNMDAandAMPAglutamatergic receptors in the effects of social defeat on the rewarding properties ofMDMAin mice. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 50:2623-2634. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. P. García‐Pardo
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias Departamento de Psicobiología Facultad de Psicología Universidad de Valencia Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21 46010 Valencia Spain
- Unitat Predepartamental de Medicina Facultat de Ciències de la Salut Universitat Jaume I. Castelló de la Plana Castelló Spain
| | - J. Miñarro
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias Departamento de Psicobiología Facultad de Psicología Universidad de Valencia Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21 46010 Valencia Spain
| | - M. Llansola
- Laboratory of Neurobiology Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe Valencia Spain
| | - V. Felipo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe Valencia Spain
| | - M. A. Aguilar
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias Departamento de Psicobiología Facultad de Psicología Universidad de Valencia Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21 46010 Valencia Spain
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Newman EL, Leonard MZ, Arena DT, de Almeida RMM, Miczek KA. Social defeat stress and escalation of cocaine and alcohol consumption: Focus on CRF. Neurobiol Stress 2018; 9:151-165. [PMID: 30450381 PMCID: PMC6236516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Both the ostensibly aversive effects of unpredictable episodes of social stress and the intensely rewarding effects of drugs of abuse activate the mesocorticolimbic dopamine systems. Significant neuroadaptations in interacting stress and reward neurocircuitry may underlie the striking connection between stress and substance use disorders. In rodent models, recurring intermittent exposure to social defeat stress appears to produce a distinct profile of neuroadaptations that translates most readily to the repercussions of social stress in humans. In the present review, preclinical rodent models of social defeat stress and subsequent alcohol, cocaine or opioid consumption are discussed with regard to: (1) the temporal pattern of social defeat stress, (2) male and female protocols of social stress-escalated drug consumption, and (3) the neuroplastic effects of social stress, which may contribute to escalated drug-taking. Neuroadaptations in corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and CRF modulation of monoamines in the ventral tegmental area and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis are highlighted as potential mechanisms underlying stress-escalated drug consumption. However, the specific mechanisms that drive CRF-mediated increases in dopamine require additional investigation as do the stress-induced neuroadaptations that may contribute to the development of compulsive patterns of drug-taking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Newman
- Psychology Dept., Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | | | | | - Rosa M M de Almeida
- Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Klaus A Miczek
- Psychology Dept., Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.,Dept. of Neuroscience, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
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Vannan A, Powell GL, Scott SN, Pagni BA, Neisewander JL. Animal Models of the Impact of Social Stress on Cocaine Use Disorders. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 140:131-169. [PMID: 30193703 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine use disorders are strongly influenced by the social conditions prior, during, and after exposure to cocaine. In this chapter, we discuss how social factors such as early life stress, social rank stress, and environmental stress impact vulnerability and resilience to cocaine. The discussion of each animal model begins with a brief review of examples from the human literature, which provide the psychosocial background these models attempt to capture. We then discuss preclinical findings from use of each model, with emphasis on how social factors influence cocaine-related behaviors and how sex and age influence the behaviors and neurobiology. Models discussed include (1) early life social stress, such as maternal separation and neonatal isolation, (2) social defeat stress, (3) social hierarchies, and (4) social isolation and environmental enrichment. The cocaine-related behaviors reviewed for each of these animal models include cocaine-induced conditioned place preference, behavioral sensitization, and self-administration. Together, our review suggests that the degree of psychosocial stress experienced yields robust effects on cocaine-related behaviors and neurobiology, and these preclinical findings have translational impact for the future of cocaine use disorder treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Vannan
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Gregory L Powell
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Samantha N Scott
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Broc A Pagni
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Janet L Neisewander
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.
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Blanco-Gandía MC, Aguilar MA, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. Reinstatement of Drug-seeking in Mice Using the Conditioned Place Preference Paradigm. J Vis Exp 2018:56983. [PMID: 29939175 PMCID: PMC6101638 DOI: 10.3791/56983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The present protocol describes the Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) as a model of relapse in drug addiction. In this model, animals are first trained to acquire a conditioned place preference in a drug-paired compartment, and after the post-conditioning test, they perform several sessions to extinguish the established preference. The CPP permits the evaluation of the conditioned rewarding effects of drugs related to environmental cues. Then, the extinguished CPP can be robustly reinstated by the non-contingent administration of a priming dose of the drug, and by exposure to stressful stimuli. Both methods will be explained here. When the animal reinitiates the behavioral response, a reinstatement of the conditioned reward is considered to have taken place. The main advantages of this protocol are that it is non-invasive, inexpensive, and simple with good validity criteria. In addition, it allows the study of different environmental manipulations, such as stress or diet, which can modulate relapse into drug seeking behaviors. However, one limitation is that if the researcher aims to explore the motivation and primary reinforcing effects of the drug, it should be complemented with self-administration procedures, as they involve operant responses of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Blanco-Gandía
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València
| | - María A Aguilar
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València
| | - José Miñarro
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València;
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Newman EL, Albrechet-Souza L, Andrew PM, Auld JG, Burk KC, Hwa LS, Zhang EY, DeBold JF, Miczek KA. Persistent escalation of alcohol consumption by mice exposed to brief episodes of social defeat stress: suppression by CRF-R1 antagonism. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:1807-1820. [PMID: 29696309 PMCID: PMC6168197 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Episodic bouts of social stress can precede the initiation, escalation, or relapse to disordered alcohol intake. Social stress may engender neuroadaptations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and in extrahypothalamic stress circuitry to promote the escalation of alcohol intake. OBJECTIVES We aimed to (1) confirm a pattern of escalated drinking in socially defeated mice and to (2) test drugs that target distinct aspects of the HPA axis and extrahypothalamic neural substrates for their effectiveness in reducing murine, stress-escalated drinking. METHODS Male C57BL/6J (B6) mice were socially defeated by resident Swiss-derived males for ten consecutive days receiving 30 bites/day. Ten days after the final defeat, cohorts of B6 mice received continuous or intermittent access to 20% EtOH (w/v) and water. After 4 weeks of drinking, mice were injected with weekly, systemic doses of the CRF-R1 antagonist, CP376395; the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, mifepristone; the 11-beta-hydroxylase inhibitor, metyrapone; or the 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor, finasteride. RESULTS Prior to drug treatments, defeated mice reliably consumed more EtOH than non-defeated controls, and mice given alcohol intermittently consumed more EtOH than those with continuous access. CP376395 (17-30 mg/kg) reduced continuous, but not intermittent EtOH intake (g/kg) in socially defeated mice. Mifepristone (100 mg/kg), however, increased drinking by defeated mice with intermittent access to alcohol while reducing drinking during continuous access. When administered finasteride (100 mg/kg) or metyrapone (50 mg/kg), all mice reduced their EtOH intake while increasing their water consumption. CONCLUSIONS Mice with a history of episodic social defeat stress were selectively sensitive to the effects of CRF-R1 antagonism, suggesting that CRF-R1 may be a potential target for treating alcohol use disorders in individuals who escalate their drinking after exposure to repeated bouts of psychosocial stress. Future studies will clarify how social defeat stress may alter the expression of extrahypothalamic CRF-R1 and glucocorticoid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Newman
- Psychology Department, Tufts University, Bacon Hall, 530 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Lucas Albrechet-Souza
- Psychology Department, Tufts University, Bacon Hall, 530 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Peter M Andrew
- Psychology Department, Tufts University, Bacon Hall, 530 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - John G Auld
- Psychology Department, Tufts University, Bacon Hall, 530 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Kelly C Burk
- Psychology Department, Tufts University, Bacon Hall, 530 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Lara S Hwa
- Psychology Department, Tufts University, Bacon Hall, 530 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Eric Y Zhang
- Psychology Department, Tufts University, Bacon Hall, 530 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Joseph F DeBold
- Psychology Department, Tufts University, Bacon Hall, 530 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Klaus A Miczek
- Psychology Department, Tufts University, Bacon Hall, 530 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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Zambrana-Infantes E, Rosell del Valle C, Ladrón de Guevara-Miranda D, Galeano P, Castilla-Ortega E, Rodríguez De Fonseca F, Blanco E, Santín LJ. Palmitoylethanolamide attenuates cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization and conditioned place preference in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 166:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ferrer-Pérez C, Reguilón MD, Manzanedo C, Aguilar MA, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. Antagonism of corticotropin-releasing factor CRF 1 receptors blocks the enhanced response to cocaine after social stress. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 823:87-95. [PMID: 29391155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that social defeat stress induces an increase in the rewarding effects of cocaine. In this study we have investigated the role played by the main hypothalamic stress hormone, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), in the effects that repeated social defeat (RSD) induces in the conditioned rewarding effects and locomotor sensitization induced by cocaine. A total of 220 OF1 mice were divided into experimental groups according to the treatment received before each social defeat: saline, 5 or 10 mg/kg of the nonpeptidic corticotropin-releasing factor CRF1 receptor antagonist CP-154,526, or 15 or 30 µg/kg of the peptidic corticotropin-releasing factor CRF2 receptor antagonist Astressin2-B. Three weeks after the last defeat, conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by 1 mg/kg of cocaine was evaluated. Motor response to 10 mg/kg of cocaine was also studied after a sensitization induction. Blockade of corticotropin-releasing factor CRF1 receptor reversed the increase in cocaine CPP induced by social defeat. Conversely, peripheral corticotropin-releasing factor CRF2 receptor blockade produced similar effects to those observed in socially stressed animals. The effect of RSD on cocaine sensitization was again blocked by the corticotropin-releasing factor CRF1 receptor antagonist, while peripheral CRF2 receptor antagonist did not show effect. Acute administration of Astressin2-B induced an anxiogenic response. Our results confirm that CRF modulates the effects of social stress on reinforcement and sensitization induced by cocaine in contrasting ways. These findings highlight CRF receptors as potential therapeutic targets to be explored by research about stress-related addiction problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Ferrer-Pérez
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marina D Reguilón
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Manzanedo
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - M Asunción Aguilar
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
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Macedo GC, Morita GM, Domingues LP, Favoretto CA, Suchecki D, Quadros IMH. Consequences of continuous social defeat stress on anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors and ethanol reward in mice. Horm Behav 2018; 97:154-161. [PMID: 29056427 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study employed the intruder-resident paradigm to evaluate the effects of continuous social defeat on depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors and the reinforcing and motivational actions of ethanol in male Swiss mice. Male Swiss mice were exposed to a 10-day social defeat protocol, while control mice cohabitated with a non-aggressive animal. Continuous defeat stress consisted of episodes of defeat, followed by 24h or 48h cohabitation with the aggressor until the following defeat. Mice were assessed for sucrose drinking (anhedonia), social investigation test, elevated plus-maze, conditioned place preference to ethanol, and locomotor response to ethanol. Plasma corticosterone was measured prior to, after the first and the final defeat, and 10days after the end of defeat. Defeated mice exhibited a depressive-like phenotype as indicated by social inhibition and reduced sucrose preference, relative to non-defeated controls. Defeated mice also displayed anxiety-like behavior when tested in the elevated plus-maze. Stressed animals failed to present ethanol-induced locomotor stimulation, but showed increased sensitivity for ethanol-induced conditioned place preference. Corticosterone response to defeat was the highest after the first defeat, but was still elevated after the last defeat (day 10) when compared to non-stressed controls. Baseline corticosterone levels were unchanged 10days after the final defeat. These data suggest that social defeat stress increased depressive- and anxiety-like behavior as well increased vulnerability to ethanol reward in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Camila Macedo
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gleice Midori Morita
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Liz Paola Domingues
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Deborah Suchecki
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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Eitan S, Emery MA, Bates M, Horrax C. Opioid addiction: Who are your real friends? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 83:697-712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Laman-Maharg A, Trainor BC. Stress, sex, and motivated behaviors. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:83-92. [PMID: 27870436 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Stress is a major risk factor for development of psychiatric disorders such as depression and development of substance use disorder. Although there are important sex differences in the prevalence of these disorders, most preclinical models used to study stress-induced disorders have used males only. Social defeat stress is a commonly used method to induce stress in an ethologically relevant way but has only recently begun to be used in female rodents. Using these new female models, recent studies have examined how social defeat stress affects males and females differently at the behavioral, circuit, and molecular levels. This Mini-Review discusses sex differences in the effects of social defeat stress on social behavior and drug-seeking behavior as well as its impact on the mesolimbic dopamine system and the highly connected region of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Laman-Maharg
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, California.,Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California.,Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Brian C Trainor
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, California.,Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California.,Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
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Blanco-Gandía MC, Aracil-Fernández A, Montagud-Romero S, Aguilar MA, Manzanares J, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. Changes in gene expression and sensitivity of cocaine reward produced by a continuous fat diet. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:2337-2352. [PMID: 28456841 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4630-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Preclinical studies report that free access to a high-fat diet (HFD) alters the response to psychostimulants. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to examine how HFD exposure during adolescence modifies cocaine effects. Gene expression of CB1 and mu-opioid receptors (MOr) in the nucleus accumbens (N Acc) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) and ghrelin receptor (GHSR) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) were assessed. METHODS Mice were allowed continuous access to fat from PND 29, and the locomotor (10 mg/kg) and reinforcing effects of cocaine (1 and 6 mg/kg) on conditioned place preference (CPP) were evaluated on PND 69. Another group of mice was exposed to a standard diet until the day of post-conditioning, on which free access to the HFD began. RESULTS HFD induced an increase of MOr gene expression in the N Acc, but decreased CB1 receptor in the N Acc and PFC. After fat withdrawal, the reduction of CB1 receptor in the N Acc was maintained. Gene expression of GHSR in the VTA decreased during the HFD and increased after withdrawal. Following fat discontinuation, mice exhibited increased anxiety, augmented locomotor response to cocaine, and developed CPP for 1 mg/kg cocaine. HFD reduced the number of sessions required to extinguish the preference and decreased sensitivity to drug priming-induced reinstatement. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that consumption of a HFD during adolescence induces neurobiochemical changes that increased sensitivity to cocaine when fat is withdrawn, acting as an alternative reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Blanco-Gandía
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, , Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Sandra Montagud-Romero
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, , Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria A Aguilar
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, , Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Manzanares
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, , Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, , Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
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Burke AR, McCormick CM, Pellis SM, Lukkes JL. Impact of adolescent social experiences on behavior and neural circuits implicated in mental illnesses. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 76:280-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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García-Pardo M, Roger-Sánchez C, Rodríguez-Arias M, Miñarro J, Aguilar M. Cognitive and behavioural effects induced by social stress plus MDMA administration in mice. Behav Brain Res 2017; 319:63-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Reguilón MD, Montagud-Romero S, Ferrer-Pérez C, Roger-Sánchez C, Aguilar MA, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. Dopamine D 2 receptors mediate the increase in reinstatement of the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine induced by acute social defeat. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 799:48-57. [PMID: 28132915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Social stress modifies the activity of brain areas involved in the rewarding effects of psychostimulants, inducing neuroadaptations in the dopaminergic mesolimbic system and modifying the sensitivity of dopamine receptors. In the present study we evaluated the effect of the dopamine D1- and D2-like receptor antagonists (SCH23390 and raclopride, respectively) on the short-time effects of acute social defeat (ASD). Male OF1 mice were socially defeated before each conditioning session of the conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by 1mg/kg or 25mg/kg of cocaine plus the corresponding dopamine antagonist. A final experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of the dopamine antagonists on the CPP induced by 3mg/kg of cocaine with or without a stress experience. Mice exposed to ASD showed an increase in reinstatement of the conditioned reinforcing effects of cocaine that was blocked by all of the dopamine receptor antagonists. Blockade of dopamine D2-like receptors with raclopride specifically prevented the effects of stress without affecting the rewarding properties of cocaine. However, SCH23390 inhibited cocaine-induced preference in the control groups and even induced aversion in defeated mice conditioned with the lower dose of cocaine. Moreover, the lowest dose of SCH23390 blocked the rewarding effects of 3mg/kg of cocaine-induced CPP. Our results confirm that the dopamine D2 receptor is involved in the short-term effects of ASD on the rewarding effects of cocaine. The dopamine D1 receptor is clearly involved in the rewarding effects of cocaine, but its role in the effects of ASD remains to be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Daiana Reguilón
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Montagud-Romero
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Ferrer-Pérez
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Concepción Roger-Sánchez
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Asunción Aguilar
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
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Smith MA, Zhang H, Robinson AM. The Effects of Excitatory and Inhibitory Social Cues on Cocaine-Seeking Behavior. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:217. [PMID: 27881957 PMCID: PMC5101205 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Social partners influence the likelihood of using drugs, developing a substance use disorder and relapse to drug use after a period of abstinence. Preclinical studies report that social cues influence the acquisition of cocaine use, the escalation of cocaine use over time, and the compulsive patterns of cocaine use that emerge during an extended binge. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of social cues on the reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior after a period of abstinence. Male rats were obtained at weaning, assigned to triads (three rats/cage), reared to adulthood and implanted with intravenous catheters. Rats from each triad were then assigned to one of three conditions: (1) test rats were trained to self-administer cocaine and were tested for reinstatement; (2) cocaine partners were trained to self-administer cocaine and were predictive of response-contingent cocaine delivery; and (3) abstinent partners were not given access to cocaine and were predictive of extinction. The test rats alternated social partners every 5 days for 20 days such that responding was reinforced with cocaine in the presence of the cocaine partner (S+) for 10 days and not reinforced with cocaine in the presence of the abstinent partner (S−) for 10 days. Responding of the test rats was then extinguished over 7 days under isolated conditions. Tests of reinstatement were then conducted in the presence of the cocaine partner and abstinent partner under extinction conditions. Neither social partner reinstated responding relative to that observed on the final day of extinction; however, responding was greater in the presence of the cocaine partner (S+) than the abstinent partner (S−) during the reinstatement test. These data fail to demonstrate that a social partner reinstates cocaine-seeking behavior after a period of abstinence, but they do indicate that social partners can serve as either excitatory or inhibitory discriminative stimuli to influence drug-seeking responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Smith
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Davidson College Davidson, NC, USA
| | - Huailin Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Davidson College Davidson, NC, USA
| | - Andrea M Robinson
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Davidson College Davidson, NC, USA
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Role of dopamine neurotransmission in the long-term effects of repeated social defeat on the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 71:144-54. [PMID: 27476156 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies report that social defeat stress alters dopamine (DA) neurotransmission in several areas of the brain. Alterations of the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway are believed to be responsible for the increased vulnerability to drug use observed as a result of social stress. In the present study, we evaluated the influence of DA receptors on the long-term effect of repeated social defeat (RSD) on the conditioned rewarding and reinstating effects of cocaine. For this purpose, the D1R antagonist SCH 23390 and the D1R antagonist raclopride were administered 30min before each social defeat and a cocaine-induced CPP procedure was initiated three weeks later. The expression of the D1R and D2R was also measured in the cortex and hippocampus throughout the entire procedure. Mice exposed to RSD showed an increase in the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine that was blocked by both DA receptors antagonists when a subthreshold dose of cocaine was employed. However, while the vulnerability to reinstatement of the preference induced by 25mg/kg cocaine-induced CPP was abolished by the D1R antagonist, it was practically unaffected by raclopride. Increases in D2R receptor levels were observed in the cortex of defeated animals after the first and fourth social defeats and in the hippocampus 3weeks later. Nevertheless, D1R receptor levels in the hippocampus decreased only after the last social defeat. Our results confirm that RSD enhances the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine and that both DA receptors are involved in this enduring effect of social stress.
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Ng E, Browne CJ, Samsom JN, Wong AHC. Depression and substance use comorbidity: What we have learned from animal studies. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2016; 43:456-474. [PMID: 27315335 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2016.1183020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Depression and substance use disorders are often comorbid, but the reasons for this are unclear. In human studies, it is difficult to determine how one disorder may affect predisposition to the other and what the underlying mechanisms might be. Instead, animal studies allow experimental induction of behaviors relevant to depression and drug-taking, and permit direct interrogation of changes to neural circuits and molecular pathways. While this field is still new, here we review animal studies that investigate whether depression-like states increase vulnerability to drug-taking behaviors. Since chronic psychosocial stress can precipitate or predispose to depression in humans, we review studies that use psychosocial stressors to produce depression-like phenotypes in animals. Specifically, we describe how postweaning isolation stress, repeated social defeat stress, and chronic mild (or unpredictable) stress affect behaviors relevant to substance abuse, especially operant self-administration. Potential brain changes mediating these effects are also discussed where available, with an emphasis on mesocorticolimbic dopamine circuits. Postweaning isolation stress and repeated social defeat generally increase acquisition or maintenance of drug self-administration, and alter dopamine sensitivity in various brain regions. However, the effects of chronic mild stress on drug-taking have been much less studied. Future studies should consider standardizing stress-induction protocols, including female subjects, and using multi-hit models (e.g. genetic vulnerabilities and environmental stress).
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Ng
- a Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute , Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto , Canada.,b Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Caleb J Browne
- c Department of Psychology , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.,d Campbell Family Health Institute , Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Canada
| | - James N Samsom
- d Campbell Family Health Institute , Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Canada.,e Department of Pharmacology , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Albert H C Wong
- b Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.,d Campbell Family Health Institute , Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Canada.,e Department of Pharmacology , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.,f Department of Psychiatry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
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Manvich DF, Stowe TA, Godfrey JR, Weinshenker D. A Method for Psychosocial Stress-Induced Reinstatement of Cocaine Seeking in Rats. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 79:940-6. [PMID: 26257242 PMCID: PMC4706515 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We describe a novel preclinical model of stress-induced relapse to cocaine use in rats using social defeat stress, an ethologically valid psychosocial stressor in rodents that closely resembles stressors that promote craving and relapse in humans. Rats self-administered cocaine for 20 days. On days 11, 14, 17, and 20, animals were subjected to social defeat stress or a nonstressful control condition following the session, with discrete environmental stimuli signaling the impending event. After extinction training, reinstatement was assessed following re-exposure to these discrete cues. Animals re-exposed to psychosocial stress-predictive cues exhibited increased serum corticosterone and significantly greater reinstatement of cocaine seeking than the control group, and active coping behaviors during social defeat episodes were associated with subsequent reinstatement magnitude. These studies are the first to describe an operant model of psychosocial stress-induced relapse in rodents and lay the foundation for future work investigating its neurobiological underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Manvich
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Taylor A Stowe
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Biology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Jodi R Godfrey
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases and Yerkes Imaging Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - David Weinshenker
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
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Castilla-Ortega E, Blanco E, Serrano A, Ladrón de Guevara-Miranda D, Pedraz M, Estivill-Torrús G, Pavón FJ, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Santín LJ. Pharmacological reduction of adult hippocampal neurogenesis modifies functional brain circuits in mice exposed to a cocaine conditioned place preference paradigm. Addict Biol 2016; 21:575-88. [PMID: 25870909 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) behaviour and the functional brain circuitry involved. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis was pharmacologically reduced with temozolomide (TMZ), and mice were tested for cocaine-induced CPP to study c-Fos expression in the hippocampus and in extrahippocampal addiction-related areas. Correlational and multivariate analysis revealed that, under normal conditions, the hippocampus showed widespread functional connectivity with other brain areas and strongly contributed to the functional brain module associated with CPP expression. However, the neurogenesis-reduced mice showed normal CPP acquisition but engaged an alternate brain circuit where the functional connectivity of the dentate gyrus was notably reduced and other areas (the medial prefrontal cortex, accumbens and paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus) were recruited instead of the hippocampus. A second experiment unveiled that mice acquiring the cocaine-induced CPP under neurogenesis-reduced conditions were delayed in extinguishing their drug-seeking behaviour. But if the inhibited neurons were generated after CPP acquisition, extinction was not affected but an enhanced long-term CPP retention was found, suggesting that some roles of the adult-born neurons may differ depending on whether they are generated before or after drug-contextual associations are established. Importantly, cocaine-induced reinstatement of CPP behaviour was increased in the TMZ mice, regardless of the time of neurogenesis inhibition. The results show that adult hippocampal neurogenesis sculpts the addiction-related functional brain circuits, and reduction of the adult-born hippocampal neurons increases cocaine seeking in the CPP model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Castilla-Ortega
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - Eduardo Blanco
- Departament de Pedagogia i Psicología; Facultat d'Educació, Psicologia i Treball Social; Universitat de Lleida; Spain
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - David Ladrón de Guevara-Miranda
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Facultad de Psicología; Universidad de Málaga; Spain
| | - María Pedraz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - Guillermo Estivill-Torrús
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Neurociencias y ECAI de Microscopía; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospitales Universitarios Regional de Málaga y Virgen de la Victoria; Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Pavón
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - Luis J. Santín
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Facultad de Psicología; Universidad de Málaga; Spain
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García-Pardo MP, Blanco-Gandía MC, Valiente-Lluch M, Rodríguez-Arias M, Miñarro J, Aguilar MA. Long-term effects of repeated social stress on the conditioned place preference induced by MDMA in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 63:98-109. [PMID: 26093344 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that social defeat stress increases the rewarding effects of psychostimulant drugs such as cocaine and amphetamine. In the present study we evaluated the long-term effects of repeated social defeat (RSD) on the rewarding effects of ±3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) hydrochloride in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Adolescent and young adult mice were exposed to four episodes of social defeat (on PND 29-40 and PND 47-56, respectively) and were conditioned three weeks later with 1.25 or 10mg/kg i.p. of MDMA (experiment 1). The long-term effects of RSD on anxiety, social behavior and cognitive processes were also evaluated in adult mice (experiment 2). RSD during adolescence enhanced vulnerability to priming-induced reinstatement in animals conditioned with 1.25mg/kg of MDMA and increased the duration of the CPP induced by the 10mg/kg of MDMA. The latter effect was also observed after RSD in young adult mice, as well as an increase in anxiety-like behavior, an alteration in social interaction (reduction in attack and increase in avoidance/flee and defensive/submissive behaviors) and an impairment of maze learning. These results support the idea that RSD stress increases the rewarding effects of MDMA and induces long-term alterations in anxiety, learning and social behavior in adult mice. Thus, exposure to stress may increase the vulnerability of individuals to developing MDMA dependence, which is a factor to be taken into account in relation to the prevention and treatment of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P García-Pardo
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Valencia, Spain
| | - M C Blanco-Gandía
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Valencia, Spain
| | - M Valiente-Lluch
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Valencia, Spain
| | - M Rodríguez-Arias
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Valencia, Spain
| | - J Miñarro
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Valencia, Spain
| | - M A Aguilar
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Valencia, Spain.
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Acute social defeat stress increases the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine in adult but not in adolescent mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 135:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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El Rawas R, Saria A. The Two Faces of Social Interaction Reward in Animal Models of Drug Dependence. Neurochem Res 2015; 41:492-9. [PMID: 26088685 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1637-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Drug dependence is a serious health and social problem. Social factors can modify vulnerability to developing drug dependence, acting as risk factors or protective factors. Whereas stress and peer environment that encourage substance use may increase drug taking, strong attachments between family members and peer environment that do not experience drug use may protect against drug taking and, ultimately, drug dependence. The rewarding effects of drug abuse and social interaction can be evaluated using animal models. In this review we focus on evaluating social interaction reward in the conditioned place preference paradigm. We give an overview of how social interaction, if made available within the drug context, may facilitate, promote and interact with the drug's effects. However, social interaction, if offered alternatively outside the drug context, may have pronounced protective effects against drug abuse and relapse. We also address the importance of the weight difference parameter between the social partners in determining the positive or "agonistic" versus the hostile or "antagonistic" social interaction. We conclude that understanding social interaction reward and its subsequent effects on drug reward is sorely needed for therapeutic interventions against drug dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana El Rawas
- Experimental Psychiatry Unit, Department of General Psychiatry and Social Psychiatry, Center of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 66a, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alois Saria
- Experimental Psychiatry Unit, Department of General Psychiatry and Social Psychiatry, Center of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 66a, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Aguilar M, Roger-Sánchez C, Rodríguez-Arias M, Miñarro J. Cocaine enhances the conditioned rewarding effects of MDMA in adolescent mice. Brain Res Bull 2015; 113:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Effects of acute social stress on the conditioned place preference induced by MDMA in adolescent and adult mice. Behav Pharmacol 2014; 25:532-46. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Smith MA, Lacy RT, Strickland JC. The effects of social learning on the acquisition of cocaine self-administration. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 141:1-8. [PMID: 24878249 PMCID: PMC4102004 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social learning models of substance use propose that drug-use behaviors are learned by observing and mimicking the behavior of others. The aim of this study was to examine the acquisition of cocaine self-administration in three groups of experimentally naïve rats: rats that were tested in isolation, rats that were tested in the presence of another rat that had access to cocaine and had previously been trained to self-administer cocaine, and rats that were tested in the presence of another rat that did not have access to cocaine. METHODS Male rats were reared in isolated or pair-housed conditions and implanted with intravenous catheters. Pair-housed rats were then assigned to drug-experienced or drug-naïve conditions. In the drug-experienced condition, one rat of each pair was trained to self-administer cocaine in isolation before the reintroduction of its partner. In the drug-naïve condition, one rat of each pair did not have access to cocaine for the duration of the study. For each group, the acquisition of cocaine self-administration was measured over 15 days in rats with access to cocaine but no prior operant training. RESULTS Rats tested with a drug-experienced partner were faster to acquire cocaine self-administration and emitted more active lever presses than rats tested with a cocaine-naïve partner. Data for the isolated control group fell between the other two groups on these measures. CONCLUSION These data indicate that the acquisition of cocaine self-administration can either be facilitated or inhibited by social contact. Collectively, these results support a social learning model of substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Smith
- Department of Psychology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA.
| | - Ryan T Lacy
- Department of Psychology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA
| | - Justin C Strickland
- Department of Psychology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA
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Stress in adolescence and drugs of abuse in rodent models: role of dopamine, CRF, and HPA axis. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:1557-80. [PMID: 24370534 PMCID: PMC3969449 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3369-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Research on adolescence and drug abuse increased substantially in the past decade. However, drug-addiction-related behaviors following stressful experiences during adolescence are less studied. We focus on rodent models of adolescent stress cross-sensitization to drugs of abuse. OBJECTIVES Review the ontogeny of behavior, dopamine, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in adolescent rodents. We evaluate evidence that stressful experiences during adolescence engender hypersensitivity to drugs of abuse and offer potential neural mechanisms. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Much evidence suggests that final maturation of behavior, dopamine systems, and HPA axis occurs during adolescence. Stress during adolescence increases amphetamine- and ethanol-stimulated locomotion, preference, and self-administration under many conditions. The influence of adolescent stress on subsequent cocaine- and nicotine-stimulated locomotion and preference is less clear. The type of adolescent stress, temporal interval between stress and testing, species, sex, and the drug tested are key methodological determinants for successful cross-sensitization procedures. The sensitization of the mesolimbic dopamine system is proposed to underlie stress cross-sensitization to drugs of abuse in both adolescents and adults through modulation by CRF. Reduced levels of mesocortical dopamine appear to be a unique consequence of social stress during adolescence. Adolescent stress may reduce the final maturation of cortical dopamine through D2 dopamine receptor regulation of dopamine synthesis or glucocorticoid-facilitated pruning of cortical dopamine fibers. Certain rodent models of adolescent adversity are useful for determining neural mechanisms underlying the cross-sensitization to drugs of abuse.
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Chronic psychosocial stress causes delayed extinction and exacerbates reinstatement of ethanol-induced conditioned place preference in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:367-77. [PMID: 23978907 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3243-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE We have shown previously, using an animal model of voluntary ethanol intake and ethanol-conditioned place preference (EtOH-CPP), that exposure to chronic psychosocial stress induces increased ethanol intake and EtOH-CPP acquisition in mice. OBJECTIVE Here, we examined the impact of chronic subordinate colony (CSC) exposure on EtOH-CPP extinction, as well as ethanol-induced reinstatement of CPP. METHODS Mice were conditioned with saline or 1.5 g/kg ethanol and were tested in the EtOH-CPP model. In the first experiment, the mice were subjected to 19 days of chronic stress, and EtOH-CPP extinction was assessed during seven daily trials without ethanol injection. In the second experiment and after the EtOH-CPP test, the mice were subjected to 7 days of extinction trials before the 19 days of chronic stress. Drug-induced EtOH-CPP reinstatement was induced by a priming injection of 0.5 g/kg ethanol. RESULTS Compared to the single-housed colony mice, CSC mice exhibited increased anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and the open field tests. Interestingly, the CSC mice showed delayed EtOH-CPP extinction. More importantly, CSC mice showed increased alcohol-induced reinstatement of the EtOH-CPP behavior. CONCLUSION Taken together, this study indicates that chronic psychosocial stress can have long-term effects on EtOH-CPP extinction as well as drug-induced reinstatement behavior and may provide a suitable model to study the latent effects of chronic psychosocial stress on extinction and relapse to drug abuse.
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Rhodiola rosea Impairs Acquisition and Expression of Conditioned Place Preference Induced by Cocaine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:697632. [PMID: 24174979 PMCID: PMC3794542 DOI: 10.1155/2013/697632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach to the treatment of adverse effects of drugs of abuse is one which makes use of natural products. The present study investigated the effect of Rhodiola rosea L. hydroalcoholic extract (RHO) on cocaine-induced hyperactivity and conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice. In a first experiment, mice received RHO (15, 20 or 25 mg/kg, IG), cocaine (25 mg/kg, i.p.) (COC), or a combination of both drugs (COC + RHO15, COC + RHO20, and COC + RHO25), and their locomotor activity was evaluated. In a second experiment, the effects of RHO on the acquisition, expression, and reinstatement of cocaine CPP (induced by drug priming or social defeat stress) were evaluated. RHO alone did not increase activity but potentiated the hyperactivity induced by cocaine. Rhodiola did not induce motivational effects by itself but attenuated the acquisition and expression of cocaine-induced CPP. Moreover, it was found that RHO did not block reinstatement. The results indicate that RHO is effective in reducing the rewarding properties of cocaine but is ineffective in preventing priming or stress-induced cocaine reinstatement. In light of these findings, the benefits of Rhodiola rosea L. as a treatment of cocaine addiction would seem to be limited.
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Zernig G, Kummer KK, Prast JM. Dyadic social interaction as an alternative reward to cocaine. Front Psychiatry 2013; 4:100. [PMID: 24062696 PMCID: PMC3770939 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals suffering from substance use disorders often show severely impaired social interaction, preferring drugs of abuse to the contact with others. Their impaired social interaction is doubly harmful for them as (1) therapy itself is based and dependent on social interaction and as (2) social interaction is not available to them as an "alternative", i.e., non-drug reward, decreasing their motivation to stop drug use. We therefore developed an animal experimental model to investigate the neurobiology of dyadic social interaction- vs. cocaine reward. We took care to avoid: (a) engaging sexual attraction-related aspects of such a social interaction and (b) hierarchical difference as confounding stimuli. The cocaine- or social interaction stimulus was offered - in a mutually exclusive setting - within the confines of a conditioned place preference (CPP) apparatus. In our paradigm, only four 15-min episodes of social interaction proved sufficient to (i) switch the rats' preference from cocaine-associated contextual stimuli to social interaction CPP and (ii) inhibit the subsequent reacquisition/reexpression of cocaine CPP. This behavioral effect was paralleled by a reversal of brain activation (i.e., EGR1 expression) in the nucleus accumbens, the central and basolateral amygdala, and the ventral tegmental area. Of relevance for the psychotherapy of addictive disorders, the most rewarding sensory component of the composite stimulus "social interaction" was touch. To test our hypothesis that motivation is encoded in neuron ensembles dedicated to specific reward scenarios, we are currently (1) mapping the neural circuits involved in cocaine- vs. social-interaction reward and (2) adapting our paradigm for C57BL/6 mice to make use of the plethora of transgenic models available in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Zernig
- Experimental Psychiatry Unit, Department of General Psychiatry and Social Psychiatry, Innsbruck Medical University , Innsbruck , Austria ; Department of Psychology, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria
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Bardo MT, Neisewander JL, Kelly TH. Individual differences and social influences on the neurobehavioral pharmacology of abused drugs. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 65:255-90. [PMID: 23343975 PMCID: PMC3565917 DOI: 10.1124/pr.111.005124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of drugs with biologic targets is a critical area of research, particularly for the development of medications to treat substance use disorders. In addition to understanding these drug-target interactions, however, there is a need to understand more fully the psychosocial influences that moderate these interactions. The first section of this review introduces some examples from human behavioral pharmacology that illustrate the clinical importance of this research. The second section covers preclinical evidence to characterize some of the key individual differences that alter drug sensitivity and abuse vulnerability, related primarily to differences in response to novelty and impulsivity. Evidence is presented to indicate that critical neuropharmacological mechanisms associated with these individual differences involve integrated neurocircuits underlying stress, reward, and behavioral inhibitory processes. The third section covers social influences on drug abuse vulnerability, including effects experienced during infancy, adolescence, and young adulthood, such as maternal separation, housing conditions, and social interactions (defeat, play, and social rank). Some of the same neurocircuits involved in individual differences also are altered by social influences, although the precise neurochemical and cellular mechanisms involved remain to be elucidated fully. Finally, some speculation is offered about the implications of this research for the prevention and treatment of substance abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Bardo
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, BBSRB Room 447, 741 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA.
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