1
|
Öz P, Kamalı O, Saka HB, Gör C, Uzbay İT. Baseline prepulse inhibition dependency of orexin A and REM sleep deprivation. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:1213-1225. [PMID: 38427059 PMCID: PMC11106105 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06555-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Prepulse inhibition (PPI) impairment reflects sensorimotor gating problems, i.e. in schizophrenia. This study aims to enlighten the role of orexinergic regulation on PPI in a psychosis-like model. OBJECTIVES In order to understand the impact of orexinergic innervation on PPI and how it is modulated by age and baseline PPI (bPPI), chronic orexin A (OXA) injections was carried on non-sleep-deprived and sleep-deprived rats that are grouped by their bPPI. METHODS bPPI measurements were carried on male Wistar rats on P45 or P90 followed by grouping into low-PPI and high-PPI rats. The rats were injected with OXA twice per day for four consecutive days starting on P49 or P94, while the control groups received saline injections. 72 h REMSD was carried on via modified multiple platform technique on P94 and either OXA or saline was injected during REMSD. PPI tests were carried out 30 min. after the last injection. RESULTS Our previous study with acute OXA injection after REMSD without bPPI grouping revealed that low OXA doses might improve REMSD-induced PPI impairment. Our current results present three important conclusions: (1) The effect of OXA on PPI is bPPI-dependent and age-dependent. (2) The effect of REMSD is bPPI-dependent. (3) The effect of OXA on PPI after REMSD also depends on bPPI. CONCLUSION Orexinergic regulation of PPI response with and without REMSD can be predicted by bPPI levels. Our findings provide potential insights into the regulation of sensorimotor gating by sleep/wakefulness systems and present potential therapeutic targets for the disorders, where PPI is disturbed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Öz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Üsküdar University Central Campus Block A, Altunizade Mah. Haluk Türksoy Sk. No : 14 34362, Üsküdar, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Neuroscience, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Osman Kamalı
- Department of Neuroscience, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hacer Begüm Saka
- Department of Neuroscience, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Neuroscience, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceren Gör
- Department of Neuroscience, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Montiel-Herrera F, Batanero-Geraldo A, López JC, Vargas JP, Quintero E, Díaz E. Effects of acute and chronic methylphenidate on prepulse inhibition: A sex difference study in Wistar rats. Physiol Behav 2024; 278:114526. [PMID: 38531426 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The utilization of methylphenidate (MPH) is experiencing a notable surge within the adult population. This growth can be attributed to two key factors: its recreational and cognitive enhancement purposes, as well as the rising prevalence of ADHD diagnoses within this population. This study examined acute and chronic oral MPH effects on attention in male and female Wistar rats. To this end, we used a prepulse inhibition (PPI) task, which is widely used to assess psychoactive drug effects in both humans and rodents. This task allowed us to evaluate changes in attention by analyzing sensorimotor gating associated with stimulus selection process. METHODS Animals were administered a clinically relevant dose of MPH (5 mg/kg) daily for seven days. The estrous cycle phases of the female rats were measured during behavioral sessions. The PPI task was conducted 20 min after drug administration on day 1 (acute), day 7 (chronic), and 48 h post-treatment. RESULTS Results indicated that both acute and chronic MPH treatment impaired PPI expression in male rats, but not in female rats, regardless of their estrous cycle phase. Furthermore, a differential effect of chronic MPH treatment on the PPI task was found in male rats. Specifically, on the seventh treatment day, the PPI effect was observed when animals undertook the PPI task for the first time but was impaired in those animals in which the initial PPI session occurred under the acute influence of the drug (day 1). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the impact of MPH on sensorimotor gating responses may vary based on sex and task experience, possibly leading to state-dependent effects in healthy individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Montiel-Herrera
- Laboratory of Animal Behavior and Neuroscience, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - A Batanero-Geraldo
- Laboratory of Animal Behavior and Neuroscience, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - J C López
- Laboratory of Animal Behavior and Neuroscience, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - J P Vargas
- Laboratory of Animal Behavior and Neuroscience, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - E Quintero
- Laboratory of Animal Behavior and Neuroscience, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - E Díaz
- Laboratory of Animal Behavior and Neuroscience, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Insights into the Promising Prospect of G Protein and GPCR-Mediated Signaling in Neuropathophysiology and Its Therapeutic Regulation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8425640. [PMID: 36187336 PMCID: PMC9519337 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8425640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are intricately involved in the conversion of extracellular feedback to intracellular responses. These specialized receptors possess a crucial role in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Most nonsensory GPCRs are active in almost 90% of complex brain functions. At the time of receptor phosphorylation, a GPCR pathway is essentially activated through a G protein signaling mechanism via a G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK). Dopamine, an important neurotransmitter, is primarily involved in the pathophysiology of several CNS disorders; for instance, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and ADHD. Since dopamine, acetylcholine, and glutamate are potent neuropharmacological targets, dopamine itself has potential therapeutic effects in several CNS disorders. GPCRs essentially regulate brain functions by modulating downstream signaling pathways. GPR6, GPR52, and GPR8 are termed orphan GPCRs because they colocalize with dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in neurons of the basal ganglia, either alone or with both receptors. Among the orphan GPCRs, the GPR52 is recognized for being an effective psychiatric receptor. Various antipsychotics like aripiprazole and quetiapine mainly target GPCRs to exert their actions. One of the most important parts of signal transduction is the regulation of G protein signaling (RGS). These substances inhibit the activation of the G protein that initiates GPCR signaling. Developing a combination of RGS inhibitors with GPCR agonists may prove to have promising therapeutic potential. Indeed, several recent studies have suggested that GPCRs represent potentially valuable therapeutic targets for various psychiatric disorders. Molecular biology and genetically modified animal model studies recommend that these enriched GPCRs may also act as potential therapeutic psychoreceptors. Neurotransmitter and neuropeptide GPCR malfunction in the frontal cortex and limbic-related regions, including the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and brainstem, is likely responsible for the complex clinical picture that includes cognitive, perceptual, emotional, and motor symptoms. G protein and GPCR-mediated signaling play a critical role in developing new treatment options for mental health issues, and this study is aimed at offering a thorough picture of that involvement. For patients who are resistant to current therapies, the development of new drugs that target GPCR signaling cascades remains an interesting possibility. These discoveries might serve as a fresh foundation for the creation of creative methods for pharmacologically useful modulation of GPCR function.
Collapse
|
4
|
Arenas MC, Castro-Zavala A, Martín-Sánchez A, Blanco-Gandía MC, Miñarro J, Valverde O, Manzanedo C. Prepulse inhibition can predict the motivational effects of cocaine in female mice exposed to maternal separation. Behav Brain Res 2022; 416:113545. [PMID: 34437938 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response can identify the rodents that are more sensitive to the effects of cocaine. Mice with a lower PPI presented a higher vulnerability to the effects of cocaine and a higher susceptibility to developing a substance use disorder (SUD). Maternal separation with early weaning (MSEW) is a relevant animal model to induce motivational alterations throughout life. Nevertheless, only a few studies on females exist, even though they are more vulnerable to stress- and cocaine-related problems. Hence, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of PPI to identify females with a greater vulnerability to the long-term consequences of early stress on the motivational effects of cocaine. Female mice underwent MSEW and were classified according to their high or low PPI. They were then assessed in the cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization test, the conditioned place preference paradigm or the operant self-administration paradigm. Additionally, they were also evaluated in the passive avoidance task, the tail-suspension and the splash tests. The results revealed that the females with lower PPI presented higher consequences of MSEW on the effects of cocaine and showed an increase in anhedonia-like behaviours. Our findings support that a PPI deficit could represent a biomarker of vulnerability to the effects of cocaine induced by MSEW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Arenas
- Unidad de investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Adriana Castro-Zavala
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC-NeuroBio), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Martín-Sánchez
- Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Carmen Blanco-Gandía
- Unidad de investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Universidad de Zaragoza, Departamento de Psicología y Sociología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, C/ Ciudad Escolar s/n, 44003, Teruel, Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Unidad de investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Olga Valverde
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC-NeuroBio), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Manzanedo
- Unidad de investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Oral S, Göktalay G. Prepulse inhibition based grouping of rats and assessing differences in response to pharmacological agents. Neurosci Lett 2021; 755:135913. [PMID: 33895274 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia modeling by disrupting prepulse inhibition (PPI) is one of the most frequently used psycho-pharmacological methods by administering pharmacological agents to stimulate disruption. However, since PPI is also a biological indicator of schizophrenia, it is possible to classify subjects based on their basal PPI values and group them as "low inhibition" and "high inhibition without taking any pharmacological agent. Therefore this study was conducted to show that rats can be divided into groups in terms of susceptibility to schizophrenia according to basal PPI values. It was also observed that these groups might give different responses to different pharmacological agents (apomorphine, amphetamine, MK-801, scopolamine, nicotine, caffeine). Male Sprague Dawley rats (250-350 g) were used in the study. To examine the effects of different pharmacological agents on the groups, apomorphine (0.5 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg), amphetamine (4 mg/kg), MK-801 (0.05 mg/kg and 0.15 mg/kg), scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg), nicotine (1 mg/kg) and caffeine (10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg) were used. Amphetamine showed a disruptive effect on PPI in both low and high inhibitory groups, while apomorphine, MK-801, scopolamine, and nicotine showed PPI decrease only in the high inhibitory group. Besides, caffeine decreased PPI levels at two doses in the high inhibitory group; however, 10 mg/kg dose caffeine was increased only in the low inhibitory group. According to the data obtained from this study, rats can be grouped with baseline inhibition values by using PPI, and response differences of pharmacological agents to groups may vary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sema Oral
- University of Health Sciences Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, 16290, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Gökhan Göktalay
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lai TKY, Abela AR, Su P, Fletcher PJ, Liu F. Prenatal disruption of D1R-SynGAP complex causes cognitive deficits in adulthood. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 105:110122. [PMID: 33039433 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic interneurons are essential for the physiological function of the mammalian central nervous system. Dysregulated GABAergic interneuron function has been implicated in the pathophysiology of a number of neurodevelopmental disorders including schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. Tangential migration is an important process to ensure the proper localization of GABAergic interneurons. Previously we found that disrupting the interaction between dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) and synaptic Ras GTPase- activating protein (SynGAP) using an interfering peptide (TAT-D1Rpep) during embryonic development impaired tangential migration. Here, we assessed the effects of prenatal disruption of D1R-SynGAP complex with the TAT-D1Rpep on the expression of several behaviours during adulthood. Mice with prenatal D1R-SynGAP disruption exhibited transiently reduced locomotor activity, abnormal sensorimotor gating, impaired sociability and deficits in visual discrimination associative learning compared to their control counterparts. Our findings reinforce the importance of GABAergic interneuron migration in the manifestation of normal motor, sensory, and cognitive behaviours of animals during adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terence K Y Lai
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, M5T 1R8, Canada; Department of Physiology, Medical Sciences Building, 3rd Floor University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Andrew R Abela
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, M5T 1R8, Canada; Psychiatry, 250 College Street, 8th floor, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Ping Su
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Paul J Fletcher
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, M5T 1R8, Canada; Psychiatry, 250 College Street, 8th floor, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada; Psychology, 4th Floor, Sidney Smith Hall, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Fang Liu
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, M5T 1R8, Canada; Department of Physiology, Medical Sciences Building, 3rd Floor University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Canada; Psychiatry, 250 College Street, 8th floor, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada; Institutes of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Arenas MC, Blanco-Gandía MC, Miñarro J, Manzanedo C. Prepulse Inhibition of the Startle Reflex as a Predictor of Vulnerability to Develop Locomotor Sensitization to Cocaine. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 13:296. [PMID: 32116585 PMCID: PMC7008852 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex is a measure of sensory-motor synchronization. A deficit in PPI has been observed in psychiatric patients, especially those with schizophrenia and vulnerable subjects, since the neural bases of this disorder are also involved in the regulation of PPI. Recently, we have reported that baseline PPI levels in mice can predict their sensitivity to the conditioned reinforcing effects of cocaine in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Mice with a low PPI presented a lower sensitivity to the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine; however, once they acquired conditioned preference with a higher dose of the drug, a more persistent associative effect of cocaine with respect to environmental cues was evident in these animals when compared with High-PPI mice. Therefore, we proposed that the PPI paradigm can determine subjects with a higher vulnerability to the effects of cocaine. Developing locomotor sensitization after pre-exposure to cocaine is considered an indicator of transitioning from recreational use to a compulsive consumption of the drug. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether subjects with a low PPI display a higher locomotor sensitization induced by cocaine. First, male and female OF1 mice were classified as High- or Low-PPI according to their baseline PPI levels. Subsequently, the motor effects induced by an acute dose of cocaine (Experiments 1 and 2) and the development of locomotor sensitization induced by pre-exposure to this drug (Experiments 3 and 4) were recorded using two apparatuses (Ethovision and actimeter). Low-PPI mice presented low sensitivity to the motor effects of an acute dose of cocaine, but a high increase of activity after repeated administration of the drug, thus suggesting a great developed behavioral sensitization. Differences after pretreatment with cocaine vs. saline were more pronounced among Low-PPI subjects than among High-PPI animals. These results endorse our hypothesis that the PPI paradigm can detect subjects who are more likely to display behaviors induced by cocaine and which can increase the risk of developing a cocaine use disorder. Herein, we further discuss whether a PPI deficit can be considered an endophenotype for cocaine use disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Arenas
- Unidad de investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Carmen Blanco-Gandía
- Departamento de Psicología y Sociología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus de Teruel, Teruel, Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Unidad de investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Manzanedo
- Unidad de investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sarker G, Litwan K, Kastli R, Peleg-Raibstein D. Maternal overnutrition during critical developmental periods leads to different health adversities in the offspring: relevance of obesity, addiction and schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17322. [PMID: 31754139 PMCID: PMC6872534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal overnutrition during sensitive periods of early development increases the risk for obesity and neuropsychiatric disorders later in life. However, it still remains unclear during which phases of early development the offspring is more vulnerable. Here, we investigate the effects of maternal high-fat diet (MHFD) at different stages of pre- or postnatal development and characterize the behavioral, neurochemical and metabolic phenotypes. We observe that MHFD exposure at pre-conception has no deleterious effects on the behavioral and metabolic state of the offspring. Late gestational HFD exposure leads to more prominent addictive-like behaviors with reduced striatal dopamine levels compared to early gestational HFD. Conversely, offspring exposed to MHFD during lactation display the metabolic syndrome and schizophrenia-like phenotype. The latter, is manifested by impaired sensory motor gating, and latent inhibition as well as enhanced sensitivity to amphetamine. These effects are accompanied by higher striatal dopamine levels. Together, our data suggest that MHFD exposure during specific stages of development leads to distinct neuropathological alterations that determine the severity and nature of poor health outcome in adulthood, which may provide insight in identifying effective strategies for early intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gitalee Sarker
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, 8603, Switzerland.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, OX1 3PT, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kathrin Litwan
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, 8603, Switzerland
| | - Rahel Kastli
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, 8603, Switzerland
| | - Daria Peleg-Raibstein
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, 8603, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Maternal Overnutrition Induces Long-Term Cognitive Deficits across Several Generations. Nutrients 2018; 11:nu11010007. [PMID: 30577472 PMCID: PMC6356622 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ample evidence from epidemiological studies has linked maternal obesity with metabolic disorders such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes in the next generation. Recently, it was also shown that maternal obesity has long-term effects on the progeny’s central nervous system. However, very little is known regarding how maternal overnutrition may affect, in particular, the cognitive abilities of the offspring. We reported that first-generation offspring exposed to a maternal high-fat diet (MHFD) displayed age-dependent cognitive deficits. These deficits were associated with attenuations of amino acid levels in the medial prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus regions of MHFD offspring. Here, we tested the hypothesis that MHFD in mice may induce long-term cognitive impairments and neurochemical dysfunctions in the second and third generations. We found that MHFD led to cognitive disabilities and an altered response to a noncompetitive receptor antagonist of the N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor in adult MHFD offspring in both second and third generations in a sex-specific manner. Our results suggest that maternal overnutrition leads to an increased risk of developing obesity in subsequent generations as well as to cognitive impairments, affecting learning and memory processes in adulthood. Furthermore, MHFD exposure may facilitate pathological brain aging which is not a consequence of obesity. Our findings shed light on the long-term effects of maternal overnutrition on the development of the central nervous system and the underlying mechanisms which these traits relate to disease predisposition.
Collapse
|
10
|
Arenas MC, Navarro-Francés CI, Montagud-Romero S, Miñarro J, Manzanedo C. Baseline prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex predicts the sensitivity to the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine in male and female mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:2651-2663. [PMID: 29955900 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4959-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex is a model of pre-attentional inhibitory function. The dopamine baseline in the nucleus accumbens plays a key role in PPI regulation as well as in the rewarding effects of cocaine. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive ability of PPI to identify the more vulnerable mice of both sexes to the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine. METHODS Male and female OF1 mice were first tested in the PPI paradigm to classify them as high or low PPI. Afterwards, they were evaluated in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm induced by cocaine (1, 6 and 12 mg/kg). Moreover, the D1R and D2R protein expressions in the striatum of high and low PPI animals were analysed by Western blot. RESULTS Only high-PPI mice acquired CPP induced by low doses of cocaine (1 and 6 mg/kg), while the low-PPI mice needed a higher dose of cocaine (12 mg/kg) to acquire the CPP, but once mice were conditioned, males did not extinguish the conditioned preference and females reinstated the preference with lower doses of cocaine than their control counterparts. Low-PPI animals, especially females, showed higher basal levels of D2R than those with a higher PPI. CONCLUSIONS Low-PPI mice presented a lower sensitivity to the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine, but once they were conditioned with a higher dose, they displayed a stronger, perseverant conditioned preference. The predictive capacity of PPI to detect the more vulnerable mice to the conditioned effects of cocaine is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Arenas
- Unidad de investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - C I Navarro-Francés
- Unidad de investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - S Montagud-Romero
- Unidad de investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Miñarro
- Unidad de investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Manzanedo
- Unidad de investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wolfrum C, Peleg-Raibstein D. Maternal overnutrition leads to cognitive and neurochemical abnormalities in C57BL/6 mice. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 22:688-699. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1432096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wolfrum
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Daria Peleg-Raibstein
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Individual difference in prepulse inhibition does not predict spatial learning and memory performance in C57BL/6 mice. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2016; 15:878-88. [PMID: 25893564 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-015-0356-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The startle reflex to an intense acoustic pulse stimulus is attenuated if the pulse stimulus is shortly preceded by a weak non-startling prepulse stimulus. This attenuation of the startle reflex represents a form of pre-attentional sensory gating known as prepulse inhibition (PPI). Although PPI does not require learning, its expression is regulated by higher cognitive processes. PPI deficits have been detected in several psychiatric conditions including schizophrenia where they co-exist with cognitive deficits. A potential link between PPI expression and cognitive performance has therefore been suggested such that poor PPI may predict, or may be mechanistically linked to, overt cognitive impairments. A positive relationship between PPI and strategy formation, planning efficiency, and execution speed has been observed in healthy humans. However, parallel studies in healthy animals are rare. It thus remains unclear what cognitive domains may be associated with, or orthogonal to, sensory gating in the form of PPI in healthy animals. The present study evaluated a potential link between the magnitude of PPI and spatial memory performance by comparing two subgroups of animals differing substantially in baseline PPI expression (low-PPI vs high-PPI) within a homogenous cohort of 100 male adult C57BL/6 mice. Assessment of spatial reference memory in the Morris water maze and spatial recognition memory in the Y-maze failed to reveal any difference between low-PPI and high-PPI subjects. These negative findings contrast with our previous reports that individual difference in PPI correlated with sustained attention and working memory performance in C57BL/6 mice.
Collapse
|
13
|
Dietary supplementation with n-3 fatty acids from weaning limits brain biochemistry and behavioural changes elicited by prenatal exposure to maternal inflammation in the mouse model. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e641. [PMID: 26393487 PMCID: PMC5068805 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to maternal immune activation (MIA) increases the risk of schizophrenia and autism in the offspring. The MIA rodent model provides a valuable tool to directly test the postnatal consequences of exposure to an early inflammatory insult; and examine novel preventative strategies. Here we tested the hypotheses that behavioural differences in the MIA mouse model are accompanied by in vivo and ex vivo alterations in brain biochemistry; and that these can be prevented by a post-weaning diet enriched with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). The viral analogue PolyI:C (POL) or saline (SAL) was administered to pregnant mice on gestation day 9. Half the resulting male offspring (POL=21; SAL=17) were weaned onto a conventional lab diet (n-6 PUFA); half were weaned onto n-3 PUFA-enriched diet. In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy measures were acquired prior to behavioural tests; glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) and tyrosine hydroxylase protein levels were measured ex vivo. The main findings were: (i) Adult MIA-exposed mice fed a standard diet had greater N-acetylaspartate/creatine (Cr) and lower myo-inositol/Cr levels in the cingulate cortex in vivo. (ii) The extent of these metabolite differences was correlated with impairment in prepulse inhibition. (iii) MIA-exposed mice on the control diet also had higher levels of anxiety and altered levels of GAD67 ex vivo. (iv) An n-3 PUFA diet prevented all the in vivo and ex vivo effects of MIA observed. Thus, n-3 PUFA dietary enrichment from early life may offer a relatively safe and non-toxic approach to limit the otherwise persistent behavioural and biochemical consequences of prenatal exposure to inflammation. This result may have translational importance.
Collapse
|
14
|
Goktalay T, Buyukuysal S, Uslu G, Coskun AS, Yorgancioglu A, Kayir H, Uzbay T, Goktalay G. Varenicline disrupts prepulse inhibition only in high-inhibitory rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 53:54-60. [PMID: 24632394 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Varenicline, a widely used smoking cessation drug, has partial agonistic activity at α4β2 nicotinic receptors, and full agonistic activity at α7 nicotinic receptors. Thus it may interact with cognitive processes and may alleviate some of the cognitive disturbances observed in psychotic illnesses such as schizophrenia. We aimed to test the effects of varenicline on sensorimotor gating functioning, which is crucial for normal cognitive processes, especially for the integration of sensory and cognitive information processing and the execution of appropriate motor responses. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex was used to test the sensorimotor gating functioning. First, the effects of varenicline and nicotine on rats having high or low baseline PPI levels were evaluated; then, varenicline was applied prior to apomorphine (0.5 mg/kg), and MK-801 (0.15 mg/kg), which are used as comparative models of PPI disruption. Varenicline (0.5-3 mg/kg) did not change PPI when given alone in naïve animals. When rats were selected according to their baseline PPI values, varenicline (1 mg/kg) significantly decreased PPI in high-inhibitory (HI) but not in low-inhibitory (LI) rats. Nicotine (1 mg/kg; tartrate salt) produced a similar activity in LI and HI groups. In combination experiments, varenicline did not reverse either apomorphine or the MK-801-induced disruption of PPI. These results demonstrate that the effects of both varenicline and nicotine on sensorimotor gating are influenced by the baseline PPI levels. Moreover, varenicline has no effect on apomorphine or the MK-801-induced disruption of PPI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Goktalay
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Sema Buyukuysal
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Gulsah Uslu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Aysin S Coskun
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Arzu Yorgancioglu
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Hakan Kayir
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Uzbay
- Neuropsychopharmacology Application and Research Center, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Goktalay
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yee BK, Singer P. A conceptual and practical guide to the behavioural evaluation of animal models of the symptomatology and therapy of schizophrenia. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 354:221-46. [PMID: 23579553 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1611-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic debilitating brain disorder characterized by a complex set of perceptual and behavioural symptoms that severely disrupt and undermine the patient's psychological well-being and quality of life. Since the exact disease mechanisms remain essentially unknown, holistic animal models are indispensable tools for any serious investigation into the neurobiology of schizophrenia, including the search for remedies, prevention of the disease and possible biological markers. This review provides some practical advice to those confronted with the task of evaluating their animal models for relevance to schizophrenia, a task that inevitably involves behavioural tests with animals. To a novice, this challenge not only is a technical one but also entails attention to interpretative issues concerning validity and translational power. Here, we attempt to offer some guidance to help overcome these obstacles by drawing on our experience of diverse animal models of schizophrenia based on genetics, strain difference, brain lesions, pharmacological induction and early life developmental manipulations. The review pays equal emphasis to the general (theoretical) considerations of experimental design and the illustration of the problems related to critical test parameters and the data analysis of selected exemplar behavioural tests. Finally, the individual differences of behavioural expression in relevant tests observed in wild-type animals might offer an alternative approach in order to explore the mechanism of schizophrenia-related behavioural dysfunction at the molecular, cellular and structural levels, all of which are of more immediate relevance to cell and tissue research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin K Yee
- Robert Stone Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research Institute, 1225 NE Second Avenue, Portland, OR 97232, USA,
| | | |
Collapse
|