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Singh N, Serres F, Toker L, Sade Y, Blackburn V, Batra AS, Saiardi A, Agam G, Belmaker RH, Sharp T, Vasudevan SR, Churchill GC. Effects of the putative lithium mimetic ebselen on pilocarpine-induced neural activity. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 883:173377. [PMID: 32687920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Lithium, commonly used to treat bipolar disorder, potentiates the ability of the muscarinic agonist pilocarpine to induce seizures in rodents. As this potentiation by lithium is reversed by the administration of myo-inositol, the potentiation may be mediated by inhibition of inositol monophosphatase (IMPase), a known target of lithium. Recently, we demonstrated that ebselen is a 'lithium mimetic' in regard to behaviours in both mice and man. Ebselen inhibits IMPase in vitro and lowers myo-inositol in vivo in the brains of mice and men, making ebselen the only known inhibitor of IMPase, other than lithium, that penetrates the blood-brain barrier. Our objective was to determine the effects of ebselen on sensitization to pilocarpine-induced seizures and neural activity. We administered ebselen at different doses and time intervals to mice, followed by injection of a sub-seizure dose of pilocarpine. We assessed seizure and neural activity by a subjective seizure rating scale, by monitoring tremors, and by induction of the immediate early gene c-fos. In contrast to lithium, ebselen did not potentiate the ability of pilocarpine to induce seizures. Unexpectedly, ebselen inhibited pilocarpine-induced tremor as well as pilocarpine-induced increases in c-fos mRNA levels. Both lithium and ebselen inhibit a common target, IMPase, but only lithium potentiates pilocarpine-induced seizures, consistent with their polypharmacology at diverse molecular targets. We conclude that ebselen does not potentiate pilocarpine-induced seizures and instead, reduces pilocarpine-mediated neural activation. This lack of potentiation of muscarinic sensitization may be one reason for the lack of side-effects observed with ebselen treatment clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Florence Serres
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lilah Toker
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Psychiatry Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences and Mental Health Centre, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yeala Sade
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Psychiatry Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences and Mental Health Centre, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | | | - Adolfo Saiardi
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, UK
| | - Galila Agam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Psychiatry Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences and Mental Health Centre, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Robert H Belmaker
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Psychiatry Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences and Mental Health Centre, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Trevor Sharp
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Fowler MJ, Cotter JD, Knight BE, Sevick-Muraca EM, Sandberg DI, Sirianni RW. Intrathecal drug delivery in the era of nanomedicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 165-166:77-95. [PMID: 32142739 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Administration of substances directly into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that surrounds the brain and spinal cord is one approach that can circumvent the blood-brain barrier to enable drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). However, molecules that have been administered by intrathecal injection, which includes intraventricular, intracisternal, or lumbar locations, encounter new barriers within the subarachnoid space. These barriers include relatively high rates of turnover as CSF clears and potentially inadequate delivery to tissue or cellular targets. Nanomedicine could offer a solution. In contrast to the fate of freely administered drugs, nanomedicine systems can navigate the subarachnoid space to sustain delivery of therapeutic molecules, genes, and imaging agents within the CNS. Some evidence suggests that certain nanomedicine agents can reach the parenchyma following intrathecal administration. Here, we will address the preclinical and clinical use of intrathecal nanomedicine, including nanoparticles, microparticles, dendrimers, micelles, liposomes, polyplexes, and other colloidalal materials that function to alter the distribution of molecules in tissue. Our review forms a foundational understanding of drug delivery to the CSF that can be built upon to better engineer nanomedicine for intrathecal treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Fowler
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School/University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - J D Cotter
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School/University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - B E Knight
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School/University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - E M Sevick-Muraca
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Center for Molecular Imaging, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - D I Sandberg
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School/University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America; Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School/University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America; Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, United States of America
| | - R W Sirianni
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School/University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
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Kraft L, Roe SM, Gill R, Atack JR. Co-crystallization of human inositol monophosphatase with the lithium mimetic L-690,330. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2018; 74:973-978. [PMID: 30289407 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798318010380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Lithium, which is still the gold standard in the treatment of bipolar disorder, has been proposed to inhibit inositol monophosphatase (IMPase) and is hypothesized to exert its therapeutic effects by attenuating phosphatidylinositol (PI) cell signalling. Drug-discovery efforts have focused on small-molecule lithium mimetics that would specifically inhibit IMPase without exhibiting the undesired side effects of lithium. L-690,330 is a potent bisphosphonate substrate-based inhibitor developed by Merck Sharp & Dohme. To aid future structure-based inhibitor design, determination of the exact binding mechanism of L-690,330 to IMPase was of interest. Here, the high-resolution X-ray structure of human IMPase in complex with L690,330 and manganese ions determined at 1.39 Å resolution is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Kraft
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, University of Sussex, Chichester II, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, England
| | - S Mark Roe
- University of Sussex, Arundel Building, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, England
| | - Raj Gill
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, University of Sussex, Chichester II, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, England
| | - John R Atack
- School of Biosciences, Medicines Discovery Institute, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales
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Antoniadou I, Kouskou M, Arsiwala T, Singh N, Vasudevan SR, Fowler T, Cadirci E, Churchill GC, Sharp T. Ebselen has lithium-like effects on central 5-HT 2A receptor function. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:2599-2610. [PMID: 29488218 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Lithium's antidepressant action may be mediated by inhibition of inositol monophosphatase (IMPase), a key enzyme in Gq -protein coupled receptor signalling. Recently, the antioxidant agent ebselen was identified as an IMPase inhibitor. Here, we investigated both ebselen and lithium in models of the 5-HT2A receptor, a Gq -protein coupled receptor involved in lithium's actions. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH 5-HT2A receptor function was assessed in mice by measuring the behavioural (head-twitches, ear scratches) and molecular (cortical immediate early gene [IEG] mRNA; Arc, c-fos, Egr2) responses to 5-HT2A receptor agonists. Ebselen and lithium were administered either acutely or repeatedly prior to assessment of 5-HT2A receptor function. Because lithium and 5-HT2A receptor antagonists augment the action of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), ebselen was tested for this activity by co-administration with the SSRI citalopram in microdialysis (extracellular 5-HT) experiments. KEY RESULTS Acute and repeated administration of ebselen inhibited behavioural and IEG responses to the 5-HT2A receptor agonist DOI. Repeated lithium also inhibited DOI-evoked behavioural and IEG responses. In comparison, a selective IMPase inhibitor (L-690330) attenuated the behavioural response to DOI whereas glycogen synthase kinase inhibitor (AR-A014418) did not. Finally, ebselen enhanced the increase in extracellular 5-HT induced by citalopram, and also increased regional brain 5-HT synthesis. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data demonstrated lithium-mimetic effects of ebselen in different experimental models of 5-HT2A receptor function, probably mediated by IMPase inhibition. This evidence of lithium-like neuropharmacological effects of ebselen adds further support for the clinical testing of ebselen in mood disorders, including as an antidepressant augmenting agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Antoniadou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Pharmacy, European University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - M Kouskou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - T Arsiwala
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - N Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S R Vasudevan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - T Fowler
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E Cadirci
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - G C Churchill
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - T Sharp
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Sade Y, Kara NZ, Toker L, Bersudsky Y, Einat H, Agam G. Beware of your mouse strain; differential effects of lithium on behavioral and neurochemical phenotypes in Harlan ICR mice bred in Israel or the USA. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 124:36-9. [PMID: 24844703 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Animal models are crucial components in the search for better understanding of the biological basis of psychiatric disorders and for the development of novel drugs. Research, in general, and research with animal models, in particular, relies on the consistency of effects of investigated drugs or manipulations across experiments. In that context, it had been noted that behavioral responses to lithium in ICR (CD-1) mice from Harlan Israel have changed across the last years. To examine this change, the present study compared the effect of lithium treatment in ICR mice from Harlan Israel with the ICR mice from Harlan USA. The mice were treated with chronic oral lithium. Their lithium serum levels were measured and their behavior in the forced swim test (FST) was evaluated. The mice were also treated with [(3)H]-inositol ICV and lithium injection and their frontal cortex [(3)H]-phosphoinositols accumulation was measured. Results show that lithium serum levels in Israeli mice were significantly lower compared with the USA mice, that lithium had no behavioral effect in the Israeli mice but significantly reduced FST immobility time of the USA mice, and that phosphoinositols accumulation was much more strongly affected by lithium in the USA mice compared with the Israeli mice. These results suggest that the Israeli Harlan colony of ICR mice changed significantly from the original ICR colony in Harlan USA and that the differences might be related to absorption or secretion of lithium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeala Sade
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Psychiatry Research Unit, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Mental Health Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nirit Z Kara
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Psychiatry Research Unit, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Mental Health Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; (d)School of Behavioral Sciences, Tel Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Lilach Toker
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Psychiatry Research Unit, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Mental Health Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yuly Bersudsky
- Psychiatry Research Unit, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Mental Health Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Haim Einat
- (d)School of Behavioral Sciences, Tel Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Galila Agam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Psychiatry Research Unit, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Mental Health Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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