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Brianis RC, Lima RC, Moreira FA, Aguiar DC. Anti-aversive effect of 2-arachidonoylglycerol in the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray of male rats in contextual fear conditioning and Vogel tests. Behav Pharmacol 2022; 33:213-221. [PMID: 34074811 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system modulates the stress coping strategies in the dorsolateral periaqueductal grey (dlPAG). The most relevant endocannabinoids, anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) exert inhibitory control over defensive reactions mediated by the dlPAG. However, the protective role of anandamide is limited by its lack of effect in higher concentrations. Thus, the 2-AG emerges as a complementary target for developing new anxiolytic compounds. Nevertheless, the role of 2-AG on stress responsivity may vary according to the nature of the stimulus. In this study, we verified whether the dlPAG injection of 2-AG or inhibitors of its hydrolysis induce anxiolytic-like effects in male Wistar rats exposed to behavioral models in which physical stress (mild electric shock) is a critical component, namely the contextual fear conditioning test (CFC) and the Vogel conflict test (VCT). We also investigated the contribution of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2) in such effects. The facilitation of 2-AG signaling in the dlPAG reduced contextual fear expression and exhibited an anxiolytic-like effect in the VCT in a mechanism dependent on activation of CB1 and CB2. However, the VCT required a higher dose than CFC. Further, the monoacylglycerol inhibitors, which inhibit the hydrolysis of 2-AG, were effective only in the CFC. In conclusion, we confirmed the anti-aversive properties of 2-AG in the dlPAG through CB1 and CB2 mechanisms. However, these effects could vary according to the type of stressor and the anxiety model employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayssa C Brianis
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Batista LA, Lopes JB, Brianis RC, Haibara AS, Moreira FA. Intravenous doxapram administration as a potential model of panic attacks in rats. Behav Pharmacol 2021; 32:182-193. [PMID: 33136614 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Panic disorder can be categorized into the nonrespiratory or the respiratory subtypes, the latter comprising dyspnea, shortness of breath, chest pain, feelings of suffocation, and paresthesias. Doxapram is an analeptic capable of inducing panic attacks with respiratory symptoms in individuals diagnosed with the disorder; however, its neuroanatomical targets and its effects on experimental animals remain uncharacterized. One of the brain regions proposed to trigger panic attacks is the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG). Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the effects of doxapram in Fos (c-Fos) protein expression in the PAG and characterized its cardiorespiratory and behavioral effects on the elevated T maze and in the conditioned place aversion (CPA) paradigms. Doxapram increased Fos expression in different columns of the PAG, increased respiratory frequency, decreased heart rate, and increased arterial pressure when injected via intravenous route. Alprazolam, a panicolytic benzodiazepine, injected via intraperitoneal route, decreased respiratory frequency, whereas URB597, an anandamide hydrolysis inhibitor injected via intraperitoneal route, was ineffective. Doxapram injected via intraperitoneal route induced an anxiogenic-like effect in the elevated T-maze model; however, it failed to induce CPA. This study suggests that the cardiorespiratory and behavioral effects of doxapram in rodents serve as an experimental model that can provide insights into the neurobiology of panic attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrea S Haibara
- Departament of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Godoi MM, Junior HZ, da Cunha JM, Zanoveli JM. Mu-opioid and CB1 cannabinoid receptors of the dorsal periaqueductal gray interplay in the regulation of fear response, but not antinociception. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 194:172938. [PMID: 32376258 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.172938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) plays an important role in defensive responses and pain control. The activation of cannabinoid type-1 (CB1) or mu-opioid (MOR) receptors in the dorsal region of this structure (dPAG) inhibits fear and facilitates antinociception induced by different aversive stimuli. However, it is still unknown whether these two receptors work cooperatively in order to achieve these inhibitory actions. This study investigated the involvement and a likely interplay between CB1 and MOR receptors localized into the dPAG on the regulation of fear-like defensive responses and antinociception (evaluated in tail-flick test) evoked by dPAG chemical stimulation with N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA). Before the administration of NMDA, animals were first intra-dPAG injected with the CB1 agonist ACEA (0.5 pmol), or with the MOR agonist DAMGO (0.5 pmol) in combination with the respective antagonists AM251 (CB1 antagonist, 100 pmol) or CTOP (MOR antagonist, 1 nmol). To investigate the interplay between these receptors, microinjection of CTOP was combined with ACEA, or microinjection of AM251 was combined with DAMGO. Our results showed that both the intra-PAG treatments with ACEA or DAMGO inhibited NMDA-induced freezing expression, whereas only the treatment with DAMGO increased antinociception induced with NMDA, which are completely blocked by its respective antagonists. Interestingly, the inhibitory effects of ACEA or DAMGO on freezing was blocked by CTOP and AM251, respectively, indicating a functional interaction between these two receptors in the mediation of defensive behaviors. However, this cooperative interaction was not observed during the NMDA-induced antinociception. Our findings indicate that there is a cooperative action between the MOR and CB1 receptors within the dPAG and it is involved in the mediation of NMDA-induced defensive responses. Additionally, the MORs into the dPAG are involved in the modulation of the antinociceptive effects that follow a fear-like defense-reaction induced by dPAG chemical stimulation with NMDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuella Machado Godoi
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Building, Federal University of Paraná, Rua Coronel H. dos Santos S/N, P.O. Box 19031, Curitiba, Paraná 81540-990, Brazil
| | - Hélio Zangrossi Junior
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Joice Maria da Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Building, Federal University of Paraná, Rua Coronel H. dos Santos S/N, P.O. Box 19031, Curitiba, Paraná 81540-990, Brazil; Institute of Neurosciences and Behavior and Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology of Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Janaina Menezes Zanoveli
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Building, Federal University of Paraná, Rua Coronel H. dos Santos S/N, P.O. Box 19031, Curitiba, Paraná 81540-990, Brazil; Institute of Neurosciences and Behavior and Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology of Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-900, Brazil.
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Khan AU, Falconi-Sobrinho LL, Dos Anjos-Garcia T, de Fátima Dos Santos Sampaio M, de Souza Crippa JA, Menescal-de-Oliveira L, Coimbra NC. Cannabidiol-induced panicolytic-like effects and fear-induced antinociception impairment: the role of the CB 1 receptor in the ventromedial hypothalamus. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:1063-1079. [PMID: 31919563 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05435-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The behavioural effects elicited by chemical constituents of Cannabis sativa, such as cannabidiol (CBD), on the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) are not well understood. There is evidence that VMH neurons play a relevant role in the modulation of unconditioned fear-related defensive behavioural reactions displayed by laboratory animals. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to explore the specific pattern of distribution of the CB1 receptors in the VMH and to investigate the role played by this cannabinoid receptor in the effect of CBD on the control of defensive behaviours and unconditioned fear-induced antinociception. METHODS A panic attack-like state was triggered in Wistar rats by intra-VMH microinjections of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). One of three different doses of CBD was microinjected into the VMH prior to local administration of NMDA. In addition, the most effective dose of CBD was used after pre-treatment with the CB1 receptor selective antagonist AM251, followed by NMDA microinjections in the VMH. RESULTS The morphological procedures demonstrated distribution of labelled CB1 receptors on neuronal perikarya situated in dorsomedial, central and ventrolateral divisions of the VMH. The neuropharmacological approaches showed that both panic attack-like behaviours and unconditioned fear-induced antinociception decreased after intra-hypothalamic microinjections of CBD at the highest dose (100 nmol). These effects, however, were blocked by the administration of the CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 (100 pmol) in the VMH. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that CBD causes panicolytic-like effects and reduces unconditioned fear-induced antinociception when administered in the VMH, and these effects are mediated by the CB1 receptor-endocannabinoid signalling mechanism in VMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmat Ullah Khan
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil.,Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, School of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Poonch Rawalakot, Hajira Road, Shamsabad, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, 12350, Pakistan.,Neurobiology of Emotions (NAP-USP-NuPNE) Research Centre, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz Luciano Falconi-Sobrinho
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil.,Neurobiology of Emotions (NAP-USP-NuPNE) Research Centre, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil.,Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Avenida do Café, 2450, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 4220-030, Brazil
| | - Tayllon Dos Anjos-Garcia
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil.,Neurobiology of Emotions (NAP-USP-NuPNE) Research Centre, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Dos Santos Sampaio
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre de Souza Crippa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioural Sciences, Division of Psychiatry, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Leda Menescal-de-Oliveira
- Neurobiology of Emotions (NAP-USP-NuPNE) Research Centre, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil.,Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Norberto Cysne Coimbra
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil. .,Neurobiology of Emotions (NAP-USP-NuPNE) Research Centre, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil. .,Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Avenida do Café, 2450, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 4220-030, Brazil.
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Navarrete F, García-Gutiérrez MS, Jurado-Barba R, Rubio G, Gasparyan A, Austrich-Olivares A, Manzanares J. Endocannabinoid System Components as Potential Biomarkers in Psychiatry. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:315. [PMID: 32395111 PMCID: PMC7197485 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The high heterogeneity of psychiatric disorders leads to a lack of diagnostic precision. Therefore, the search of biomarkers is a fundamental aspect in psychiatry to reach a more personalized medicine. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has gained increasing interest due to its involvement in many different functional processes in the brain, including the regulation of emotions, motivation, and cognition. This article reviews the role of the main components of the ECS as biomarkers in certain psychiatric disorders. Studies carried out in rodents evaluating the effects of pharmacological and genetic manipulation of cannabinoid receptors or endocannabinoids (eCBs) degrading enzymes were included. Likewise, the ECS-related alterations occurring at the molecular level in animal models reproducing some behavioral and/or neuropathological aspects of psychiatric disorders were reviewed. Furthermore, clinical studies evaluating gene or protein alterations in post-mortem brain tissue or in vivo blood, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were analyzed. Also, the results from neuroimaging studies using positron emission tomography (PET) or functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) were included. This review shows the close involvement of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1r) in stress regulation and the development of mood disorders [anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder (BD)], in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as in the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or eating disorders (i.e. anorexia and bulimia nervosa). On the other hand, recent results reveal the potential therapeutic action of the endocannabinoid tone manipulation by inhibition of eCBs degrading enzymes, as well as by the modulation of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2r) activity on anxiolytic, antidepressive, or antipsychotic associated effects. Further clinical research studies are needed; however, current evidence suggests that the components of the ECS may become promising biomarkers in psychiatry to improve, at least in part, the diagnosis and pharmacological treatment of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Navarrete
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain.,Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Salud García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain.,Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Jurado-Barba
- Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Educación y Salud, Universidad Camilo José Cela, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel Rubio
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ani Gasparyan
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain.,Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Manzanares
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain.,Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
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Calapai G, Mannucci C, Chinou I, Cardia L, Calapai F, Sorbara EE, Firenzuoli B, Ricca V, Gensini GF, Firenzuoli F. Preclinical and Clinical Evidence Supporting Use of Cannabidiol in Psychiatry. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:2509129. [PMID: 31558911 PMCID: PMC6735178 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2509129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabidiol (CBD) is a major chemical compound present in Cannabis sativa. CBD is a nonpsychotomimetic substance, and it is considered one of the most promising candidates for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to illustrate the state of art about scientific research and the evidence of effectiveness of CBD in psychiatric patients. METHODS This review collects the main scientific findings on the potential role of CBD in the psychiatric field, and results of clinical trials carried out on psychiatric patients are commented. A research was conducted in the PUBMED, SCOPUS, and ScienceDirect databases using combinations of the words cannabidiol, psychiatry, and neuropsychiatric. RESULTS Preclinical and clinical studies on potential role of CBD in psychiatry were collected and further discussed. We found four clinical studies describing the effects of CBD in psychiatric patients: two studies about schizophrenic patients and the other two studies carried out on CBD effects in patients affected by generalized social anxiety disorder (SAD). CONCLUSION Results from these studies are promising and suggest that CBD may have a role in the development of new therapeutic strategies in mental diseases, and they justify an in-depth commitment in this field. However, clinical evidence we show for CBD in psychiatric patients is instead still poor and limited to schizophrenia and anxiety, and it needs to be implemented with further studies carried out on psychiatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioacchino Calapai
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmen Mannucci
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ioanna Chinou
- Division of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Luigi Cardia
- Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, A.O.U. G. Martino Messina, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Calapai
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Elisa Sorbara
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Bernardo Firenzuoli
- Research and Innovation Center in Phytotherapy and Integrated Medicine (CERFIT), Referring Center for Phytotherapy of Tuscany Region, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Valdo Ricca
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gian Franco Gensini
- Permanent Commission for Guidelines, Coordinator, Tuscany Region, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Firenzuoli
- Research and Innovation Center in Phytotherapy and Integrated Medicine (CERFIT), Referring Center for Phytotherapy of Tuscany Region, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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Terpou BA, Harricharan S, McKinnon MC, Frewen P, Jetly R, Lanius RA. The effects of trauma on brain and body: A unifying role for the midbrain periaqueductal gray. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:1110-1140. [PMID: 31254294 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a diagnosis that may follow the experience of trauma, has multiple symptomatic phenotypes. Generally, individuals with PTSD display symptoms of hyperarousal and of hyperemotionality in the presence of fearful stimuli. A subset of individuals with PTSD; however, elicit dissociative symptomatology (i.e., depersonalization, derealization) in the wake of a perceived threat. This pattern of response characterizes the dissociative subtype of the disorder, which is often associated with emotional numbing and hypoarousal. Both symptomatic phenotypes exhibit attentional threat biases, where threat stimuli are processed preferentially leading to a hypervigilant state that is thought to promote defensive behaviors during threat processing. Accordingly, PTSD and its dissociative subtype are thought to differ in their proclivity to elicit active (i.e., fight, flight) versus passive (i.e., tonic immobility, emotional shutdown) defensive responses, which are characterized by the increased and the decreased expression of the sympathetic nervous system, respectively. Moreover, active and passive defenses are accompanied by primarily endocannabinoid- and opioid-mediated analgesics, respectively. Through critical review of the literature, we apply the defense cascade model to better understand the pathological presentation of defensive responses in PTSD with a focus on the functioning of lower-level midbrain and extended brainstem systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braeden A Terpou
- Department of Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Margaret C McKinnon
- Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Frewen
- Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rakesh Jetly
- Canadian Forces, Health Services, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ruth A Lanius
- Department of Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Dos Anjos-Garcia T, Coimbra NC. Opposing roles of dorsomedial hypothalamic CB1 and TRPV1 receptors in anandamide signaling during the panic-like response elicited in mice by Brazilian rainbow Boidae snakes. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:1863-1874. [PMID: 30694375 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-5170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The endocannabinoid system plays an important role in the organization of panic-like defensive behavior. Threatening situations stimulate brain areas, such as the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH). However, there is a lack of studies addressing the role of the DMH endocannabinoid system in panic-like responses. OBJECTIVES We aimed to verify which mechanisms underlie anandamide-mediated responses in the DMH. METHODS To test the hypothesis that the anandamide produces panicolytic-like effects, we treated mice with intra-DMH microinjections of vehicle or increasing doses of anandamide (0.5, 5, or 50 pmol) and then performed confrontation with the South American snake Epicrates cenchria assisi. RESULTS Intra-DMH anandamide treatment yielded a U-shaped dose-response curve with no effect of the lowest (0.5 pmol) or the highest (50 pmol) dose and significant inhibition of panic-like responses at the intermediate (5 pmol) dose. In addition, this panicolytic-like effect was prevented by pretreatment of the DMH with the CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 (100 pmol). However, pretreatment of the DMH with the TRPV1 receptor antagonist 6-iodo-nordihydrocapsaicin (3 nmol) restored the panicolytic-like effect of the highest dose of anandamide. Immunohistochemistry revealed that CB1 receptors were present primarily on axonal fibers, while TRPV1 receptors were found almost exclusively surrounding the perikarya in DMH. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that anandamide exerts a panicolytic-like effect in the DMH by activation of CB1 receptors and that TRPV1 receptors are related to the lack of effect of the highest dose of anandamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayllon Dos Anjos-Garcia
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil.,NAP-USP-Neurobiology of Emotions Research Centre (NuPNE), Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil.,Ophidiarium LNN-FMRP-USP/INeC, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Norberto Cysne Coimbra
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil. .,NAP-USP-Neurobiology of Emotions Research Centre (NuPNE), Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil. .,Ophidiarium LNN-FMRP-USP/INeC, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil. .,Behavioural Neuroscience Institute (INeC), Av. do Café, 2450, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14050-220, Brazil.
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9
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Freels TG, Lester DB, Cook MN. Arachidonoyl serotonin (AA-5-HT) modulates general fear-like behavior and inhibits mesolimbic dopamine release. Behav Brain Res 2019; 362:140-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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10
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Hypothalamic endocannabinoid signalling modulates aversive responses related to panic attacks. Neuropharmacology 2019; 148:284-290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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11
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Batista LA, Moreira FA. Cannabinoid CB 1 receptors mediate the anxiolytic effects induced by systemic alprazolam and intra-periaqueductal gray 5-HT 1A receptor activation. Neurosci Lett 2019; 703:5-10. [PMID: 30858018 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system has been implicated in the modulation of behaviors related to anxiety and panic disorders. Accordingly, facilitation of CB1 receptor signaling reduces the consequences of aversive stimuli in animal models. However, the role of the CB1 receptor in the effects of anxiolytic drugs has remained unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the anxiolytic and panicolytic responses to systemic alprazolam injection and local 5-HT1A receptor activation in the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray (dlPAG) depend on CB1 receptor activation. Systemic injection of alprazolam (4 mg/kg) induced an anxiolytic-like effect in the elevated T maze (ETM) model of panic and anxiety, which was prevented by the CB1 antagonist AM251 (0.3 mg/kg). Likewise, intra-dlPAG injection of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT (3.2 nmol/0.2 u L) also reduced anxiety-like behavior, a response prevented by intra-dlPAG injection of AM251 (100 pmol/0.2 µL). 8-OH-DPAT (8 nmol/0.2 µL) also presented a panicolytic-like activity in the escape reaction induced by chemical stimulation of the dlPAG, which was not prevented by AM251 (100 pmol/0.2 µL). These results suggest that CB1 receptor signaling is involved in the effects of anxiolytic drugs, with potential implications for developing new treatments for anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luara A Batista
- Graduate School in Neuroscience, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Fabricio A Moreira
- Graduate School in Neuroscience, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Morimoto Y, Shimada-Sugimoto M, Otowa T, Yoshida S, Kinoshita A, Mishima H, Yamaguchi N, Mori T, Imamura A, Ozawa H, Kurotaki N, Ziegler C, Domschke K, Deckert J, Umekage T, Tochigi M, Kaiya H, Okazaki Y, Tokunaga K, Sasaki T, Yoshiura KI, Ono S. Whole-exome sequencing and gene-based rare variant association tests suggest that PLA2G4E might be a risk gene for panic disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:41. [PMID: 29391400 PMCID: PMC5804028 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Panic disorder (PD) is characterized by recurrent and unexpected panic attacks, subsequent anticipatory anxiety, and phobic avoidance. Recent epidemiological and genetic studies have revealed that genetic factors contribute to the pathogenesis of PD. We performed whole-exome sequencing on one Japanese family, including multiple patients with panic disorder, which identified seven rare protein-altering variants. We then screened these genes in a Japanese PD case-control group (384 sporadic PD patients and 571 controls), resulting in the detection of three novel single nucleotide variants as potential candidates for PD (chr15: 42631993, T>C in GANC; chr15: 42342861, G>T in PLA2G4E; chr20: 3641457, G>C in GFRA4). Statistical analyses of these three genes showed that PLA2G4E yielded the lowest p value in gene-based rare variant association tests by Efficient and Parallelizable Association Container Toolbox algorithms; however, the p value did not reach the significance threshold in the Japanese. Likewise, in a German case-control study (96 sporadic PD patients and 96 controls), PLA2G4E showed the lowest p value but again did not reach the significance threshold. In conclusion, we failed to find any significant variants or genes responsible for the development of PD. Nonetheless, our results still leave open the possibility that rare protein-altering variants in PLA2G4E contribute to the risk of PD, considering the function of this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Morimoto
- 0000 0000 8902 2273grid.174567.6Department of Neuropsychiatry, Unit of Translation Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan ,0000 0000 8902 2273grid.174567.6Department of Human Genetics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mihoko Shimada-Sugimoto
- 0000 0001 2151 536Xgrid.26999.3dDepartment of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Otowa
- grid.440938.2Graduate School of Clinical Psychology, Professional Degree Program in Clinical Psychology, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yoshida
- 0000 0000 8902 2273grid.174567.6Department of Human Genetics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akira Kinoshita
- 0000 0000 8902 2273grid.174567.6Department of Human Genetics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mishima
- 0000 0000 8902 2273grid.174567.6Department of Human Genetics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Naohiro Yamaguchi
- 0000 0000 8902 2273grid.174567.6Department of Neuropsychiatry, Unit of Translation Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Akira Imamura
- 0000 0000 8902 2273grid.174567.6Department of Neuropsychiatry, Unit of Translation Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ozawa
- 0000 0000 8902 2273grid.174567.6Department of Neuropsychiatry, Unit of Translation Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Naohiro Kurotaki
- 0000 0000 8902 2273grid.174567.6Department of Neuropsychiatry, Unit of Translation Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Christiane Ziegler
- 0000 0001 1958 8658grid.8379.5Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany ,grid.5963.9Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Domschke
- 0000 0001 1958 8658grid.8379.5Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany ,grid.5963.9Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Deckert
- 0000 0001 1958 8658grid.8379.5Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tadashi Umekage
- 0000 0001 2151 536Xgrid.26999.3dDivision for Environment, Health and Safety, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tochigi
- 0000 0000 9239 9995grid.264706.1Department of Neuropsychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisanobu Kaiya
- Panic Disorder Research Center, Warakukai Med. Corp, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Okazaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Koseikai Michino-o Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Katsushi Tokunaga
- 0000 0001 2151 536Xgrid.26999.3dDepartment of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sasaki
- 0000 0001 2151 536Xgrid.26999.3dDepartment of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koh-ichiro Yoshiura
- 0000 0000 8902 2273grid.174567.6Department of Human Genetics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shinji Ono
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Unit of Translation Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan. .,Department of Human Genetics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan. .,Aino-Ariake Hospital, Unzen, Nagasaki, Japan.
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Masdrakis VG, Papageorgiou C, Markianos M. Associations of plasma leptin to clinical manifestations in reproductive aged female patients with panic disorder. Psychiatry Res 2017; 255:161-166. [PMID: 28551488 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical studies suggest the implication of the adipocyte hormone leptin in anxiety and fear processes. We explored for potential differences regarding plasma leptin, cortisol and the ratio leptin/Body Mass Index (BMI) between 27 medication-free female patients with Panic Disorder (PD) and 42 age-matched female controls, and for potential associations between plasma leptin and psychometric evaluations including number of panic attacks during last week, Clinical Global Impression-Severity of Illness (CGI-S) and Symptoms Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). Cortisol levels showed no differences between patients and controls, or correlations to leptin or to any clinical features. Both groups demonstrated a strong positive correlation between leptin and BMI and similar leptin and leptin/BMI, despite patients' lower BMI. However, patients -but not controls- demonstrated significant negative correlations of leptin to the 'somatization', 'anxiety', and 'phobic anxiety' SCL-90-R subscales. Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation of leptin and of leptin/BMI ratio to the number of panic attacks during last week, while higher CGI-S was associated with lower leptin/BMI ratio. Our results, limited to PD female patients, suggest that lower leptin serum levels are significantly associated with greater severity of psychopathological manifestations, including number of panic attacks, symptoms of somatization, anxiety and phobic anxiety and overall clinical presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios G Masdrakis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, 74 Vas. Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece.
| | - Charalambos Papageorgiou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, 74 Vas. Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Manolis Markianos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, 74 Vas. Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece
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14
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The endocannabinoid system, a novel and key participant in acupuncture's multiple beneficial effects. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 77:340-357. [PMID: 28412017 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acupuncture and its modified forms have been used to treat multiple medical conditions, but whether the diverse effects of acupuncture are intrinsically linked at the cellular and molecular level and how they might be connected have yet to be determined. Recently, an emerging role for the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the regulation of a variety of physiological/pathological conditions has been identified. Overlap between the biological and therapeutic effects induced by ECS activation and acupuncture has facilitated investigations into the participation of ECS in the acupuncture-induced beneficial effects, which have shed light on the idea that the ECS may be a primary mediator and regulatory factor of acupuncture's beneficial effects. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive summary of the existing literature concerning the role of endocannabinoid signaling in the various effects of acupuncture, and suggests a novel notion that acupuncture may restore homeostasis under different pathological conditions by regulating similar networks of signaling pathways, resulting in the activation of different reaction cascades in specific tissues in response to pathological insults.
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Volkow ND, Hampson AJ, Baler RD. Don't Worry, Be Happy: Endocannabinoids and Cannabis at the Intersection of Stress and Reward. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 57:285-308. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010716-104615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nora D. Volkow
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892;
| | - Aidan J. Hampson
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892;
| | - Ruben D. Baler
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892;
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Effects of alprazolam and cannabinoid-related compounds in an animal model of panic attack. Behav Brain Res 2017; 317:508-514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Gobira PH, Almeida-Santos AF, Guimaraes FS, Moreira FA, Aguiar DC. Role of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol in aversive responses mediated by the dorsolateral periaqueductal grey. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:15-22. [PMID: 26628106 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is an endogenous ligand of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor. This endocannabinoid and its hydrolyzing enzyme, monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), are present in encephalic regions related to psychiatric disorders, including the midbrain dorsolateral periaqueductal grey (dlPAG). The dlPAG is implicated in panic disorder and its stimulation results in defensive responses proposed as a model of panic attacks. The present work verified if facilitation of 2-AG signalling in the dlPAG counteracts panic-like responses induced by local chemical stimulation. Intra-dlPAG injection of 2-AG prevented panic-like response induced by the excitatory amino acid N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA). This effect was mimicked by the 2-AG hydrolysis inhibitor (MAGL preferring inhibitor) URB602. The anti-aversive effect of URB602 was reversed by the CB1 receptor antagonist, AM251. Additionally, a combination of sub-effective doses of 2-AG and URB602 also prevented NMDA-induced panic-like response. Finally, immunofluorescence assay showed a significant increase in c-Fos positive cells in the dlPAG after local administration of NMDA. This response was also prevented by URB602. These data support the hypothesis that 2-AG participates in anti-aversive mechanisms in the dlPAG and reinforce the proposal that facilitation of endocannabinoid signalling could be a putative target for developing additional treatments against panic and other anxiety-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Gobira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - A F Almeida-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - F S Guimaraes
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil; Center of Interdisciplinary Research of Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F A Moreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - D C Aguiar
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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