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Rogers JF, Vandendoren M, Prather JF, Landen JG, Bedford NL, Nelson AC. Neural cell-types and circuits linking thermoregulation and social behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 161:105667. [PMID: 38599356 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how social and affective behavioral states are controlled by neural circuits is a fundamental challenge in neurobiology. Despite increasing understanding of central circuits governing prosocial and agonistic interactions, how bodily autonomic processes regulate these behaviors is less resolved. Thermoregulation is vital for maintaining homeostasis, but also associated with cognitive, physical, affective, and behavioral states. Here, we posit that adjusting body temperature may be integral to the appropriate expression of social behavior and argue that understanding neural links between behavior and thermoregulation is timely. First, changes in behavioral states-including social interaction-often accompany changes in body temperature. Second, recent work has uncovered neural populations controlling both thermoregulatory and social behavioral pathways. We identify additional neural populations that, in separate studies, control social behavior and thermoregulation, and highlight their relevance to human and animal studies. Third, dysregulation of body temperature is linked to human neuropsychiatric disorders. Although body temperature is a "hidden state" in many neurobiological studies, it likely plays an underappreciated role in regulating social and affective states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Rogers
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA; University of Wyoming Sensory Biology Center, USA
| | - Morgane Vandendoren
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA; University of Wyoming Sensory Biology Center, USA
| | - Jonathan F Prather
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Jason G Landen
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA; University of Wyoming Sensory Biology Center, USA
| | - Nicole L Bedford
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Adam C Nelson
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA; University of Wyoming Sensory Biology Center, USA.
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Innes DJ, Hudson NJ, Anderson ST, Poppi DP, Quigley SP. Differential voluntary feed intake and whole transcriptome profiling in the hypothalamus of young sheep offered CP and phosphorus-deficient diets. Animal 2023; 17:100973. [PMID: 37738703 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A reduction in voluntary feed intake is observed in ruminants consuming nutrient-deficient diets, such as those with a low CP or P content, and has been attributed to active metabolic regulation, rather than a physical constraint. The hypothalamus is the key integrator of feed intake regulation in mammals. The objectives of this experiment were to (1) establish a model of metabolic feed intake regulation in ruminants consuming diets of variable CP and P content, and (2) determine key biochemical pathways and influential points of regulation within the hypothalamus. Merino wethers [n = 40; 23.7 ± 1.4 kg liveweight (mean ± SD)] were fed one of five dietary treatments (n = 8/treatment) for 63 days in individual pens. The treatments included targeted combinations of high (H) and low (L) CP (110 and 55 g/kg DM) and high and low P (2.5 and 0.7 g/kg DM) with 9 MJ metabolisable energy (ME) per kg DM which were fed ad libitum (UMEI; unrestricted ME intake) resulting in four experimental diets (HCP-HP-UMEI, LCP-HP-UMEI, HCP-LP-UMEI and LCP-LP-UMEI). An additional nutritional treatment (HCP-HP-RMEI) restricted intake of the HCP-HP diet to an equivalent ME intake of wethers consuming the LCP-LP-UMEI treatment. Wethers offered the LCP-HP-UMEI, HCP-LP-UMEI and LCP-LP-UMEI treatments consumed 42, 32 and 49% less total DM (P ≤ 0.05), respectively than the HCP-HP-UMEI treatment, and this was not attributable to any physical limitation of the rumen. Plasma concentrations of urea nitrogen and inorganic phosphate indicated that these nutrient deficiencies were successfully established. To assess potential mechanisms, RNA-seq was conducted on samples from the arcuate nucleus (ARC), ventromedial hypothalamus and lateral hypothalamus of the wethers, yielding a total of 301, 8 and 148 differentially expressed genes across all pairwise comparisons, respectively. The expression of NPY, AGRP and CARTPT, known for their regulatory role in mammalian feed intake regulation, had a similar transcriptional response in the ARC of wethers consuming nutrient-deficient treatments and those consuming a ME-restricted treatment, despite these wethers expressing behaviours indicative of satiated and hungry states, respectively. In addition, genes involved with glycolysis (TPI1), the citric acid cycle (CS, OGDH, GLUD1, GOT1) and oxidative phosphorylation (COX5A, ATP5MC1, ATP5F1B, ATP5MC3) were downregulated in the ARC of wethers fed a nutrient deficient (LCP-LP-UMEI) relative to the non-deficient (HCP-HP-UMEI) treatment. In summary, a model for voluntary feed intake restriction was established to determine genome-wide molecular changes in the hypothalamus of young ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Innes
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia
| | - N J Hudson
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia
| | - S T Anderson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - D P Poppi
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia
| | - S P Quigley
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia.
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Mota CMD, Madden CJ. Mediobasal hypothalamic neurons contribute to the control of brown adipose tissue sympathetic nerve activity and cutaneous vasoconstriction. J Therm Biol 2023; 114:103551. [PMID: 37216765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) contains heterogeneous neuronal populations that regulate food intake and energy expenditure. However, the role of MBH neurons in the neural control of thermoeffector activity for thermoregulation is not known. This study sought to determine the effects of modulating the activity of MBH neurons on the sympathetic outflow to brown adipose tissue (BAT), BAT thermogenesis, and cutaneous vasomotion. Pharmacological inhibition of MBH neurons by local administration of muscimol, a GABAA receptor agonist, reduced skin cooling-evoked BAT thermogenesis, expired CO2, body temperature, heart rate, and mean arterial pressure, while blockade of GABAA receptors by nanoinjection of bicuculline in the MBH induced large increases in BAT sympathetic nerve activity (SNA), BAT temperature, body temperature, expired CO2, heart rate, and cutaneous vasoconstriction. Neurons in the MBH send projections to neurons in the dorsal hypothalamic area and dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), which excite sympathetic premotor neurons in the rostral raphe pallidus area (rRPa) that control sympathetic outflow to BAT. The increases in BAT SNA, BAT temperature, and expired CO2 elicited by blockade of GABAA receptors in the MBH were reversed by blocking excitatory amino acid receptors in the DMH or in the rRPa. Together, our data show that MBH neurons provide a modest contribution to BAT thermogenesis for cold defense, while GABAergic disinhibition of these neurons produces large increases in the sympathetic outflow to BAT, and cutaneous vasoconstriction. Activation of glutamate receptors on BAT thermogenesis-promoting neurons of the DMH and rRPa is necessary for the increased sympathetic outflow to BAT evoked by disinhibition of MBH neurons. These data demonstrate neural mechanisms that contribute to the control of thermoeffector activity, and may have important implications for regulating body temperature and energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa M D Mota
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Christopher J Madden
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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Li Y, Li Y, Zhang X, Li Y, Liu Y, Xu H. CaMKIIa Neurons of the Ventromedial Hypothalamus Mediate Wakefulness and Anxiety-like Behavior. Neurochem Res 2023:10.1007/s11064-023-03925-9. [PMID: 37014492 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03925-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Insomnia and anxiety are two common and closely related clinical problems that pose a threat to individuals' physical and mental well-being. There is a possibility that some nuclei and neural circuits in the brain are shared by both insomnia and anxiety. In the present study, using a combination of chemogenetics, optogenetics, polysomnographic recordings and the classic tests of anxiety-like behaviors, we verified that the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha (CaMKIIa) neurons of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) are involved in the regulation of both wakefulness and anxiety. Chemogenetic manipulation of the VMH CaMKIIa neurons elicited an apparent increase in wakefulness during activation, whereas inhibition decreased wakefulness mildly. It substantiated that the VMH CaMKIIa neurons contribute to wakefulness. Then in millisecond-scale control of neuronal activity, short-term and long-term optogenetic activation induced the initiation and maintenance of wakefulness, respectively. We also observed that mice reduced exploratory behaviors in classic anxiety tests while activating the VMH CaMKIIa neurons and were anxiolytic while inhibiting. Additionally, photostimulation of the VMH CaMKIIa axons in the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH) mediated wakefulness and triggered anxiety-like behaviors as well. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the VMH participates in the control of wakefulness and anxiety, and offer a neurological explanation for insomnia and anxiety, which may be valuable for therapeutic interventions such as medication and transcranial magnetic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Li
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430071, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430071, China
| | - Xuefen Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430071, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430071, China
| | - Yanchao Liu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430071, China
| | - Haibo Xu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430071, China.
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Potegal M, Nordman JC. Non-angry aggressive arousal and angriffsberietschaft: A narrative review of the phenomenology and physiology of proactive/offensive aggression motivation and escalation in people and other animals. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 147:105110. [PMID: 36822384 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Human aggression typologies largely correspond with those for other animals. While there may be no non-human equivalent of angry reactive aggression, we propose that human proactive aggression is similar to offense in other animals' dominance contests for territory or social status. Like predation/hunting, but unlike defense, offense and proactive aggression are positively reinforcing, involving dopamine release in accumbens. The drive these motivational states provide must suffice to overcome fear associated with initiating risky fights. We term the neural activity motivating proactive aggression "non-angry aggressive arousal", but use "angriffsberietschaft" for offense motivation in other animals to acknowledge possible differences. Temporal variation in angriffsberietschaft partitions fights into bouts; engendering reduced anti-predator vigilance, redirected aggression and motivational over-ride. Increased aggressive arousal drives threat-to-attack transitions, as in verbal-to-physical escalation and beyond that, into hyper-aggression. Proactive aggression and offense involve related neural activity states. Cingulate, insular and prefrontal cortices energize/modulate aggression through a subcortical core containing subnuclei for each aggression type. These proposals will deepen understanding of aggression across taxa, guiding prevention/intervention for human violence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob C Nordman
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA.
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Liu Z, Liu Z, Zhou H, Zhou Y, Xu X, Li Z, Guo F, Wang Y, Zhou Z, Zhou L, Wang Y, Zhou X, Xia H, Jiang H. Increased sympathetic outflow induced by emotional stress aggravates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via activation of TLR7/MyD88/IRF5 signaling pathway. Inflamm Res 2023. [PMID: 36933018 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01708-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Emotional stress substantially increases the risk of ischemic cardiovascular diseases. Previous study indicates that sympathetic outflow is increased under emotional stress. We aim to investigate the role of increased sympathetic outflow induced by emotional stress in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS We used Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs technique to activate the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), a critical emotion-related nucleus. The results revealed that emotional stress stimulated by VMH activation increased sympathetic outflow, enhanced blood pressure, aggravated myocardial I/R injury, and exacerbated infarct size. The RNA-seq and molecular detection demonstrated that toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5), and downstream inflammatory markers in cardiomyocytes were significantly upregulated. Emotional stress-induced sympathetic outflow further exacerbated the disorder of the TLR7/MyD88/IRF5 inflammatory signaling pathway. While inhibition of the signaling pathway partially alleviated myocardial I/R injury aggravated by emotional stress-induced sympathetic outflow. CONCLUSION Increased sympathetic outflow induced by emotional stress activates TLR7/MyD88/IRF5 signaling pathway, ultimately aggravating I/R injury.
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Cortes LR, Cisternas CD, Cabahug INKV, Mason D, Ramlall EK, Castillo-Ruiz A, Forger NG. DNA Methylation and Demethylation Underlie the Sex Difference in Estrogen Receptor Alpha in the Arcuate Nucleus. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 112:636-648. [PMID: 34547753 PMCID: PMC8934748 DOI: 10.1159/000519671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurons expressing estrogen receptor (ER) ɑ in the arcuate (ARC) and ventromedial (VMH) nuclei of the hypothalamus sex-specifically control energy homeostasis, sexual behavior, and bone density. Females have more ERɑ neurons in the VMH and ARC than males, and the sex difference in the VMH is eliminated by neonatal treatment with testosterone or a DNA methylation inhibitor. OBJECTIVE Here, we tested the roles of testosterone and DNA methylation/demethylation in development of ERɑ in the ARC. METHODS ERɑ was examined at birth and weaning in mice that received vehicle or testosterone subcutaneously, and vehicle or DNA methyltransferase inhibitor intracerebroventricularly, as neonates. To examine effects of DNA demethylation on the ERɑ cell number in the ARC, mice were treated neonatally with small interfering RNAs against ten-eleven translocase enzymes. The methylation status of the ERɑ gene (Esr1) was determined in the ARC and VMH using pyrosequencing of bisulfite-converted DNA. RESULTS A sex difference in ERɑ in the ARC, favoring females, developed between birth and weaning and was due to programming effects of testosterone. Neonatal inhibition of DNA methylation decreased ERɑ in the ARC of females, and an inhibition of <underline>de</underline>methylation increased ERɑ in the ARC of males. The promoter region of Esr1 exhibited a small sex difference in percent of total methylation in the ARC (females > males) that was opposite to that in the VMH (males > females). CONCLUSION DNA methylation and demethylation regulate ERɑ cell number in the ARC, and methylation correlates with activation of Esr1 in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R Cortes
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Carla D Cisternas
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferrreyra INIMEC-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Damian Mason
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Emma K Ramlall
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Nancy G Forger
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Kabelik D, Julien AR, Ramirez D, O'Connell LA. Social boldness correlates with brain gene expression in male green anoles. Horm Behav 2021; 133:105007. [PMID: 34102460 PMCID: PMC8277760 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Within populations, some individuals tend to exhibit a bold or shy social behavior phenotype relative to the mean. The neural underpinnings of these differing phenotypes - also described as syndromes, personalities, and coping styles - is an area of ongoing investigation. Although a social decision-making network has been described across vertebrate taxa, most studies examining activity within this network do so in relation to exhibited differences in behavioral expression. Our study instead focuses on constitutive gene expression in bold and shy individuals by isolating baseline gene expression profiles that influence social boldness predisposition, rather than those reflecting the results of social interaction and behavioral execution. We performed this study on male green anole lizards (Anolis carolinensis), an established model organism for behavioral research, which provides a crucial comparison group to investigations of birds and mammals. After identifying subjects as bold or shy through repeated reproductive and agonistic behavior testing, we used RNA sequencing to compare gene expression profiles between these groups within various forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain regions. The ventromedial hypothalamus had the largest group differences in gene expression, with bold males having increased expression of neuroendocrine and neurotransmitter receptor and calcium channel genes compared to shy males. Conversely, shy males express more integrin alpha-10 in the majority of examined regions. There were no significant group differences in physiology or hormone levels. Our results highlight the ventromedial hypothalamus as an important center of behavioral differences across individuals and provide novel candidates for investigations into the regulation of individual variation in social behavior phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kabelik
- Department of Biology & Program in Neuroscience, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA.
| | - Allison R Julien
- Department of Biology & Program in Neuroscience, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Dave Ramirez
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Mucignat-Caretta C. Processing of intraspecific chemical signals in the rodent brain. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 383:525-33. [PMID: 33404846 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the rodent brain, the central processing of ecologically relevant chemical stimuli involves many different areas located at various levels within the neuraxis: the main and accessory olfactory bulbs, some nuclei in the amygdala, the hypothalamus, and brainstem. These areas allow the integration of the chemosensory stimuli with other sensory information and the selection of the appropriate neurohormonal and behavioral response. This review is a brief introduction to the processing of intraspecific chemosensory stimuli beyond the secondary projection, focusing on the activity of the relevant amygdala and hypothalamic nuclei, namely the medial amygdala and ventromedial hypothalamus. These areas are involved in the appropriate interpretation of chemosensory information and drive the selection of the proper response, which may be behavioral or hormonal and may affect the neural activity of other areas in the telencephalon and brainstem.Recent data support the notion that the processing of intraspecific chemical signals is not unique to one chemosensory system and some molecules may activate both the main and the accessory olfactory system. Moreover, both these systems have mixed projections and cooperate for the correct identification of the stimuli and selection of relevant responses.
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Marraudino M, Carrillo B, Bonaldo B, Llorente R, Campioli E, Garate I, Pinos H, Garcia-Segura LM, Collado P, Grassi D. G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor Immunoreactivity in the Rat Hypothalamus Is Widely Distributed in Neurons, Astrocytes, and Oligodendrocytes, Fluctuates during the Estrous Cycle, and Is Sexually Dimorphic. Neuroendocrinology 2021; 111:660-677. [PMID: 32570260 DOI: 10.1159/000509583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The membrane-associated G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) mediates the regulation by estradiol of arginine-vasopressin immunoreactivity in the supraoptic and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei of female rats and is involved in the estrogenic control of hypothalamic regulated functions, such as food intake, sexual receptivity, and lordosis behavior. OBJECTIVE To assess GPER distribution in the rat hypothalamus. METHODS GPER immunoreactivity was assessed in different anatomical subdivisions of five selected hypothalamic regions of young adult male and cycling female rats: the arcuate nucleus, the lateral hypothalamus, the paraventricular nucleus, the supraoptic nucleus, and the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. GPER immunoreactivity was colocalized with NeuN as a marker of mature neurons, GFAP as a marker of astrocytes, and CC1 as a marker of mature oligodendrocytes. RESULTS GPER immunoreactivity was detected in hypothalamic neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Sex and regional differences and changes during the estrous cycle were detected in the total number of GPER-immunoreactive cells and in the proportion of neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes that were GPER-immunoreactive. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that estrogenic regulation of hypothalamic function through GPER may be different in males and females and may fluctuate during the estrous cycle in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Marraudino
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini," Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Beatriz Carrillo
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Brigitta Bonaldo
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini," Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ricardo Llorente
- Department of Preclinical Odontology, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elia Campioli
- Department of Preclinical Odontology, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iciar Garate
- Department of Physiotherapy, Podology, and Dance, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Helena Pinos
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Collado
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniela Grassi
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain,
- Department of Preclinical Odontology, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain,
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,
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Henderson LA, Macefield VG. The role of the dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamus in regulating behaviorally coupled and resting autonomic drive. Handb Clin Neurol 2021; 180:187-200. [PMID: 34225929 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-820107-7.00012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nearly a century ago it was reported that stimulation of the hypothalamus could evoke profound behavioral state changes coupled with altered autonomic function. Since these initial observations, further studies in animals have revealed that two hypothalamic regions-the dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei-are critical for numerous behaviors, including those in response to psychological stressors. These behaviors are coupled with changes in autonomic functions, such as altered blood pressure, heart rate, sympathetic nerve activity, resetting of the baroreflex and changes in pituitary function. There is also growing evidence that these two hypothalamic regions play a critical role in thermogenesis, and suggestions they could also be responsible for the hypertension associated with obesity. The aim of this chapter is to review the anatomy, projection patterns, and function of the dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamus with a particular focus on their role in autonomic regulation. While most of what is known about these two hypothalamic regions is derived from laboratory animal experiments, recent human studies will also be explored. Finally, we will describe recent human brain imaging studies that provide evidence of a role for these hypothalamic regions in setting resting sympathetic drive and their potential role in conditions such as hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Henderson
- Department of Anatomy & Histology, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Vaughan G Macefield
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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12
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Montardy Q, Kwan WC, Mundinano IC, Fox DM, Wang L, Gross CT, Bourne JA. Mapping the neural circuitry of predator fear in the nonhuman primate. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 226:195-205. [PMID: 33263778 PMCID: PMC7817595 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In rodents, innate and learned fear of predators depends on the medial hypothalamic defensive system, a conserved brain network that lies downstream of the amygdala and promotes avoidance via projections to the periaqueductal gray. Whether this network is involved in primate fear remains unknown. To address this, we provoked flight responses to a predator (moving snake) in the marmoset monkey under laboratory conditions. We combined c-Fos immunolabeling and anterograde/retrograde tracing to map the functional connectivity of the ventromedial hypothalamus, a core node in the medial hypothalamic defensive system. Our findings demonstrate that the ventromedial hypothalamus is recruited by predator exposure in primates and that anatomical connectivity of the rodent and primate medial hypothalamic defensive system are highly conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Montardy
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - William C Kwan
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Inaki C Mundinano
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Dylan M Fox
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Liping Wang
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Cornelius T Gross
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, EMBL Rome, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Via Ramarini 32, 00015, Monterotondo, RM, Italy.
| | - James A Bourne
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
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13
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Aslanpour S, Rosin JM, Balakrishnan A, Klenin N, Blot F, Gradwohl G, Schuurmans C, Kurrasch DM. Ascl1 is required to specify a subset of ventromedial hypothalamic neurons. Development 2020; 147:dev180067. [PMID: 32253239 DOI: 10.1242/dev.180067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Despite clear physiological roles, the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) developmental programs are poorly understood. Here, we asked whether the proneural gene achaete-scute homolog 1 (Ascl1) contributes to VMH development. Ascl1 transcripts were detected in embryonic day (E) 10.5 to postnatal day 0 VMH neural progenitors. The elimination of Ascl1 reduced the number of VMH neurons at E12.5 and E15.5, particularly within the VMH-central (VMHC) and -dorsomedial (VMHDM) subdomains, and resulted in a VMH cell fate change from glutamatergic to GABAergic. We observed a loss of Neurog3 expression in Ascl1-/- hypothalamic progenitors and an upregulation of Neurog3 when Ascl1 was overexpressed. We also demonstrated a glutamatergic to GABAergic fate switch in Neurog3-null mutant mice, suggesting that Ascl1 might act via Neurog3 to drive VMH cell fate decisions. We also showed a concomitant increase in expression of the central GABAergic fate determinant Dlx1/2 in the Ascl1-null hypothalamus. However, Ascl1 was not sufficient to induce an ectopic VMH fate when overexpressed outside the normal window of competency. Combined, Ascl1 is required but not sufficient to specify the neurotransmitter identity of VMH neurons, acting in a transcriptional cascade with Neurog3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Aslanpour
- Department of Neuroscience, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jessica M Rosin
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Anjali Balakrishnan
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Natalia Klenin
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Florence Blot
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM, Universite de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67400, France
| | - Gerard Gradwohl
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM, Universite de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67400, France
| | - Carol Schuurmans
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Deborah M Kurrasch
- Department of Neuroscience, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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14
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Khan AU, Falconi-Sobrinho LL, Dos Anjos-Garcia T, de Fátima Dos Santos Sampaio M, de Souza Crippa JA, Menescal-de-Oliveira L, Coimbra NC. Cannabidiol-induced panicolytic-like effects and fear-induced antinociception impairment: the role of the CB 1 receptor in the ventromedial hypothalamus. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:1063-1079. [PMID: 31919563 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05435-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The behavioural effects elicited by chemical constituents of Cannabis sativa, such as cannabidiol (CBD), on the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) are not well understood. There is evidence that VMH neurons play a relevant role in the modulation of unconditioned fear-related defensive behavioural reactions displayed by laboratory animals. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to explore the specific pattern of distribution of the CB1 receptors in the VMH and to investigate the role played by this cannabinoid receptor in the effect of CBD on the control of defensive behaviours and unconditioned fear-induced antinociception. METHODS A panic attack-like state was triggered in Wistar rats by intra-VMH microinjections of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). One of three different doses of CBD was microinjected into the VMH prior to local administration of NMDA. In addition, the most effective dose of CBD was used after pre-treatment with the CB1 receptor selective antagonist AM251, followed by NMDA microinjections in the VMH. RESULTS The morphological procedures demonstrated distribution of labelled CB1 receptors on neuronal perikarya situated in dorsomedial, central and ventrolateral divisions of the VMH. The neuropharmacological approaches showed that both panic attack-like behaviours and unconditioned fear-induced antinociception decreased after intra-hypothalamic microinjections of CBD at the highest dose (100 nmol). These effects, however, were blocked by the administration of the CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 (100 pmol) in the VMH. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that CBD causes panicolytic-like effects and reduces unconditioned fear-induced antinociception when administered in the VMH, and these effects are mediated by the CB1 receptor-endocannabinoid signalling mechanism in VMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmat Ullah Khan
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil.,Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, School of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Poonch Rawalakot, Hajira Road, Shamsabad, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, 12350, Pakistan.,Neurobiology of Emotions (NAP-USP-NuPNE) Research Centre, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz Luciano Falconi-Sobrinho
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil.,Neurobiology of Emotions (NAP-USP-NuPNE) Research Centre, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil.,Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Avenida do Café, 2450, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 4220-030, Brazil
| | - Tayllon Dos Anjos-Garcia
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil.,Neurobiology of Emotions (NAP-USP-NuPNE) Research Centre, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Dos Santos Sampaio
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre de Souza Crippa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioural Sciences, Division of Psychiatry, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Leda Menescal-de-Oliveira
- Neurobiology of Emotions (NAP-USP-NuPNE) Research Centre, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil.,Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Norberto Cysne Coimbra
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil. .,Neurobiology of Emotions (NAP-USP-NuPNE) Research Centre, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil. .,Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Avenida do Café, 2450, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 4220-030, Brazil.
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15
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Kobayashi M, Shimizu-Okabe C, Kim J, Kobayashi S, Matsushita M, Masuzaki H, Takayama C. Embryonic development of GABAergic terminals in the mouse hypothalamic nuclei involved in feeding behavior. Neurosci Res 2018; 134:39-48. [PMID: 29174921 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) plays important roles in energy balance and feeding behavior in the hypothalamus. To reveal the time course of GABAergic network formation, we examined the immunohistochemical localization of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), a GABAergic neuron marker, vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT), a marker of inhibitory terminals, and K+-Cl--cotransporter2 (KCC2), which shifts GABA action from excitation to inhibition, in the developing mouse hypothalamus. GABAergic terminals, seen as GAD- and VGAT-positive dots, increased in density during embryonic development. Moreover, the onset of KCC2 localization was almost concomitant with GABAergic terminal formation, and KCC2-positive profiles increased in density during development. This suggested that after the formation of GABAergic terminals, GABAergic action may change to inhibition in the hypothalamus. This maturation appears to proceed as follows: the lateral hypothalamus (LH) matures first, followed by the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) by the time of birth, while the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) and the arcuate nucleus (Arc) are not fully mature at the time of birth. Our findings suggest that GABAergic networks in the "feeding center" (LH) and the "exit" (PVN) may mature before birth, while those in the "satiety center" (VMH) and "higher control center" (Arc) may mature after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Uehara 207, Nishihara, Okinawa, 9030215, Japan
| | - Chigusa Shimizu-Okabe
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Uehara 207, Nishihara, Okinawa, 9030215, Japan
| | - Jeongtae Kim
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Uehara 207, Nishihara, Okinawa, 9030215, Japan
| | - Shiori Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Uehara 207, Nishihara, Okinawa, 9030215, Japan
| | - Masayuki Matsushita
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuzaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Chitoshi Takayama
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Uehara 207, Nishihara, Okinawa, 9030215, Japan.
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16
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Viskaitis P, Irvine EE, Smith MA, Choudhury AI, Alvarez-Curto E, Glegola JA, Hardy DG, Pedroni SMA, Paiva Pessoa MR, Fernando ABP, Katsouri L, Sardini A, Ungless MA, Milligan G, Withers DJ. Modulation of SF1 Neuron Activity Coordinately Regulates Both Feeding Behavior and Associated Emotional States. Cell Rep 2018; 21:3559-3572. [PMID: 29262334 PMCID: PMC5746599 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding requires the integration of homeostatic drives with emotional states relevant to food procurement in potentially hostile environments. The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) regulates feeding and anxiety, but how these are controlled in a concerted manner remains unclear. Using pharmacogenetic, optogenetic, and calcium imaging approaches with a battery of behavioral assays, we demonstrate that VMH steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) neurons constitute a nutritionally sensitive switch, modulating the competing motivations of feeding and avoidance of potentially dangerous environments. Acute alteration of SF1 neuronal activity alters food intake via changes in appetite and feeding-related behaviors, including locomotion, exploration, anxiety, and valence. In turn, intrinsic SF1 neuron activity is low during feeding and increases with both feeding termination and stress. Our findings identify SF1 neurons as a key part of the neurocircuitry that controls both feeding and related affective states, giving potential insights into the relationship between disordered eating and stress-associated psychological disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulius Viskaitis
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Elaine E Irvine
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mark A Smith
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Agharul I Choudhury
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Elisa Alvarez-Curto
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Justyna A Glegola
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Darran G Hardy
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Silvia M A Pedroni
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Maria R Paiva Pessoa
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Anushka B P Fernando
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Loukia Katsouri
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alessandro Sardini
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mark A Ungless
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Graeme Milligan
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Dominic J Withers
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
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17
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Schroeder M, Drori Y, Ben-Efraim YJ, Chen A. Hypothalamic miR-219 regulates individual metabolic differences in response to diet-induced weight cycling. Mol Metab 2018; 9:176-186. [PMID: 29398616 PMCID: PMC5870106 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of a low calorie diet is the most common approach to lose weight. While generally effective at first, it is frequently followed by a relapse where the pre-diet weight is regained, and often exceeded. This pattern of repeated weight loss/regain is referred to as weight cycling and the resulting metabolic response varies greatly between individuals. Objective We attempted to address the issue of individual differences in the response to weight cycling in male mice. Methods We first exposed adult wild type mice to repeated cycles of high/low fat food. Next, using a lentiviral approach, we knocked-down or over-expressed miR-219 in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) of an additional mouse cohort and performed a full metabolic assessment. Results Exposure of wild type males to weight cycling resulted in the division of the cohort into subsets of resistant versus metabolic-syndrome-prone (MS) animals, which differed in their metabolic profile and hypothalamic miR-219 levels. Lentiviral knock-down of miR-219 in the VMH led to exacerbation of metabolic syndrome. In contrast, over-expression of miR-219 resulted in moderation of the metabolic syndrome phenotype. Conclusions Our results suggest a role for miR-219 in the mediation of the metabolic phenotype resulting from repeated weight cycling. Repeated cycles of high fat diet induce different responses in adult males. Low miR-219 in ventromedial hypothalamus are linked to metabolic-syndrome proneness. Lentiviral knockdown of miR-219 induces metabolic-syndrome-prone phenotype. Lentiviral overexpression of miR-219 provides moderate protection from metabolic-syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Schroeder
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel; Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, 80804, Germany.
| | - Yonat Drori
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel; Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, 80804, Germany
| | - Yair J Ben-Efraim
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel; Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, 80804, Germany
| | - Alon Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel; Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, 80804, Germany.
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18
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Narita K, Murata T, Matsuoka S. The ventromedial hypothalamus oxytocin induces locomotor behavior regulated by estrogen. Physiol Behav 2016; 164:107-12. [PMID: 27237044 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that excitation of neurons in the rat ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) induced locomotor activity. An oxytocin receptor (Oxtr) exists in the VMH and plays a role in regulating sexual behavior. However, the role of Oxtr in the VMH in locomotor activity is not clear. In this study we examined the roles of oxytocin in the VMH in running behavior, and also investigated the involvement of estrogen in this behavioral change. Microinjection of oxytocin into the VMH induced a dose-dependent increase in the running behavior in male rats. The oxytocin-induced running activity was inhibited by simultaneous injection of Oxtr-antagonist, (d(CH2)5(1), Try(Me)(2), Orn(8))-oxytocin. Oxytocin injection also induced running behavior in ovariectomized (OVX) female rats. Pretreatment of the OVX rats with estrogen augmented the oxytocin-induced running activity twofold, and increased the Oxtr mRNA in the VMH threefold. During the estrus cycle locomotor activity spontaneously increased in the dark period of proestrus. The Oxtr mRNA was up-regulated in the proestrus afternoon. Blockade of oxytocin neurotransmission by its antagonist before the onset of the dark period of proestrus decreased the following nocturnal locomotor activity. These findings demonstrate that Oxtr in the VMH is involved in the induction of running behavior and that estrogen facilitates this effect by means of Oxtr up-regulation, suggesting the involvement of oxytocin in the locomotor activity of proestrus female rats.
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19
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Jones SL, Farisello L, Mayer-Heft N, Pfaus JG. Repeated administration of estradiol promotes mechanisms of sexual excitation and inhibition: Glutamate signaling in the ventromedial hypothalamus attenuates excitation. Behav Brain Res 2015; 291:118-129. [PMID: 26008158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Repeated administration of 10 μg of estradiol benzoate (EB) every 4 days to the ovariectomized (OVX) rat induces a behavioral sensitization of sexual behaviors. Repeated copulation or the receipt of vaginocervical stimulation (VCS) attenuates the sensitization of appetitive sexual behaviors, suggesting that VCS acts in opposition to the mechanisms that induce the sensitization. It is known that VCS accelerates the onset of estrous termination (characterized by a decrease in appetitive sexual behaviors, and an increase in defensive behaviors prior to the decline in lordosis), and glutamate transmission in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), particularly via AMPA receptor signaling, is an important regulator of this effect. Thus, the current studies examined whether mechanisms of estrous termination are involved in the attenuated sensitization to EB that occurs with repeated copulation. In the first study, OVX rats received infusions of AMPA to the VMH on tests 2-4, and sexual behavior was measured on tests 1 and 5. Appetitive sexual behaviors were lower in females that received AMPA infusions in place of copulation compared to saline, suggesting that AMPA receptor activation by VCS may be playing a role in the attenuation of sensitization. In the second study, females that were not given the opportunity to copulate on tests 2-4 fell out of behavioral estrus faster than those that did, suggesting that both excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms of sexual behavior become sensitized with repeated administration of EB. Together these findings extend our hypothesis that repeated episodes of heat sensitize the activation of sexual behaviors to increase the probability of eventual fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherri Lee Jones
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - Lucia Farisello
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Nathaniel Mayer-Heft
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - James G Pfaus
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
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20
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Veening JG, de Jong TR, Waldinger MD, Korte SM, Olivier B. The role of oxytocin in male and female reproductive behavior. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 753:209-28. [PMID: 25088178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) is a nonapeptide with an impressive variety of physiological functions. Among them, the 'prosocial' effects have been discussed in several recent reviews, but the direct effects on male and female sexual behavior did receive much less attention so far. As our contribution to honor the lifelong interest of Berend Olivier in the control mechanisms of sexual behavior, we decided to explore the role of OT in the present review. In the successive sections, some physiological mechanisms and the 'pair-bonding' effects of OT will be discussed, followed by sections about desire, female appetitive and copulatory behavior, including lordosis and orgasm. At the male side, the effects on erection and ejaculation are reviewed, followed by a section about 'premature ejaculation' and a possible role of OT in its treatment. In addition to OT, serotonin receives some attention as one of the main mechanisms controlling the effects of OT. In the succeeding sections, the importance of OT for 'the fruits of labor' is discussed, as it plays an important role in both maternal and paternal behavior. Finally, we pay attention to an intriguing brain area, the ventrolateral part of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMHvl), apparently functioning in both sexual and aggressive behavior, which are at first view completely opposite behavioral systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Veening
- Department of Psychopharmacology, Division of Pharmacology, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - T R de Jong
- Department of Behavioral and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - M D Waldinger
- Department of Psychopharmacology, Division of Pharmacology, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S M Korte
- Department of Psychopharmacology, Division of Pharmacology, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B Olivier
- Department of Psychopharmacology, Division of Pharmacology, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Flaisher-Grinberg S, Tsai HC, Feng X, Wei LN. Emotional regulatory function of receptor interacting protein 140 revealed in the ventromedial hypothalamus. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 40:226-34. [PMID: 24726835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein (RIP140) is a transcription co-regulator highly expressed in macrophages to regulate inflammatory and metabolic processes. However, its implication in neurological, cognitive and emotional conditions, and the cellular systems relevant to its biological activity within the central nervous system are currently less clear. A transgenic mouse line with macrophage-specific knockdown of RIP140 was generated (MΦRIPKD mice) and brain-region specific RIP140 knockdown efficiency evaluated. Mice were subjected to a battery of tests, designed to evaluate multiple behavioral domains at naïve or following site-specific RIP140 re-expression. Gene expression analysis assessed TNF-α, IL-1β, TGF-1β, IL1-RA and neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression, and in vitro studies examined the effects of macrophage's RIP140 on astrocytes' NPY production. We found that RIP140 expression was dramatically reduced in macrophages within the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) and the cingulate cortex of MΦRIPKD mice. These animals exhibited increased anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors. VMH-targeted RIP140 re-expression in MΦRIPKD mice reversed its depressive- but not its anxiety-like phenotype. Analysis of specific neurochemical changes revealed reduced astrocytic-NPY expression within the hypothalamus of MΦRIPKD mice, and in vitro analysis confirmed that conditioned medium of RIP140-silnenced macrophage culture could no longer stimulate NPY production from astrocytes. The current study revealed an emotional regulatory function of macrophage-derived RIP140 in the VMH, and secondary dysregulation of NPY within hypothalamic astrocyte population, which might be associated with the observed behavioral phenotype of MΦRIPKD mice. This study highlights RIP140 as a novel target for the development of potential therapeutic and intervention strategies for emotional regulation disorders.
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Bali A, Jaggi AS. Multifunctional aspects of allopregnanolone in stress and related disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 48:64-78. [PMID: 24044974 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Allopregnanolone (3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one) is a major cholesterol-derived neurosteroid in the central nervous system and is synthesized from progesterone by steroidogenic enzymes, 5α-reductase (the rate-limiting enzyme) and 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. The pathophysiological role of allopregnanolone in neuropsychiatric disorders has been highlighted in several investigations. The changes in neuroactive steroid levels are detected in stress and stress-related disorders including anxiety, panic and depression. The changes in allopregnanolone in response to acute stressor tend to restore the homeostasis by dampening the hyper-activated HPA axis. However, long standing stressors leading to development of neuropsychiatric disorders including depression and anxiety are associated with decrease in the allopregnanolone levels. GABAA receptor complex has been considered as the primary target of allopregnanolone and majority of its inhibitory actions are mediated through GABA potentiation or direct activation of GABA currents. The role of progesterone receptors in producing the late actions of allopregnanolone particularly in lordosis facilitation has also been described. Moreover, recent studies have also described the involvement of other multiple targets including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glutamate, dopamine, opioids, oxytocin, and calcium channels. The present review discusses the various aspects of allopregnanolone in stress and stress-related disorders including anxiety, depression and panic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Bali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, 147002, India
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Frye CA, Walf AA, Kohtz AS, Zhu Y. Membrane progestin receptors in the midbrain ventral tegmental area are required for progesterone-facilitated lordosis of rats. Horm Behav 2013; 64:539-45. [PMID: 23770270 PMCID: PMC4541797 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone (P₄) and its metabolites, rapidly facilitate lordosis of rats partly through actions in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). The study of membrane progestin receptors (mPRs), of the Progestin and AdipoQ Receptor (PAQR) superfamily, has been limited to expression and regulation, instead of function. We hypothesized that if mPRs are required for progestin-facilitated lordosis in the VTA, then mPRs will be expressed in this region and knockdown will attenuate lordosis. First, expression of mPR was examined by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in brain and peripheral tissues of proestrous Long-Evans rats. Expression of mPRα (paqr7) was observed in peripheral tissues and brain areas, including hypothalamus and midbrain. Expression of mPRβ (paqr8) was observed in brain tissues and was abundant in the midbrain and hypothalamus. Second, ovariectomized rats were estrogen (E₂; 0.09 mg/kg, SC), and P₄ (4 mg/kg, SC) or vehicle-primed, and infused with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS-ODNs) targeted against mPRα and/or mPRβ intracerebroventricularly or to the VTA. Rats were assessed for motor (open field), anxiety (elevated plus maze), social (social interaction), and sexual (lordosis) behavior. P₄-facilitated lordosis was significantly reduced with administration of AS-ODNs for mPRα, mPRβ, or co-administration of mPRα and mPRβ to the lateral ventricle, compared to vehicle. P₄-facilitated lordosis was reduced, compared to vehicle, by administration of mPRβ AS-ODNs, or co-administration of mPRα and mPRβ AS-ODNs, but not mPRα AS-ODNs alone, to the VTA. No differences were observed for motor, anxiety, or social behaviors. Thus, mPRs in the VTA are targets of progestin-facilitated lordosis of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A Frye
- Dept. of Psychology, The University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA; Dept. of Biological Sciences, The University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA; The Centers for Neuroscience, The University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA; Life Science Research, The University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA; Department of Chemistry, The University of Alaska-Fairbanks, IDeA Network of Biomedical Excellence (INBRE), 202 West Ridge Research Bldg., Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA.
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Abstract
Rats were provided both with brain cannulas, to permit infusion of fluids in the ventromedial and lateral hypothalamic areas (resp. VMH and LH), and with two heart catheters. In this way infusions of fluids and withdrawal of blood could be done in unanesthetized free moving animals. Infusion of norepinephrine (NE) in the VMH elicited glucagon release during the whole period of NE infusion whereas insulin levels did not change. This glucagon release could not be suppressed by α- and β-receptor blockade but it was suppressed by hexamethonium, a blocking agent of signal transmission in peripheral ganglia of the autonomic nervous system. On the other hand, infusion of NE in the LH elicited insulin release during the whole period of NE infusion whereas glucagon levels remained unchanged. It is argued that [1] the sympathetic nervous system is involved in glucagon release, [2] no α- and β-receptor mechanisms are involved during this glucagon release, [3] the parasympathetic nervous system is involved in insulin release during noradrenergic LH stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Steffens
- Department of Zoology, State University of Groningen, Haren (Gr.), The Netherlands
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