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Best LM, Wardell JD, Tyndale RF, McPhee MD, Le Foll B, Kish SJ, Boileau I, Hendershot CS. Association of the Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase C385A Polymorphism With Alcohol Use Severity and Coping Motives in Heavy‐Drinking Youth. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:507-517. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.14552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Best
- Brain Health Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto ON Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Jeffrey D. Wardell
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Psychology York University Toronto ON Canada
| | - Rachel F. Tyndale
- Brain Health Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto ON Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | | | - Bernard Le Foll
- Brain Health Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto ON Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Stephen J. Kish
- Brain Health Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto ON Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Brain Health Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto ON Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Christian S. Hendershot
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Psychology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
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Fazekas CL, Sipos E, Klaric T, Török B, Bellardie M, Erjave GN, Perkovic MN, Lauc G, Pivac N, Zelena D. Searching for glycomic biomarkers for predicting resilience and vulnerability in a rat model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Stress 2020; 23:715-731. [PMID: 32666865 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2020.1795121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is triggered by traumatic events in 10-20% of exposed subjects. N-linked glycosylation, by modifying protein functions, may provide an important environmental link predicting vulnerability. Our goals were (1) to find alterations in plasma N-glycome predicting stress-vulnerability; (2) to investigate how trauma affects N-glycome in the plasma (PGP) and in three PTSD-related brain regions (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala; BGP), hence, uncover specific targets for PTSD treatment. We examined male (1) controls, (2) traumatized vulnerable and (3) traumatized resilient rats both before and several weeks after electric footshock. Vulnerable and resilient groups were separated by z-score analysis of behavior. Higher freezing behavior and decreased social interest were detected in vulnerable groups compared to control and resilient rats. Innate anxiety did not predict vulnerability, but pretrauma levels of PGP10(FA1G1Ga1), PGP11(FA2G2), and PGP15(FA3G2) correlated positively with it, the last one being the most sensitive. Traumatic stress induced a shift from large, elaborate N-glycans toward simpler neutral structures in the plasma of all traumatized animals and specifically in the prefrontal cortex of vulnerable rats. In plasma trauma increased PGP17(A2G2S) level in vulnerable animals. In all three brain regions, BGP11(F(6)A2B) was more abundant in vulnerable rats, while most behavioral correlations occurred in the prefrontal cortex. In conclusion, we found N-glycans (especially PGP15(FA3G2)) in plasma as possible biomarkers of vulnerability to trauma that warrants further investigation. Posttrauma PGP17(A2G2S1) increase showed overlap with human results highlighting the utility and relevance of this animal model. Prefrontal cortex is a key site of trauma-induced glycosylation changes that could modulate the behavioral outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Lea Fazekas
- Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Janos Szentagothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Sipos
- Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Thomas Klaric
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Glycobiology Laboratory, Genos Ltd, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bibiána Török
- Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Janos Szentagothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Manon Bellardie
- Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gordana Nedic Erjave
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Gordan Lauc
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Glycobiology Laboratory, Genos Ltd, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nela Pivac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dóra Zelena
- Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Hemisphere-dependent endocannabinoid system activity in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of the Flinders Sensitive Line rodent model of depression. Neurochem Int 2019; 125:7-15. [PMID: 30716357 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Altered endocannabinoid (eCB) signalling is suggested as an important contributor to the pathophysiology of depression. To further elucidate this, we conducted a study using a genetic rat model of depression, the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL), and their controls, the Flinders Resistant Line (FRL) rats. Plasma, right and left prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus were isolated from FSL and FRL rats. We analyzed each region for the eCB anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) levels by liquid chromatography/multiple reaction monitoring (LC/MRM), mRNA and protein levels of the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R), fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacyl glycerol lipase (MAGL) by real time qPCR and Western blotting. Content of 2-AG was lower in the left side of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in FSL rats compared to FRL rats. Inversely, levels of AEA were higher in right hippocampus than in left hippocampus. In plasma, AEA levels were increased and 2-AG decreased. Cannabinoid receptor 1 (Cnr1), Faah and Magl mRNA levels were prominently decreased in right prefrontal cortex of FSL rats as compared to FRL rats. Protein expression of CB1R and FAAH were decreased in left hippocampus. In summary, our data suggest a decreased eCB signalling in the FSL rats, which could contribute to the depressive-like behaviour. Interestingly, the altered eCB system activity appear to be hemisphere-specific in the limbic regions. Our study support the existing literature and showed altered eCB system activity in this particular animal model of depression.
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Chung G, Kim SJ, Kim SK. Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex as a Molecular Determinant of Pain and Ensuing Depression. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:376. [PMID: 30349459 PMCID: PMC6186831 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain and depression affect one another, and this bidirectional interaction implies the existence of common or interacting neural pathways. Among the neural circuits relevant to negative affection, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is known to be involved in both pain and depression. Persistent stress from physical pain and mental distress can evoke maladaptive changes in mPFC circuits to induce depression. Conversely, the unpleasant mood condition alters mPFC circuits to distort the appraisal of aversion and make individuals vulnerable to pain. In this article, recent findings regarding mPFC in chronic pain and/or depression are reviewed, with particular focus on the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5). Although the involvement of mGluR5 within the mPFC in both pain and depressive disorders has been extensively studied, there are controversies regarding changes in the activity of the mPFC during chronic pain and depression, and the functional roles of mGluR5 on altered mPFC activity. We discuss alterations in the availability of mGluR5 in the mPFC in these disorders, its role in behavioral manifestations, and its possible influence on cellular subpopulations that mediate dysfunction in the mPFC. We also propose molecular mechanisms that may cause expressional changes in mGluR5 within the mPFC circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geehoon Chung
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Jeong Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Kwang Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Role of endocannabinoids in the hippocampus and amygdala in emotional memory and plasticity. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:2017-2027. [PMID: 29977073 PMCID: PMC6098035 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by the reexperiencing of a traumatic event and is associated with slower extinction of fear responses. Impaired extinction of fearful associations to trauma-related cues may interfere with treatment response, and extinction deficits may be premorbid risk factors for the development of PTSD. We examined the effects of exposure to a severe footshock followed by situational reminders (SRs) on extinction, plasticity, and endocannabinoid (eCB) content and activity in the hippocampal CA1 area and basolateral amygdala (BLA). We also examined whether enhancing eCB signaling before extinction, using the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597, could prevent the shock/SRs-induced effects on fear response and plasticity. URB597 administered systemically (0.3 mg/kg) or locally into the CA1 or BLA (0.1 µg/side) prior to extinction decreased fear retrieval and this effect persisted throughout extinction training and did not recuperate during spontaneous recovery. A low dose of the CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 (0.3 mg/kg i.p. or 0.01 µg/0.5 µl intra-CA1 or intra-BLA) blocked these effects suggesting that the effects of URB597 were CB1 receptor-dependent. Exposure to shock and reminders induced behavioral metaplasticity with opposite effects on long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus (impairment) and the BLA (enhancement). URB597 was found to prevent the opposite shock/SR-induced metaplasticity in hippocampal and BLA-LTP. Exposure to shock and reminders might cause variation in endogenous cannabinoid levels that could affect fear-circuit function. Indeed, exposure to shock and SRs affected eCB content: increased 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG) and N-arachidonylethanolamine (AEA) levels in the CA1, decreased serum and BLA AEA levels while shock exposure increased FAAH activity in the CA1 and BLA. FAAH inhibition before extinction abolished fear and modulated LTP in the hippocampus and amygdala, brain regions pertinent to emotional memory. The findings suggest that targeting the eCB system before extinction may be beneficial in fear memory attenuation and these effects may involve metaplasticity in the CA1 and BLA.
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Worley NB, Hill MN, Christianson JP. Prefrontal endocannabinoids, stress controllability and resilience: A hypothesis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 85:180-188. [PMID: 28392485 PMCID: PMC6746235 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Stressor exposure is a predisposing risk factor for many psychiatric conditions such as PTSD and depression. However, stressors do not influence all individuals equally and in response to an identical stressor some individuals may be vulnerable while others are resilient. While various biological and behavioral factors contribute to vulnerability versus resilience, an individual's degree of control over the stressor is among the most potent. Even with only one experience with control over stress, behavioral control has been shown to have acute and long-lasting stress-mitigating effects. This suggests that control both blunts the response to acute stress and prepares the subject to be resilient to future stressors. In this review, we first summarize the evidence which suggests the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is a critical component of stressor controllability circuits and a locus of neuroplasticity supporting the acute and long-lasting consequences of control. We next review the central endocannabinoid (eCB) system as a possible mediator of short and long-term synaptic transmission in the vmPFC, and offer a hypothesis whereby eCBs regulate vmPFC circuits engaged when a subject has control over stress and may contribute to the encoding of acute stress coping into long lasting stressor resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B. Worley
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA USA,Corresponding Author: Nicholas Worley, Boston College, Department of Psychology, McGuinn Hall Rm. 300, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA,
| | - Matthew N. Hill
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CAN
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Heinz DE, Genewsky A, Wotjak CT. Enhanced anandamide signaling reduces flight behavior elicited by an approaching robo-beetle. Neuropharmacology 2017; 126:233-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Morena M, Leitl KD, Vecchiarelli HA, Gray JM, Campolongo P, Hill MN. Emotional arousal state influences the ability of amygdalar endocannabinoid signaling to modulate anxiety. Neuropharmacology 2016; 111:59-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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