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Xie W, Chen J, Cao X, Zhang J, Luo J, Wang Y. Roxithromycin exposure induces motoneuron malformation and behavioral deficits of zebrafish by interfering with the differentiation of motor neuron progenitor cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 276:116327. [PMID: 38626605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Roxithromycin (ROX), a commonly used macrolide antibiotic, is extensively employed in human medicine and livestock industries. Due to its structural stability and resistance to biological degradation, ROX persists as a resilient environmental contaminant, detectable in aquatic ecosystems and food products. However, our understanding of the potential health risks to humans from continuous ROX exposure remains limited. In this study, we used the zebrafish as a vertebrate model to explore the potential developmental toxicity of early ROX exposure, particularly focusing on its effects on locomotor functionality and CaP motoneuron development. Early exposure to ROX induces marked developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos, significantly reducing hatching rates (n=100), body lengths (n=100), and increased malformation rates (n=100). The zebrafish embryos treated with a corresponding volume of DMSO (0.1%, v/v) served as vehicle controls (veh). Moreover, ROX exposure adversely affected the locomotive capacity of zebrafish embryos, and observations in transgenic zebrafish Tg(hb9:eGFP) revealed axonal loss in motor neurons, evident through reduced or irregular axonal lengths (n=80). Concurrently, abnormal apoptosis in ROX-exposed zebrafish embryos intensified alongside the upregulation of apoptosis-related genes (bax, bcl2, caspase-3a). Single-cell sequencing further disclosed substantial effects of ROX on genes involved in the differentiation of motor neuron progenitor cells (ngn1, olig2), axon development (cd82a, mbpa, plp1b, sema5a), and neuroimmunity (aplnrb, aplnra) in zebrafish larvae (n=30). Furthermore, the CaP motor neuron defects and behavioral deficits induced by ROX can be rescued by administering ngn1 agonist (n=80). In summary, ROX exposure leads to early-life abnormalities in zebrafish motor neurons and locomotor behavior by hindering the differentiation of motor neuron progenitor cells and inducing abnormal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Xie
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Engineering Research Center of Key Technique for Biotherapy of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Juntao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Engineering Research Center of Key Technique for Biotherapy of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Cao
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiannan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juanjuan Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technique for Biotherapy of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
| | - Yajun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Duff AF, Jurcisek JA, Kurbatfinski N, Chiang T, Goodman SD, Bakaletz LO, Bailey MT. Oral and middle ear delivery of otitis media standard of care antibiotics, but not biofilm-targeted antibodies, alter chinchilla nasopharyngeal and fecal microbiomes. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:10. [PMID: 38310144 PMCID: PMC10838340 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00481-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Otitis media (OM) is one of the most globally pervasive pediatric conditions. Translocation of nasopharynx-resident opportunistic pathogens like nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) assimilates into polymicrobial middle ear biofilms, which promote OM pathogenesis and substantially diminish antibiotic efficacy. Oral or tympanostomy tube (TT)-delivered antibiotics remain the standard of care (SOC) despite consequences including secondary infection, dysbiosis, and antimicrobial resistance. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against two biofilm-associated structural proteins, NTHi-specific type IV pilus PilA (anti-rsPilA) and protective tip-region epitopes of NTHi integration host factor (anti-tip-chimer), were previously shown to disrupt biofilms and restore antibiotic sensitivity in vitro. However, the additional criterion for clinical relevance includes the absence of consequential microbiome alterations. Here, nine chinchilla cohorts (n = 3/cohort) without disease were established to evaluate whether TT delivery of mAbs disrupted nasopharyngeal or fecal microbiomes relative to SOC-OM antibiotics. Cohort treatments included a 7d regimen of oral amoxicillin-clavulanate (AC) or 2d regimen of TT-delivered mAb, AC, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TS), ofloxacin, or saline. Fecal and nasopharyngeal lavage (NPL) samples were collected before and several days post treatment (DPT) for 16S sequencing. While antibiotic-treated cohorts displayed beta-diversity shifts (PERMANOVA, P < 0.05) and reductions in alpha diversity (q < 0.20) relative to baseline, mAb antibodies failed to affect diversity, indicating maintenance of a eubiotic state. Taxonomic and longitudinal analyses showed blooms in opportunistic pathogens (ANCOM) and greater magnitudes of compositional change (P < 0.05) following broad-spectrum antibiotic but not mAb treatments. Collectively, results showed broad-spectrum antibiotics induced significant fecal and nasopharyngeal microbiome disruption regardless of delivery route. Excitingly, biofilm-targeting antibodies had little effect on fecal and nasopharyngeal microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey F Duff
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joseph A Jurcisek
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nikola Kurbatfinski
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tendy Chiang
- Department of Otolaryngology at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Steven D Goodman
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Oral and Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Affinity Group, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lauren O Bakaletz
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael T Bailey
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Oral and Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Affinity Group, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
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