1
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Lu SJ, Gao ZO. Structural evolution and bonding properties of Nb1-2Gen-/0 (n = 3-7) clusters: Anion photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:164306. [PMID: 38647305 DOI: 10.1063/5.0204633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study presents a collaborative experimental and theoretical investigation into the structures and electronic properties of niobium-doped germanium clusters. Anion photoelectron spectra for Nb1-2Gen- (n = 3-7) clusters were acquired using 266 nm photon energies, enabling the determination of adiabatic detachment energies and vertical detachment energies. In conjunction with these experimental measurements, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were conducted to validate the experimentally obtained electron detachment energies and elucidate the geometric and electronic structures of each anionic cluster. The agreement between DFT calculations and experimental data establishes a solid foundation for assessing the structural evolution and electronic properties of niobium-doped germanium clusters. It is noted that both neutral and anionic clusters exhibit predominantly similar overall structural characteristics, with the exception of Nb2Ge6- and Nb2Ge6. Furthermore, this investigation emphasizes the exceptional chemical stability of the D3d symmetric chair-shaped structure in Nb2Ge6-, providing insights into its bonding characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jie Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze, Shandong Province 274015, China
| | - Zhao-Ou Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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2
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Endohedral group-14 clusters Au@X12 (X = Ge, Sn, Pb) and their anions: a first-principles study. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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3
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Zhang Y, Zhao W, Lu J, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Li X. First-Principles Studies of the Caged Germanium Clusters with Gold Doping and Their Adsorption on Graphdiyne Nanosheets. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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4
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Nguyen HT, Cuong NT, Lan NT, Tung NT, Nguyen MT, Tam NM. First-row transition metal doped germanium clusters Ge 16M: some remarkable superhalogens. RSC Adv 2022; 12:13487-13499. [PMID: 35527729 PMCID: PMC9068264 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08527a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A theoretical study of geometric and electronic structures, stability and magnetic properties of both neutral and anionic Ge16M0/− clusters with M being a first-row 3d transition metal atom, is performed using quantum chemical approaches. Both the isoelectronic Ge16Sc− anion and neutral Ge16Ti that have a perfect Frank–Kasper tetrahedral Td shape and an electron shell filled with 68 valence electrons, emerge as magic clusters with an enhanced thermodynamic stability. The latter can be rationalized by the simple Jellium model. Geometric distortions from the Frank–Kasper tetrahedron of Ge16M having more or less than 68 valence electrons can be understood by a Jahn–Teller effect. Remarkably, DFT calculations reveal that both neutral Ge16Sc and Ge16Cu can be considered as superhalogens as their electron affinities (≥3.6 eV) exceed the value of the halogen atoms and even that of icosahedral Al13. A detailed view of the magnetic behavior of Ge16M0/− clusters shows that the magnetic moments of the atomic metals remain large even when they are quenched upon doping. When M goes from Sc to Zn, the total spin magnetic moment of Ge16M0/− increases steadily and reaches the maximum value of 3 μB with M = Mn before decreasing towards the end of the first-row 3d block metals. Furthermore, the IR spectra of some tetrahedral Ge16M are also predicted. A theoretical study of geometric and electronic structures, stability and magnetic properties of both neutral and anionic Ge16M0/− clusters with M being a first-row 3d transition metal atom, is performed using quantum chemical approaches.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Huu Tho Nguyen
- Faculty of Natural Sciences Education, Sai Gon University 273 An Duong Vuong Street Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Ngo Tuan Cuong
- Center for Computational Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi National University of Education Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Ngo Thi Lan
- Institute of Materials Science and Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Hanoi Vietnam.,Institute of Science and Technology, TNU-University of Sciences Tan Thinh Ward Thai Nguyen City Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thanh Tung
- Institute of Materials Science and Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Minh Tho Nguyen
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology (ICST) Quang Trung Software City Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Minh Tam
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam .,Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
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5
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Systematic investigation of structure and optoelectronic properties of Ge (n = 3–20), MGe9 (M = Ga, Si, Sn, As) and GaxGe(10−x) (x = 1–10) Clusters: Computational approach. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qiuying Du
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Si Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Center for Informatics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201314, U. P., India
- Dr. Vijay Kumar Foundation, 1969 Sector 4, Gurgaon 122001, Haryana, India
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7
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Boudjahem AG, Boulbazine M, Derdare M. A theoretical study of the stability and electronic properties of GenRu (n = 2–10) clusters and their sensitivity toward SO2 adsorption. Struct Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-020-01592-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Son TT, Tu VN, Thanh VTT, Ngan VT. Chemical bonding in trimers of Ge 2
with monovalent metals. VIETNAM JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/vjch.201900099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tran Tuong Son
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Modelling (LCCM), Department of Chemistry, Quy Nhon University; 170 An Duong Vuong Street, Quy Nhon City, Binh Dinh 55000 Viet Nam
| | - Vo Ngoc Tu
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Modelling (LCCM), Department of Chemistry, Quy Nhon University; 170 An Duong Vuong Street, Quy Nhon City, Binh Dinh 55000 Viet Nam
| | - Vo Thi Thu Thanh
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Modelling (LCCM), Department of Chemistry, Quy Nhon University; 170 An Duong Vuong Street, Quy Nhon City, Binh Dinh 55000 Viet Nam
| | - Vu Thi Ngan
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Modelling (LCCM), Department of Chemistry, Quy Nhon University; 170 An Duong Vuong Street, Quy Nhon City, Binh Dinh 55000 Viet Nam
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9
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Wang L, Zhang L, Jiang Y, Li P, Li J, Li X. Theoretical investigation of selected hydrogenated germanium clusters (Ge5Hn, n = 0–12) from density functional theory calculations. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1657193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liuchang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengna Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangtao Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Lu SJ, Farooq U, Xu HG, Xu XL, Zheng WJ. Structural evolution and electronic properties of Au 2Ge n−/0 ( n=1−8) clusters: Anion photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp1902036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jie Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze 274015, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Umar Farooq
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad-Campus, Pakistan
| | - Hong-Guang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xi-Ling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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11
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Structure and bonding in endohedral transition metal clusters. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Insight into chemical bonding of the transition metal-doped cluster Ge2M (M = Sc–Zn) series using NBO and NRT theory. Theor Chem Acc 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-018-2326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Deng XJ, Kong XY, Liang X, Yang B, Xu HG, Xu XL, Feng G, Zheng WJ. Structural and magnetic properties of FeGe n-/0 (n = 3-12) clusters: Mass-selected anion photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. J Chem Phys 2018; 147:234310. [PMID: 29272919 DOI: 10.1063/1.5000886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of FeGen-/0 (n = 3-12) clusters were investigated by using anion photoelectron spectroscopy in combination with density functional theory calculations. For both anionic and neutral FeGen (n = 3-12) clusters with n ≤ 7, the dominant structures are exohedral. The FeGe8-/0 clusters have half-encapsulated boat-shaped structures, and the opening of the boat-shaped structure is gradually covered by the additional Ge atoms to form Gen cage from n = 9 to 11. The structures of FeGe10-/0 can be viewed as two Ge atoms symmetrically capping the opening of the boat-shaped structure of FeGe8, and those of FeGe12-/0 are distorted hexagonal prisms with the Fe atom at the center. Natural population analysis shows that there is an electron transfer from the Ge atoms to the Fe atom at n = 8-12. The total magnetic moment of FeGen-/0 and local magnetic moment of the Fe atom have not been quenched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jiao Deng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Kong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion, and Electron Beams, Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hong-Guang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xi-Ling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Gang Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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14
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Tran QT, Lu SJ, Zhao LJ, Xu XL, Xu HG, Tran VT, Li J, Zheng WJ. Spin–Orbit Splittings and Low-Lying Electronic States of AuSi and AuGe: Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy and ab Initio Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:3374-3382. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quoc Tri Tran
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Division, Dong Thap University, 783-Pham Huu Lau, Cao Lanh City, Ward 6, Dong Thap, Vietnam
| | - Sheng-Jie Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xi-Ling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong-Guang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Van Tan Tran
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Division, Dong Thap University, 783-Pham Huu Lau, Cao Lanh City, Ward 6, Dong Thap, Vietnam
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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15
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Mahtout S, Siouani C, Rabilloud F. Growth Behavior and Electronic Structure of Noble Metal-Doped Germanium Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:662-677. [PMID: 29257877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b09887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Structures, energetics, and electronic properties of noble metal-doped germanium (MGen with M = Cu, Ag, Au; n = 1-19) clusters are systematically investigated by using the density functional theory (DFT) approach. The endohedral structures in which the metal atom is encapsulated inside of a germanium cage appear at n = 10 when the dopant is Cu and n = 12 for M = Ag and Au. While Cu doping enhances the stability of the corresponding germanium frame, the binding energies of AgGen and AuGen are always lower than those of pure germanium clusters. Our results highlight the great stability of the CuGe10 cluster in a D4d structure and, to a lesser extent, that of AgGe15 and AuGe15, which exhibits a hollow cage-like geometry. The sphere-type geometries obtained for n = 10-15 present a peculiar electronic structure in which the valence electrons of the noble metal and Ge atoms are delocalized and exhibit a shell structure associated with the quasi-spherical geometry. It is found that the coinage metal is able to give both s- and d-type electrons to be reorganized together with the valence electrons of Ge atoms through a pooling of electrons. The cluster size dependence of the stability, the frontier orbital energy gap, the vertical ionization potentials, and electron affinities are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiane Mahtout
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Faculté des Sciences Exactes, Université de Bejaia , 06000 Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Chaouki Siouani
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Faculté des Sciences Exactes, Université de Bejaia , 06000 Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Franck Rabilloud
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière , F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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16
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Li X, Li S, Ren H, Yang J, Tang Y. Effect of Alkali Metal Atoms Doping on Structural and Nonlinear Optical Properties of the Gold-Germanium Bimetallic Clusters. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7070184. [PMID: 28714906 PMCID: PMC5535250 DOI: 10.3390/nano7070184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new series of alkali-based complexes, AM@GenAu (AM = Li, Na, and K), have been theoretically designed and investigated by means of the density functional theory calculations. The geometric structures and electronic properties of the species are systematically analyzed. The adsorption of alkali metals maintains the structural framework of the gold-germanium bimetallic clusters, and the alkali metals prefer energetically to be attached on clusters’ surfaces or edges. The high chemical stability of Li@Ge12Au is revealed by the spherical aromaticity, the hybridization between the Ge atoms and Au-4d states, and delocalized multi-center bonds, as well as large binding energies. The static first hyperpolarizability (βtot) is related to the cluster size and geometric structure, and the AM@GenAu (AM = Na and K) clusters exhibit the much larger βtot values up to 13050 a.u., which are considerable to establish their strong nonlinear optical (NLO) behaviors. We hope that this study will promote further application of alkali metals-adsorbed germanium-based semiconductor materials, serving for the design of remarkable and tunable NLO materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Li
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China.
| | - Shuna Li
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China.
| | - Hongjiang Ren
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China.
| | - Juxiang Yang
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China.
| | - Yongqiang Tang
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China.
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17
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Li X, Han Q, Yang X, Song R, Song L. Modification of alkali metals on silicon-based nanoclusters: An enhanced nonlinear optical response. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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18
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Li X, Yan Z, Li S. The nature of structure and bonding between transition metal and mixed Si-Ge tetramers: A 20-electron superatom system. J Comput Chem 2016; 37:2316-23. [PMID: 27452479 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel superatom species with 20-electron system, Six Gey M(+) (x + y = 4; M = Nb, Ta), was properly proposed. The trigonal bipyramid structures for the studied systems were identified as the putative global minimum by means of the density functional theory calculations. The high chemical stability can be explained by the strong p-d hybridization between transition metal and mixed Si-Ge tetramers, and closed-shell valence electron configuration [1S(2) 1P(6) 2S(2) 1D(10) ]. Meanwhile, the chemical bondings between metal atom and the tetramers can be recognized by three localized two-center two-electron (2c-2e) and delocalized 3c-2e σ-bonds. For all the doped structures studied here, it was found that the π- and σ-electrons satisfy the 2(N + 1)(2) counting rule, and thus these clusters possess spherically double (π and σ) aromaticity, which is also confirmed by the negative nucleus-independent chemical shifts values. Consequently, all the calculated results provide a further understanding for structural stabilities and electronic properties of transition metal-doped semiconductor clusters. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Li
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710065, China
| | - Zhijun Yan
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710065, China
| | - Shuna Li
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710065, China
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19
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Lu SJ, Hu LR, Xu XL, Xu HG, Chen H, Zheng WJ. Transition from exohedral to endohedral structures of AuGen− (n = 2–12) clusters: photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:20321-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00373g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AuGe12− has an Ih symmetric endohedral icosahedral structure. It also shows 3D aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jie Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Lian-Rui Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
| | - Xi-Ling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Hong-Guang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Hui Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
| | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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20
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Goicoechea JM, McGrady JE. On the structural landscape in endohedral silicon and germanium clusters, M@Si12 and M@Ge12. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:6755-66. [PMID: 25636138 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03573a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Amongst the endohedral clusters of the tetrel elements, M@En, the 12-vertex species are unique in that three completely different geometries, the icosahedron (Ih, [Ni@Pb12](2-)), the hexagonal prism (HP, Cr@Si12) and the bicapped pentagonal prism (BPP, [Ru@Ge12](3-)) have been identified in stable molecules. We explore here the origins of this structural diversity by comparing stability patterns across isovalent and isoelectronic series, M@Si12, M@Ge12 and [M@Ge12](3-). The BPP structure dominates the structural landscape for high valence electron counts (57-60) while the HP has a rather narrower window of stability around the 54-56 count. Moreover the preference for an HP structure is unique to silicon: in no case is a rigorously D6h-symmetric structure the global minimum for M@Ge12. Distortions from the high-symmetry limits, where present, can be traced to degeneracies or near-degeneracies in the frontier orbital domains. In all cases the structure adopted is that which maximizes the delocalization of electron density between the metal and the cluster cage, such that both components attain stable electronic configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK.
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21
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A computational investigation of aluminum-doped germanium clusters by density functional theory study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Deng XJ, Kong XY, Xu XL, Xu HG, Zheng WJ. Structural and magnetic properties of CoGe(n)- (n=2-11) clusters: photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional calculations. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:3987-93. [PMID: 25294751 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A series of cobalt-doped germanium clusters, CoGe(n)(-/0) (n=2-11), are investigated by using anion photoelectron spectroscopy combined with density functional theory calculations. For both anionic and neutral CoGe(n) (n=2-11) clusters, the critical size of the transition from exo- to endohedral structures is n=9. Natural population analysis shows that there is electron transfer from the Ge(n) framework to the Co atom at n=7-11 for both anionic and neutral CoGe(n) clusters. The magnetic moments of the anionic and neutral CoGe(n) clusters decrease to the lowest values at n=10 and 11. The transfer of electrons from the Gen framework to the Co atom and the minimization of the magnetic moments are related to the evolution of CoGe(n) structures from exo- to endohedral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jiao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (P.R. China)
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Espinoza-Quintero G, Duckworth JCA, Myers WK, McGrady JE, Goicoechea JM. Synthesis and Characterization of [Ru@Ge12]3–: An Endohedral 3-Connected Cluster. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:1210-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja411280v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Espinoza-Quintero
- Department of Chemistry,
Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Jack C. A. Duckworth
- Department of Chemistry,
Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - William K. Myers
- Department of Chemistry,
Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - John E. McGrady
- Department of Chemistry,
Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Jose M. Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry,
Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
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Li X, Su K, Yang X, Song L, Yang L. Size-selective effects in the geometry and electronic property of bimetallic Au–Ge nanoclusters. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Ghiasi R. Structure and bonding of Cu bis-dithiolenes complexes: a theoretical study. J Sulphur Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2011.636447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ghiasi
- a Department of Chemistry, Basis science faculty, East Tehran Branch , Islamic Azad University , Qiam Dasht, Tehran , Iran
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Tai TB, Tam NM, Nguyen MT. Evolution of structures and stabilities of zinc-doped tin clusters SnnZn, n=1–12. Three-dimensional aromaticity of the magic clusters Sn10Zn and Sn12Zn. Chem Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2011.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Tai TB, Nguyen MT. Enhanced Stability by Three-Dimensional Aromaticity of Endohedrally Doped Clusters X10M0/– with X = Ge, Sn, Pb and M = Cu, Ag, Au. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:9993-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp111324n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Truong Ba Tai
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Minh Tho Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology of HoChiMinhCity, Thu Duc, HoChiMinh City, Vietnam
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