1
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Liu S, Lee Y, Chen L, Deng J, Ma T, Barbatti M, Bai S. Unexpected longer T 1 lifetime of 6-sulfur guanine than 6-selenium guanine: the solvent effect of hydrogen bonds to brake the triplet decay. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:13965-13972. [PMID: 38669188 PMCID: PMC11078201 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00875h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The decay of the T1 state to the ground state is an essential property of photosensitizers because it decides the lifetime of excited states and, thus, the time window for sensitization. The sulfur/selenium substitution of carbonyl groups can red-shift absorption spectra and enhance the triplet yield because of the large spin-orbit coupling, modifying nucleobases to potential photosensitizers for various applications. However, replacing sulfur with selenium will also cause a much shorter T1 lifetime. Experimental studies found that the triplet decay rate of 6-seleno guanine (6SeGua) is 835 times faster than that of 6-thio guanine (6tGua) in aqueous solution. In this work, we reveal the mechanism of the T1 decay difference between 6SeGua and 6tGua by computing the activation energy and spin-orbit coupling for rate calculation. The solvent effect of water is treated with explicit microsolvation and implicit solvent models. We find that the hydrogen bond between the sulfur atom of 6tGua and the water molecule can brake the triplet decay, which is weaker in 6SeGua. This difference is crucial to explain the relatively long T1 lifetime of 6tGua in an aqueous solution. This insight emphasizes the role of solvents in modulating the excited state dynamics and the efficiency of photosensitizers, particularly in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoting Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Yuhsuan Lee
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingfang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingheng Deng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Tongmei Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Mario Barbatti
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ICR, 13397 Marseille, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris 75231, France
| | - Shuming Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Nieuwland C, Fonseca Guerra C. Chalcogen Atom Size: A Key Parameter in Modulating Carbonyl Compound Properties. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304361. [PMID: 38284777 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Exchanging oxygen in the functional group C=O (i. e., carbonyl) for the less electronegative Group 16 elements, sulfur or selenium, unexpectedly enhances the electronegativity of the C=X group in π-conjugated molecules and reduces the molecular π HOMO-LUMO energy gap. Quantum-chemical analyses revealed that the steric size of the chalcogen atom X is at the origin of this seemingly counterintuitive behavior. This tuning of the chemical properties of carbonyl compounds by varying the chalcogen atom size in the C=X bond can be applied in many fields of chemistry. This concept article delineates several useful applications in the fields of organocatalysis, supramolecular chemistry, and photo(electro)chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Nieuwland
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The, Netherlands
| | - Célia Fonseca Guerra
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The, Netherlands
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3
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Baños J, Avilés A, Colmenares F. Disruptive Model That Explains for the Long-Lived Triplet States Observed for 2-Thiocytosine upon UVA Radiation. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:13059-13066. [PMID: 38524487 PMCID: PMC10955585 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The possible role of radical species in the formation of the long-lived triplet states observed for 2-thiocytosine upon UV irradiation was theoretically investigated. It is predicted that the radical fragments arising from the homolytic rupture of the NH group of the thiobase can be yielded upon ultraviolet-A radiation. Recombination of the radicals through the most favorable singlet channel yields the lowest-lying tautomer of the 2-thiocytosine (the amino-thiol form) through a barrierless pathway. The rebounding of the radical fragments along the triplet channels that emerge from the attack of the hydrogen to the nitrogen atoms next to the C-S bond leads to stable structures for the amino-thion-N1H and amino-thion-N3H tautomers. These results allow for the rationalization of the near-unity triplet yields observed when this pure light-atom organic molecule is exposed to UV irradiation, without invoking intersystem crossings between the electronic states of different spin-multiplicities. A similar study for cytosine showed that the energy required to induce the homolytic breaking of the N-H bond of the nucleobase is not attainable under UVA radiation. This result is consistent with the experimental fact that no triplet states are observed when this molecule is exposed to that light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Baños
- Departamento de Física y Química
Teórica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Fernando Colmenares
- Departamento de Física y Química
Teórica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX 04510, Mexico
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4
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Chang XP, Wang JL, Peng LY, Cen XJ, Yin BW, Xie BB. Mechanistic photophysics of tellurium-substituted cytosine: Electronic structure calculations and nonadiabatic dynamics simulations. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:339-354. [PMID: 37435854 DOI: 10.1111/php.13835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Previously, the MS-CASPT2 method was performed to study the static and qualitative photophysics of tellurium-substituted cytosine (TeC). To get quantitative information, we used our recently developed QTMF-FSSH dynamics method to simulate the excited-state decay of TeC. The CASSCF method was adopted to reduce the calculation costs, which was confirmed to provide reliable structures and energies as those of MS-CASPT2. A detailed structural analysis showed that only 5% trajectories will hop to the lower triplet or singlet state via the twisted (S2 /S1 /T2 )T intersection, while 67% trajectories will choose the planar intersections of (S2 /S1 /T3 /T2 /T1 )P and (S2 /S1 /T2 /T1 )P but subsequently become twisted in other electronic states. By contrast, ~28% trajectories will maintain in a plane throughout dynamics. Electronic population revealed that the S2 population will ultrafast transfer to the lower triplet or singlet state. Later, the TeC system will populate in the spin-mixed electronic states composed of S1 , T1 and T2 . At the end of 300 fs, most trajectories (~74%) will decay to the ground state and only 17.4% will survive in the triplet states. Our dynamics simulation verified that tellurium substitution will enhance the intersystem crossings, but the very short triplet lifetime (ca. 125 fs) will make TeC a less effective photosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ping Chang
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Jie-Lei Wang
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Ya Peng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Jiang Cen
- Ningbo Zhongtian Engineering Co., Ltd., Ningbo, China
| | - Bo-Wen Yin
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin-Bin Xie
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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5
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Xie M, Ren SX, Hu D, Zhong JM, Luo J, Tan Y, Li YP, Si LP, Cao J. The impact of the chalcogen-substitution element and initial spectroscopic state on excited-state relaxation pathways in nucleobase photosensitizers: a combination of static and dynamic studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:27756-27765. [PMID: 37814579 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03730d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The substitution of oxygen with chalcogen in carbonyl group(s) of canonical nucleobases gives an impressive triplet generation, enabling their promising applications in medicine and other emerging techniques. The excited-state relaxation S2(ππ*) → S1(nπ*) → T1(ππ*) has been considered the preferred path for triplet generation in these nucleobase derivatives. Here, we demonstrate enhanced quantum efficiency of direct intersystem crossing from S2 to triplet manifold upon substitution with heavier chalcogen elements. The excited-state relaxation dynamics of sulfur/selenium substituted guanines in a vacuum is investigated using a combination of static quantum chemical calculations and on-the-fly excited-state molecular dynamics simulations. We find that in sulfur-substitution the S2 state predominantly decays to the S1 state, while upon selenium-substitution the S2 state deactivation leads to simultaneous population of the S1 and T2,3 states in the same time scale and multi-state quasi-degeneracy region S2/S1/T2,3. Interestingly, the ultrafast deactivation of the spectroscopic S3 state of both studied molecules to the S1 state occurs through a successive S3 → S2 → S1 path involving a multi-state quasi-degeneracy S3/S2/S1. The populated S1 and T2 states will cross the lowest triplet state, and the S1 → T intersystem crossing happens in a multi-state quasi-degeneracy region S1/T2,3/T1 and is accelerated by selenium-substitution. The present study reveals the influence of both the chalcogen substitution element and initial spectroscopic state on the excited-state relaxation mechanism of nucleobase photosensitizers and also highlights the important role of multi-state quasi-degeneracy in mediating the complex relaxation process. These theoretical results provide additional insights into the intrinsic photophysics of nucleobase-based photosensitizers and are helpful for designing novel photo-sensitizers for real applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xie
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy & Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Shuang-Xiao Ren
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy & Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Die Hu
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy & Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Meng Zhong
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy & Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Jie Luo
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy & Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Yin Tan
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy & Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Ping Li
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ping Si
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy & Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Jun Cao
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy & Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550018, P. R. China.
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6
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Komarov K, Park W, Lee S, Zeng T, Choi CH. Accurate Spin-Orbit Coupling by Relativistic Mixed-Reference Spin-Flip-TDDFT. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:953-964. [PMID: 36655271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c01036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Relativistic mixed-reference spin-flip (MRSF)-TDDFT is developed considering the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) within the mean-field approximation. The resulting SOC-MRSF faithfully reproduces the experiments with very high accuracy, which is also consistent with the values by four-component (4c) relativistic CASSCF and 4c-CASPT2 in the spin-orbit-energy splitting calculations of the C, Si, and Ge atoms. Even for the fifth-row element Sn, the SOC-MRSF yielded accurate splittings (∼ 3 % error). In the SOC calculations of the molecular 4-thiothymine with a third-row element, SOC-MRSF values are in excellent agreement with those of the SO-GMC-QDPT2 level, regardless of geometries and exchange-correlation functionals. The same SOC-MRSF predicted the anticipated chance of S1 (nπ*) → T1 (ππ*) intersystem crossing, even in thymine with only second-row elements. With its accuracy and practicality, thus, SOC-MRSF is a promising electronic structure protocol in challenging situations such as nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (NAMD) incorporating both internal conversions and intersystem crossings in large systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Komarov
- Center for Quantum Dynamics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang37673, South Korea
| | - Woojin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu41566, South Korea
| | - Seunghoon Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California91125, USA
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, ONM3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Cheol Ho Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu41566, South Korea
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7
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Tellurium-Modified Nucleosides, Nucleotides, and Nucleic Acids with Potential Applications. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238379. [PMID: 36500495 PMCID: PMC9737395 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Tellurium was successfully incorporated into proteins and applied to protein structure determination through X-ray crystallography. However, studies on tellurium modification of DNA and RNA are limited. This review highlights the recent development of Te-modified nucleosides, nucleotides, and nucleic acids, and summarizes the main synthetic approaches for the preparation of 5-PhTe, 2'-MeTe, and 2'-PhTe modifications. Those modifications are compatible with solid-phase synthesis and stable during Te-oligonucleotide purification. Moreover, the ideal electronic and atomic properties of tellurium for generating clear isomorphous signals give Te-modified DNA and RNA great potential applications in 3D crystal structure determination through X-ray diffraction. STM study also shows that Te-modified DNA has strong topographic and current peaks, which immediately suggests potential applications in nucleic acid direct imaging, nanomaterials, molecular electronics, and diagnostics. Theoretical studies indicate the potential application of Te-modified nucleosides in cancer therapy.
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8
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Jiang M, Wu J, Liu W, Ren H, Wang S, Wang P. Novel selenium-containing photosensitizers for near-infrared fluorescence imaging-guided photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 233:112488. [PMID: 35689930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Benzopyran nitrile dyes cannot be used as qualified photosensitizers due to the low quantum yield of triplet state. The benzopyran derivatives containing selenium instead of oxygen atom based on the heavy atom effect are expected to become potential agents for photodynamic therapy. In this paper, a series of selenium-containing photosensitizers (PSX) were prepared according to this strategy. PSX can effectively produce both singlet oxygen and superoxide anions upon laser irradiation. PSX exhibited the emission wavelength at 500-800 nm and near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging in HeLa cells. Excellent biocompatibility and phototoxicity further indicated that PSX could be used as efficient photosensitizers for NIR fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
| | - Weimin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Haohui Ren
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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9
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Valverde D, Mai S, Canuto S, Borin AC, González L. Ultrafast Intersystem Crossing Dynamics of 6-Selenoguanine in Water. JACS AU 2022; 2:1699-1711. [PMID: 35911449 PMCID: PMC9327080 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Rationalizing the photochemistry of nucleobases where an oxygen is replaced by a heavier atom is essential for applications that exploit near-unity triplet quantum yields. Herein, we report on the ultrafast excited-state deactivation mechanism of 6-selenoguanine (6SeGua) in water by combining nonadiabatic trajectory surface-hopping dynamics with an electrostatic embedding quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) scheme. We find that the predominant relaxation mechanism after irradiation starts on the bright singlet S2 state that converts internally to the dark S1 state, from which the population is transferred to the triplet T2 state via intersystem crossing and finally to the lowest T1 state. This S2 → S1 → T2 → T1 deactivation pathway is similar to that observed for the lighter 6-thioguanine (6tGua) analogue, but counterintuitively, the T1 lifetime of the heavier 6SeGua is shorter than that of 6tGua. This fact is explained by the smaller activation barrier to reach the T1/S0 crossing point and the larger spin-orbit couplings of 6SeGua compared to 6tGua. From the dynamical simulations, we also calculate transient absorption spectra (TAS), which provide two time constants (τ1 = 131 fs and τ2 = 191 fs) that are in excellent agreement with the experimentally reported value (τexp = 130 ± 50 fs) (Farrel et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, 140, 11214). Intersystem crossing itself is calculated to occur with a time scale of 452 ± 38 fs, highlighting that the TAS is the result of a complex average of signals coming from different nonradiative processes and not intersystem crossing alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danillo Valverde
- Department
of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, São Paulo CEP 05508-000, Brazil
- Institute
of Physics, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1371, São Paulo, São Paulo CEP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Sebastian Mai
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Sylvio Canuto
- Institute
of Physics, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1371, São Paulo, São Paulo CEP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Borin
- Department
of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, São Paulo CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Leticia González
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, Vienna 1090, Austria
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10
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Robbins E, Deska R, Ślusarek K, Dudek M, Samoć M, Latos-Grażyński L, Szyszko B, Matczyszyn K. Two-photon absorption of 28-hetero-2,7-naphthiporphyrins: expanded carbaporphyrinoid macrocycles. RSC Adv 2022; 12:19554-19560. [PMID: 35865606 PMCID: PMC9258731 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03167a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The one- and two-photon absorption (1PA and 2PA) properties of three expanded aceneporphyrinoids, 28-thia-, 28-selena- and 28-tellura-2,7-naphthiporphyrin, have been studied. The open-aperture Z-scan technique was used to determine two-photon absorption cross-sections in the near infrared range using an amplified femtosecond laser system. The maximum values of the cross sections were found to be 99, 200 and 650 GM at 900 nm and 1, 13 and 31 GM at 1400 nm for the three investigated compounds, respectively. These results demonstrate enhanced 2PA properties compared with well-known porphyrin photosensitizers, such as Foscan®, showing the potential of porphyrin core modification for optimizing infrared nonlinear absorbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Robbins
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, Université de Limoges 123 Avenue Albert Thomas 87060 Limoges France
| | - Radosław Deska
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ślusarek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Marta Dudek
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Marek Samoć
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | | | - Bartosz Szyszko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Katarzyna Matczyszyn
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
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11
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Mamgain R, Singh FV. Selenium-Based Fluorescence Probes for the Detection of Bioactive Molecules. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2022; 2:262-288. [PMID: 36855593 PMCID: PMC9954296 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.1c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chemistry of organoselenium reagents have now become an important tool of synthetic organic and medicinal chemistry. These reagents activate the olefinic double bonds and used to archive the number of organic transformations under mild reaction conditions. A number of organoselenium compounds have been identified as potent oxidants. Recently, various organoselenium species have been employed as chemical sensors for detecting toxic metals. Moreover, a number of selenium-based fluorescent probes have been developed for detecting harmful peroxides and ROS. In this review article, the synthesis of selenium-based fluorescent probes will be covered including their application in the detection of toxic metals and harmful peroxides including ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Mamgain
- Chemistry
Division, School of Advanced Sciences (SAS),
Vellore Institute of Technology-Chennai, Vandalur-Kelambakkam Road, Chennai 600127, Tamil
Nadu, India
| | - Fateh V. Singh
- Chemistry
Division, School of Advanced Sciences (SAS),
Vellore Institute of Technology-Chennai, Vandalur-Kelambakkam Road, Chennai 600127, Tamil
Nadu, India,
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12
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Xie BB, Tang XF, Liu XY, Chang XP, Cui G. Mechanistic photophysics and photochemistry of unnatural bases and sunscreen molecules: insights from electronic structure calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:27124-27149. [PMID: 34849517 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03994f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photophysics and photochemistry are basic subjects in the study of light-matter interactions and are ubiquitous in diverse fields such as biology, energy, materials, and environment. A full understanding of mechanistic photophysics and photochemistry underpins many recent advances and applications. This contribution first provides a short discussion on the theoretical calculation methods we have used in relevant studies, then we introduce our latest progress on the mechanistic photophysics and photochemistry of two classes of molecular systems, namely unnatural bases and sunscreens. For unnatural bases, we disclose the intrinsic driving forces for the ultrafast population to reactive triplet states, impacts of the position and degree of chalcogen substitutions, and the effects of complex environments. For sunscreen molecules, we reveal the photoprotection mechanisms that dissipate excess photon energy to the surroundings by ultrafast internal conversion to the ground state. Finally, relevant theoretical challenges and outlooks are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Bin Xie
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou 311231, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
| | - Xiu-Fang Tang
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou 311231, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
| | - Xiang-Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610068, China
| | - Xue-Ping Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, P. R. China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China.
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13
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Zhu YH, Tang XF, Chang XP, Zhang TS, Xie BB, Cui G. Mechanistic Photophysics of Tellurium-Substituted Uracils: Insights from Multistate Complete-Active-Space Second-Order Perturbation Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:8816-8826. [PMID: 34606278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c06169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical mechanisms of tellurium-substituted uracils were studied at the multistate complete-active-space second-order perturbation level with a particular focus on how the position and number of tellurium substitutions affect their nonadiabatic relaxation processes. Electronic structure analysis reveals that the lowest several excited states are closely concerned with the n and π orbitals at the Te7-C2 [Te8-C4] moiety of 2-tellurouracil (2TeU) [4TeU and 24TeU]. Both planar and twisted minima were optimized for 2TeU, whereas only planar ones were obtained for 4TeU and 24TeU, except for a twisted T1 minimum of 4TeU. Based on intersection structures and linearly interpolated internal coordinate paths, we proposed several feasible excited-state deactivation paths. It is found that the relaxation channels for 2TeU are more complicated than those of 4TeU and 24TeU. The electronic population transfer to the T1 state for 2TeU is easier than that for 4TeU and 24TeU in consideration of the barrier heights from the S2 Franck-Condon point to the S2/S1 or S2/T2 intersections. In addition, the recovery of the ground state from the T1 state for 2TeU will be more efficient than that for the other two systems as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Fang Tang
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou 311231, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Ping Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, P. R. China
| | - Teng-Shuo Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P R. China
| | - Bin-Bin Xie
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou 311231, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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14
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Liu J, Lan Z, Yang J. An efficient implementation of spin-orbit coupling within the framework of semiempirical orthogonalization-corrected methods for ultrafast intersystem crossing dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:22313-22323. [PMID: 34591049 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03477d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We implement spin-orbit coupling (SOC) within the framework of semiempirical orthogonalization-corrected methods (OMx). The excited-state wavefunction is generated from configuration interaction with single excitations (CIS). The SOC Hamiltonian in terms of the one-electron Breit-Pauli operator with effective nuclear charges is adopted in this work. Benchmark calculations show that SOCs evaluated using the OMx/CIS method agree very well with those obtained from time-dependent density functional theory. As a particularly attractive application, we incorporate SOCs between singlet and triplet states into Tully's fewest switches surface hopping algorithm to enable excited-state nonadiabatic dynamics simulations, treating internal conversion and intersystem crossing on an equal footing. This semiempirical dynamics simulation approach is applied to investigate ultrafast intersystem crossing processes in core-substituted naphthalenediimides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Zhenggang Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety and MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, SCNU Environmental Research Institute, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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15
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Zhu YH, Zhang TS, Tang XF, Xie BB, Cui G. MS-CASPT2 studies on the mechanistic photophysics of tellurium-substituted guanine and cytosine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:12421-12430. [PMID: 34028476 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01142a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur-substituted nucleobases are highly promising photosensitizers that are widely used in photodynamic therapy, and there are numerous studies exploring their unique photophysical behaviors. However, relevant photophysical investigations on selenium and tellurium substitutions are still rare. Herein, the high-level multistate complete-active-space second-order perturbation (MS-CASPT2) method was performed for the first time to explore the excited-state relaxation processes of tellurium-substituted guanine (TeG) and cytosine (TeC). Based on the electronic state properties in the Franck-Condon (FC) region, we found that the lowest five (S0, S1, S2, T1, and T2) and six (S0, S1, S2, T1, T2 and T3) states will participate in the nonadiabatic transition processes of TeG and TeC systems, respectively. In these electronic states, two kinds of minimum and intersection structures (i.e., planar and twisted structures) were obtained for both TeG and TeC systems. The linearly interpolated internal coordinate (LIIC) paths and spin-orbit coupling (SOC) constants revealed several possible planar and twisted excited-state decay channels, which could lead the systems to the lowest reactive triplet state of T1. Small energy barriers in the T1 state will trap the TeG and TeC systems for a while before they finally populate to the ground state. Although tellurium substitution would further redshift the absorption wavelength and enhance the intersystem crossing (ISC) rate to the T1 state compared with sulfur and selenium substitutions, the rapid ISC process of T1 → S0 may make it a less effective photosensitizer to sensitize the molecular oxygen. We believe our present work will provide important mechanistic insights into the photophysics of tellurium-substituted nucleobases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China.
| | - Teng-Shuo Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Fang Tang
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou 311231, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
| | - Bin-Bin Xie
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou 311231, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China.
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16
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Valverde D, Mai S, Sanches de Araújo AV, Canuto S, González L, Borin AC. On the population of triplet states of 2-seleno-thymine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:5447-5454. [PMID: 33650609 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The population and depopulation mechanisms leading to the lowest-lying triplet states of 2-Se-Thymine were studied at the MS-CASPT2/cc-pVDZ level of theory. Several critical points on different potential energy hypersurfaces were optimized, including minima, conical intersections, and singlet-triplet crossings. The accessibility of all relevant regions on the potential energy hypersurfaces was investigated by means of minimum energy paths and linear interpolation in internal coordinates techniques. Our analysis indicates that, after the population of the bright S2 state in the Franck-Condon region, the first photochemical event is a barrierless evolution towards one of its two minima. After that, three viable photophysical deactivation paths can take place. In one of them, the population in the S2 state is transferred to the T2 state via intersystem crossing and subsequently to the T1 state by internal conversion. Alternatively, the S1 state could be accessed by internal conversion through two distinct conical intersections with S2 state followed by singlet-triplet crossing with the T2 state. The absence of a second minimum on the T1 state and a small energy barrier on pathway along the potential energy surface towards the ground state from the lowest triplet state are attributed as potential reasons to explain why the lifetime of the triplet state of 2-Se-Thymine might be reduced in comparison with its thio-analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danillo Valverde
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1371. 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sebastian Mai
- Photonics Institute, Vienna University of Technology, Gußhausstraße 27-29, 1040 Vienna, Austria and Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | | | - Sylvio Canuto
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1371. 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Antonio Carlos Borin
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748. 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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17
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Muniyandi K, George B, Parimelazhagan T, Abrahamse H. Role of Photoactive Phytocompounds in Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. Molecules 2020; 25:E4102. [PMID: 32911753 PMCID: PMC7570746 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the greatest life-threatening diseases conventionally treated using chemo- and radio-therapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising approach to eradicate different types of cancers. PDT requires the administration of photosensitisers (PSs) and photoactivation using a specific wavelength of light in the presence of molecular oxygen. This photoactivation exerts an anticancer effect via apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy of cancer cells. Recently, various natural compounds that exhibit photosensitising potentials have been identified. Photoactive substances derived from medicinal plants have been found to be safe in comparison with synthetic compounds. Many articles have focused on PDT mechanisms and types of PSs, but limited attention has been paid to the phototoxic activities of phytocompounds. The reduced toxicity and side effects of natural compounds inspire the researchers to identify and use plant extracts or phytocompounds as a potent natural PS candidate for PDT. This review focusses on the importance of common photoactive groups (furanocoumarins, polyacetylenes, thiophenes, curcumins, alkaloids, and anthraquinones), their phototoxic effects, anticancer activity and use as a potent PS for an effective PDT outcome in the treatment of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasipandi Muniyandi
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; (K.M.); (B.G.)
- Bioprospecting Laboratory, Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India;
| | - Blassan George
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; (K.M.); (B.G.)
| | - Thangaraj Parimelazhagan
- Bioprospecting Laboratory, Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India;
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; (K.M.); (B.G.)
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18
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Peng Q, Zhu YH, Zhang TS, Liu XY, Fang WH, Cui G. Selenium substitution effects on excited-state properties and photophysics of uracil: a MS-CASPT2 study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:12120-12128. [PMID: 32440669 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01369b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The photophysics of selenium-substituted nucleobases has attracted recent experimental attention because they could serve as potential photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy. Herein, we present a comprehensive MS-CASPT2 study on the spectroscopic and excited-state properties, and photophysics of 2-selenouracil (2SeU), 4-selenouracil (4SeU), and 2,4-selenouracil (24SeU). Relevant minima, conical intersections, crossing points, and excited-state relaxation paths in the lowest five electronic states (i.e., S0, S1, S2, T2, and T1) are explored. On the basis of these results, their photophysical mechanisms are proposed. Upon photoirradiation to the bright S2 state, 2SeU quickly relaxes to its S2 minimum and then moves in an essentially barrierless way to a nearby S2/S1 conical intersection near which the S1 state is populated. Next, the S1 system arrives at an S1/T2/T1 intersection where a large S1/T1 spin-orbit coupling of 430.8 cm-1 makes the T1 state populated. In this state, a barrier of 6.8 kcal mol-1 will trap 2SeU for a while. In parallel, for 4SeU or 24SeU, the system first relaxes to the S2 minimum and then overcomes a small barrier to approach an S2/S1 conical intersection. Once hopping to the S1 state, there exists an extended region with very close S1, T2, and T1 energies. Similarly, a large S1/T1 spin-orbit coupling of 426.8 cm-1 drives the S1→ T1 intersystem crossing process thereby making the T1 state populated. Similarly, an energy barrier heavily suppresses electronic transition to the S0 state. The present work manifests that different selenium substitutions on uracil can lead to a certain extent of different vertical and adiabatic excitation energies, excited-state properties, and relaxation pathways. These insights could help understand the photophysics of selenium-substituted nucleobases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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19
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Norell J, Odelius M, Vacher M. Ultrafast dynamics of photo-excited 2-thiopyridone: Theoretical insights into triplet state population and proton transfer pathways. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2020; 7:024101. [PMID: 32206689 PMCID: PMC7078009 DOI: 10.1063/1.5143228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast non-adiabatic dynamics of the small heteroaromatic compound 2-thiopyridone has been studied with surface hopping simulations based on multi-configurational quantum chemistry. Initial excitation of the bright S 2 ( π , π * ) state is found to promptly relax to S 1 ( n , π * ) through in-plane motion. The subsequent dynamics are oppositely driven by out-of-plane motion, which results in both complex population transfers among all the available states and intersystem crossing predominantly through the "El-Sayed forbidden" S 1 ( n , π * ) to T 2 ( n , π * ) channel, through significant mixing of electronic excitation characters. Despite this complexity, the femto- to picosecond triplet population, expected from several spectroscopic measurements, is well described as a simple exponential decay of the singlet state manifold. No proton transfer is found in the reported trajectories, but two mechanisms for its possible mediation in previously reported experiments are proposed based on the observed structural dynamics: (i) ultrafast intra-molecular transfer driven by the initially coherent in-plane motion and (ii) inter-molecular solvent-mediated transfer driven by the out-of-plane modes that dominate the later motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Norell
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Odelius
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Fang YG, Peng Q, Fang Q, Fang W, Cui G. MS-CASPT2 Studies on the Photophysics of Selenium-Substituted Guanine Nucleobase. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:9769-9777. [PMID: 31460068 PMCID: PMC6649137 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The MS-CASPT2 method has been employed to optimize minimum-energy structures of 6-selenoguanine (6SeGua) and related two- and three-state intersection structures in and between the lowest five electronic states, i.e., S2(1ππ*), S1(1 nπ*), T2(3 nπ*), T1(3ππ*), and S0. In combination with MS-CASPT2 calculated linearly interpolated internal coordinate paths, the photophysical mechanism of 6SeGua has been proposed. The initially populated S2(1ππ*) state decays to either S1(1 nπ*) or T2(3 nπ*) states through a three-state S2/S1/T2 intersection point. The large S2/T2 spin-orbit coupling of 435 cm-1, according to the classical El-Sayed rule, benefits the S2 → T2 intersystem crossing process. The S1(1 nπ*) state that stems from the S2 → S1 internal conversion process at the S2/S1/T2 intersection point can further jump to the T2(3 nπ*) state through the S1 → T2 intersystem crossing process. This process does not comply with the El-Sayed rule, but it is still related to a comparatively large spin-orbit coupling of 39 cm-1 and is expected to occur relatively fast. Finally, the T2(3 nπ*) state, which is populated from the above S2 → T2 and S1 → T2 intersystem crossing processes, decays to the T1(3ππ*) state via an internal conversion process. Because there is merely a small energy barrier of 0.11 eV separating the T1(3ππ*) minimum and an energetically allowed two-state T1/S0 intersection point, the T1(3ππ*) state still can decay to the S0 state quickly, which is also enhanced by a large T1/S0 spin-orbit coupling of 252 cm-1. Our proposed mechanism explains experimentally observed ultrafast intersystem crossing processes in 6SeGua and its 835-fold acceleration of the T1 state decay to the S0 state compared with 6tGua. Finally, we have found that the ground-state electronic structure of 6SeGua has more apparent multireference character.
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21
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Mai S, Wolf AP, González L. Curious Case of 2-Selenouracil: Efficient Population of Triplet States and Yet Photostable. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:3730-3742. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mai
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna-Patricia Wolf
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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22
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Alberto ME, De Simone BC, Sicilia E, Toscano M, Russo N. Rational Design of Modified Oxobacteriochlorins as Potential Photodynamic Therapy Photosensitizers. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20082002. [PMID: 31022831 PMCID: PMC6514987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20082002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The modulation of the photophysical properties of a series of recently synthetized oxobacteriochlorins with the introduction of heavy atoms in the macrocycles, was investigated at density functional level of theory and by means of the time-dependent TDDFT formulation. Absorption frequencies, singlet-triplet energy gaps and spin-orbit coupling (SOC) constants values were computed for all the investigated compounds. Results show how the sulfur- selenium- and iodine-substituted compounds possess improved properties that make them suitable for application in photodynamic therapy (PDT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Erminia Alberto
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Bruna Clara De Simone
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Emilia Sicilia
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Marirosa Toscano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Nino Russo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
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23
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Balaguez RA, Krüger R, Iepsen B, Schumacher RF, Oliboni RS, Barcellos T, Junqueira HC, Baptista MS, Iglesias BA, Alves D. Bisarylselanylbenzo-2,1,3-selenadiazoles: Synthesis, Photophysical, Electrochemical and Singlet-Oxygen-Generation Properties. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renata A. Balaguez
- LASOL-CCQFA; Universidade Federal de Pelotas UFPel; P.O. Box 354 - 96010-900 Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Roberta Krüger
- LASOL-CCQFA; Universidade Federal de Pelotas UFPel; P.O. Box 354 - 96010-900 Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Bruna Iepsen
- LASOL-CCQFA; Universidade Federal de Pelotas UFPel; P.O. Box 354 - 96010-900 Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Ricardo F. Schumacher
- LASOL-CCQFA; Universidade Federal de Pelotas UFPel; P.O. Box 354 - 96010-900 Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Robson S. Oliboni
- LASOL-CCQFA; Universidade Federal de Pelotas UFPel; P.O. Box 354 - 96010-900 Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Thiago Barcellos
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetic Products; Universidade de Caxias do Sul; Caxias do Sul RS Brazil
| | - Helena C. Junqueira
- Departament of Biochemistry; Institute of Chemistry; University of São Paulo USP; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Maurício S. Baptista
- Departament of Biochemistry; Institute of Chemistry; University of São Paulo USP; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Bernardo A. Iglesias
- Departament of Chemistry; Laboratório de Bioinorgânica e Materiais Porfirínicos; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; UFSM; 97105-900 Santa Maria - RS Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- LASOL-CCQFA; Universidade Federal de Pelotas UFPel; P.O. Box 354 - 96010-900 Pelotas RS Brazil
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24
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Ashwood B, Pollum M, Crespo-Hernández CE. Photochemical and Photodynamical Properties of Sulfur-Substituted Nucleic Acid Bases. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 95:33-58. [PMID: 29978490 DOI: 10.1111/php.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur-substituted nucleobases (a.k.a., thiobases) are among the world's leading prescriptions for chemotherapy and immunosuppression. Long-term treatment with azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine has been correlated with the photoinduced formation of carcinomas. Establishing an in-depth understanding of the photochemical properties of these prodrugs may provide a route to overcoming these carcinogenic side effects, or, alternatively, a basis for developing effective compounds for targeted phototherapy. In this review, a broad examination is undertaken, surveying the basic photochemical properties and excited-state dynamics of sulfur-substituted analogs of the canonical DNA and RNA nucleobases. A molecular-level understanding of how sulfur substitution so remarkably perturbs the photochemical properties of the nucleobases is presented by combining experimental results with quantum-chemical calculations. Structure-property relationships demonstrate the impact of site-specific sulfur substitution on the photochemical properties, particularly on the population of the reactive triplet state. The value of fundamental photochemical investigations for driving the development of ultraviolet-A chemotherapeutics is showcased. The most promising photodynamic agents identified thus far have been investigated in various carcinoma cell lines and shown to decrease cell proliferation upon exposure to ultraviolet-A radiation. Overarching principles have been elucidated for the impact that sulfur substitution of the carbonyl oxygen has on the photochemical properties of the nucleobases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan Ashwood
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Marvin Pollum
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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25
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Farrell KM, Brister MM, Pittelkow M, Sølling TI, Crespo-Hernández CE. Heavy-Atom-Substituted Nucleobases in Photodynamic Applications: Substitution of Sulfur with Selenium in 6-Thioguanine Induces a Remarkable Increase in the Rate of Triplet Decay in 6-Selenoguanine. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:11214-11218. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kieran M. Farrell
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Matthew M. Brister
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Michael Pittelkow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Theis I. Sølling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carlos E. Crespo-Hernández
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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26
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Pirillo J, Mazzone G, Russo N. Theoretical Insights into the Switching Off/On of 1 O 2 Photosensitization in Chemicontrolled Photodynamic Therapy. Chemistry 2018; 24:3512-3519. [PMID: 29314348 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Density Functional Theory and time-dependent (TD) DFT calculations were carried out for recently reported 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY)-based photosensitizers (PSs) that could be activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) to generate 1 O2 specifically in target tissues. To assess the applicability of the compounds as activatable PSs (a-PSs) in photodynamic therapy, absorption wavelengths; singlet-triplet energy gaps; and spin-orbit matrix elements for the radiationless transition, Sn →Tm , were investigated. A TD-DFT qualitative analysis indicated that only a Br-substituted BODIPY derivative with the chromanol ring of α-tocopherol linked by methylene functioned as an a-PS. The chromanol ring promotes photoinduced electron transfer to the BODIPY unit that reduces the probability of intersystem crossing and triplet-state population, and can turn off 1 O2 photosensitization. Therefore, 1 O2 photosensitization can be switched on only in target cells in which the chromanol ring is oxidized by ROS. The oxidation reaction pathways of the most promising derivative, by either 1 O2 or cumyloxyl radical as typical ROS, have been examined to reveal that oxidation by the cumyloxyl radical is more effective than that by 1 O2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Pirillo
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, 464-8602, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Gloria Mazzone
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Nino Russo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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27
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Metal Atom Effect on the Photophysical Properties of Mg(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pd(II) Tetraphenylporphyrin Complexes Proposed as Possible Drugs in Photodynamic Therapy. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071093. [PMID: 28665328 PMCID: PMC6152236 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of Mg, Zn, Cd, and Pd dications on the photophysical properties of the tetraphenylporphyrin ligand have been explored, considering the corresponding complexes and by using the density functional theory and its time-dependent extension. Results show that absorption wavelengths do not change significantly when the metal ion changes contrary to what happens to the singlet–triplet energy gaps (ΔES−T) and the spin-orbit matrix elements 〈ΨSn|H^so|ΨTm〉. The most probable intersystem spin crossing (ISC) pathways for the population of the lowest triplet states have been explored. Our findings can contribute to rationalize the available experimental data and promote the potential therapeutic use of these compounds as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy (PDT).
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28
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Arslancan S, Martínez-Fernández L, Corral I. Photophysics and Photochemistry of Canonical Nucleobases’ Thioanalogs: From Quantum Mechanical Studies to Time Resolved Experiments. Molecules 2017. [PMCID: PMC6152766 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest in understanding the photophysics and photochemistry of thiated nucleobases has been awakened because of their possible involvement in primordial RNA or their potential use as photosensitizers in medicinal chemistry. The interpretation of the photodynamics of these systems, conditioned by their intricate potential energy surfaces, requires the powerful interplay between experimental measurements and state of the art molecular simulations. In this review, we provide an overview on the photophysics of natural nucleobases’ thioanalogs, which covers the last 30 years and both experimental and computational contributions. For all the canonical nucleobase’s thioanalogs, we have compiled the main steady state absorption and emission features and their interpretation in terms of theoretical calculations. Then, we revise the main topographical features, including stationary points and interstate crossings, of their potential energy surfaces based on quantum mechanical calculations and we conclude, by combining the outcome of different spectroscopic techniques and molecular dynamics simulations, with the mechanism by which these nucleobase analogs populate their triplet excited states, which are at the origin of their photosensitizing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serra Arslancan
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain;
| | - Lara Martínez-Fernández
- Istituto Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Mezzocannone 16, Napoli I-80134, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.M.-F.); (I.C.); Tel.: +34-91-497-8471 (I.C.)
| | - Inés Corral
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain;
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IADCHEM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.M.-F.); (I.C.); Tel.: +34-91-497-8471 (I.C.)
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29
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Insight into the excited-state intramolecular double-proton transfer of the 2,5-bis(benzoxazol-2-yl)thiophene-3,4-diol: one-step or stepwise mechanism? Theor Chem Acc 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-017-2088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Pirillo J, Mazzone G, Russo N, Bertini L. Photophysical Properties of S, Se and Te-Substituted Deoxyguanosines: Insight into Their Ability To Act as Chemotherapeutic Agents. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 57:234-242. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.6b00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Pirillo
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Gloria Mazzone
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Nino Russo
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Luca Bertini
- Department
of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza
della Scienza 2, I-20126 Milano, Italy
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31
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Gao X, Bai S, Fazzi D, Niehaus T, Barbatti M, Thiel W. Evaluation of Spin-Orbit Couplings with Linear-Response Time-Dependent Density Functional Methods. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:515-524. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Gao
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz, D-45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Shuming Bai
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France
| | - Daniele Fazzi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz, D-45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Thomas Niehaus
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz, D-45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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32
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Wang C, Liu J, Tian Z, Tian M, Tian L, Zhao W, Liu Z. Half-sandwich iridium N-heterocyclic carbene anticancer complexes. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:6870-6883. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00575j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Half-sandwich iridium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes display potent anticancer activities and are attractive for development as new anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlan Wang
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
| | - Zhenzhen Tian
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
| | - Meng Tian
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
| | - Laijin Tian
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
| | - Wenqian Zhao
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
| | - Zhe Liu
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
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33
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Mai S, Pollum M, Martínez-Fernández L, Dunn N, Marquetand P, Corral I, Crespo-Hernández CE, González L. The origin of efficient triplet state population in sulfur-substituted nucleobases. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13077. [PMID: 27703148 PMCID: PMC5059480 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the photophysical mechanisms in sulfur-substituted nucleobases (thiobases) is essential for designing prospective drugs for photo- and chemotherapeutic applications. Although it has long been established that the phototherapeutic activity of thiobases is intimately linked to efficient intersystem crossing into reactive triplet states, the molecular factors underlying this efficiency are poorly understood. Herein we combine femtosecond transient absorption experiments with quantum chemistry and nonadiabatic dynamics simulations to investigate 2-thiocytosine as a necessary step to unravel the electronic and structural elements that lead to ultrafast and near-unity triplet-state population in thiobases in general. We show that different parts of the potential energy surfaces are stabilized to different extents via thionation, quenching the intrinsic photostability of canonical DNA and RNA nucleobases. These findings satisfactorily explain why thiobases exhibit the fastest intersystem crossing lifetimes measured to date among bio-organic molecules and have near-unity triplet yields, whereas the triplet yields of canonical nucleobases are nearly zero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mai
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Marvin Pollum
- Center for Chemical Dynamics and Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Dunn
- Center for Chemical Dynamics and Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Philipp Marquetand
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Inés Corral
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Departamento de Química, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Carlos E. Crespo-Hernández
- Center for Chemical Dynamics and Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, Vienna 1090, Austria
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34
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Bai S, Barbatti M. Why Replacing Different Oxygens of Thymine with Sulfur Causes Distinct Absorption and Intersystem Crossing. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:6342-50. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b05110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuming Bai
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS,
ICR, Marseille, France
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35
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Maltese V, Cospito S, Beneduci A, De Simone BC, Russo N, Chidichimo G, Janssen RAJ. Electro-optical Properties of Neutral and Radical Ion Thienosquaraines. Chemistry 2016; 22:10179-86. [PMID: 27334359 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Thienosquaraines are an interesting class of electroactive dyes that are useful for applications in organic electronics. Herein, the redox chemistry and electrochromic response of a few newly synthesized thienosquaraines are presented. These properties are compared to those of the commercial 2,4-bis[4-(N,N-diisobutylamino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl]squaraine. The stability of the radical ions formed in electrochemical processes strongly affects these properties, as shown by cyclic voltammetry, in situ spectroelectrochemistry, and quantum chemical calculations. Furthermore, all of the dyes show aggregation tendency resulting in panchromatic absorption covering the whole UV/Vis spectral range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Maltese
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036, Italy. .,Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Sante Cospito
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036, Italy
| | - Amerigo Beneduci
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036, Italy.
| | - Bruna Clara De Simone
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036, Italy
| | - Nino Russo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Chidichimo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036, Italy
| | - René A J Janssen
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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36
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De Simone BC, Marino T, Russo N. TDDFT investigation on methylviologen, 3,7-diazabenzophosphole, and helical helquat electrochromic systems. Theor Chem Acc 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-016-1845-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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