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Sang-Aroon W, Alberto ME, Toscano M, Russo N. Chalcogen atom effect on the intersystem crossing kinetic constant of oxygen- and sulfur disubstituted heteroporphyrins. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:1322-1328. [PMID: 38363067 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The modulation of the photophysical properties of di-substituted porphyrin rings upon the oxygen and sulfur-for-nitrogen replacement has been investigated at density functional theory (DFT) and its time-dependent formulation (TDDFT). The considered properties range from structural behaviors and excitation energies to spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and nonradiative intersystem kinetic constants. Results show that the SOC strongly increase upon chalcogen substitution and, accordingly, the computed nonradiative kinetic constant also indicate an efficient singlet-triplet intersystem crossing in the sulfur containing macrocycle. The presented results indicate an alternative way to properly modulate the porphyrin's crucial properties for their use in photodynamic therapy, without resorting to the use of heavy atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wichien Sang-Aroon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Marta Erminia Alberto
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Marirosa Toscano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Nino Russo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
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2
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Malcomson T, Edwards-Yates L, Kerridge A. Tailoring the pore size of expanded porphyrinoids for lanthanide selectivity. RSC Adv 2023; 13:28426-28433. [PMID: 37771918 PMCID: PMC10523133 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05710k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite increase in demand, capacity for the recycling of rare earth elements remains limited, partly due to the inefficiencies with processes currently utilised in the separation of lanthanides. This study highlights the potential use of expanded porphyrinoids in lanthanide separation through selective binding, dependent on the tailored pore size of the macrocycle. Each emerging trend is subjected to multi-factored analysis to decompose the underlying source. Results promote the viability of size-based separation with preferential binding of larger lanthanum(iii) ions to amethyrin and isoamethyrin macrocycles, while smaller macrocycles such as pentaphyrin(0.0.0.0.0) present a preferential binding of lutetium(iii) ions. Additionally, the porphyrin(2.2.2.2) macrocycle shows a selectivity for gadolinium(iii) ions over both larger and smaller ions. An upper limit of applicable pore size is shown to be ≈2.8 Å, beyond which the formed complexes are predicted to be less stable than the corresponding nitrate complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Malcomson
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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Prejanò M, Alberto ME, De Simone BC, Marino T, Toscano M, Russo N. Sulphur- and Selenium-for-Oxygen Replacement as a Strategy to Obtain Dual Type I/Type II Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073153. [PMID: 37049916 PMCID: PMC10095929 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect on the photophysical properties of sulfur- and selenium-for-oxygen replacement in the skeleton of the oxo-4-dimethylaminonaphthalimide molecule (DMNP) has been explored at the density functional (DFT) level of theory. Structural parameters, excitation energies, singlet–triplet energy gaps (ΔES-T), and spin–orbit coupling constants (SOC) have been computed. The determined SOCs indicate an enhanced probability of intersystem crossing (ISC) in both the thio- and seleno-derivatives (SDMNP and SeDMNP, respectively) and, consequently, an enhancement of the singlet oxygen quantum yields. Inspection of Type I reactions reveals that the electron transfer mechanisms leading to the generation of superoxide is feasible for all the compounds, suggesting a dual Type I/Type II activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Prejanò
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Marta Erminia Alberto
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Bruna Clara De Simone
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Tiziana Marino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Marirosa Toscano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Nino Russo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
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Comuzzi C, Marino M, Poletti D, Boaro M, Strazzolini P. New antimicrobial PVC composites. Porphyrins self-aggregation in tuning surface morphologies and photodynamic inactivation towards sustainable water disinfection. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Synthesis, characterization, and photodynamic activity of new antimicrobial PVC based composite materials. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Comuzzi C, Fiorot A, Baggio A, Maifreni M, Strazzolini P, Marino M, Susmel S. Imprinting Pentaphyrin on Conductive Electropolymerized Dipyrromethane Films: A New Strategy towards the Synthesis of Photokilling Materials. Chempluschem 2020; 85:776-782. [PMID: 32202701 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the synthesis and photoinduced bactericidal activity of two new polymeric materials, obtained by imprinting the photosensitizer 20-(4-carboxyphenyl)-2,13-dimethyl-3,12-diethyl-[22]pentaphyrin (PCox, 1) into suitable electropolymerized dipyrromethane films. 5-Phenyl-dipyrromethane (5-ph-DP) and 5-(4-pyridyl)dipyrromethane (5-py-DP) have been selected as the monomers for the synthesis of the materials in order to assess the correlation between the substituent in C5 and the capability in Pcox uptake. Both films have been tested in their photokilling ability toward Staphylococcus aureus by using a multi-LED blue lamp at a fluence rate of 40 W/m2 . Poly-5-py-DP/PCox, with a PCox load of 10-8 mol/cm2 , achieved a 4-log reduction in microbial viability after 60 min of irradiation. The polymeric films proved to be stable over time and under oxidation conditions; in addition, no loss of photosensitizer was observed during the experiments, thus demonstrating that the bactericidal action was effectively brought by the ROS generated by PCox immobilized in the material. After use, the films were recharged with PCox, with almost complete recovery of their photodynamic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Comuzzi
- Department of Agricultural Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 208, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Fiorot
- Department of Agricultural Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 208, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Anna Baggio
- Department of Agricultural Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 208, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Michela Maifreni
- Department of Agricultural Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 208, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Paolo Strazzolini
- Department of Agricultural Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 208, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Marilena Marino
- Department of Agricultural Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 208, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Sabina Susmel
- Department of Agricultural Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 208, 33100, Udine, Italy
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Structure and Photoelectrical Properties of Natural Photoactive Dyes for Solar Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8091697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of natural photoactive dyes, named as D1–D6 were successfully extracted from six kinds of plant leaves for solar cells. The photoelectrical properties of dyes were measured via UV-Vis absorption spectra, cyclic voltammetry as well as photovoltaic measurement. To theoretically reveal the experimental phenomena, the chlorophyll was selected as the reference dye, where the ground and excited state properties of chlorophyll were calculated via density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). The experimental results show that the absorption peaks of those dyes are mainly distributed in the visible light regions of 400–420 nm and 650–700 nm, which are consistent with the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll. The photoelectrical conversion efficiencies of the solar cells sensitized by the six kinds of natural dyes are in the order of D1 > D4 > D2 > D5 > D6 > D3. The dye D1 performance exhibits the highest photoelectrical conversion efficiency of 1.08% among the investigated six natural dyes, with an open circuit voltage of 0.58 V, a short-circuit current density of 2.64 mA cm−2 and a fill factor of 0.70.
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Yoneda T, Hoshino T, Neya S. [24]Pentaphyrin(2.1.1.1.1): A Strongly Antiaromatic Pentaphyrin. J Org Chem 2017; 82:10737-10741. [PMID: 28925261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
[24]Pentaphyrin(2.1.1.1.1) 1 was synthesized by dehydrogenation of dihydropentaphyrin(2.1.1.1.1) 2 as the first example of vinylogous pentaphyrin. Pentaphyrin 1 takes a roughly planar structure and shows strong antiaromatic character, reflecting a 24π-conjugated circuit. In spite of the antiaromatic character and the relatively small circuit, 1 is stable under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Yoneda
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba Unibersity , 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Tyuji Hoshino
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba Unibersity , 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Saburo Neya
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba Unibersity , 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
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Bourouina A, Rekhis M, Trari M. DFT/TD-DFT study of ruthenium bipyridyl-based dyes with a chalcogen donor (X = S, Se, Te), for application as dye-sensitized solar cells. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gotardo F, Cocca LH, Acunha TV, Longoni A, Toldo J, Gonçalves PF, Iglesias BA, De Boni L. Investigating the intersystem crossing rate and triplet quantum yield of Protoporphyrin IX by means of pulse train fluorescence technique. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Abstract
The use of cyclic polyene perimeter-model approaches, such as Gouterman's four-orbital model and Michl's perimeter model, to analyze trends in the electronic structures and optical properties of expanded, contracted, and isomeric porphyrins is described with an emphasis on the use of magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy to validate the results of TD-DFT calculations. Trends in the electronic structures and optical properties of isomeric porphyrins are examined by comparing the properties of porphycenes, corrphycenes, hemiporphycenes, isoporphycenes, N-confused and neoconfused porphyrins, and norroles, whereas those of ring-contracted porphyrins are examined by comparing the properties of subporphyrins, triphyrins, and vacataporphyrins. The ring-expanded compounds that are examined include cyclo[n]pyrroles, [22]pentaphyrins(1.1.1.1.1), sapphyrins, smaragdyrins, isosmaragdyrins, orangarins, ozaphyrins, [26]hexaphyrins(1.1.1.1.1.1), rubyrins, rosarins, amethyrins, isoamethyrins, bronzaphyrins, and doubly N-confused hexaphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Mack
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University , Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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Mazzone G, Alberto ME, De Simone BC, Marino T, Russo N. Can Expanded Bacteriochlorins Act as Photosensitizers in Photodynamic Therapy? Good News from Density Functional Theory Computations. Molecules 2016; 21:288. [PMID: 26938516 PMCID: PMC6273748 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The main photophysical properties of a series of expanded bacteriochlorins, recently synthetized, have been investigated by means of DFT and TD-DFT methods. Absorption spectra computed with different exchange-correlation functionals, B3LYP, M06 and ωB97XD, have been compared with the experimental ones. In good agreement, all the considered systems show a maximum absorption wavelength that falls in the therapeutic window (600-800 nm). The obtained singlet-triplet energy gaps are large enough to ensure the production of cytotoxic singlet molecular oxygen. The computed spin-orbit matrix elements suggest a good probability of intersystem spin-crossing between singlet and triplet excited states, since they result to be higher than those computed for 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (Foscan©) already used in the photodynamic therapy (PDT) protocol. Because of the investigated properties, these expanded bacteriochlorins can be proposed as PDT agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Mazzone
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
| | - Marta E Alberto
- Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Bruna C De Simone
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Marino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
| | - Nino Russo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
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