1
|
Deka R, Kalita DJ. Boosting the Performance of Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Triphenylamine-Based Organic Solar Cells via π-Linker Engineering. J Phys Chem A 2024. [PMID: 38422013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The design and development of novel and efficient donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) type conjugated systems has attracted substantial interest in the field of organic electronics owing to their intriguing properties. In this paper, we have designed seven new and efficient D-π-A type conjugated systems (M1-M7) by a variety of π-linkers with triphenylamine (TPA) as the electron donor and diphenyldiketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) as the electron acceptor using density functional theory (DFT) formalism for organic solar cells (OSCs). The π-linker has been substituted between the donor and acceptor for efficient electron transfer. Here, our primary focus is on narrowing the highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gaps, electronic transition, charge transfer rate, reorganization energies, and the theoretical power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Our study reveals that the designed compounds exhibit excellent charge transfer rates. The absorption properties of the compounds have been examined using the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) method. The TD-DFT study shows that compound M2 possesses the highest absorption maxima with a maximum bathochromic shift. For a better understanding of the electron transport process of our designed compounds, we have designed donor/acceptor (D/A) blends, and each of the developed blends (FREA/M1-M7) can encourage charge carrier separation. According to the photovoltaic performance of the D/A blends, compound FREA-M2, which has a theoretical PCE of 16.53%, is the most appealing choice for use in OSCs. We expect that by thoroughly examining the relationship between structure, characteristics, and performance, this work will serve as a roadmap for future research and development of TPA-DPP-based photovoltaic materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rinki Deka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gauhati, Guwahati 781014, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bora SR, Kalita DJ. End group modulation of A-D-A type small donor molecules for DTP based organic photovoltaic solar cells: a DFT approach. RSC Adv 2023; 13:26418-26429. [PMID: 37671345 PMCID: PMC10476165 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03949h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, five new acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) type small donor molecules C1-C5, have been designed based on the central D unit, dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole (DTP). Besides, five different A units, viz. 1,1-dicyano-methylene-5,6-dimethyl-3-indanone, 1,1-dicyano-methylene-5,6-difluoro-3-indanone, 1,1-dicyano-methylene-5,6-dichloro-3-indanone, 1,1-dicyano-methylene-5-nitro-3-indanone, and 1,1-dicyano-methylene-5,6-diamino-3-indanone are selected for these designed compounds C1-C5, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) methods have been employed to study the influence of different A units on the geometric, electronic, optical, charge transport and photovoltaic properties of the designed donor molecules. The results reveal that the performance of the designed donor molecules have been improved on attachment of the strong electron withdrawing A units. The observed reorganization energy (λ) values infer the electron donating nature of the designed compounds. Moreover, the absorption properties of the designed compounds manifest that compound C4 possesses the high values of maximum wavelength (λmax) in both gas and solvent phases. The properties of the D/A blends reveal that all designed blends C1-C5/C60-CN, have the capacity to promote charge carrier separation at the D/A interface. Further, the photovoltaic performance of the D/A complexes also reveal that complex C4/C60-CN, with a theoretical PCE of 18%, can be considered as the most promising candidate for application in OSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smiti Rani Bora
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University Guwahati-781014 India
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chutia T, Kalita DJ. Theoretical investigation of fused N-methyl-dithieno-pyrrole derivatives in the context of acceptor-donor-acceptor approach. RSC Adv 2022; 12:14422-14434. [PMID: 35702239 PMCID: PMC9096627 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01820a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we have theoretically investigated the optoelectronic properties of a series of acceptor-donor-acceptor type molecules by employing density functional theory formalism. We have used 1,1-dicyano-methylene-3-indanone as the acceptor unit and a fused N-methyl-dithieno-pyrrole as the donor unit. We have calculated the values of dihedral angle, inter-ring bond length, bond length alteration parameters, HOMO-LUMO gap, ionization potential, electron affinity, partial density of states, reorganization energies for holes and electrons, charge transfer rate for holes and electrons of the seven types of compounds designed via molecular engineering. Calculated IP and EA values manifest that PBDB-C2 shows excellent charge transportation compared to others. Absorption spectra of the designed compounds have been studied using the time-dependent density functional theory method. From the calculation of reorganization energy it is confirmed that our designed molecules behave more likely as donor materials. Our calculated results also reveal that compounds with electron donating substituents at the acceptor units show higher value of λ max. Absorption spectra of donor/acceptor blends show similar trends with the isolated compounds. Observed lower exciton binding energy values for all the compounds indicate facile charge carrier separation at the donor/acceptor interface. Moreover, the negative values of Gibb's free energy change also indicate the ease of exciton dissociation of all the designed compounds. The photovoltaic characteristics of the studied compounds infer that all the designed compounds have the potential to become suitable candidate for the fabrication of organic semiconductors. However, PBDB-C2 and PBDB-C4 with the highest PCE of 18.25% can become the best candidate for application in photovoltaics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tridip Chutia
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University Guwahati-781014 India
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chutia T, Kalita DJ. First-principles insight into the structural and optoelectronic properties of Sn- and Pb-based hybrid halide perovskites for photovoltaic applications. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2037772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tridip Chutia
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bora SR, Kalita DJ. Hopping transport in perylene diimide based organic solar cells: a DFT approach. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03429h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a series of donor–π–acceptor (D–π–A) type oligomers were investigated for their structural and electronic properties through density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent-DFT (TD-DFT) calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smiti Rani Bora
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Samaher C, Mourad C, Alimi K. Theoretical investigations about the effect of electron-withdrawing groups on proprieties of A-π-D-π-A type small molecules donor for organic solar cells. J Mol Model 2021; 27:54. [PMID: 33507405 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04654-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Taking the reporting donor SM0 as reference, three new A-π-D-π-A type small molecules donors (SM1, SM2, and SM3) were designed via replacing acceptor moieties. The molecular proprieties affecting the cell performance, such as, frontier molecular orbital, open circuit voltage (Voc), absorption spectrum, vertical and adiabatic ionization potential, vertical and adiabatic electronic affinity, and energy driving force ΔEL-L were investigated through the density functional theory (DFT) and the time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). All new designed molecules exhibit reduced energy gap, show a red shift absorption band, small energy binding Eb, moderate Voc, and improve the creation of hole and electron as compared to SM0, which demonstrate that these new designed molecules could be used as a promising donors materials for organic solar cell. Additionally, the three new designed molecules present a larger amount charge transfer qCT, a longer length charge transfer DCT than SM0 and have a smaller reorganization energy of hole λ(h) which improve the charge carrier mobilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chebil Samaher
- Laboratoire de Recherche: Synthèse asymétriques Et ingénierie moléculaires des matériaux Nouveaux Pour L'électronique Organique (LR 18ES19) Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir-Tunisie, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Chemek Mourad
- Laboratoire de Recherche: Synthèse asymétriques Et ingénierie moléculaires des matériaux Nouveaux Pour L'électronique Organique (LR 18ES19) Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir-Tunisie, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Alimi
- Laboratoire de Recherche: Synthèse asymétriques Et ingénierie moléculaires des matériaux Nouveaux Pour L'électronique Organique (LR 18ES19) Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir-Tunisie, Monastir, Tunisia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ahmed S, Bora SR, Chutia T, Kalita DJ. Structural modulation of phenothiazine and coumarin based derivatives for high performance dye sensitized solar cells: a theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:13190-13203. [PMID: 34085069 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00036e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of dyes with the D-π-A architecture has been designed and studied for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). We have used phenothiazine (PTZ) and coumarin (COU) derivatives as the donor unit and benzopyrrole (BTZ) and 2-methyl-2H-isoindole-1,3-(3aH,7aH)-diene (IND) as the acceptor unit along with the azomethine group and thiophene ring as the π-spacer unit. Three electron donating groups viz. -CH3, -NH2, and -OH and four electron withdrawing groups viz. -CF3, -COCl, -F and -NO2 have been attached at the donor and the acceptor units respectively of the four unsubstituted dyes COU-BTZ, PTZ-BTZ, COU-IND and PTZ-IND. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) methods have been employed to investigate the structural, electronic and photochemical properties of these dyes. The study reveals that the unsubstituted dye PTZ-BTZ possesses the lowest value of ΔH-L. Our study also reveals that attachment of the -NO2 group at the acceptor unit lowers the ΔH-L values of all the dye molecules. We have observed that the excited state oxidation potential (ESOP) of all the dyes lies above the conduction band of the TiO2 semiconducting surface. However, the ground state oxidation potential (GSOP) of most of the dyes belonging to the COU-BTZ and COU-IND groups lies below the redox potential of the I-/I3- redox couple. The total reorganization energy (λtot) values of the COU-BTZ and COU-IND groups of dyes are observed to be low compared to the other groups of dyes. The study of the charge transport properties of the dyes confirms that the designed dyes will act as electron transport materials. The absorption properties of the dyes show that the COU-BTZ group of dyes possesses the maximum values of the absorption wavelength (λmax values) and attaching the -NO2 group at the acceptor unit shifts the λmax values of all the dyes to the longer region. From the study of the electronic properties of the dye-TiO2 complexes it has been observed that the performance of the dyes has been enhanced compared to the isolated dye molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, India.
| | - Smiti Rani Bora
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, India.
| | - Tridip Chutia
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ahmed S, Kalita DJ. Rational design of BODIPY-carbazole analogues in the context of D-π-A approach for facile charge transport: A DFT/TD-DFT study. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 100:107631. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
9
|
Ahmed S, Kalita DJ. End-capped group manipulation of non-fullerene acceptors for efficient organic photovoltaic solar cells: a DFT study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:23586-23596. [PMID: 33057497 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03814h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A series of acceptors, S1-S5, has been designed based on the acceptor-π-donor-π-acceptor (A-π-D-π-A) architecture by incorporating a phenothiazine unit as the central donor unit. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) methods have been employed to study the effect of various end-capped groups on the geometric, electronic, optical and charge transport properties of the designed acceptor molecules. The results reveal that on increasing the electron-withdrawing nature of the end-capped groups, the performance of the acceptor molecules increases. It is also observed that on increasing the flexibility of the end-capped groups, the planarity of the molecules gets destroyed and, as a result, the performance of the acceptor molecules decreases. The investigated molecules exhibit high electron affinity (EA) and low reorganization energy for electrons (λ-), indicating the electron acceptor nature of the designed molecules. The absorption properties of the molecules manifest that compounds S2-S4 possess high values of the maximum wavelength (λmax) of absorption. We have also studied the properties of a D/A active layer by considering PffBT4T-2OD as the electron donor and arranging PffBT4T-2OD/S1-S5 molecules in a face to face manner. Properties of the D/A blend indicate that molecules S2-S4 have capacity to promote charge carrier separation at the D/A active layer. Our results provide guidelines for further designing of acceptors to enhance the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ahmed S, Mushahary BC, Kalita DJ. Rational Design of Bay-Annulated Indigo (BAI)-Based Oligomers for Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells: A Density Functional Theory (DFT) Study. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:8321-8333. [PMID: 32309743 PMCID: PMC7161070 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we have designed a series of oligomers based on the donor-acceptor concept. Here, acceptor bay-annulated indigo (BAI) dye and donor N-methyl-4,5-diazacarbazole (DAC) are joined by a thiophene linkage. We have substituted the 5th and 5'th positions of the acceptor unit and the 2nd position of the donor unit with various electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups to study various structural and electronic properties of the compounds. In this regard, we have calculated the dihedral angle, distortion energy, bond length alteration (BLA) parameters, bang gap (Δ H - L ) values, partial density of states (PDOS), electrostatic potential (ESP) surface analysis, reorganization energy, charge transfer rates, hopping mobility values, and absorption spectra of the compounds. The ESP plots of the compounds indicate significant charge separation in the studied compounds. Our study manifests that the designed compounds are prone to facile charge transport.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ahmed S, Dutta R, Kalita DJ. Strategical designing of diketopyrrolopyrrole-thiophene based donor-acceptor type organic oligomers and study their transport properties: A DFT/TD-DFT perspective. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
12
|
Ahmed S, Kalita DJ. Charge transport in isoindigo-dithiophenepyrrole based D-A type oligomers: A DFT/TD-DFT study for the fabrication of fullerene-free organic solar cells. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:234906. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5055306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Luo D, Jin R. Theoretical characterisation and design of D–π–A star-shaped molecules with triphenylamine as core and diketopyrrolopyrroles as arms for organic solar cells. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1549337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chifeng University, Chifeng, People’s Republic of China
- People’s Republic of China, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Chifeng University, China
| | - Ruifa Jin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chifeng University, Chifeng, People’s Republic of China
- People’s Republic of China, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Chifeng University, China
| |
Collapse
|