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Jia Q, Dahms HU, Wang L. Detection of Metallothionein Proteins by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:544-554. [DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666191127124629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are low-molecular-weight, cysteine-rich proteins that bind to heavy
metals. MTs play a key role in the homeostasis of metal ions, maintaining intracellular redox equilibria
and free radical scavenging. In several studies, under different conditions such as cancer development,
drug therapy and heavy metal stress, the unique structural changes and functional effects of MT were
studied. Although several assays are available to monitor the content and type of Metallothionein (MT)
from environmental samples or in biomedical assays, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA)
became the preferred method of MT detection. ELISA is low in cost, specific, simple, and efficient.
This review evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of using different types of ELISA in the
detection of metallothioneins from environmental or clinical samples as well as ways of its validation
and cross-validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Jia
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Hans-Uwe Dahms
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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2
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Krasnići N, Dragun Z, Kazazić S, Muharemović H, Erk M, Jordanova M, Rebok K, Kostov V. Characterization and identification of selected metal-binding biomolecules from hepatic and gill cytosols of Vardar chub (Squalius vardarensis Karaman, 1928) using various techniques of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Metallomics 2019; 11:1060-1078. [DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00036d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Metals play crucial physiological roles, but they can also cause irreparable toxic effects through binding to important cellular biomolecules in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrete Krasnići
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research
- Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals
- 10002 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Zrinka Dragun
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research
- Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals
- 10002 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Snježana Kazazić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- Division of Physical Chemistry
- Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Functional Proteomics
- 10002 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Hasan Muharemović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- Division of Physical Chemistry
- Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Functional Proteomics
- 10002 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Marijana Erk
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research
- Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals
- 10002 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Maja Jordanova
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics
- Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje
- 1000 Skopje
- Macedonia
| | - Katerina Rebok
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics
- Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje
- 1000 Skopje
- Macedonia
| | - Vasil Kostov
- Institute of Animal Sciences
- 1000 Skopje
- Macedonia
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3
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Gomes Silva AP, da Silva Araujo Santiago M, Maranho LA, de Oliveira RP, Constantino DHJ, Pereira CDS, da Silva RCB, Perobelli JE. Could male reproductive system be the main target of subchronic exposure to manganese in adult animals? Toxicology 2018; 409:1-12. [PMID: 29990519 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is one of the most common chemical elements on Earth and an essential micronutrient in animal organism. However, in supraphysiological levels and long-term exposures, it is a potential toxicant. Although nervous system is the most studied in relation to Mn toxicity, other tissues can have their function impaired by Mn in high doses. The present study investigated the possible adverse effects of subchronic exposure to supraphysiologic level of Mn (5 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) on reproductive, neurobehavioral, renal and hepatic parameters of male rats. For the first time, the vulnerability of these parameters to Mn was concomitantly investigated. While our results demonstrate that Mn treatments were not sufficient to produce a marked effect of neurotoxic, hepatotoxic or renal toxicity in adult rats, we found typical indicators of reproductive toxicity such as histopathological changes (major in testes and epididymis) and impaired sperm concentration and quality. Mn, under these experimental conditions, seems to exert reproductive toxicity by different testicular mechanisms, i.e. direct and indirect action on germ cells. On the other hand, exposure to Mn did not change the pattern of cognitive and emotional behaviors and the histological organization of kidneys of experimental rats. The liver showed a weight increasement and hidropic degeneration, probable due to the detoxification overload. In summary, for the first time it was demonstrated that adult male reproductive system was more sensitive to Mn toxicity than nervous, hepatic and renal systems, although nervous system is known as the main target tissue of this metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Priscila Gomes Silva
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Experimental-LATOEX, Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcella da Silva Araujo Santiago
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Experimental-LATOEX, Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luciane Alves Maranho
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rodolpho Pereira de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Psicobiologia da Esquizofrenia, Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Camilo Dias Seabra Pereira
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Regina Cláudia Barbosa da Silva
- Laboratório de Psicobiologia da Esquizofrenia, Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Elaine Perobelli
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Experimental-LATOEX, Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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4
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Absolute quantification of superoxide dismutase in cytosol and mitochondria of mice hepatic cells exposed to mercury by a novel metallomic approach. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 842:42-50. [PMID: 25127650 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the last years, the development of new methods for analyzing accurate and precise individual metalloproteins is of increasing importance, since numerous metalloproteins are excellent biomarkers of oxidative stress and diseases. In that way, methods based on the use of post column isotopic dilution analysis (IDA) or enriched protein standards are required to obtain a sufficient degree of accuracy, precision and high limits of detection. This paper reports the identification and absolute quantification of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) in cytosol and mitochondria from mice hepatic cells using a innovative column switching analytical approach. The method consisted of orthogonal chromatographic systems coupled to inductively coupling plasma-mass spectrometry equipped with a octopole reaction systems (ICP-ORS-MS) and UV detectors: size exclusion fractionation (SEC) of the cytosolic and mitochondrial extracts followed by online anion exchange chromatographic (AEC) separation of Cu/Zn containing species. After purification, Cu,Zn-SOD was identified after tryptic digestion by molecular mass spectrometry (MS). The MS/MS spectrum of a doubly charged peptide was used to obtain the sequence of the protein using the MASCOT searching engine. This optimized methodology reduces the time of analysis and avoids the use of sample preconcentration and clean-up procedures, such as cut-off centrifuged filters, solid phase extraction (SPE), precipitation procedures, off-line fractions insolates, etc. In this sense, the method is robust, reliable and fast with typical chromatographic run time less than 20 min. Precision in terms of relative standard deviation (n = 5) is of 3-5% and detection limits is 0.21 ngCug(-1). The application of the methodology to hepatic cells from mice exposed to inorganic mercury reveals decreased levels of Cu,Zn-SOD in cytosolic and mitochondrial extracts, as a consequence of the oxidative stress caused by this toxic metal. Additionally, the quantification of mitochondrial Cu,Zn-SOD in hepatic cells from Mus musculus has been carried out for the first time.
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5
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Jara-Biedma R, González-Dominguez R, García-Barrera T, Lopez-Barea J, Pueyo C, Gómez-Ariza JL. Evolution of metallotionein isoforms complexes in hepatic cells of Mus musculus along cadmium exposure. Biometals 2013; 26:639-50. [PMID: 23793301 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-013-9636-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of Cd-binding proteins has great analytical interest due to the high toxicity of Cd to living organisms. Metallothioneins (MTs), as Cd(II)-binding proteins are of increasing interest, since they form very stable Cd chelates and are involved in many detoxification processes. In this work, inductively coupled plasma octopole reaction cell mass spectrometry and nanospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry were used in parallel and combined with two-dimensional chromatography: size exclusion followed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, to study metal complexes of MT isoforms produced in hepatic cytosols of Mus musculus during exposure experiments to Cd. Exposure experiments were carried out by subcutaneous injection of a growing dose of the toxic element ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 mg of Cd per kg of body weight per day during 10 days. A control group and three exposure groups at days 2, 6 and 10 of exposure were studied, and different cadmium, copper and zinc complexes with MTs isoforms were isolated and characterized from the two most exposed groups. The results allow gaining insight into the mechanisms involved in metal detoxification by MTs, showing the changes in the stoichiometry of metal complexes-MTs along cadmium exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jara-Biedma
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmenm, Fuerzas Armadas Ave., 21007 Huelva, Spain
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6
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Metrology for metalloproteins—where are we now, where are we heading? Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:5697-723. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6933-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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7
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González-Fernández M, García-Barrera T, Gómez-Ariza JL. Molecular mass spectrometric identification of superoxide dismutase in the liver of mice Mus musculus and Mus spretus using a metallomics analytical approach. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:2779-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5260-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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8
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Michalke B, Nischwitz V. Review on metal speciation analysis in cerebrospinal fluid—current methods and results: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 682:23-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Maret W. Fluorescent probes for the structure and function of metallothionein. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:3378-83. [PMID: 19589737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2009] [Revised: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence methods have been instrumental in demonstrating that the structure of human metallothionein in vivo depends on the availability of metal ions and the redox environment. Differential chemical modifications of its cysteine thiols with fluorescent probes allowed determination of three states: metallothionein (zinc-bound thiolate), thionein (free thiols), and thionin (disulfides). Interrogation of its zinc-binding properties with fluorescent chelating agents revealed that the affinities for the seven zinc ions vary over four orders of magnitude. Attachment of fluorescent labels generated metallothionein FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) sensors for investigating its structure and function in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Maret
- Departments of Preventive Medicine & Community Health and Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1109, USA.
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10
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Cuyckens F, Balcaen LIL, De Wolf K, De Samber B, Van Looveren C, Hurkmans R, Vanhaecke F. Use of the bromine isotope ratio in HPLC-ICP-MS and HPLC-ESI-MS analysis of a new drug in development. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 390:1717-29. [PMID: 18172622 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1761-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Revised: 11/15/2007] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A combination of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was deployed for the metabolite profiling and metabolite identification of a new antituberculosis compound (R207910, also known as TMC207) that is currently in drug development. R207910 contains one bromine atom, allowing the detection by ICP-MS. Fluctuations in the Br sensitivity caused by the HPLC gradient were counteracted by the use of species-unspecific isotope dilution. In order to evaluate the method developed, the results obtained were compared with those acquired via radioactivity detection. HPLC-ESI-MS was used for the structural identification of R207910 and its metabolites. The (79)Br/(81)Br isotope ratio is also valuable in the search for metabolites in the complex background of endogenous compounds obtained using HPLC-ESI-MS analyses. Data-dependent scanning using isotope recognition with an ion trap mass spectrometer or processing of Q-Tof data provides HPLC-ICP-MS-like "bromatograms". The combination of accurate mass measurements and the fragmentation behavior in the MS(2) spectra obtained using the Q-Tof Ultima mass spectrometer or MS(n) spectra acquired using the LTQ-Orbitrap allowed structural characterization of the main metabolites of R207910 in methanolic dog and rat faeces extracts taken 0-24 h post-dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Cuyckens
- Global Preclinical Development, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical R&D, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
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11
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Wang R, Sens DA, Albrecht A, Garrett S, Somji S, Sens MA, Lu X. Simple method for identification of metallothionein isoforms in cultured human prostate cells by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2007; 79:4433-41. [PMID: 17497826 PMCID: PMC4276256 DOI: 10.1021/ac062309s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present paper describes a rapid method for identification and characterization of human metallothionein (MT) isoforms in complex cell cultures using high-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF). In the proposed method, the sample preparation of MTs from cultured cells is both simple and fast. It is accomplished by trypsin cleavage of cell proteins into small peptide species, the majority of which are subsequently removed by gel filtration using beads with an exclusion limit of 4000 Da. In contrast to most cell proteins, MTs remain intact (undigested) upon being treated with trypsin, being excluded by the gel beads and thus recovered by low-speed centrifugation. To identify the protein constitutes of the MT preparation, the MT sample is divided into two parts, one for intact protein accurate mass measurement, the other for tryptic digestion followed by MS and MS/MS analyses. In the latter case, the MT proteins are denatured by the addition of EDTA which strips heavy metals from MTs and renders them susceptible to tryptic digestion. The obtained accurate mass with the unique peptide sequences of each MT isoform allows for unambiguous identification of MT isoforms in the prepared mixture. The method has been applied to RWPE-1 cells derived from normal human prostate epithelium. Four MT isoforms, 1E, 1G, 1X, and 2A, have been confidently identified, being primarily acetylated at N-termini. These results are in agreement with the expression of MT mRNAs in RWPE-1 cells determined by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongying Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Science, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202
- Proteomics Core Facility, School of Medicine and Health Science, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202
| | - Donald A. Sens
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Science, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202
| | - Amy Albrecht
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Science, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202
| | - Scott Garrett
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Science, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202
| | - Seema Somji
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Science, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202
| | - Mary Ann Sens
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Science, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202
| | - Xiaoning Lu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Science, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202
- Proteomics Core Facility, School of Medicine and Health Science, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Xiaoning Lu, University of North Dakota, SOMHS, 501 N. Columbia Road, RM 3573, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037, Phone: 701-777-0389, Fax: 701-777-3108,
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12
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Carpenè E, Andreani G, Isani G. Metallothionein functions and structural characteristics. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2007; 21 Suppl 1:35-9. [PMID: 18039494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2007.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are low molecular weight proteins characterized by a high cysteine content and give rise to metal-thiolate clusters. Most MTs have two metal clusters containing three and four bivalent metal ions, respectively. The MT gene family in mammals consists of four subfamilies designated MT-1 through MT-4. MT-3 is expressed predominantly in brain and MT-4 in differentiating stratified squamous epithelial cells. Many reports have addressed MT structure and function, but despite the increasing experimental data several topics remain to be clarified, and the true function of this elusive protein has yet to be disclosed. Owing to their induction by a variety of stimuli, MTs are considered valid biomarkers in medicine and environmental studies. Here, we will discuss only a few topics taken from the latest literature. Special emphasis will be placed on MT antioxidant functions, the related oxidation of cysteines, which can give rise to intra/intermolecular bridges, and the relations between MTs and diseases which could be originated by metal dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Carpenè
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40024 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
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Andón B, Barbosa J, Sanz-Nebot V. Separation and characterization of rabbit liver apothioneins by capillary electrophoresis coupled to electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:3661-70. [PMID: 16927421 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The present study establishes a method for the separation and characterization of rabbit liver metallothionein (MT) subisoforms by capillary electrophoresis coupled to electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-TOF-MS) via a sheath-flow interface. Directly coupled-CE-MS enables the extraction of specific molecular weight information and thereby facilitates the identification of peaks when no reference materials are available, as in the case of MT subisoforms. The analysis described here revealed the presence of the apothioneins MT-1a, MT-2d, and MT-2e, belonging to MT-I sample, and MT-2a, MT-2b, and MT-2c, belonging to MT-II. Several non-N-acetylated forms were also detected as traces appearing with their respective acetylated forms in both samples. Similar results were found when MALDI-TOF experiments were performed, identifying all the sequenced rabbit liver MTs as apo-MT-forms, as in the CE-ESI-MS coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balbina Andón
- Departament Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Kaltashov IA, Zhang M, Eyles SJ, Abzalimov RR. Investigation of structure, dynamics and function of metalloproteins with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 386:472-81. [PMID: 16932945 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0636-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2006] [Revised: 06/06/2006] [Accepted: 06/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS) has emerged recently as a powerful tool for analyzing many structural and behavioral aspects of metalloproteins in great detail. In this review we discuss recent developments in the field, placing particular emphasis on the unique features of ESI MS that lend themselves to metalloprotein characterization at a variety of levels. Direct mass measurement enables the determination of protein-metal ion binding stoichiometry in solution and metalloprotein higher order structure in the case of multi-subunit proteins. MS techniques have been developed for determining the locations of metal-binding centers, metal oxidation states and reaction intermediates of metal-containing enzymes. Other ESI MS techniques are also discussed, such as protein ion charge state distributions and hydrogen/deuterium exchange studies, which can be used to measure metal binding affinities and to shed light on vital dynamic aspects of the functional properties of metalloproteins endowed by metal binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Kaltashov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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15
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Kameo S, Nakai K, Kurokawa N, Kanehisa T, Naganuma A, Satoh H. Metal components analysis of metallothionein-III in the brain sections of metallothionein-I and metallothionein-II null mice exposed to mercury vapor with HPLC/ICP-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 381:1514-9. [PMID: 15782327 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-3157-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2004] [Revised: 01/31/2005] [Accepted: 02/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mercury vapor is effectively absorbed via inhalation and easily passes through the blood-brain barrier; therefore, mercury poisoning with primarily central nervous system symptoms occurs. Metallothionein (MT) is a cysteine-rich metal-binding protein and plays a protective role in heavy-metal poisoning and it is associated with the metabolism of trace elements. Two MT isoforms, MT-I and MT-II, are expressed coordinately in all mammalian tissues, whereas MT-III is a brain-specific member of the MT family. MT-III binds zinc and copper physiologically and is seemed to have important neurophysiological and neuromodulatory functions. The MT functions and metal components of MTs in the brain after mercury vapor exposure are of much interest; however, until now they have not been fully examined. In this study, the influences of the lack of MT-I and MT-II on mercury accumulation in the brain and the changes of zinc and copper concentrations and metal components of MTs were examined after mercury vapor exposure by using MT-I, II null mice and 129/Sv (wild-type) mice as experimental animals. MT-I, II null mice and wild-type mice were exposed to mercury vapor or an air stream for 2 h and were killed 24 h later. The brain was dissected into the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum, and the hippocampus. The concentrations of mercury in each brain section were determined by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. The concentrations of mercury, copper, and zinc in each brain section were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The mercury accumulated in brains after mercury vapor exposure for MT-I, II null mice and wild-type mice. The mercury levels of MT-I, II null mice in each brain section were significantly higher than those of wild-type mice after mercury vapor exposure. A significant change of zinc concentrations with the following mercury vapor exposure for MT-I, II null mice was observed only in the cerebellum analyzed by two-way analysis of variance. As for zinc, the copper concentrations only changed significantly in the cerebellum. Metal components of metal-binding proteins of soluble fractions in the brain sections were analyzed by size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) connected with ICP-MS. From the results of HPLC/ICP-MS analyses, it was concluded that the mercury components of MT-III and high molecular weight metal-binding proteins in the cerebellum of MT-I, II null mice were much higher than those of wild-type mice. It was suggested that MT-III is associated with the storage of mercury in conditions lacking MT-I, and MT-II. It was also suggested that the physiological role of MT-III and some kind of high molecular weight proteins might be impaired by exposure to mercury vapor and lack of MT-I and MT-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Kameo
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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16
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Effect of technological processing and maturity stage of seeds on the content and speciation of phosphorus and trace elements in peas. Food Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Boulyga SF, Loreti V, Bettmer J, Heumann KG. Application of SEC-ICP-MS for comparative analyses of metal-containing species in cancerous and healthy human thyroid samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2004; 380:198-203. [PMID: 15278339 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-004-2699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2004] [Revised: 05/25/2004] [Accepted: 05/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) was coupled on-line to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for speciation study of trace metals in cancerous thyroid tissues in comparison to healthy thyroids aimed to estimation of changes in metalloprotein speciation in pathological tissue. The study showed a presence of species binding Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in healthy thyroid tissue with a good reproducibility of chromatographic results, whereas the same species could not be detected in cancerous tissues. Thus, remarkable differences with respect to metal-binding species were revealed between healthy and pathological thyroid samples, pointing out a completely different distribution of trace metals in cancerous tissues. The metal-binding species could not be identified in the frame of this work because of a lack of appropriate standards. Nevertheless, the results obtained confirm the suitability of SEC-ICP-MS for monitoring of changes in trace metal distribution in cancerous tissue and will help to better understand the role of metal-containing species in thyroid pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei F Boulyga
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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Sanz-Nebot V, Andón B, Barbosa J. Characterization of metallothionein isoforms from rabbit liver by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 796:379-93. [PMID: 14581077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs), a group of low molecular weight proteins found in practically all life forms, are characterized by high sulfur content and an affinity for metal ions. At acidic pH, MTs show metal depletion, leading to apothioneins. In the work described here, in order to optimize the separation of rabbit liver apothioneins using liquid chromatography (LC) with UV detection, the proportion of the organic modifier of the mobile phase was optimized by establishing relationships between Reichardt's E(N)(T) scale of solvent polarity and the chromatographic retention measured by the capacity factor, k. Additionally, such optimum separations were carried out in a LC-electrospray mass spectrometry (ES-MS) coupled system allowing the identification and characterization of the different rabbit liver apo-MT-forms. In this way, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry offers great possibilities aiming at a better understanding of metallothionein polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sanz-Nebot
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Div. de Ciències Exp. i Matemàtiques, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2003; 38:905-916. [PMID: 12938112 DOI: 10.1002/jms.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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Richarz AN, Wolf C, Brätter P. Determination of protein-bound trace elements in human cell cytosols of different organs and different pathological states. Analyst 2003; 128:640-5. [PMID: 12866881 DOI: 10.1039/b300299n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the human body, there exists over 200 different cell types, which differ in size and structure and have specialised functions in the organism. Therefore it can be assumed that these different cells also contain different proteins necessary to carry out the respective specialised functions. This supposed different metalloprotein composition in different human organs cannot be demonstrated by determination of total element concentrations. Therefore investigations of the different protein-bound forms of the elements were achieved by speciation analysis: The biomolecules were separated by size exclusion chromatography and the elements detected on-line in the eluate by a hyphenated inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). For the interpretation of the obtained element profiles, an identification of the signals and their assignment to different metalloproteins was necessary. This identification was carried out by means of specific protein assays, i.e. enzymatic assays or immunochemical reactions, in collected fractions of the chromatographic separations. A comparison of the element binding pattern in cytosols of different human organs was then possible. The optimised method was applied to tissue cytosols of different human organs. As expected, the element patterns varied for different organs of the same patient and for the same organ of patients with different diseases. Metalloproteins and their bound metals could consequently be considered as biological markers for physiological differences or pathological changes in human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea-Nicole Richarz
- Hahn-Meitner-Institut Berlin, Dept. SF6, Glienicker Str. 100, D-14109 Berlin, Germany.
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Mandal R, Jiang G, Li XF. Direct evidence for co-binding of cisplatin and cadmium to a native zinc- and cadmium-containing metallothionein. Appl Organomet Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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