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Cavalera S, Anfossi L, Di Nardo F, Baggiani C. Mycotoxins-Imprinted Polymers: A State-of-the-Art Review. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:47. [PMID: 38251263 PMCID: PMC10818578 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites of molds which can contaminate food and beverages. Because of their acute and chronic toxicity, they can have harmful effects when ingested or inhaled, posing severe risks to human health. Contemporary analytical methods have the sensitivity required for contamination detection and quantification, but the direct application of these methods on real samples is not straightforward because of matrix complexity, and clean-up and preconcentration steps are needed, more and more requiring the application of highly selective solid-phase extraction materials. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are artificial receptors mimicking the natural antibodies that are increasingly being used as a solid phase in extraction methods where selectivity towards target analytes is mandatory. In this review, the state-of-the-art about molecularly imprinted polymers as solid-phase extraction materials in mycotoxin contamination analysis will be discussed, with particular attention paid to the use of mimic molecules in the synthesis of mycotoxin-imprinted materials, to the application of these materials to food real samples, and to the development of advanced extraction methods involving molecular imprinting technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Claudio Baggiani
- Laboratory of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (L.A.); (F.D.N.)
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2
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Dou M, Wang S, Li W, Li Q, Xu J, Li J. High-performance molecularly imprinted polymers grafted magnetic photonic crystal microspheres for selective enrichment of Ochratoxin A. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1695:463932. [PMID: 36972663 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Development of selective enrichment materials for the accurate analysis of ochratoxin a (OTA) in environmental and food samples is an effective way to protect human health. Here, a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) known as plastic antibody was synthesized onto the magnetic inverse opal photonic crystal microsphere (MIPCM) using a low-cost dummy template imprinting strategy targeting OTA. The MIP@MIPCM exhibited ultrahigh selectivity with an imprinting factor of 130, high specificity with cross-reactivity factors of 3.3-10.5, and large adsorption capacity of 60.5 μg/mg. Such MIP@MIPCM was used for selective capture of OTA in real samples which was quantified in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography, giving a wide linear detection range of 5-20,000 ng/mL, a detection limit of 0.675 ng/mL, and good recovery rates of 84-116%. Moreover, the MIP@MIPCM can be produced simply and rapidly and is very stable under different environmental conditions and easy to store and transport, so it is an ideal substitute of biological antibody modified materials for the selective enrichment of OTA in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghua Dou
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Siwei Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Li
- Medical Imaging Center the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangdong 510627, China
| | - Qianjin Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jianhong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Jianlin Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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3
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Liu Y, Su Z, Wang J, Gong Z, Lyu H, Xie Z. Molecularly imprinted polymer with mixed-mode mechanism for selective extraction and on-line detection of ochratoxin A in beer sample. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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4
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Delaunay N, Combès A, Pichon V. Immunoaffinity Extraction and Alternative Approaches for the Analysis of Toxins in Environmental, Food or Biological Matrices. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12120795. [PMID: 33322240 PMCID: PMC7764248 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12120795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of instrumentation in terms of separation and detection allowed a real improvement of the sensitivity and analysis time. However, the analysis of ultra-traces of toxins in complex samples requires often a step of purification and even preconcentration before their chromatographic analysis. Therefore, immunoaffinity sorbents based on specific antibodies thus providing a molecular recognition mechanism appear as powerful tools for the selective extraction of a target molecule and its structural analogs to obtain more reliable and sensitive quantitative analysis in environmental, food or biological matrices. This review focuses on immunosorbents that have proven their efficiency in selectively extracting various types of toxins of various sizes (from small mycotoxins to large proteins) and physicochemical properties. Immunosorbents are now commercially available, and their use has been validated for numerous applications. The wide variety of samples to be analyzed, as well as extraction conditions and their impact on extraction yields, is discussed. In addition, their potential for purification and thus suppression of matrix effects, responsible for quantification problems especially in mass spectrometry, is presented. Due to their similar properties, molecularly imprinted polymers and aptamer-based sorbents that appear to be an interesting alternative to antibodies are also briefly addressed by comparing their potential with that of immunosorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Delaunay
- Department of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization (LSABM), CBI ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France; (N.D.); (A.C.)
| | - Audrey Combès
- Department of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization (LSABM), CBI ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France; (N.D.); (A.C.)
| | - Valérie Pichon
- Department of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization (LSABM), CBI ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France; (N.D.); (A.C.)
- Department of Chemistry, Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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Selective tools for the solid-phase extraction of Ochratoxin A from various complex samples: immunosorbents, oligosorbents, and molecularly imprinted polymers. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:6983-99. [PMID: 27585915 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9886-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of instrumentation in terms of separation and detection has allowed a real improvement of the sensitivity and the analysis time. However, the analysis of ultra-traces of toxins such as ochratoxin A (OTA) from complex samples (foodstuffs, biological fluids…) still requires a step of purification and of preconcentration before chromatographic determination. In this context, extraction sorbents leading to a molecular recognition mechanism appear as powerful tools for the selective extraction of OTA and of its structural analogs in order to obtain more reliable and sensitive quantitative analyses of these compounds in complex media. Indeed, immunosorbents and oligosorbents that are based on the use of immobilized antibodies and of aptamers, respectively, and that are specific to OTA allow its selective clean-up from complex samples with high enrichment factors. Similar molecular recognition mechanisms can also be obtained by developing molecularly imprinted polymers, the synthesis of which leads to the formation of cavities that are specific to OTA, thus mimicking the recognition site of the biomolecules. Therefore, the principle, the advantages, the limits of these different types of extraction tools, and their complementary behaviors will be presented. The introduction of these selective tools in miniaturized devices will also be discussed.
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Man-Made Synthetic Receptors for Capture and Analysis of Ochratoxin A. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:4083-98. [PMID: 26473924 PMCID: PMC4626722 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7104083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Contemporary analytical methods have the sensitivity required for Ochratoxin A detection and quantification, but direct application of these methods on real samples can be rarely performed because of matrix complexity. Thus, efficient sample pre-treatment methods are needed. Recent years have seen the increasing use of artificial recognition systems as a viable alternative to natural receptors, because these materials seem to be particularly suitable for applications where selectivity for Ochratoxin A is essential. In this review, molecularly imprinted polymers, aptamers and tailor-made peptides for Ochratoxin A capture and analysis with particular attention to solid phase extraction applications will be discussed.
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Whitcombe MJ, Kirsch N, Nicholls IA. Molecular imprinting science and technology: a survey of the literature for the years 2004-2011. J Mol Recognit 2014; 27:297-401. [PMID: 24700625 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present a survey of the literature covering the development of molecular imprinting science and technology over the years 2004-2011. In total, 3779 references to the original papers, reviews, edited volumes and monographs from this period are included, along with recently identified uncited materials from prior to 2004, which were omitted in the first instalment of this series covering the years 1930-2003. In the presentation of the assembled references, a section presenting reviews and monographs covering the area is followed by sections describing fundamental aspects of molecular imprinting including the development of novel polymer formats. Thereafter, literature describing efforts to apply these polymeric materials to a range of application areas is presented. Current trends and areas of rapid development are discussed.
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Giovannoli C, Passini C, Di Nardo F, Anfossi L, Baggiani C. Determination of ochratoxin A in Italian red wines by molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction and HPLC analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:5220-5225. [PMID: 24823614 DOI: 10.1021/jf5010995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An extraction method based on molecularly imprinted polymer prepared through a mimic template approach was used for the determination of ochratoxin A in 17 red wines from different geographical regions of Italy. Sample loading (wine sample diluted 1:1 with 1% v/v aqueous solution of PEG 8000), washing (2 mL water/acetonitrile 4:1 v/v), and elution (2 mL of acetonitrile/acetic acid 98:2 v/v) conditions allowed the optimization of the extraction method, capable of preconcentrating ochratoxin A below the maximum permitted level of 2 ng/mL. Under optimized conditions, recoveries of ochratoxin A from spiked samples ranged from 88 to 102% with sample volumes up to 20 mL. The HPLC determination by fluorescence detection allowed limits of detection and quantification, respectively, of 0.075 and 0.225 ng/mL. Sample extractions by an immunoaffinity protocol showed the method to be comparable, demonstrating the potential of the imprinting approach to substitute for the current immunoaffinity method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Giovannoli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino , Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
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9
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Díaz-Álvarez M, Mazzotta E, Malitesta C, Martín-Esteban A. Evaluation of electrochemically synthesized sulfadimethoxine-imprinted polymer for solid-phase microextraction of sulfonamides. J Mol Recognit 2014; 27:415-20. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Díaz-Álvarez
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente; INIA; Carretera de A Coruña km 7.5 28240 Madrid Spain
| | - Elisabetta Mazzotta
- Laboratorio di Chimica Analitica, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.); Università del Salento; via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Cosimino Malitesta
- Laboratorio di Chimica Analitica, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.); Università del Salento; via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
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10
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Effect of the mimic structure on the molecular recognition properties of molecularly imprinted polymers for ochratoxin A prepared by a fragmental approach. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2013.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Conductive polymer-based microextraction methods: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 767:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Photoelectrochemical Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Coated TiO2 Nanotubes for Lindane Specific Recognition and Detection. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-013-9836-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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An electrochemical sensor for rapid determination of ractopamine based on a molecularly imprinted electrosynthesized o-aminothiophenol film. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:1653-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6253-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Inside-Needle Extraction Method Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Solid-Phase Dynamic Extraction and Preconcentration of Triazine Herbicides Followed by GC–FID Determination. Chromatographia 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-2173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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15
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Comparison of different sample treatments for the analysis of ochratoxin A in wine by capillary HPLC with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:2987-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5387-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Yin X, Liu Q, Jiang Y, Luo Y. Development of andrographolide molecularly imprinted polymer for solid-phase extraction. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 79:191-196. [PMID: 21420352 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A method employing molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as selective sorbent for solid-phase extraction (SPE) to pretreat samples was developed. The polymers were prepared by precipitation polymerization with andrographolide as template molecule. The structure of MIP was characterized and its static adsorption capacity was measured by the Scatchard equation. In comparison with C(18)-SPE and non-imprinted polymer (NIP) SPE column, MIP-SPE column displays high selectivity and good affinity for andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide for extract of herb Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees (APN). MIP-SPE column capacity was 11.9±0.6 μmol/g and 12.1±0.5 μmol/g for andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide, respectively and was 2-3 times higher than that of other two columns. The precision and accuracy of the method developed were satisfactory with recoveries between 96.4% and 103.8% (RSD 3.1-4.3%, n=5) and 96.0% and 104.2% (RSD 2.9-3.7%, n=5) for andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide, respectively. Various real samples were employed to confirm the feasibility of method. This developed method demonstrates the potential of molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction for rapid, selective, and effective sample pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wanli District, Nanchang, China
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17
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Molecularly imprinted polymers for ochratoxin a extraction and analysis. Toxins (Basel) 2010; 2:1536-53. [PMID: 22069649 PMCID: PMC3153256 DOI: 10.3390/toxins2061536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are considered as polymeric materials that mimic the functionality of antibodies. MIPs have been utilized for a wide variety of applications in chromatography, solid phase extraction, immunoassays, and sensor recognition. In this article, recent advances of MIPs for the extraction and analysis of ochratoxins are discussed. Selection of functional monomers to bind ochratoxin A (OTA) with high affinities, optimization of extraction procedures, and limitations of MIPs are compared from different reports. The most relevant examples in the literature are described to clearly show how useful these materials are. Strategies on MIP preparation and schemes of analytical methods are also reviewed in order to suggest the next step that would make better use of MIPs in the field of ochratoxin research. The review ends by outlining the remaining issues and impediments.
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Urusov AE, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB. Immunochemical methods of mycotoxin analysis (review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683810030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Sergeyeva TA. Molecularly-imprinted polymers as synythetic mimics of bioreceptors. 2. Applications in modern biotechnology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.7124/bc.0007f5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. A. Sergeyeva
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
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Pichon V, Chapuis-Hugon F. Role of molecularly imprinted polymers for selective determination of environmental pollutants—A review. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 622:48-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Revised: 05/22/2008] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Lange U, Roznyatovskaya NV, Mirsky VM. Conducting polymers in chemical sensors and arrays. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 614:1-26. [PMID: 18405677 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2007] [Revised: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The review covers main applications of conducting polymers in chemical sensors and biosensors. The first part is focused on intrinsic and induced receptor properties of conducting polymers, such as pH sensitivity, sensitivity to inorganic ions and organic molecules as well as sensitivity to gases. Induced receptor properties can be also formed by molecularly imprinted polymerization or by immobilization of biological receptors. Immobilization strategies are reviewed in the second part. The third part is focused on applications of conducting polymers as transducers and includes usual optical (fluorescence, SPR, etc.) and electrical (conductometric, amperometric, potentiometric, etc.) transducing techniques as well as organic chemosensitive semiconductor devices. An assembly of stable sensing structures requires strong binding of conducting polymers to solid supports. These aspects are discussed in the next part. Finally, an application of combinatorial synthesis and high-throughput analysis to the development and optimization of sensing materials is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Lange
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
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22
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Baggiani C, Anfossi L, Giovannoli C. Molecular imprinted polymers as synthetic receptors for the analysis of myco- and phyco-toxins. Analyst 2008; 133:719-30. [PMID: 18493670 DOI: 10.1039/b711352h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Continuous exposure to low doses of myco- and phyco-toxins poses severe risks to human health. Contemporary analytical methods have the sensitivity required for contamination detection and quantification, but direct application of these methods on real samples can be rarely performed because of matrix complexity. Thus, selective analytical methods, relying on intelligent functional materials are needed. Recent years have seen the increasing use of molecular imprinted polymers in contaminant analysis because these materials seem to be particularly suitable for applications where analyte selectivity is essential. In this review, several applications of molecular imprinted polymers in myco- and phyco-toxin contamination analysis will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Baggiani
- Laboratory of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Torino, via P.Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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23
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Pascale M, De Girolamo A, Visconti A, Magan N, Chianella I, Piletska EV, Piletsky SA. Use of itaconic acid-based polymers for solid-phase extraction of deoxynivalenol and application to pasta analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 609:131-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2007] [Revised: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 01/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Appell M, Kendra DF, Kim EK, Maragos CM. Synthesis and evaluation of molecularly imprinted polymers as sorbents of moniliformin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 24:43-52. [PMID: 17164216 DOI: 10.1080/02652030600887586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Moniliformin is a low molecular weight mycotoxin that has worldwide potential to contaminate cereal grains. Although several traditional methods have been developed to detect moniliformin, the lack of anti-moniliformin antibodies has created a need for materials that recognize moniliformin at the molecular level through a binding mechanism. To address this issue, the authors synthesized molecularly imprinted polymers that bind moniliformin. Imprinted and non-imprinted polymers were evaluated by equilibrium binding assays and moniliformin concentrations were measured by LC analysis using ultraviolet light detection. Successful polymers were imprinted with toxin analogues as the templates; non-imprinted polymers exhibited minimal binding in acetonitrile under the assay conditions. Selected imprinted polymers also bound moniliformin in ethanol, methanol and dimethyl formamide. Significant differences in moniliformin binding by the polymers were dependent on polymer composition, and these differences were highly dependent on the template used to imprint the polymer. Polymers were further evaluated as sorbents for molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE), and an imprinted polymer was used for preconcentration and clean-up of a moniliformin spiked corn extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Appell
- Mycotoxin Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA-ARS, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
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25
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Encapsulation of quantum dots and carbon nanotubes with polypyrrole in a syringe needle for automated molecularly imprinted solid phase pre-concentration of ochratoxin A in red wine analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-007-9014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Jiang X, Jiang N, Zhang H, Liu M. Small organic molecular imprinted materials: their preparation and application. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:355-68. [PMID: 17546446 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2007] [Accepted: 04/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imprinting is a technique for preparing polymeric materials that are capable of recognizing and binding the desired molecular target with a high affinity and selectivity. The materials can be applied to a wide range of target molecules, even those for which no natural binder exists or whose antibodies are difficult to raise. The imprinting of small organic molecules (e.g., pharmaceuticals, pesticides, amino acids, steroids, and sugars) is now almost routine. In this review, we pay special attention to the synthesis and application of molecular imprinted polymer (MIPs) imprinted with small organic molecules, including herbicides, pesticides, and drugs. The advantages, applications, and recent developments in small organic molecular imprinted technology are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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27
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Pichon V. Selective sample treatment using molecularly imprinted polymers. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1152:41-53. [PMID: 17412351 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2006] [Revised: 02/14/2007] [Accepted: 02/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic polymers possessing specific cavities designed for a target molecule. By a mechanism of molecular recognition, the MIPs are used as selective sorbents for the solid-phase extraction of target analytes from complex matrices. MIPs are often called synthetic antibodies in comparison with immuno-based sorbents; they offer some advantages including easy, cheap and rapid preparation and high thermal and chemical stability. This review describes the use of MIPs in solid-phase extraction with emphasis on their synthesis, the various parameters affecting the selectivity of the extraction, their potential to selectively extract analytes from complex aqueous samples or organic extracts, their on-line coupling with LC and their potential in miniaturized devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Pichon
- Laboratoire Environnement et Chimie Analytique (UMR CNRS 7121), Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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Baggiani C, Anfossi L, Giovannoli C. Solid phase extraction of food contaminants using molecular imprinted polymers. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 591:29-39. [PMID: 17456421 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2006] [Revised: 01/16/2007] [Accepted: 01/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Food contamination from natural or anthropogenic sources poses severe risks to human health. It is now largely accepted that continuous exposure to low doses of toxic chemicals can be related to several chronic diseases, including some type of cancer and serious hormonal dysfunctions. Contemporary analytical methods have the sensitivity required for contamination detection and quantification, but direct application of these methods on food samples can be rarely performed. In fact, the matrix introduces severe disturbances, and analysis can be performed only after some clean-up and preconcentration steps. Current sample pre-treatment methods, mostly based on the solid phase extraction technique, are very fast and inexpensive but show a lack of selectivity, while methods based on immunoaffinity extraction are very selective but expensive and not suitable for harsh environments. Thus, inexpensive, rapid and selective clean-up methods, relaying on "intelligent" materials are needed. Recent years have seen a significant increase of the "molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction" (MISPE) technique in the food contaminant analysis. In fact, this technique seems to be particularly suitable for extractive applications where analyte selectivity in the presence of very complex and structured matrices represents the main problem. In this review, several applications of MISPE in food contamination analysis will be discussed, with particular emphasis on the extraction of pesticides, drugs residua, mycotoxins and environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Baggiani
- Laboratory of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Torino, Italy.
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Pichon V, Haupt K. Affinity Separations on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers with Special Emphasis on Solid‐Phase Extraction. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070600574739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Pichon
- a Laboratoire Environnement et Chimie Analytique , Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles , Paris, France
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- b Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire , Compiègne, France
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Baggiani C, Baravalle P, Giraudi G, Tozzi C. Molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction method for the high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of fungicide pyrimethanil in wine. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1141:158-64. [PMID: 17178127 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2006] [Revised: 10/17/2006] [Accepted: 12/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A method for molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) of the fungicide pyrimethanil from wine samples has been investigated. The molecular imprinted polymer was obtained by iniferter-mediated grafting on porous chloromethylated polystyrene beads, using methacrylic acid as the functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross-linker. The imprinted beads were evaluated for use as a solid-phase extraction sorbent, in order to develop the extraction protocol in aqueous standards and red wine samples. The optimised extraction protocol resulted in a reliable MISPE method suitable for HPLC analysis (stationary phase: Cromolith Performance C18 column, 100 mm x 4.6 mm; mobile phase: acetonitrile-water (3:2, v/v), flow-rate: 1.00 ml/min; detection 270 nm). It was selective for pyrimethanil and the related pyrimidinic fungicides cyprodinil and mepanipyrim, while the non-pyrimidinic fungicides benalaxyl, chlozolinate, furalaxyl, iprodione, metalaxyl, nuarimol, procymidone and vinclozolin were not extracted. Recoveries performed on a wine matrix spiked with pyrimethanil at three different concentration levels were reproducible and were in good agreement with the recoveries performed on buffer, coming out between 80 and 90% (85+/-7.0% at 0.50 microg/ml, 79+/-1.6% at 2.0 microg/ml and 87+/-5.6% at 20 microg/ml). Preconcentration and quantitative extraction of pyrimethanil from wine samples was shown to be feasible down to 0.1 microg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Baggiani
- Laboratory of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P.Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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Namvar A, Warriner K. Microbial imprinted polypyrrole/poly(3-methylthiophene) composite films for the detection of Bacillus endospores. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 22:2018-24. [PMID: 17008088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2006] [Revised: 08/23/2006] [Accepted: 08/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of Bacillus subtilis endospore imprinted conducting polymer films and subsequent electrochemical detection of bound spores is reported. Imprinted films were prepared by absorbing spores on the surface of glassy carbon electrodes upon which a polypyrrole, followed by a poly(3-methylthiophene), layer were electrochemically deposited. Spore template release was achieved through soaking the modified electrode in DMSO. Binding of endospores to imprinted films could be detected via impedance spectroscopy by monitoring changes in Y'' (susceptance) using Mn(II)Cl2 (0.5M pH 3) as the supporting electrolyte. Here, the change in Y'' could be correlated to spore densities between 10(4) and 10(7)cfu/ml. More sensitive detection of absorbed spores was achieved by following endospore germination via changes in film charge as measured using cyclic voltammetry. Here, imprinted films were submerged in spore suspensions to permit absorption, heat activated at 70 degrees C for 10 min prior to transferring to an electrochemical cell containing germination activators. By using the assay format it was possible to detect 10(2)cfu/ml. The observed changes in film charge could be attributed to the interaction of the supporting conducting polymer with dipicolinic acid (DPA) and other constituents released from the core in the course of germination. In all cases, it was not possible to regenerate the imprinted films without losing electrode response. In summary, the study has provided proof-of-concept for fabricating microbial imprinted films using conducting polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Namvar
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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Aresta A, Vatinno R, Palmisano F, Zambonin CG. Determination of Ochratoxin A in wine at sub ng/mL levels by solid-phase microextraction coupled to liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1115:196-201. [PMID: 16554057 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2006] [Revised: 02/23/2006] [Accepted: 02/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME), using a polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fiber, interfaced with liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (LC-FD) has been applied to the determination of Ochratoxin A (OTA) in wine samples. Compared to the most widely adopted extraction/clean-up procedure based on immunoaffinity columns (IAC), the solventless extraction is simpler and cost-effective, requiring the simple immersion of the fiber in diluted wine samples. Furthermore, a fast LC separation is achieved under isocratic conditions. The linear range investigated in wine was 0.25-8 ng/mL; at fortification levels of 0.5 and 2 ng/mL, within-day intra-laboratory precision (repeatability) values, expressed as RSD%, were 5.9 and 5.1, respectively, whereas between days (n = 4) precision was 8.5 and 7.1%, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) at a signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of 3 was 0.07 ng/mL; the limit of quantification (LOQ) calculated at S/N = 10 was 0.22 ng/mL, well below the European regulatory level of 2 ng/mL. The potential of the method has been demonstrated by the analysis of a number of different wine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Aresta
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
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