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Zhang HC, Yang N, She WZ, Liu JZ, Wen QL, Li RS, Ling J, Cao Q. An all-inorganic lead-free metal halide double perovskite for the highly selective detection of norfloxacin in aqueous solution. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:125. [PMID: 38326626 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06198-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Lead-based perovskites are highly susceptible to environmental influences, and their application in analytical chemistry, especially in aqueous solution, has been reported rarely. All-inorganic lead-free metal halide perovskites have been considered as a substitute for lead-based perovskites. Herein, a Cs2RbTbCl6 perovskite microcrystal (PMCs), which emits strong yellow-green fluorescence with a maximum emission wavelength at 547 nm, was for the first time synthesized and characterized. The Cs2RbTbCl6 PMCs could be well dispersed in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMF), and its fluorescence could be significantly enhanced by the addition of norfloxacin (NOR) in the aqueous solution. We found that the Cs2RbTbCl6 PMCs can be used as fluorescent probes (excitation, 365 nm; emission, 547 nm) to selectively detect NOR in a concentration range from 10.0 to 200.0 μM with the limit of detection (LOD) being 0.04 μM. The Cs2RbTbCl6 PMCs could also be adsorbed on filter paper to fabricate as a fluorescent test paper for visual detection of NOR under 365-nm ultraviolet (UV) lamp irradiation. The proposed method has the potential to establish a new analytical method to visualize the detection of NOR in aqueous environments and also promotes the application of all-inorganic lead-free perovskites for analytical detection in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Ni Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Wen-Zhi She
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Jin-Zhou Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Qiu-Lin Wen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Rong Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Jian Ling
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
| | - Qiue Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
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2
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Biswas A, Maitra U. Ratiometric rapid distinction of two structurally similar fluoroquinolone antibiotics by a Tb/Eu hydrogel. RSC Adv 2022; 12:26106-26110. [PMID: 36275113 PMCID: PMC9477015 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03668a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid distinction of structurally similar fluoroquinolone antibiotics norfloxacin and ofloxacin, and their quantification in a mixture, were achieved using a supramolecular Tb/Eu gel cocktail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Biswas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Uday Maitra
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India
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Chen S, Su X, Yuan C, Jia CQ, Qiao Y, Li Y, He L, Zou L, Ao X, Liu A, Liu S, Yang Y. A magnetic phosphorescence molecularly imprinted polymers probe based on manganese-doped ZnS quantum dots for rapid detection of trace norfloxacin residual in food. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 253:119577. [PMID: 33636494 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the development of a novel probe based on magnetic room-temperature phosphorescence quantum dots with molecularly imprinted polymers (MQD-MIPs) for the rapid detection of trace norfloxacin (NFX) residual in complex food matrix. The highly selective probe was constructed by surface molecular imprinting technology using magnetic materials (Fe3O4 nanoparticles) as core, Mn-doped ZnS quantum dots (Mn-ZnS QDs) as phosphorescent materials, NFX as template, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as functional monomer, and tetraethoxysilane as crosslinking agent. The as-obtained MQD-MIPs were characterized in detail by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and vibrating sample magnetometer. A magnetic strength of 37.64 emu g-1 was recorded. Also, the probe displayed excellent room temperature phosphorescence properties with excitation/emission peaks at 300/590 nm. Under the optimized conditions, the detection time was less than 40 min, phosphorescence intensity varied linearly with concentration from 1 to 90 μg·L-1, and detection limit reached as low as 0.80 μg·L-1. Furthermore, the MQD-MIPs-based probe successfully detected norfloxacin residues in spiked fish and milk samples with recoveries of 90.92-111.53% and RSD <7%, outperforming the standard control method-HPLC-FLD (recoveries of 85.89-118.28%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China.
| | - Xin Su
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Chengbo Yuan
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Charles Q Jia
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Yan Qiao
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Yuzhu Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Li He
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Likou Zou
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Ao
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Aiping Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Shuliang Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Yong Yang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
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Sun S, Wei Y, Wang H, Tang L, Deng B. Determination of Verapamil Hydrochloride and Norverapamil Hydrochloride in Rat Plasma by Capillary Electrophoresis With End-Column Electrochemiluminescence Detection and Their Pharmacokinetics Study. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:289-296. [PMID: 33333557 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a new method for simultaneous determination of verapamil hydrochloride (VerHCl) and its metabolite norverapamil hydrochloride (NorHCl) by using the capillary electrophoresis-electrochemiluminescence. Under optimized experimental conditions, the linear ranges of the VerHCl and NorHCl concentrations were 0.015-10.0 and 0.060-10.0 μg/mL, respectively. The linearity relations were determined using the respective regression equations y = 581.2x + 19.94 and y = 339.4x + 29.16. The respective limits of detection (S/N = 3) were 0.006 and 0.024 μg/mL. The proposed method was used to study the pharmacokinetics of both agents in rat plasma. The maximum concentration (Cmax), half-life time (T1/2) and time to peak (Tmax) were 683.21 ± 74.81 ng/mL, 0.52 ± 0.21 h and 2.49 ± 0.32 h for VerHCl and 698.42 ± 71.45 ng/mL, 1.14 ± 0.26 h and 2.83 ± 0.23 h for NorHCl, respectively, following oral administration of 10 mg/kg VerHCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjiao Sun
- School of pharmacy, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China.,State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yanfen Wei
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Lifu Tang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Biyang Deng
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
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Zhao Y, Zhang S, Shu X, Yang Y, Li Y, Chen J, Pan Y, Sun S. Effects of norfloxacin on decomposition and nutrient release in leaves of the submerged macrophyte Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 274:116557. [PMID: 33529893 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that antibiotic residuals affect the composition and structure of microbial communities. However, the consequences of these biological changes in terms of ecosystem function remain poorly understood, particularly in aquatic ecosystems. Here, we investigated the impacts of norfloxacin (NOR, 0, 0.5, and 8 mg L-1), a widely used antibiotic, on the microbial community structure on leaf surfaces of the submerged macrophyte Vallisneria natans, and the corresponding variations in litter decomposition, litter nutrient release, and water properties. Results showed that after 40 days of exposure, bacterial richness consistently decreased with increasing NOR concentration, and that richness of fungi was significantly lower in treatments adding NOR than in the control treatment. Moreover, NOR shifted the community toward NOR resistant phyla and genera, especially in the bacteria community. These community shifts resulted in the inhibition of litter decomposition and nutrient release from leaf litter to system water, accompanied by increases in dissolved oxygen concentration and pH of system water. Our results indicate that, by affecting microbial communities, NOR had significant effects on litter decomposition, litter nutrient release, and water properties, highlighting the potential harmful effects of NOR on aquatic ecosystem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggui Zhao
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Xiangdi Shu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Yuejiao Yang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Ya Li
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - JinQuan Chen
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Ying Pan
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China.
| | - Shucun Sun
- Department of Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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Wan L, Long Y, Hui J, Zhang H, Hou Z, Tan J, Pan Y, Sun S. Effect of norfloxacin on algae-cladoceran grazer-larval damselfly food chains: Algal morphology-mediated trophic cascades. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 256:127166. [PMID: 32559891 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic norfloxacin (NOR) has recently been demonstrated to affect the swimming behavior of zooplankton species and phytoplankton-zooplankton interactions, which may further affect trophic cascades. To test this hypothesis, two food chains (Scenedesmus quadricauda-Daphnia magna-larval damselfly and Chlorella vulgaris-D. magna-larval damselfly) were used to examine the effect of NOR concentrations (0, 0.5, 5, and 25 mg L-1) on trophic cascades. In the absence of NOR, larval damselflies reduced grazer density and increased algal density, regardless of algal species. In the presence of NOR, increasing NOR concentration strengthened the positive effect of larval damselflies on the growth of C. vulgaris because larval damselflies suppressed grazer density more efficiently resulting from reduced swimming ability in the grazers. Conversely, increasing NOR concentration reduced the positive effect on the growth of S. quadricauda due to inhibited grazer-induced colony formation in S. quadricauda. Therefore, exposure to NOR altered the direction and strength of trophic cascades and showed species-specific differences, depending on algal morphology-mediated indirect interactions. These findings provide novel insights into how NOR affects aquatic food chains and reveal the importance of algal traits in determining trophic cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wan
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China; School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Yaoyue Long
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China; School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Jin Hui
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China; School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhiyong Hou
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Jiexin Tan
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China; School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Ying Pan
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China; School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
| | - Shucun Sun
- Department of Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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Zong L, Jiao Y, Guo X, Zhu C, Gao L, Han Y, Li L, Zhang C, Liu Z, Liu J, Ju Q, Yu HD, Huang W. Paper-based fluorescent immunoassay for highly sensitive and selective detection of norfloxacin in milk at picogram level. Talanta 2019; 195:333-338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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A Sensitive Electrochemical Immunosensor Based on PAMAM Dendrimer-Encapsulated Au for Detection of Norfloxacin in Animal-Derived Foods. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18061946. [PMID: 29914110 PMCID: PMC6022186 DOI: 10.3390/s18061946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a sensitive electrochemical immunosensor has been reported for the determination of norfloxacin in animal-derived foods. The poly (amidoamine) dendrimer encapsulated gold nanoparticles (PAMAM-Au) played dual roles in the proposed sensing platform which not only accelerated the electron transfer process of sensing, but also increased the efficiency of the immobilized antibody. The HRP-labeled antigen, as the signal labels in the immunosensor, was introduced to catalyze the following reaction of the substrate hydroquinone with the aid of H₂O₂ in the competitive reaction. On the basis of the signal amplification of PAMAM-Au, the signal intensity was linearly related to the concentration of norfloxacin in the range of 1 μg·L−1⁻10 mg·L−1. All the results showed that the proposed strategy with low LOD (0.3837 μg·L−1) and favorable recovery (91.6⁻106.1%) in the practical sample, and it could provide a suitable protocol for norfloxacin detection in animal-derived foods with high sensitivity, good accuracy, and stability.
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Sun S, Wei Y, Cao Y, Deng B. Simultaneous electrochemiluminescence determination of galanthamine, homolycorine, lycorenine, and tazettine in Lycoris radiata by capillary electrophoresis with ultrasonic-assisted extraction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1055-1056:15-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Lethal/sublethal responses of Daphnia magna to acute norfloxacin contamination and changes in phytoplankton-zooplankton interactions induced by this antibiotic. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40385. [PMID: 28079143 PMCID: PMC5227989 DOI: 10.1038/srep40385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the well-known antibiotic norfloxacin (NOR) is recognized as an important environmental pollutant, little is known about its impacts on ecological processes, particularly on species interactions. In this paper, we quantified Daphnia magna (Crustacea, Cladocera) responses in mortality rate at lethal NOR concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg L−1), and in heartbeat rate, swimming behavior and feeding rate (on the green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa) at sublethal NOR concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg L−1) to determine the effects of this antibiotic in plankton systems. In 96-h-long lethal experiment, mortality rates of D. magna increased significantly with increasing NOR concentration and exposure time. In sublethal experiments, heartbeat rate decreased, while time ratio of vertical to horizontal swimming (TVH) and the duration of quiescence increased in D. magna individuals exposed to increasing NOR concentrations after 4 and 12 h of exposure. These collectively led to decreases in both average swimming ability and feeding rate, consistent with the positive relationship between average swimming ability and feeding rate. Overall, results indicate that, by affecting zooplankton heartbeat rate and behavior, NOR decreased feeding efficiency of D. magna even at low doses, therefore, it might seriously compromise ecosystem health and function.
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Chierentin L, Salgado HRN. Review of Properties and Analytical Methods for the Determination of Norfloxacin. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2016; 46:22-39. [PMID: 26398574 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2014.941456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The first-generation quinolones have their greatest potency against Gram-negative bacteria, but newly developed molecules have exhibited increased potency against Gram-positive bacteria, and existing agents are available with additional activity against anaerobic microorganisms. Norfloxacin is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial fluoroquinolone used against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (aerobic organisms). There are different analytical methods available to determine norfloxacin applied in quality control of this medicine in order to ensure its effectiveness and safety. The authors present an overview of the fourth generation of quinolones, followed by the properties, applications, and analytical methods of norfloxacin. These results show several existing analytical techniques that are flexible and broad-based methods of analysis in different matrices. This article focuses on bionalytical and pharmaceutical quality-control applications, such as thin-layer chromatography, microbiological assay, spectrophotometry, capillary electrophoresis (CE), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Chierentin
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University , Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil
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Sun S, Wei Y, Long C, Deng B. Capillary electrophoresis with end-column electrochemiluminescence for ultrasensitive determination of urapidil hydrochloride in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetics study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1006:146-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Chierentin L, Salgado HRN. Development and validation of a rapid turbidimetric assay to determine the potency of norfloxacin in tablets. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502015000300014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Norfloxacin is one of the first commercially available (and most widely used) fluoroquinolone antibiotics. This paper reports the development and validation of a simple, sensitive, accurate and reproducible turbidimetric assay method to quantify norfloxacin in tablets formulations in only 4 hours. The bioassay is based on the inhibitory effect of norfloxacin upon the strain ofStaphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 IAL 2150 used as test microorganism. The assay was performed 3x3 parallel lines like, three tubes for each concentration of reference substance and three tubes for each sample concentration. The results were treated statistically by analysis of variance and were found to be linear (r2 = 0.9999) in the selected range of 25-100 μg mL-1; precise (intra-assay: relative standard deviation (RSD) = 1.33%; inter-assay: RSD = 0.21%), accurate (100.74%) and robust with RSD lower than 4.5%. The student's t-test showed no statistically significant difference between the proposed turbidimetric method and an HPLC method previously validated. However the turbidimetric assay can be used as a valuable alternative methodology for the routine quality control of this medicine, complementary to other physical-chemical methods.
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Chierentin L, Garnero C, Chattah AK, Delvadia P, Karnes T, Longhi MR, Salgado HRN. Influence of β-cyclodextrin on the Properties of Norfloxacin Form A. AAPS PharmSciTech 2015; 16:683-91. [PMID: 25511811 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-014-0259-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins are able to form host-guest complexes with hydrophobic molecules to result in the formation of inclusion complexes. The complex formation between norfloxacin form A and β-cyclodextrin was studied by exploring its structure affinity relationship in an aqueous solution and in the solid state. Kneading, freeze-drying, and physical mixture methods were employed to prepare solid complexes of norfloxacin and β-cyclodextrin. The solubility of norfloxacin significantly increased upon complexation with β-cyclodextrin as demonstrated by a solubility isotherm of the AL type along with the results of an intrinsic dissolution study. The complexes were also characterized in the solid stated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectrometry. The thermal analysis showed that the thermal stability of the drug is enhanced in the presence of β-cyclodextrin. Finally, the microbiological studies showed that the complexes have better potency when compared with pure drug.
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15
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Ultrasonic microdialysis coupled with capillary electrophoresis electrochemiluminescence study the interaction between trimetazidine dihydrochloride and human serum albumin. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 851:37-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Murillo Pulgarín JA, Alañón Molina A, Boras N. Direct determination of antibacterial norfloxacin in urine by isopotential fluorimetry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934814080061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Cheng J, Ma X, Wu Y. Silica Gel Chemically Modified with Ionic Liquid as Novel Sorbent for Solid-Phase Extraction and Preconcentration of Lead from Beer and Tea Drink Samples Followed by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-013-9716-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Zhou L, Reen FJ, O’Gara F, McSweeney CM, Clarke SL, Glennon JD, Luong JH, McGlacken GP. Analysis of pseudomonas quinolone signal and other bacterial signalling molecules using capillaries coated with highly charged polyelectrolyte monolayers and boron doped diamond electrode. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1251:169-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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19
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Deng B, Liu Y, Yin H, Ning X, Lu H, Ye L, Xu Q. Determination of ultra-trace formaldehyde in air using ammonium sulfate as derivatization reagent and capillary electrophoresis coupled with on-line electrochemiluminescence detection. Talanta 2012; 91:128-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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20
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Analytical applications of the electrochemiluminescence of tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) coupled to capillary/microchip electrophoresis: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 704:16-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Li Y, Zhang Z, Li J, Li H, Chen Y, Liu Z. Simple, stable and sensitive electrogenerated chemiluminescence detector for high-performance liquid chromatography and its application in direct determination of multiple fluoroquinolone residues in milk. Talanta 2011; 84:690-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Deng B, Ye L, Yin H, Liu Y, Hu S, Li B. Determination of pseudolycorine in the bulb of lycoris radiata by capillary electrophoresis combined with online electrochemiluminescence using ultrasonic-assisted extraction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:927-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 02/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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23
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Deng B, Shi A, Kang Y, Li L. Determination of metformin hydrochloride using precolumn derivatization with acetaldehyde and capillary electrophoresis coupled with electrochemiluminescence. LUMINESCENCE 2011; 26:592-7. [PMID: 21374792 DOI: 10.1002/bio.1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel method was developed using capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) for highly sensitive detection of metformin hydrochloride (MH) derivatizatized with acetaldehyde. The precolumn derivatization of MH with acetaldehyde was performed in phosphate buffer solution (0.3 mol/L, pH 7.5) at room temperature for 120 min. The effects of acetaldehyde concentration, buffer pH, electrokinetic voltage and injection time were investigated. Under optimized detection conditions, the MH ECL detection sensitivity was more than 120 times that without derivatization. The linear concentration range for MH was 0.001-15.00 μg/mL (with a correlation coefficient of 0.9992). The detection limit was 0.31 ng/mL with a signal:noise ratio of 3. The recoveries of MH in human urine were in the range 98.50-99.72%. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyang Deng
- Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, People's Republic of China.
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24
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DENG B, YIN H, LIU Y, NING X. Pharmacokinetics of Propranolol Hydrochlorid in Human Urine by Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled with Electrochemiluminescence. ANAL SCI 2011; 27:55-9. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.27.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection: fundamental theory, apparatus, and applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:3323-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Deng B, Xie F, Li L, Shi A, Liu Y, Yin H. Determination of galanthamine in Bulbus Lycoridis Radiatae by coupling capillary electrophoresis with end-column electrochemiluminescence detection. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:2356-60. [PMID: 20680932 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for the determination of galanthamine (GAL) in Bulbus Lycoridis Radiatae has been developed based on coupling CE with an end-column tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) electrochemiluminescence (ECL). Parameters affecting CE separation and ECL detection were investigated and optimized. Baseline separation of GAL from other components in the Bulbus Lycoridis Radiatae sample was achieved with an 18 mmol/L phosphate running buffer at pH 9.0. Under the optimized conditions: 12 kV CE-separation voltage, ECL detection potential at 1.25 V with 5 mmol/L Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) and 50 mmol/L phosphate buffer at pH 7.5 in the detection reservoir, the linear range of GAL concentration was from 0.8 ng/mL to 2 microg/mL, whereas the detection limit was 0.25 ng/mL (S/N=3). The proposed method was successfully demonstrated for the determination of GAL in Bulbus Lycoridis Radiatae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyang Deng
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, P. R. China.
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27
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Lara FJ, García-Campaña AM, Velasco AI. Advances and analytical applications in chemiluminescence coupled to capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1998-2027. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Muzyka EN, Rozhitskii NN. Systems of capillary electrophoresis in electrochemiluminescence analysis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193481006002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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29
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Zhao S, Niu T, Song Y, Liu YM. Gold nanoparticle-enhanced chemiluminescence detection for CE. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1059-65. [PMID: 19309007 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Introducing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to the running buffer further improved the sensitivity of luminol-H(2)O(2) chemiluminescence (CL) detection for CE. This has led to the development of sensitive CE-CL assays of biomedically interesting compounds. Epinephrine and norfloxacin were taken as the model analytes. Epinephrine inhibited light emission from the AuNP-catalyzed CL while norfloxacin enhanced it. The CE-CL assays had detection limits of 6.9x10(-9) M for epinephrine and 7.3x10(-9) M for norfloxacin. It was noted that in the absence of AuNPs no CE-CL analytical signal was produced by epinephrine at 4.0x10(-5) M or norfloxacin at 1.5x10(-3) M under similar experimental conditions. Fluorescence spectroscopic measurements showed that although the fluorescence excitation/emission maxima remained the same, the fluorescence lifetime of luminol increased significantly in the presence of AuNPs (tau(2) increased from 8.49+/-0.12 to 9.18+/-0.047 ns in a two-exponential fit), indicating that the excited states of luminol molecules were stabilized through the interaction between luminol molecules and AuNPs. Finally, quantitation of epinephrine and norfloxacin in biological samples such as human urine by using the present AuNP-enhanced CE-CL method was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, P. R. China
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30
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Pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin mesylate in human urine using capillary electrophoresis electrochemiluminescence detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:2585-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2008] [Revised: 06/07/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Separation of fluoroquinolones in acidic buffer by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:5327-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2009] [Revised: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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32
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Tsunoda M. Chemiluminescence detection with separation techniques for bioanalytical applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12566-009-0002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Abstract
Methods for the analysis of ten selected fluoroquinolone antibiotics in biological fluids are reviewed. Approaches for sample preparation, detection methods, limits of detection and quantitation, and recovery information are provided for both single analyte and multi-analyte fluoroquinolone methods.
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34
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Fu Z, Liu Y, Wang L, Wang Y. Simultaneous Quantitation of Quinolone Residues in Biological Fluid by CE Combined with Electrogenerated-Chemiluminescent Detection. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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35
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Determination of selenomethionine in selenium-enriched yeast using capillary electrophoresis on-line coupled with electrochemiluminescence detection. Mikrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-008-0129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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36
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Borraccetti MD, Damiani PC, Olivieri AC. When unfolding is better: unique success of unfolded partial least-squares regression with residual bilinearization for the processing of spectral–pH data with strong spectral overlapping. Analysis of fluoroquinolones in human urine based on flow-injection pH-modulated synchronous fluorescence data matrices. Analyst 2009; 134:1682-91. [DOI: 10.1039/b903649k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Deng B, Shi A, Li L, Kang Y. Pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin in human urine using online coupled capillary electrophoresis with electrogenerated chemiluminescence detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 48:1249-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Revised: 08/30/2008] [Accepted: 09/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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38
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Qin W, Liu Q, Fan Y. CE determination of quinolones in the presence of bovine serum albumin. J Sep Sci 2008; 32:118-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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39
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Yang Z, Wang X, Qin W, Zhao H. Capillary electrophoresis–chemiluminescence determination of norfloxacin and prulifloxacin. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 623:231-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2008] [Revised: 06/08/2008] [Accepted: 06/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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40
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Burkhead MS, Wang H, Fallet M, Gross EM. Electrogenerated chemiluminescence: An oxidative-reductive mechanism between quinolone antibiotics and tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II). Anal Chim Acta 2008; 613:152-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Revised: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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41
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Castro-Puyana M, Crego AL, Marina ML. Recent advances in the analysis of antibiotics by CE and CEC. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:274-93. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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42
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Deng B, Kang Y, Li X, Xu Q. Determination of josamycin in rat plasma by capillary electrophoresis coupled with post-column electrochemiluminescence detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 859:125-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2007] [Revised: 09/09/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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43
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Cheng CL, Fu CH, Chou CH. Determination of norfloxacin in rat liver perfusate using capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 856:381-5. [PMID: 17606416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2007] [Revised: 06/10/2007] [Accepted: 06/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A capillary zone electrophoresis method has been developed for the direct determination of norfloxacin in the physiological perfusate of isolated rat liver. Norfloxacin and the internal standard triamterene were detected using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection with the excitation and emission wavelength of 325 and 435 nm, respectively. The background electrolyte (BGE) was 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 4.6). The effect of pH and concentration of BGE on the electrophoretic migration and fluorescence response of analytes were examined. Calibration curves were linear over a wide range of 0.01-100 microg/mL. The limit of quantitation was 0.01 microg/mL. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviation was 3.7%, or less, and the accuracy was 93.2% of the nominal concentration. No endogenous substances were found to interfere. The method was used to characterize the steady-state and transient pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin in the rat liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ling Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, No. 60, Section 1, Erh-Jen Road, Jen-Te, Tainan 71710, Taiwan.
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44
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Du Y, Wang E. Capillary electrophoresis and microchip capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence detection. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:875-90. [PMID: 17536733 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances and key strategies in capillary electrophoresis and microchip CE with electrochemical detection (ECD) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection are reviewed. This article consists of four main parts: CE-ECD; microchip CE-ECD; CE-ECL; and microchip CE-ECL. It is expected that ECD and ECL will become powerful tools for CE microchip systems and will lead to the creation of truly disposable devices. The focus is on papers published in the last two years (from 2005 to 2006).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
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45
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