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Khaled O, Ryad L, Gad N. Quick and high-throughput quantification of β-agonist residues in bovine liver, meat, milk, kidney, poultry, and egg using dispersive solid phase extraction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1242:124207. [PMID: 38880057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
A reliable liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) method was developed for the simultaneous identification and quantification of 13 β-agonist residues in bovine liver, meat, milk, kidney, poultry, and egg. Dispersive-solid phase extraction (d-SPE) using acetonitrile (ACN) was used to prepare the samples. The analyte in the extracts was separated on a reversed-phase Accucore aQ (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 2.6 μm) using a mobile phase of an aqueous solution containing 2 mM ammonium acetate and acetonitrile (ACN) 0.1 % formic acid. The method was validated in accordance with Commission Implementing Regulation (CIR) EU 2021/808 at six different concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 5 μg/kg. The mean recoveries ranged from 65 to 94 %, while repeatability and reproducibility values were all below 13 %. The linearity, as correlation coefficients (R2) ranged from 0.9955 to 0.9999. The decision limit (CCα) and detection capability (CCβ) ranges were 0.11-0.13 µg/kg and 0.12-0.15 µg/kg, respectively. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) were in the range of 0.004-0.048 μg/kg and 0.010-0.075 μg/kg, respectively. Of the 180 samples that were collected from local markets in Egypt, 21.11 % had β-agonist residues. The mean concentration (µg/kg) and detection frequency (%) of the most frequently found β-agonist in the samples were as follows: terbutaline (2.63 µg/kg and 90 %), ractopamine (5.14 µg/kg and 23.3 %). The method's applicability was verified by successfully completing two rounds of proficiency testing (PT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Khaled
- Agriculture Research Centre, Central Laboratory of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Giza 12311, Egypt.
| | - Lamia Ryad
- Agriculture Research Centre, Central Laboratory of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Giza 12311, Egypt
| | - Nermine Gad
- Agriculture Research Centre, Central Laboratory of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Giza 12311, Egypt
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Sadinejad K, Mirzaie A, Pashazadeh-Panahi P, Hasanzadeh M. Sensitive recognition of ractopamine using GQDs-DPA as organic fluorescent probe. J Mol Recognit 2021; 34:e2903. [PMID: 33970548 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel spectrofluorimetric sensing platform was designed for Ractopamine measurement in aqueous and plasma samples. d-penicillamine functionalized graphene quantum dots (DPA-GQDs) was utilized as a fluorescence probe, which was synthesized through the pyrolysis of citric acid in the presence of DPA. This one-pot down-top strategy causes to high-yield controllable synthesis method. The reaction time and probe concentration were optimized. Then, the fluorescence intensity of aqueous samples containing different Ractopamine concentrations and 500 ppm DPA-GQDs were measured at 25°C with an excitation wavelength of 274 nm. The sensing platform was also applied to detect Ractopamine in untreated plasma samples. The fluorescence spectroscopy technique responses indicated a linear relationship between the peak fluorescence intensity and ractopamine concentration in the range of 0.25-15 ppm with low limit of quantification of 0.25 ppm was for aqueous and plasma samples, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosar Sadinejad
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arezoo Mirzaie
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Lin YP, Lee YL, Hung CY, Huang WJ, Lin SC. Determination of multiresidue analysis of β-agonists in muscle and viscera using liquid chromatograph/tandem mass spectrometry with Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe methodologies. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 25:275-284. [PMID: 28911668 PMCID: PMC9332531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The official analytical method of the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare for testing for veterinary drug residues in foods is the multiresidue analysis of β-agonists. Samples are pretreated through liquid–liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction. This method is time consuming and requires the intensive use of solvents. To improve analytical efficiency and reduce costs, our study incorporated QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) techniques to establish a new method of multiresidue analysis of β-agonists in animal muscle and viscera. The pretreatment time was shortened and solvent usage was minimized. The modified analysis was conducted using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and quantification was performed using multiple reaction monitoring. The results demonstrated that the correlation coefficients of the tissue calibration curve were higher than 0.99 and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 1 ppb. The average recoveries in spiked samples varied from 70% to 120%, and the relative difference between duplicated analysis results was lower than 10%. On the basis of the results, the proposed method was concluded to be an appropriate procedure for determining the presence of β-agonists, and demonstrated the advantages of high recovery rates in spiked samples, high precision, reduced analysis time and solvent usage, and lower costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ping Lin
- Corresponding authors. Public Health Bureau, Tainan City Government, No. 163, Dongsing Rd., Sinying District, Tainan City 730, Taiwan, ROC. E-mail addresses: (Y.-P. Lin), (Y.-L. Lee)
| | - Ying-Lin Lee
- Corresponding authors. Public Health Bureau, Tainan City Government, No. 163, Dongsing Rd., Sinying District, Tainan City 730, Taiwan, ROC. E-mail addresses: (Y.-P. Lin), (Y.-L. Lee)
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Wang S, Zhao S, Wei X, Zhang S, Liu J, Dong Y. An Improved Label-Free Indirect Competitive SPR Immunosensor and Its Comparison with Conventional ELISA for Ractopamine Detection in Swine Urine. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 17:E604. [PMID: 28300766 PMCID: PMC5375890 DOI: 10.3390/s17030604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ractopamine (RCT) is banned for use in animals in many countries, and it is urgent to develop efficient methods for specific and sensitive RCT detection. A label-free indirect competitive surface plasmon resonance (SPR) immunosensor was first developed with a primary antibody herein and then improved by a secondary antibody for the detection of RCT residue in swine urine. Meanwhile, a pre-incubation process of RCT and the primary antibody was performed to further improve the sensitivity. With all the key parameters optimized, the improved immunosenor can attain a linear range of 0.3-32 ng/mL and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.09 ng/mL for RCT detection with high specificity. Furthermore, the improved label-free SPR immunosenor was compared thoroughly with a conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The SPR immunosensor showed advantages over the ELISA in terms of LOD, reagent consumption, analysis time, experiment automation, and so on. The SPR immunosensor can be used as potential method for real-time monitoring and screening of RCT residue in swine urine or other samples. In addition, the design using antibody pairs for biosensor development can be further referred to for other small molecule detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiao Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Shan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yiyang Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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Niño AM, Granja RH, Wanschel AC, Salerno AG. The challenges of ractopamine use in meat production for export to European Union and Russia. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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6
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Zhang Z, Zeng K, Liu J. Immunochemical detection of emerging organic contaminants in environmental waters. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Sun Y, Xie J, Peng T, Wang J, Xie S, Yao K, Wang C, Sun S, Xia X, Jiang H. A New Method Based on Time-Resolved Fluoroimmunoassay for the Detection of Streptomycin in Milk. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0797-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Zvereva EA, Shpakova NA, Zherdev AV, Liu L, Xu C, Eremin SA, Dzantiev BB. Fluorescence polarization immunoassay of ractopamine. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683816060168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Development of a Monoclonal Antibody-Based Immunochromatographic Assay Detecting Ractopamine Residues in Swine Urine. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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A method for multiple identification of four β2-Agonists in goat muscle and beef muscle meats using LC-MS/MS based on deproteinization by adjusting pH and SPE for sample cleanup. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0211-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Xiong L, Gao YQ, Li WH, Yang XL, Shimo SP. Simple and sensitive monitoring of β2-agonist residues in meat by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using a QuEChERS with preconcentration as the sample treatment. Meat Sci 2015; 105:96-107. [PMID: 25828164 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection (LC-MS/MS) method was established for the simultaneous determination of the levels of 10 β2-agonists in meat. The samples were extracted using an aqueous acidic solution and cleaned up using a Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) technique utilising a DVB-NVP-SO3Na sorbent synthesised in-house. First, the β2-agonist residues were extracted in an aqueous acidic solution, followed by matrix solid-phase dispersion for clean-up. The linearities of the method were R(2)=0.9925-0.9998, with RSDs of 2.7-15.3% and 73.7-103.5% recoveries. Very low limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) of 0.2-0.9 μg/kg and 0.8-3.2 μg/kg, respectively, were achieved for spiked meat. The values obtained were lower than the maximum residue limits (MRLs) established by the EU and China. These results clearly demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach. The evaluated method provided reliable screening, quantification and identification of 10 β2-agonists in meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xiong
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Livestock Product (Lanzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Ya-Qin Gao
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Livestock Product (Lanzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Wei-Hong Li
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Livestock Product (Lanzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Yang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Livestock Product (Lanzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Shimo Peter Shimo
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Livestock Product (Lanzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou 730050, China
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12
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The serological diagnosis of human clonorchiasis by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay based on GST2-specific IgG4 detection. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:149-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3637-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Lin X, Ni Y, Kokot S. A novel electrochemical sensor for the analysis of β-agonists: the poly(acid chrome blue K)/graphene oxide-nafion/glassy carbon electrode. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 260:508-517. [PMID: 23811373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel modified electrode was constructed by the electro-polymerization of 4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2-hydroxy-5-sulfophenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid trisodium salt (acid chrome blue K (ACBK)) at a graphene oxide (GO)-nafion modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The characterization of an electrochemically synthesized poly-ACBK/GO-nafion film was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques, and the results were interpreted and compared at each stage of the electrode construction. Electrochemical oxidation of eight β-agonists - clenbuterol, salbutamol, terbutaline, ractopamine, dopamine, dobutamine, adrenaline, and isoprenaline, was investigated by CV at the different electrodes. At the poly-ACBK/GO-nafion/GCE, the linear sweep voltammetry peak currents of the eight β-agonists increased linearly with their concentrations in the range of 1.0-36.0 ng mL(-1), respectively, and their corresponding limits of detection (LODs) were within the 0.58-1.46 ng mL(-1) range. This electrode showed satisfactory reproducibility and stability, and was used successfully for the quantitative analysis of clenbuterol in pork samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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14
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Freire EF, Borges KB, Tanimoto H, Nogueira RT, Bertolini LCT, de Gaitani CM. Monitoring of ractopamine concentration in the mixture of this feed additive with vitamin mineral complex and with swine feed by HPLC. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:796-803. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.780213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Pleadin J, Vulic A, Persi N, Terzic S, Andrisic M, Zarkovic I. Rapid Immunoassay Method for the Determination of Clenbuterol and Salbutamol in Blood. J Anal Toxicol 2013; 37:241-5. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkt017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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16
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Pleadin J, Vulic A, Persi N, Terzic S, Andrisic M, Zarkovic I, Sandor K, Perak E, Mihaljevic Z. Accumulation of Ractopamine Residues in Hair and Ocular Tissues of Animals during and after Treatment. J Anal Toxicol 2013; 37:117-21. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bks092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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17
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An electrochemical sensor for rapid determination of ractopamine based on a molecularly imprinted electrosynthesized o-aminothiophenol film. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:1653-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6253-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Pleadin J, Vulić A, Perši N, Terzić S, Andrišić M, Žarković I, Šandor K, Perak E. Comparison of ractopamine residue depletion from internal tissues. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2012; 35:88-92. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2012.702115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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19
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A competitive dual-label time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay for the simultaneous determination of chloramphenicol and ractopamine in swine tissue. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-011-4412-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Hu Y, Li Y, Liu R, Tan W, Li G. Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer beads prepared by microwave heating for selective enrichment of β-agonists in pork and pig liver samples. Talanta 2011; 84:462-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Substitution of Antibody with Molecularly Imprinted Film in Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Determination of Trace Ractopamine in Urine and Pork Samples. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-011-9206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Hu Y, Liu R, Li Y, Li G. Investigation of ractopamine-imprinted polymer for dispersive solid-phase extraction of trace β-agonists in pig tissues. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:2017-25. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Wu Y, Miao H, Fan S, Zhao Y. Determination of 23 β2-agonists and 5 β-blockers in animal muscle by high performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap mass spectrometry. Sci China Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-010-0071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Zhang Z, Liu JF, Shao B, Jiang GB. Time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay as an advantageous approach for highly efficient determination of sulfonamides in environmental waters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:1030-1035. [PMID: 20039709 DOI: 10.1021/es903328b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Using monoclonal antibodies labeled with Eu(3+) chelates, time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) methods were developed for the determination of trace sulfamethazine (SMZ), sulfa-methoxazole (SMX), and sulfadiazine (SDZ) in environmental waters. Under the optimized conditions, the developed methods offered (i) low detection limits (9.8 ng/L SMZ, 6.1 ng/L SMX, and 5.4 ng/L SDZ, based on 90% inhibition) which were about 1 order of magnitude lower than that of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), (ii) high selectivity with no cross-reactivity (<0.05%) to similarly structured sulfonamides; (iii) high tolerance to variation of the sample pH (6.0-9.0) and salinity (0-100 mM), as well as the presence of humic acid (0-100 mg/L DOC) and heavy metals (0-1 mg/L concentration each of Cu(2+), Cd(2+), Hg(2+), Pb(2+), and As(V)) in the samples, and (iv) direct determination with low cost, high sample throughput, and low sample consumption (50-100 microL). The proposed TRFIA procedures were applied to determine sulfonamides in a variety of surface water and wastewater samples without sample pretreatment other than filtration. The satisfactory recoveries (64-127%) and reproducibilities (CV = 0.2-16%) achieved, as well as the good agreement with those given by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy and ELISA methods, demonstrated the applicability of the proposed TRFIA methods for routine screening/quantification of sulfonamides in environmental waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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25
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Shen J, Xu F, Jiang H, Wang Z, Tong J, Guo P, Ding S. Characterization and application of quantum dot nanocrystal–monoclonal antibody conjugates for the determination of sulfamethazine in milk by fluoroimmunoassay. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:2243-50. [PMID: 17899028 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1609-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Revised: 08/29/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Quantum dot (Qdot) nanocrystals have been increasingly used as fluorescence labels in fluoroimmunoassays recently because of their excellent optical characteristics. In this paper, a new monoclonal antibody (MAb) against sulfamethazine (SMZ) was successfully produced and linked to Qdot nanocrystals by covalent coupling. The Qdot-MAb conjugates were characterized by SDS-PAGE and high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was utilized to evaluate the antigen-antibody binding affinity and then a novel direct competitive fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (cFLISA) for the detection of SMZ in milk by using Qdots as fluorescent labels was evaluated. The results showed that the 50% inhibition values (IC50) of the cFLISA were 4.3 ng/mL in milk and 5.2 ng/mL in PBS, and the limits of detection (LODs) were 0.6 ng/mL in milk and 0.4 ng/mL in PBS, respectively. The recoveries of SMZ from spiked milk samples at levels of 10-100 ng/mL ranged from 94 to 106%, with coefficients of variation (CVs) of 2.1-9.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Shen
- National Reference Laboratories for Veterinary Drug Residue, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, People's Republic of China
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