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Wang X, Chen Y, Xie Y, Liu Y, Fan L, Li L, Wang Z, Yang L. Rapid analysis of bioactive compounds from citrus samples by direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry combined with chemometrics. Analyst 2024; 149:3857-3864. [PMID: 38855898 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00316k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Renowned for their nutritional benefits, citrus fruits are harvested at various stages in China for functional food production. This study introduces an innovative analytical method, DART-MS, enabling direct qualitative analysis of citrus samples without the need for preprocessing. Simultaneously, the combination of chemometrics can be applied to distinguish between three different citrus samples: Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride, and Citri Reticulatae "Chachi". Notably, given the international regulatory concerns surrounding synephrine, a precise quantitative analysis method for synephrine was developed. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 39 ng mL-1 and 156 ng mL-1, respectively. The recovery rates obtained varied from 98.46% to 100.71%. Furthermore, the intra-day and inter-day precision demonstrated robust consistency, with values spanning 5.0-6.1% and 5.03-6.08%, respectively, offering quicker results compared to those from HPLC-MS, promising a safer assessment of herbal and food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yilin Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yanqiao Xie
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yamin Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Linhong Fan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Linnan Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Raghavan S, Gurunathan J. Citrus species – a golden treasure box of metabolites that is beneficial against disorders. J Herb Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Maslovarić I, Ilić V, Drvenica I, Stančić A, Mojsilović S, Kukolj T, Bugarski D, Saso L, Nicoletti M. Insight into the Biological Activity of Hennosides-Glucosides Isolated from Lawsonia inermis (henna): Could They Be Regarded as Active Constituents Instead. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:237. [PMID: 33530539 PMCID: PMC7912310 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Henna is the current name of the dye prepared from the dry leaf powder of Lawsonia inermis (Lythraceae). Several studies have focused on the chemistry and pharmacology of the henna dyeing active compound, lawsone, obtained from the main constituents of leaves, hennosides, during the processing of plant material. However, knowledge regarding the biological activity of hennosides is largely lacking. In this paper, the redox activity of three hennoside isomers is reported. The pro-oxidative activity was confirmed by their ability to induce mild lysis of erythrocytes and to increase the level of methemoglobin at the concentration ≥ 500 μg/mL. The antioxidant activity of hennosides (concentration ≥100 μg/mL) was determined by FRAP and ABTS assays. At concentration of 500 μg/mL, antioxidant activity of hennoside isomers was equivalent to 0.46 ± 0.08, 0.62 ± 0.28 and 0.35 ± 0.03 mM FeSO4 × 7H2O, and 0.15 ± 0.01, 0.30 ± 0.01 and 0.09 ± 0.01 mM Trolox. Hennosides at 100 μg/mL concentration did not influence viability of human breast cancer cell lines MDA231 and MCF-7 and primary human peripheral blood and periodontal ligament-mesenchymal stem cells, but produced a modest increase in concentration of antioxidants in the cell culture supernatants. The evidenced antioxidant and pro-oxidant activities indicate their potential to act as redox balance regulator, which opens up the possibility of using hennosides in commercial phytomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Maslovarić
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, POB 39, 11129 Belgrade 102, Serbia; (I.M.); (V.I.); (I.D.); (A.S.); (S.M.); (T.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Vesna Ilić
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, POB 39, 11129 Belgrade 102, Serbia; (I.M.); (V.I.); (I.D.); (A.S.); (S.M.); (T.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Ivana Drvenica
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, POB 39, 11129 Belgrade 102, Serbia; (I.M.); (V.I.); (I.D.); (A.S.); (S.M.); (T.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Ana Stančić
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, POB 39, 11129 Belgrade 102, Serbia; (I.M.); (V.I.); (I.D.); (A.S.); (S.M.); (T.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Slavko Mojsilović
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, POB 39, 11129 Belgrade 102, Serbia; (I.M.); (V.I.); (I.D.); (A.S.); (S.M.); (T.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Tamara Kukolj
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, POB 39, 11129 Belgrade 102, Serbia; (I.M.); (V.I.); (I.D.); (A.S.); (S.M.); (T.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Diana Bugarski
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, POB 39, 11129 Belgrade 102, Serbia; (I.M.); (V.I.); (I.D.); (A.S.); (S.M.); (T.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Square Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marcello Nicoletti
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Square Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Koh AHW, Chess-Williams R, Lohning AE. HPLC-UV-QDa analysis of Citrus aurantium-labelled pre-workout supplements suggest only a minority contain the plant extract. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 193:113746. [PMID: 33190081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) is a common ingredient in pre-workout supplements with purported weight-loss and performance-enhancing effects. Supplements listing Citrus aurantium or p-synephrine have been associated with reports of adverse cardiovascular events attributed to the active biogenic amines, p-synephrine, p-octopamine or p-tyramine. Additionally, questions have been raised as to the authenticity of the plant-derived active components listed on the supplement labels. The aim of this study was to determine the quantities of these amines in a sample of pre-workout supplements which specifically listed Citrus aurantium, and assess the authenticity of plant material by comparing the ratios of amines found to that found in Citrus aurantium standardized reference materials (SRM). The quantities of amines in the supplements and SRMs were determined using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography-single quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-UV-QDa) method. In the Citrus aurantium SRMs the quantities of trace amines found ranged from 5.30 to 38.00 mg/g (synephrine) 0.14-0.35 mg/g (octopamine) and 0.15-1.90 mg/g (tyramine) with an average ratio of 100:1:5 (synephrine: octopamine: tyramine). Only 42 % (5/12) of the supplements tested had ratios consistent with that found in the SRMs. The average trace amine ratio in those supplements was 100:1:3 while the quantities of trace amines found ranged from 0.35 to 31.31 mg/g (synephrine); 0.005 - 0.10 mg/g (octopamine) and 0.01-1.51 mg/g (tyramine). For the remaining supplements, some did not contain any detectable levels of trace amines or only synephrine was detected with concentrations ranging from 0.003 - 0.95 mg/g. These results suggest a role for authenticity/quality assurance testing of pre-workout supplements and more stringent regulation of pre-workout supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Hsien Wei Koh
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, 4229 Queensland, Australia.
| | - Russ Chess-Williams
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, 4229 Queensland, Australia; Centre for Urology Research, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, 4229 Queensland, Australia.
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Pawar RS, Sagi S, Leontyev D. Analysis of bitter orange dietary supplements for natural and synthetic phenethylamines by LC–MS/MS. Drug Test Anal 2020; 12:1241-1251. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul S. Pawar
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration College Park MD USA
| | - Satyanarayanaraju Sagi
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration College Park MD USA
| | - Dmitry Leontyev
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration College Park MD USA
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Allahverdiyeva S, Keskin E, Pınar PT, Yardım Y, Şentürk Z. First Electroanalytical Methodology for the Determination of Hordenine in Dietary Supplements using a Boron‐doped Diamond Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Allahverdiyeva
- Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of ScienceDepartment of Biochemistry 65080 Van Turkey
| | - Ertuğrul Keskin
- Adiyaman University, Faculty of PharmacyDepartment of Analytical Chemistry 02040 Adiyaman Turkey
| | - Pınar Talay Pınar
- Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of PharmacyDepartment of Analytical Chemistry 65080 Van Turkey
| | - Yavuz Yardım
- Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of PharmacyDepartment of Analytical Chemistry 65080 Van Turkey
| | - Zühre Şentürk
- Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of ScienceDepartment of Analytical Chemistry 65080 Van Turkey
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Ni J, Guo Y, Chang N, Cheng D, Yan M, Jiang M, Bai G. Effect of N-methyltyramine on the regulation of adrenergic receptors via enzymatic epinephrine synthesis for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:1393-1398. [PMID: 30841454 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (AFI) and Aurantii Fructus (AF) are all important Citrus species used in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Although they have been used since ancient times and are still in use today, the mechanistic basis for their regulation of adrenergic receptors (ARs) is still not clear. PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to determine the active components and mechanisms of action of CRP, AFI and AF in treating gastrointestinal disorders related to ARs. METHODS First, the phenethylamine alkaloid components of CRP, AFI and AF were identified and compared across 30 samples of three Citrus species by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS in combination with content difference analysis. Second, the effect of the main active alkaloid component on AR-based gastrointestinal disorders was investigated by an in vivo small intestinal propulsive test and an in vitro relaxing small intestinal smooth muscle activity test. The mechanism of AR regulation of the active alkaloid was further studied by evaluating its effect on relaxing small intestinal smooth muscle in the presence of an inhibitor. Lastly, the enzymes, which played an important role in epinephrine synthesis and AR regulation, were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Three phenethylamine AR regulators (N-methyltyramine, synephrine and hordenine) in CRP, AFI and AF were characterized. It was found that N-methyltyramine could relax mouse small intestinal smooth muscle and inhibit small intestinal propulsion. The effect of N-methyltyramine on relaxing small intestinal smooth muscle could be inhibited by a-methyl-l-tyrosine. The enzymes related epinephrine synthesis and AR function were found in the mouse small intestine. The biotransformation process that converts N-methyltyramine to epinephrine was determined. CONCLUSION The treatment of gastrointestinal disorders of CRP, AFI and AF is associated with their alkaloid component N-methyltyramine via the regulation of ARs, and the mechanism is considered to be the biotransformation of N-methyltyramine to epinephrine by serial synthase, which takes place at the nerves cells in small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Ni
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Guo
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianwei Chang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Cheng
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Menglin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China.
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Nicoletti M, Frezza C, Tomassini L, Serafini M, Bianco A. Detection of picramic acid and picramate in henné products by NMR Spectroscopy. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:2073-2078. [PMID: 29932742 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1485676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Painting and body art are increasing their utilisation as well as their cultural impact, since piercing and tattoos are expanding social phenomena, involving many young people. However, the utilised materials often enter the market with insufficient control and several cases of skin damages are reported. Safety of the utilised products must be ensured by adequate quality controls which must be easily made, rapid, low cost, clear and persuasive. The method here reported, regards the analysis on the possible presence of picramic acid in the ethyl acetate extracts of commercial henné powders by NMR Spectroscopy. In the proton spectrum, three sets of peaks could be detected, corresponding to the three classes of makers resonances: hennosides, typical markers of Lawsonia inermis, the henné plant; picramic acid or picramate; fatty acids. In particular, the set of signals corresponding to hennosides can be used as markers of the utilisation of the correct raw material of henné.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Nicoletti
- a Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale : Università di Roma "La Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
| | - Claudio Frezza
- a Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale : Università di Roma "La Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
| | - Lamberto Tomassini
- a Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale : Università di Roma "La Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
| | - Mauro Serafini
- a Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale : Università di Roma "La Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
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Könczöl Á, Rendes K, Dékány M, Müller J, Riethmüller E, Balogh GT. Blood-brain barrier specific permeability assay reveals N -methylated tyramine derivatives in standardised leaf extracts and herbal products of Ginkgo biloba. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 131:167-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sakai Y, Kotani A, Umemura T, Mori Y, Kusu F, Yamamoto K, Hakamata H. Electrochemical Determination of Synephrine by Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography Using a Zwitterionic Monolith Column. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sakai
- School of Pharmacy; Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences; Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Akira Kotani
- School of Pharmacy; Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences; Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Tomonari Umemura
- School of Life Sciences; Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences; Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Yukiko Mori
- School of Life Sciences; Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences; Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Fumiyo Kusu
- School of Pharmacy; Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences; Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- School of Pharmacy; Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences; Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Hideki Hakamata
- School of Pharmacy; Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences; Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
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Validated UPLC–MS/MS method for determination of hordenine in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 111:131-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gallo FR, Multari G, Palazzino G, Pagliuca G, Zadeh SMM, Biapa PCN, Nicoletti M. Henna through the centuries: a quick HPTLC analysis proposal to check henna identity. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Study of the photocatalytic transformation of synephrine: a biogenic amine relevant in anti-doping analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6593-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gallo FR, Multari G, Federici E, Palazzino G, Giambenedetti M, Petitto V, Poli F, Nicoletti M. Chemical fingerprinting of Equisetum arvense L. using HPTLC densitometry and HPLC. Nat Prod Res 2011; 25:1261-70. [PMID: 21854173 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2011.558015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Equisetum arvense L. is a herbaceous medicinal plant, commonly known as horsetail, whose extracts have been reported to possess diuretic and haemostatic properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of fingerprint chromatographic methods on commercially available raw materials or preparations of E. arvense L. in order to ascertain their quality and identify possible adulterants using HPLC and HPTLC densitometry. Two chromatographic methods were used to determine the chemical fingerprints of E. arvense and other allied species. The first was based on HPTLC identification followed by densitometric measurement at 350 nm. The second was based on HPLC separation. The ease of sample preparation and the possibility of simultaneous analysis of several samples in a short time make HPTLC a method of choice for the comprehensive quality evaluation of herbal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca R Gallo
- Dipartimento del Farmaco, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, Rome I-00161, Italy.
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Molecularly imprinted polymers for selective extraction of synephrine from Aurantii Fructus Immaturus. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:1337-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5506-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Revised: 09/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Analysis of octopamine in human doping control samples. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 26:610-5. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Mercolini L, Mandrioli R, Trerè T, Bugamelli F, Ferranti A, Raggi MA. Fast CE analysis of adrenergic amines in different parts of Citrus aurantium fruit and dietary supplements. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:2520-7. [PMID: 20645392 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A CE method has been developed for the simultaneous analysis of the adrenergic amines synephrine, octopamine and tyramine in Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) fruit extracts and in dietary supplements. The analytes were separated on a fused silica capillary (50 microm id, 40.0 cm effective length, 48.5 cm total length) using a BGE composed of phosphate buffer (pH 2.5, 50 mM) and applying a 30 kV potential. The samples were injected hydrodynamically at 50 mbar for 25 s. The use of photodiode array detection (lambda=195 nm) allowed the quantification of the analytes and the control of peak purity. The method has been fully validated, obtaining satisfactory values of precision and extraction yield. The analytes are extracted with water from the dried whole fruits or fruit parts (endocarp, mesocarp and exocarp) or from the commercial formulations and directly injected into the CE apparatus. The results obtained were satisfactory in terms of precision (RSD < 5.7%) and accuracy (recovery > 89%). Thus, the method has demonstrated to be suitable for the qualitative and quantitative determination of synephrine, octopamine and tyramine in C. aurantium extracts, for dietary supplement quality control and for food adulteration identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mercolini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis, University of Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy
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Gallo FR, Multari G, Giambenedetti M, Federici E. Chemical fingerprinting of Lawsonia inermis L. using HPLC, HPTLC and densitometry. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2008; 19:550-559. [PMID: 18618473 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lawsonia inermis L. is a natural red colouring agent, commonly named "Henna", which is used to dye skin and hair. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of L. inermis that is commercially available as a raw plant material or preparation in order to guarantee good quality products. OBJECTIVE To develop a simple protocol for the qualification of different samples labelled as L. inermis by using the HPTLC densitometry method and to identify possible adulterations with other plants. METHODOLOGY Samples of leaves of L. inermis were extracted with methanol. Two chromatographic methods were developed to determine the chemical fingerprinting of L. inermis. The first was based on HPTLC identification followed by densitometric measurements at 337 nm. The second was based on RP-HPLC separation with gradient elution and photodiode array detection at 337 nm. Samples of Cassia obovata Collad., and Indigofera tinctoria L., were treated in the same way. RESULTS The simplicity of the sample preparation, and the possibility of analysing several samples of herbal products simultaneously in a short time, make HPTLC the method of choice. The HPTLC method was feasible for the comprehensive quality evaluation of herbal products. From the comparison of their "fingerprint", it was possible to detect substitution of plants that are different from those declared on the label. CONCLUSION The HPTLC may be used as a rapid method by which to control the quality of raw plant materials and formulations based on the title plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Romana Gallo
- Dipartimento del Farmaco, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V. le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy.
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Determination of para-synephrine and meta-synephrine positional isomers in bitter orange-containing dietary supplements by LC/UV and LC/MS/MS. Food Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Certification of standard reference materials containing bitter orange. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:2023-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2074-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2007] [Revised: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 03/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Nelson BC, Putzbach K, Sharpless KE, Sander LC. Mass spectrometric determination of the predominant adrenergic protoalkaloids in bitter orange (Citrus aurantium). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:9769-9775. [PMID: 17966980 DOI: 10.1021/jf072030s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The predominant adrenergic protoalkaloid found in the peel and fruit of bitter orange, Citrus aurantium, is synephrine. Synephrine is reputed to have thermogenic properties and is used as a dietary supplement to enhance energy and promote weight loss. However, there exists some concern that the consumption of dietary supplements containing synephrine or similar protoalkaloids may contribute to adverse cardiovascular events. This study developed and validated a positive-ion mode liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for the quantitative determination of the major (synephrine) and minor (tyramine, N-methyltyramine, octopamine, and hordenine) adrenergic protoalkaloids in a suite of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) bitter orange Standard Reference Materials (SRMs): SRM 3258 Bitter Orange Fruit, SRM 3259 Bitter Orange Extract, and SRM 3260 Bitter Orange Solid Oral Dosage Form. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) for all protoalkaloids is approximately 1 pg on-column, except for octopamine (20 pg on-column). Additionally, the method has a linear dynamic range of > or =3 orders of magnitude for all of the protoalkaloids. Individual, as well as "total", protoalkaloid levels (milligrams per kilogram) in the NIST SRMs were determined and compared to the levels measured by an independent liquid chromatography/fluorescence detection (LC/FD) method. Satisfactory concordance between the LC/MS/MS and LC/FD protoalkaloid measurements was demonstrated. LC/MS/MS analysis of the protoalkaloids in the SRMs resulted in mean measurement imprecision levels of < or =10% coefficient of variation (% CV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant C Nelson
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Stop 8392, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8392, USA.
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