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Cinquanta L, Infantino M, Bizzaro N. Detecting Autoantibodies by Multiparametric Assays: Impact on Prevention, Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Personalized Therapy in Autoimmune Diseases. J Appl Lab Med 2022; 7:137-150. [PMID: 34996071 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfab132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The introduction of multiparametric autoantibody tests has been proposed to improve the accuracy of the immunological diagnosis of autoimmune diseases (AID) and to accelerate time for completing the diagnostic process. Multiplex tests are capable of detecting many autoantibodies in a single run whereas a traditional immunoassay uses a single antigen to detect only a single specificity of autoantibodies. The reasons why multiplex tests could replace conventional immunoassays lie in the evidence that they allow for more efficient handling of large numbers of samples by the laboratory, while ensuring greater diagnostic sensitivity in AID screening. CONTENT This review aims to highlight the important role that multiparametric tests could assume when designed for defined profiles they are used not only for diagnostic purposes but also to predict the onset of AID to identify clinical phenotypes and to define prognosis. Furthermore, differences in the antibody profile could identify which subjects will be responsive or not to a specific pharmacological treatment. SUMMARY The use of autoantibody profiles, when specifically requested and performed with clinically validated technologies, can represent a significant step toward personalized medicine in autoimmunology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Infantino
- Laboratorio di Immunologia e Allergologia, Ospedale S. Giovanni di Dio, Firenze, Italy
| | - Nicola Bizzaro
- Laboratorio di Patologia Clinica, Ospedale San Antonio, Tolmezzo, Italy.,Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Udine, Udine, Italy
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Szabó G, Antal-Szalmás P, Kerényi A, Pénzes K, Bécsi B, Kappelmayer J. Laboratory Approaches to Test the Function of Antiphospholipid Antibodies. Semin Thromb Hemost 2021; 48:132-144. [PMID: 34261151 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1730357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder caused by the presence of aPLs (antiphospholipid antibodies, i.e., anti-β2-glycoprotein I and anti-cardiolipin). Everyday practice in terms of laboratory diagnostics of APS includes determination of aPLs and well-known functional assays assessing for lupus anticoagulant (LA), in turn using various tests. According to recent guidelines, the recommended method for LA identification or exclusion is based on the Russell Viper Venom test and a sensitive activated partial thromboplastin time assay. Despite the fact that LA can be quantified in laboratory practice in this way, LA is still used as a binary parameter that is just one of the risk factors of thrombosis in APS. As of today, there are no other functional assays to routinely assess the risk of thrombosis in APS. It is well-known that APS patients display a wide range of clinical outcomes although they may express very similar laboratory findings. One way to solve this dilemma, could be if antibodies could be further delineated using more advanced functional tests. Therefore, we review the diagnostic approaches to test the function of aPLs. We further discuss how thrombin generation assays, and rotational thromboelastometry tests can be influenced by LA, and how experimental methods, such as flow cytometric platelet activation, surface plasmon resonance, or nano differential scanning fluorimetry can bring us closer to the puzzling interaction of aPLs with platelets as well as with their soluble protein ligand. These novel approaches may eventually enable better characterization of aPL, and also provide a better linkage to APS pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Szabó
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Thrombosis, Haemostasis and Vascular Biology Programme, Kálmán Laki Doctoral School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Antal-Szalmás
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienne Kerényi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Pénzes
- Division of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bálint Bécsi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Kappelmayer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Orlov A, Pushkarev A, Znoyko S, Novichikhin D, Bragina V, Gorshkov B, Nikitin P. Multiplex label-free biosensor for detection of autoantibodies in human serum: Tool for new kinetics-based diagnostics of autoimmune diseases. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 159:112187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ghorbani F, Abbaszadeh H, Mehdizadeh A, Ebrahimi-Warkiani M, Rashidi MR, Yousefi M. Biosensors and nanobiosensors for rapid detection of autoimmune diseases: a review. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:838. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3844-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
Immunosensors are compact tools on which antibody and antigen interactions are formed. The specific interaction between antibody and antigen is detected by using a transducer and an electrical signal is measured. This specific interaction between these molecules makes immunosensor very attractive for several applications in different fields. Electrochemical immunosensors are successful devices in selective and sensitive detection of several analytes. Electrochemical transducing methods such as voltammetric, potentiometric, conductometric or impedimetric have been utilized in different applications due to their excellent properties such as being low-cost, sensitivity and simplicity. In this chapter, the fundamentals of electrochemical immunosensors are summarized and different applications in food, environmental and clinical analyses are investigated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Burcu Aydin
- Namık Kemal University, Scientific and Technological Research Center, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
| | - Muhammet Aydin
- Namık Kemal University, Scientific and Technological Research Center, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kemal Sezgintürk
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Engineering, Bioengineering Department, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Fagúndez P, Brañas G, Cairoli E, Laíz J, Tosar JP. An electrochemical biosensor for rapid detection of anti-dsDNA antibodies in absolute scale. Analyst 2018; 143:3874-3882. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00020d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The authors report an electrochemical biosensor enabling fast (30 min) detection of anti-DNA antibodies in serum with reduced manipulation steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Fagúndez
- Analytical Biochemistry Unit
- Nuclear Research Center
- Faculty of Science
- Universidad de la República
- Montevideo 11400
| | - Gustavo Brañas
- Analytical Biochemistry Unit
- Nuclear Research Center
- Faculty of Science
- Universidad de la República
- Montevideo 11400
| | - Ernesto Cairoli
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit
- Clínica Médica C
- Hospital de Clínicas
- Universidad de la República
- Montevideo 11600
| | - Justo Laíz
- Analytical Biochemistry Unit
- Nuclear Research Center
- Faculty of Science
- Universidad de la República
- Montevideo 11400
| | - Juan Pablo Tosar
- Analytical Biochemistry Unit
- Nuclear Research Center
- Faculty of Science
- Universidad de la República
- Montevideo 11400
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7
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Liu X, Jiang H. Construction and Potential Applications of Biosensors for Proteins in Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 17:E2805. [PMID: 29207528 PMCID: PMC5750678 DOI: 10.3390/s17122805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors for proteins have shown attractive advantages compared to traditional techniques in clinical laboratory diagnosis. In virtue of modern fabrication modes and detection techniques, various immunosensing platforms have been reported on basis of the specific recognition between antigen-antibody pairs. In addition to profit from the development of nanotechnology and molecular biology, diverse fabrication and signal amplification strategies have been designed for detection of protein antigens, which has led to great achievements in fast quantitative and simultaneous testing with extremely high sensitivity and specificity. Besides antigens, determination of antibodies also possesses great significance for clinical laboratory diagnosis. In this review, we will categorize recent immunosensors for proteins by different detection techniques. The basic conception of detection techniques, sensing mechanisms, and the relevant signal amplification strategies are introduced. Since antibodies and antigens have an equal position to each other in immunosensing, all biosensing strategies for antigens can be extended to antibodies under appropriate optimizations. Biosensors for antibodies are summarized, focusing on potential applications in clinical laboratory diagnosis, such as a series of biomarkers for infectious diseases and autoimmune diseases, and an evaluation of vaccine immunity. The excellent performances of these biosensors provide a prospective space for future antibody-detection-based disease serodiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210003, China.
| | - Hui Jiang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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Schlichtiger A, Luppa PB, Neumeier D, Thaler M. Biosensor approaches for the detection of autoantibodies in human serum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12566-012-0028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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Electrochemical immunosensor detection of antigliadin antibodies from real human serum. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:4471-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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D'Orazio P. Biosensors in clinical chemistry - 2011 update. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:1749-61. [PMID: 21729694 PMCID: PMC7094392 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Research activity and applications of biosensors for measurement of analytes of clinical interest over the last eight years are reviewed. Nanotechnology has been applied to improve performance of biosensors using electrochemical, optical, mechanical and physical modes of transduction, and to allow arrays of biosensors to be constructed for parallel sensing. Biosensors have been proposed for measurement of cancer biomarkers, cardiac biomarkers as well as biomarkers for autoimmune disease, infectious disease and for DNA analysis. Novel applications of biosensors include measurements in alternate sample types, such as saliva. Biosensors based on immobilized whole cells have found new applications, for example to detect the presence of cancer and to monitor the response of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. The number of research reports describing new biosensors for analytes of clinical interest continues to increase; however, movement of biosensors from the research laboratory to the clinical laboratory has been slow. The greatest impact of biosensors will be felt at point-of-care testing locations without laboratory support. Integration of biosensors into reliable, easy-to-use and rugged instrumentation will be required to assure success of biosensor-based systems at the point-of-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D'Orazio
- Instrumentation Laboratory, Bedford, MA 01730, United States.
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Dulay S, Lozano-Sánchez P, Iwuoha E, Katakis I, O'Sullivan CK. Electrochemical detection of celiac disease-related anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies using thiol based surface chemistry. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:3852-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Surface plasmon resonance in doping analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:389-403. [PMID: 21448606 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4830-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Doping analysis relies on the determination of prohibited substances that should not be present in the body of an athlete or that should be below a threshold value. In the case of xenobiotics their mere presence is sufficient to establish a doping offence. However, in the case of human biotics the analytical method faces the difficulty of distinguishing between endogenous and exogenous origin. For this purpose ingenious strategies have been implemented, often aided by state-of-the-art technological advancements such as mass spectrometry in all its possible forms. For larger molecules, i.e. protein hormones, the innate structural complexity, the heterogeneous nature, and the extremely low levels in biological fluids have rendered the analytical procedures heavily dependent of immunological approaches. Although approaches these confer specificity and sensitivity to the applications, most rely on the use of two, or even three, antibody incubations with the consequent increment in assay variability. Moreover, the requirement for different antibodies that separately recognise different epitopes in screening and confirmation assays further contributes to differences encountered in either measurement. The development of analytical techniques to measure interactions directly, such as atomic force microscopy, quartz crystal microbalance or surface plasmon resonance, have greatly contributed to the accurate evaluation of molecular interactions in all fields of biology, and expectations are that this will only increase. Here, an overview is provided of surface plasmon resonance, and its particular value in application to the field of doping analysis.
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Gruhl FJ, Rapp BE, Länge K. Biosensors for diagnostic applications. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 133:115-48. [PMID: 22223139 DOI: 10.1007/10_2011_130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors combine a transducer with a biorecognition element and thus are able to transform a biochemical event on the transducer surface directly into a measurable signal. By this they have the potential to provide rapid, real-time, and accurate results in a comparatively easy way, which makes them promising analytical devices. Since the first biosensor was introduced in 1962 as an "enzyme electrode" for monitoring glucose in blood, medical applications have been the main driving force for further biosensor development. In this chapter we outline potential biosensor setups, focusing on transduction principles, biorecognition layers, and biosensor test formats, with regard to potential applications. A summary of relevant aspects concerning biosensor integration in efficient analytical setups is included. We describe the latest applications of biosensors in diagnostic applications focusing on detection of molecular biomarkers in real samples. An overview of the current state and future trends of biosensors in this field is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike J Gruhl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Microstructure Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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14
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Biosensors with label-free detection designed for diagnostic applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:2403-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3906-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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15
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Müller C, Schlichtiger A, Balling G, Steigerwald U, Luppa PB, Thaler M. Standardized antigen preparation to achieve comparability of anti-beta2-glycoprotein I assays. Thromb Res 2010; 126:e102-9. [PMID: 20659619 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2010.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Sydney classification for diagnosis of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) first introduced the determination of anti-beta2-glycoprotein I (anti-beta2-GPI)-antibodies in serum as laboratory criteria. In this context, widely differing results of anti-beta2-GPI assays are a concerning issue. Considerable efforts have been made to optimize ELISAs, however little attention was hitherto spent to the antigen preparation. We evaluated the influence of different beta2-GPI preparations on the ability to separate ill and healthy patients and on the comparability of anti-beta2-GPI-assays. MATERIALS AND METHODS Microplates were coated with various beta2-GPI preparations and anti-beta2-GPI IgG- and IgM-ELISAs were performed for 21 APS patients and 21 controls using the monoclonal calibrators HCAL and EY2C9. Subsequently, by use of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor, affinity constants for the HCAL- and EY2C9-interaction with each beta2-GPI preparation were determined and antigen binding of sera of APS patients and controls was studied. RESULTS All ss2-GPI preparations showed good discrimination ability ill vs. healthy but poor inter-assay comparability in the ELISAs. Affinity constants for HCAL and EY2C9 were independent of the beta2-GPI variant (K(A) 0.105 - 0.200 and 0.449 - 1.04 x 10(10)M(-1); K(D) 50.0 - 95.5 and 9.61 - 22.3 x 10(-11)M, respectively). In the biosensor, reactivity to the different beta2-GPIs was negligible for the controls and varied considerably for patients. CONCLUSION Inter-assay comparability of anti-beta2-GPI ELISAs is highly dependent upon the beta2-GPI preparation. Only agreement on one common beta2-GPI preparation will improve the requested inter-assay comparability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Müller
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675 München, Germany
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Yun YH, Eteshola E, Bhattacharya A, Dong Z, Shim JS, Conforti L, Kim D, Schulz MJ, Ahn CH, Watts N. Tiny medicine: nanomaterial-based biosensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2009; 9:9275-99. [PMID: 22291565 PMCID: PMC3260642 DOI: 10.3390/s91109275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tiny medicine refers to the development of small easy to use devices that can help in the early diagnosis and treatment of disease. Early diagnosis is the key to successfully treating many diseases. Nanomaterial-based biosensors utilize the unique properties of biological and physical nanomaterials to recognize a target molecule and effect transduction of an electronic signal. In general, the advantages of nanomaterial-based biosensors are fast response, small size, high sensitivity, and portability compared to existing large electrodes and sensors. Systems integration is the core technology that enables tiny medicine. Integration of nanomaterials, microfluidics, automatic samplers, and transduction devices on a single chip provides many advantages for point of care devices such as biosensors. Biosensors are also being used as new analytical tools to study medicine. Thus this paper reviews how nanomaterials can be used to build biosensors and how these biosensors can help now and in the future to detect disease and monitor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo-Heung Yun
- Nanoworld and Smart Materials and Devices Laboratory, College of Engineering, University of Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Edward Eteshola
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Inst, Biomedical Engineering Dept. The Ohio State University, OH, 43210, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Amit Bhattacharya
- Environmental Health, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Zhongyun Dong
- Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA; E-Mail: (Z.D.); (L.C.)
| | - Joon-Sub Shim
- BioMEMS Lab, College of Engineering, University of Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Laura Conforti
- Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA; E-Mail: (Z.D.); (L.C.)
| | - Dogyoon Kim
- College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, OH, 43210, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Mark J. Schulz
- Nanoworld and Smart Materials and Devices Laboratory, College of Engineering, University of Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Chong H. Ahn
- BioMEMS Lab, College of Engineering, University of Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Nelson Watts
- University of Cincinnati, Bone Health and Osteoporosis Center, College of Medicine, OH, 45221, USA; E-Mail:
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Hueber W, Robinson WH. Genomics and proteomics: Applications in autoimmune diseases. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2009; 2:39-48. [PMID: 23226033 PMCID: PMC3513200 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s4708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tremendous progress has been made over the past decade in the development and refinement of genomic and proteomic technologies for the identification of novel drug targets and molecular signatures associated with clinically important disease states, disease subsets, or differential responses to therapies. The rapid progress in high-throughput technologies has been preceded and paralleled by the elucidation of cytokine networks, followed by the stepwise clinical development of pathway-specific biological therapies that revolutionized the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Together, these advances provide opportunities for a long-anticipated personalized medicine approach to the treatment of autoimmune disease. The ever-increasing numbers of novel, innovative therapies will need to be harnessed wisely to achieve optimal long-term outcomes in as many patients as possible while complying with the demands of health authorities and health care providers for evidence-based, economically sound prescription of these expensive drugs. Genomic and proteomic profiling of patients with autoimmune diseases holds great promise in two major clinical areas: (1) rapid identification of new targets for the development of innovative therapies and (2) identification of patients who will experience optimal benefit and minimal risk from a specific (targeted) therapy. In this review, we attempt to capture important recent developments in the application of genomic and proteomic technologies to translational research by discussing informative examples covering a diversity of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Hueber
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; ; Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; ; Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Novartis, Basle, Switzerland
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Taitt CR, Shriver-Lake LC, Ngundi MM, Ligler FS. Array Biosensor for Toxin Detection: Continued Advances. SENSORS 2008; 8:8361-8377. [PMID: 27873991 PMCID: PMC3791022 DOI: 10.3390/s8128361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Revised: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The following review focuses on progress made in the last five years with the NRL Array Biosensor, a portable instrument for rapid and simultaneous detection of multiple targets. Since 2003, the Array Biosensor has been automated and miniaturized for operation at the point-of-use. The Array Biosensor has also been used to demonstrate (1) quantitative immunoassays against an expanded number of toxins and toxin indicators in food and clinical fluids, and (2) the efficacy of semi-selective molecules as alternative recognition moieties. Blind trials, with unknown samples in a variety of matrices, have demonstrated the versatility, sensitivity, and reliability of the automated system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Rowe Taitt
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375-5348, USA.
| | - Lisa C Shriver-Lake
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375-5348, USA.
| | - Miriam M Ngundi
- Food and Drug Administration, N29 RM418 HFM-434, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Frances S Ligler
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375-5348, USA.
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