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Barrett H, Sun J, Gong Y, Yang P, Hao C, Verreault J, Zhang Y, Peng H. Triclosan is the Predominant Antibacterial Compound in Ontario Sewage Sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:14923-14936. [PMID: 35594374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sewage treatment plants (STPs) accumulate both antibiotic and nonantibiotic antimicrobial compounds that can select for antibiotic resistant bacteria. Herein, we aimed to identify the predominant antibacterial compounds impacting E. coli from Ontario sewage sludge consisting of thousands of unknown compounds. Among the 10 extracted sludge samples, 6 extracts exerted significant growth inhibition effects in E. coli. A total of 103 compounds were tentatively detected across the 10 sludge samples by suspect screening, among which the bacterial enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) inhibitor triclocarban was detected at the highest abundance. A hypomorphic FabI knockdown E. coli strain was highly susceptible to the sludge extracts, confirming FabI inhibitors as the primary antibacterial compounds in the sludge. Protein affinity pulldown identified triclosan as the major ligand binding to a His-tagged FabI protein from the sludge, despite the higher abundance of triclocarban in the same samples. Effect-directed analysis was used to determine the contributions of triclosan to the observed antibacterial potencies. Antibacterial effects were only detected in F17 and F18 across 20 fractions, which was consistent with the elution of triclosan and triclocarban in the same two fractions. Further, potency mass balance analysis confirmed that triclosan explained the majority (58-113%) of inhibition effects from sludge extracts. This study highlighted triclosan as the predominant antibacterial compound in sewage sludge impacting E. coli despite the co-occurrence of numerous other antibiotics and nonantibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jianxian Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Yufeng Gong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Paul Yang
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks (MECP), Toronto, ON M7A 1N3, Canada
| | - Chunyan Hao
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks (MECP), Toronto, ON M7A 1N3, Canada
| | - Jonathan Verreault
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
- School of the Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
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2
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Miglani R, Parveen N, Kumar A, Ansari MA, Khanna S, Rawat G, Panda AK, Bisht SS, Upadhyay J, Ansari MN. Degradation of Xenobiotic Pollutants: An Environmentally Sustainable Approach. Metabolites 2022; 12:818. [PMID: 36144222 PMCID: PMC9505297 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of microorganisms to detoxify xenobiotic compounds allows them to thrive in a toxic environment using carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, and nitrogen from the available sources. Biotransformation is the most effective and useful metabolic process to degrade xenobiotic compounds. Microorganisms have an exceptional ability due to particular genes, enzymes, and degradative mechanisms. Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi have unique properties that enable them to partially or completely metabolize the xenobiotic substances in various ecosystems.There are many cutting-edge approaches available to understand the molecular mechanism of degradative processes and pathways to decontaminate or change the core structure of xenobiotics in nature. These methods examine microorganisms, their metabolic machinery, novel proteins, and catabolic genes. This article addresses recent advances and current trends to characterize the catabolic genes, enzymes and the techniques involved in combating the threat of xenobiotic compounds using an eco-friendly approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashi Miglani
- Department of Zoology, D.S.B Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital 263002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nagma Parveen
- Department of Zoology, D.S.B Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital 263002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ankit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sir J. C Bose Technical Campus, Bhimtal, Nainital 263136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mohd. Arif Ansari
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, D.S.B Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital 263002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Soumya Khanna
- Department of Anatomy, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Rawat
- Department of Zoology, D.S.B Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital 263002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amrita Kumari Panda
- Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gahira Guru University, Ambikapur 497001, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Satpal Singh Bisht
- Department of Zoology, D.S.B Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital 263002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jyoti Upadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Energy Acre Campus Bidholi, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mohd Nazam Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Xenobiotics-Division and Methods of Detection: A Review. J Xenobiot 2021; 11:130-141. [PMID: 34842778 PMCID: PMC8628977 DOI: 10.3390/jox11040009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenobiotics are compounds of synthetic origin, usually used for domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes; in the environment, they are present in micropollutant concentrations and high concentrations (using ng/L to µg/L units). Xenobiotics can be categorized according to different criteria, including their nature, uses, physical state, and pathophysiological effects. Their impacts on humans and the environment are non-negligible. Prolonged exposure to even low concentrations may have toxic, mutagenic, or teratogenic effects. Wastewater treatment plants that are ineffective at minimizing the release of xenobiotic compounds are one of the main sources of xenobiotics in the environment (e.g., xenobiotic compounds reach the environment, affecting both humans and animals). In order to minimize the negative impacts, various laws and regulations have been adopted in the EU and across the globe, with an emphasis on xenobiotics removal from the environment, in a way that is economically, environmentally, and socially acceptable, and will not result in their accumulation, or creation of compounds that are more harmful. Detection methods allow detecting even small concentrations of xenobiotics in samples, but the problem is the diversity and mix of compounds present in the environment, in which it is not known what their effects are). In this review, the division of xenobiotics and their detection methods will be presented.
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Szczybelski AS, van den Heuvel-Greve MJ, Koelmans AA, van den Brink NW. Biomarker responses and biotransformation capacity in Arctic and temperate benthic species exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 662:631-638. [PMID: 30703720 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring parameters for the assessment of oil and gas related contaminants and their biological effects need validation before application in the Arctic. For such monitoring purposes, we evaluated the potential use of three biomarkers (acetylcholinesterase, acyl-CoA oxidase and glutathione S-transferase) for application to an Arctic bivalve (Astarte borealis) and determined the body residue of pyrene and two pyrene metabolites (1-hydroxypyrene and pyrene-1-glucuronide) in Arctic benthic species (bivalve: Macoma calcarea; polychaete: Nephtys ciliata) and temperate benthic species (bivalve: Limecola balthica; polychaete: Alitta virens) in order to establish the potential of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) metabolite profiles as biomarkers of exposure in such species. Experimental PAH exposure levels were probably too low (0.2-1.7 mg/kg dry weight in sediment) to induce or inhibit biomarker responses in A. borealis. Concentrations of pyrene and pyrene metabolites varied between species, although no consistent patterns could be established among taxonomic groups and locations. Metabolites made up to 79% of the total pyrene concentrations, indicating that basal metabolic activity is affecting pyrene kinetics even at low concentrations in all species. This indicates that Arctic and temperate species could show similar metabolism patterns of PAHs, although more insight into the effects of confounding factors is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna S Szczybelski
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Animal Ecology, Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Albert A Koelmans
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Marine Research, P.O. Box 77, 4400 AB Yerseke, the Netherlands
| | - Nico W van den Brink
- Sub-department of Toxicology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8000, 6700 EA Wageningen, the Netherlands
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5
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Lindholm-Lehto PC, Ahkola HSJ, Knuutinen JS. Procedures of determining organic trace compounds in municipal sewage sludge-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:4383-4412. [PMID: 27966086 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge is the largest by-product generated during the wastewater treatment process. Since large amounts of sludge are being produced, different ways of disposal have been introduced. One tempting option is to use it as fertilizer in agricultural fields due to its high contents of inorganic nutrients. This, however, can be limited by the amount of trace contaminants in the sewage sludge, containing a variety of microbiological pollutants and pathogens but also inorganic and organic contaminants. The bioavailability and the effects of trace contaminants on the microorganisms of soil are still largely unknown as well as their mixture effects. Therefore, there is a need to analyze the sludge to test its suitability before further use. In this article, a variety of sampling, pretreatment, extraction, and analysis methods have been reviewed. Additionally, different organic trace compounds often found in the sewage sludge and their methods of analysis have been compiled. In addition to traditional Soxhlet extraction, the most common extraction methods of organic contaminants in sludge include ultrasonic extraction (USE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) followed by instrumental analysis based on gas or liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra C Lindholm-Lehto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Heidi S J Ahkola
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Survontie 9 A, FI-40500, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Juha S Knuutinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
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6
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Blanco-Zubiaguirre L, Olivares M, Castro K, Iñañez JG, Madariaga JM. An alternative analytical method based on ultrasound micro bath hydrolysis and GC-MS analysis for the characterization of organic biomarkers in archaeological ceramics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:8001-8012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Raposo JC, Villanueva U, Olivares M, Madariaga JM. Determination of humic substances in sediments by focused ultrasound extraction and ultraviolet visible spectroscopy. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8
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Determination of endocrine disrupting compounds in fish liver, brain, and muscle using focused ultrasound solid–liquid extraction and dispersive solid phase extraction as clean-up strategy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:5689-5700. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9697-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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9
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Ben Salem F, Ben Said O, Duran R, Monperrus M. Validation of an Adapted QuEChERS Method for the Simultaneous Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Organochlorine Pesticides in Sediment by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 96:678-684. [PMID: 27000380 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1770-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) method has been adapted and validated for the simultaneous analysis of 16 PAHs, 12 PCBs and 9 OCPs in sediment. The sample preparation was adapted by modifying the nature of the extraction solvent, the extraction technique and the amount of sediment. The analytical performances were evaluated in terms of accuracy, linearity and quantification limits. The method was validated by the analysis of a reference marine sediment material (SRM 1941b). The obtained concentrations are in good agreement with the certified values with recoveries ranging 60 %-103 % for most of PAHs. Acceptable recoveries are obtained for PCBs, ranging 76 %-131 %, and for OCPs ranging 81 %-137 %. The method was applied to the analysis of sediments from the hydro-system Bizerte Lagoon/Ichkeul Lake (Tunisia). The Bizerte lagoon is mainly contaminated by PAHs whereas the Ichkeul lake is mainly by OCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fida Ben Salem
- Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
- Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie - IPREM UMR 5254 CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Pau, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique et Environnement, IPREM UMR 5254 CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Pau, France
| | - Olfa Ben Said
- Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
- Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie - IPREM UMR 5254 CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Pau, France
| | - Robert Duran
- Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie - IPREM UMR 5254 CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Pau, France
| | - Mathilde Monperrus
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique et Environnement, IPREM UMR 5254 CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Pau, France.
- UFR Sciences et Techniques de la Côte Basque Allée du Parc Montaury, 64600, Anglet, France.
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10
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Bigus P, Tsakovski S, Simeonov V, Namieśnik J, Tobiszewski M. Hasse diagram as a green analytical metrics tool: ranking of methods for benzo[a]pyrene determination in sediments. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:3833-41. [PMID: 27038058 PMCID: PMC4848339 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9473-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study presents an application of the Hasse diagram technique (HDT) as the assessment tool to select the most appropriate analytical procedures according to their greenness or the best analytical performance. The dataset consists of analytical procedures for benzo[a]pyrene determination in sediment samples, which were described by 11 variables concerning their greenness and analytical performance. Two analyses with the HDT were performed—the first one with metrological variables and the second one with “green” variables as input data. Both HDT analyses ranked different analytical procedures as the most valuable, suggesting that green analytical chemistry is not in accordance with metrology when benzo[a]pyrene in sediment samples is determined. The HDT can be used as a good decision support tool to choose the proper analytical procedure concerning green analytical chemistry principles and analytical performance merits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Bigus
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), 11/12 G. Narutowicza St., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Stefan Tsakovski
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Chemistry, University of Sofia "St. Kl. Okhridski", J. Bourchier Blvd. 1, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vasil Simeonov
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Chemistry, University of Sofia "St. Kl. Okhridski", J. Bourchier Blvd. 1, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), 11/12 G. Narutowicza St., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marek Tobiszewski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), 11/12 G. Narutowicza St., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
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11
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Wang L, Li W, Zhang F, Li H, Cai G, Li B, Qian G, Du Y. Rapid determination of benzo[a]pyrene by membrane enrichment coupled with solid-phase constant-wavelength synchronous fluorescence spectrometry. LUMINESCENCE 2016; 31:1187-93. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.3088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, and Research Center of Analysis and Test; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Wei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, and Research Center of Analysis and Test; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Feiyu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, and Research Center of Analysis and Test; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Science and Engineering; Dehong Teachers College; Xianchi Road 14 Mangshi 678400 China
| | - Guimin Cai
- Shanghai Lengguang Technology Co., Ltd; Dapu Rd 350 Shanghai 200000 China
| | - Bing Li
- Shanghai Lengguang Technology Co., Ltd; Dapu Rd 350 Shanghai 200000 China
| | - Guangbei Qian
- Shanghai Lengguang Technology Co., Ltd; Dapu Rd 350 Shanghai 200000 China
| | - Yiping Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, and Research Center of Analysis and Test; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
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12
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Blanco-Zubiaguirre L, Arrieta N, Iturregui A, Martinez-Arkarazo I, Olivares M, Castro K, Olazabal MA, Madariaga JM. Focused ultrasound solid-liquid extraction for the determination of organic biomarkers in beachrocks. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2015; 27:430-439. [PMID: 26186864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Beachrocks are consolidated coastal sedimentary formations resulting mainly from the relative rapid cementation of beach sediments by different calcium carbonate polymorphs. Although previous works have already studied the elemental composition and the mineral phases composing these cements, few of them have focused their attention on the organic matter present therein. This work describes an extraction methodology based on focused ultrasound solid-liquid extraction (FUSLE), followed by analysis using large volume injection (LVI) in a programmable temperature vaporizer (PTV) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in order to determine organics such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and biomarkers (hopanes), which can increase and confirm the information obtained so far. This goal has been achieved after the optimization of the main parameters affecting the extraction procedure, such as, extraction solvent, FUSLE variables (amplitude, extraction time and pulse time) and also variables affecting the LVI-PTV (vent time, injection speed and cryo-focusing temperature). The developed method rendered results comparable to traditional extraction methods in terms of accuracy (77-109%) and repeatability (RSD<23%). Finally, the analyses performed over real beachrock samples from the Bay of Biscay (Northern Spain) revealed the presence of the 16 EPA priority PAHs, as well as some organic biomarkers which could increase the knowledge about such beachrock formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Blanco-Zubiaguirre
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - N Arrieta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - A Iturregui
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - I Martinez-Arkarazo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - M Olivares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - K Castro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - M A Olazabal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - J M Madariaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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13
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Tena M, Martínez-Moral M, Cardozo P. Determination of caffeoylquinic acids in feed and related products by focused ultrasound solid–liquid extraction and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1400:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Mijangos L, Bizkarguenaga E, Prieto A, Fernández LA, Zuloaga O. Simultaneous determination of a variety of endocrine disrupting compounds in carrot, lettuce and amended soil by means of focused ultrasonic solid-liquid extraction and dispersive solid-phase extraction as simplified clean-up strategy. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1389:8-18. [PMID: 25746759 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study is focused on the development of an analytical method based on focused ultrasonic solid-liquid extraction (FUSLE) followed by dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) clean-up and liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) optimised for the simultaneous analysis of certain endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), including alkylphenols (APs), bisphenol A (BPA), triclosan (TCS) and several hormones and sterols in vegetables (lettuce and carrot) and amended soil samples. Different variables affecting the chromatographic separation, the electrospray ionisation and mass spectrometric detection were optimised in order to improve the sensitivity of the separation and detection steps. Under the optimised extraction conditions (sonication of 5min at 33% of power with pulse times on of 0.8s and pulse times off of 0.2s in 10mL of n-hexane:acetone (30:70, v:v) mixture using an ice bath), different dSPE clean-up sorbents, such as Florisil, Envi-Carb, primary-secondary amine bonded silica (PSA) and C18, or combinations of them were evaluated for FUSLE extracts before LC-MS/MS. Apparent recoveries and precision in terms of relative standard deviation (RSDs %) of the method were determined at two different fortification levels (according to the matrix and the analyte) and values in the 70-130% and 2-27% ranges, respectively, were obtained for most of the target analytes and matrices. Matrix-matched calibration approach and the use of labelled standards as surrogates were needed for the properly quantification of most analytes and matrices. Method detection limits (MDLs), estimated with fortified samples, in the ranges of 0.1-100ng/g for carrot, 0.2-152ng/g for lettuce and 0.9-31ng/g for amended soil were obtained. The developed methodology was applied to the analysis of 11 EDCs in both real vegetable bought in a local market and in compost (from a local wastewater treatment plant, WWTP) amended soil samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mijangos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - E Bizkarguenaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - A Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - L A Fernández
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - O Zuloaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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Ivdra N, Herrero-Martín S, Fischer A. Validation of user- and environmentally friendly extraction and clean-up methods for compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis of organochlorine pesticides and their metabolites in soils. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1355:36-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Determination of perfluorinated alkyl acids in corn, popcorn and popcorn bags before and after cooking by focused ultrasound solid–liquid extraction, liquid chromatography and quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1355:211-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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17
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Bizkarguenaga E, Iparragirre A, Zabaleta I, Vallejo A, Fernández LA, Prieto A, Zuloaga O. Focused ultrasound assisted extraction for the determination of PBDEs in vegetables and amended soil. Talanta 2014; 119:53-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Fast determination of perfluorocompounds in packaging by focused ultrasound solid-liquid extraction and liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1302:88-94. [PMID: 23830241 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A focused ultrasound solid-liquid extraction (FUSLE) and liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS/MS) based method is proposed to determine six perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in food-contact packaging. FUSLE, a simple, inexpensive and fast extraction technique, has been carried out with just 8mL of ethanol in one cycle of only 10s. The whole method presented good repeatability and intermediate precision, with RSDs below 11% and 15%, respectively; limits of detection, with values between 0.5ng/g and 2.2ng/g, and successful recovery values, around 100% in all cases. The developed method has been validated and applied to the analysis of real food-contact packaging samples. FUSLE results have been compared to those obtained with pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and no significant differences between them have been found. PFAA were detected in all the packaging samples analyzed, in a concentration range between 4ng/g and 29ng/g, being PFHpA (perfluoroheptanoic acid) the most abundant of them.
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Jerman Klen T, Mozetič Vodopivec B. Optimisation of olive oil phenol extraction conditions using a high-power probe ultrasonication. Food Chem 2012; 134:2481-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractSpreading sewage sludge on agricultural lands has been actively promoted by national authorities as an economic way of recycling. However, as by-product of wastewater treatment, sewage sludge may contain toxic substances, which could be incorporated into agricultural products or be distributed in the environment. Moreover, sediments can be contaminated by the discharge of wastewater effluents into rivers. This article reviews the determination of emerging contaminants (surfactants, flame retardants, pharmaceuticals and personal care products) in environmental solid samples (sludge, soil and sediment). Sample preparation, including extraction and clean-up, as well as the subsequent instrumental determination of contaminants are discussed. Recent applications of extraction techniques, such as Soxhlet extraction, ultrasound assisted extraction, pressurised liquid extraction, microwave assisted extraction and matrix solid-phase dispersion to the analysis of emerging contaminants in environmental solid samples are reviewed. Determination of these contaminants, generally carried out by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled with different detectors, especially mass spectrometry for the identification and quantification of residues, is also summarised and discussed.
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Pérez-Palacios D, Fernández-Recio MÁ, Moreta C, Tena MT. Determination of bisphenol-type endocrine disrupting compounds in food-contact recycled-paper materials by focused ultrasonic solid-liquid extraction and ultra performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Talanta 2012; 99:167-74. [PMID: 22967537 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Focused ultrasonic solid-liquid extraction (FUSLE) and reverse-phase ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to a quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometer (Q-TOF-MS) was applied to the determination of bisphenol-type endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in food-contact recycled-paper materials. Recycled paper is a potential source of EDCs. Bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF) and their derivatives bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) are used for the production of epoxy resins employed in the formulation of printing inks. The FUSLE of bisphenol-type EDCs from packaging is reported for the first time. First, different extraction solvents were studied and methanol was selected. Then, the main FUSLE factors affecting the extraction efficiency (solvent volume, extraction time and ultrasonic irradiation power) were studied by means of a central composite design. The FUSLE conditions selected for further experiments were 20 ml of methanol at ultrasonic amplitude of 100% for 5s. Finally, the number of extraction cycles necessary for complete extraction was established in two. The analysis of the FUSLE extracts was carried out by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS with electrospray ionization and the determination of the four analytes took place in only 4 min. The FUSLE and UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS method was validated and applied to the analysis of different food-contact recycled-paper-based materials and packaging. The proposed method provided recoveries from 72% to 97%, repeatability and intermediate precision under 9% and 14%, respectively, and detection limits of 0.33, 0.16, 0.65 and 0.40 μg/g for BPA, BPF, BADGE and BFDGE, respectively. The analysis of paper and cardboard samples confirmed the presence of EDCs in these packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pérez-Palacios
- Department of Chemistry, University of La Rioja, C/Madre de Dios 51, E-26006 Logroño (La Rioja), Spain
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22
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Focused ultrasound solid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry determination of brominated flame retardants in indoor dust. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:289-95. [PMID: 22526646 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5967-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a focused ultrasound solid-liquid extraction (FUSLE) and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of brominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs), from mono- to hexa-congeners, in indoor dust. This approach provided a simple, fast, and economical method. After the solvent extraction selection, the FUSLE conditions were studied using a central composite design. Finally, the number of extraction cycles was studied. The selected conditions were 8 mL of 3:1 n-hexane-acetone mixture as extraction solvent, at a power of 65% for 20 s. The proposed method allowed accurate determination of BDEs, with recovery values around 100% and detection limits between 0.05 and 0.8 ng g(-1). It also has advantages over other existing methods in terms of simplicity, analysis time, and solvent consumption. The analysis of several indoor dust samples showed high concentration values of BDEs 47, 99, 100, 153, and 154 in some of the samples, moreover, BDEs 47 and 99 were found in all samples.
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Martínez-Moral MP, Tena MT. Focused ultrasound solid-liquid extraction and selective pressurised liquid extraction to determine bisphenol A and alkylphenols in sewage sludge by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:2513-22. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Fernández-González R, Martínez-Carballo E, González-Barreiro C, Rial-Otero R, Simal-Gándara J. Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in both products and by-products of a mussel shell incinerator facility. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2011; 18:1139-1146. [PMID: 21336633 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-011-0467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Solid waste incineration has recently attracted much attention because the combustion process involved produces highly toxic organohalogen contaminants such as dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) present in fly ash. This has raised the need for simple, rapid, accurate methods for monitoring PCBs in ash samples. METHODS A method for the simultaneous quantitative determination of indicator, non-ortho and mono-ortho PCBs based on ultrasound-assisted extraction with 50:50 (v/v) n-hexane/acetone was developed, validated, and subsequently applied to real samples from a mussel shell incinerator facility in Galicia. The overall method quantification limits range from 0.35 to 1.5 ng/g in fly ash waste, from 0.30 to 1.0 ng/g in bottom ashes, and from 1.0 to 2.0 ng/g in sludge samples. Mean recoveries between 70% and 105% are achieved. RESULTS DL-PCBs were identified in ash and in sludge samples collected from the wastewater treatment plant of the waste incineration facility. The enrichment factors for fly ash ranged from 3.3 to 3.7. Sewage sludge was also found to contain some polychlorinated biphenyls such as PCB 77 (29 ± 5.0 ng/g; n=4) and PCB 169 (6.9 ± 0.89 ng/g; n=4), as well as three of the seven PCB-like indicators, namely: PCB 138 (14 ± 4.4 ng/g), PCB 153 (6.1 ± 1.4 ng/g), and PCB 180 (7.7 ± 3.0 ng/g). Toxicity equivalent concentrations were 0.0054 ng/g for bottom ash, 0.0264 ng/g for fly ash, and 3.6 ng/g for sewage sludge; these values are well below the limit for DL-PCBs in wastes recently set by the European Union. CONCLUSIONS All samples studied contained PCBs at levels below the maximum tolerated limit established by European legislation. Based on their PCB content, the studied sewage sludge can be used as a soil amendment with no health risk. Also, fly ash and sewage sludge can be deemed stable PCB reservoirs releasing PCBs at concentrations below the regulatory cutoff to runoff water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Fernández-González
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
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Moreta C, Tena MT. Determination of UV filters in packaging by focused ultrasonic solid–liquid extraction and liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3392-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.11.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Optimization of large volume injection-programmable temperature vaporization-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis for the determination of estrogenic compounds in environmental samples. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:8327-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Vallejo A, Usobiaga A, Ortiz-Zarragoitia M, Cajaraville MP, Fernández LA, Zuloaga O. Focused ultrasound-assisted acceleration of enzymatic hydrolysis of alkylphenols and 17β-oestradiol glucuronide in fish bile. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:2307-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4156-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 07/31/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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Determination of alkylphenols and 17β-estradiol in fish homogenate. Extraction and clean-up strategies. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:5890-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Martínez Vidal JL, Garrido Frenich A, de las Nieves Barco Bonilla M, Romero-González R, Padilla Sánchez JA. Simultaneous extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in agricultural soils by pressurized liquid extraction and determination by gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 395:1551-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2009] [Revised: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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