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Rosales-Segovia K, Sans-Duñó J, Companys E, Puy J, Alcalde B, Anticó E, Fontàs C, Galceran J. Effective concentration signature of Zn in a natural water derived from various speciation techniques. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:151201. [PMID: 34699815 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The uptake of nutrients or toxicants by different organisms in aquatic systems is known to correlate with different fractions of the nutrient's or toxicant's total concentration. These fractions can be provided by different analytical techniques, from which the better correlation is expected to be found for those with a characteristic length comparable to that in the considered organism uptake. An effective concentration signature can be built up with the concentration values associated to the availability (i.e. fluxes in dynamic techniques) of the nutrient or toxicant measured by various analytical techniques with different characteristic lengths. Here, this new representation was obtained for the pool of Zn complexes in the Mediterranean stream Riera d'Osor (Girona, Catalonia, Spain) with a suite of four analytical techniques. Absence of Gradients and Nernstian Equilibrium Stripping (AGNES) and Polymer Inclusion Membrane (PIM) devices provided the free Zn concentration. Linear Anodic Stripping Voltammetry provided a labile fraction (defined here as cLASV, higher than the free concentration), related to the diffusion layer scale. Diffusion Gradients in Thin-films provided higher labile fractions (known as DGT concentrations, cDGT) connected to the different characteristic lengths of different configurations (e.g. one or two resin discs) longer, in any case, than that corresponding to LASV. The combination of the information retrieved by the techniques allowed to quantify lability degrees of the pool of Zn complexes and to build up the effective concentration signature for this water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Rosales-Segovia
- Departament de Química. Universitat de Lleida, and AGROTECNIO-CERCA, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Sans-Duñó
- Departament de Química. Universitat de Lleida, and AGROTECNIO-CERCA, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Encarna Companys
- Departament de Química. Universitat de Lleida, and AGROTECNIO-CERCA, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jaume Puy
- Departament de Química. Universitat de Lleida, and AGROTECNIO-CERCA, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Berta Alcalde
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Enriqueta Anticó
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Clàudia Fontàs
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Galceran
- Departament de Química. Universitat de Lleida, and AGROTECNIO-CERCA, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
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Tehrani MH, Companys E, Dago A, Puy J, Galceran J. New methodology to measure low free indium (III) concentrations based on the determination of the lability degree of indium complexes. Assessment of In(OH)3 solubility product. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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David CA, Galceran J, Quattrini F, Puy J, Rey-Castro C. Dissolution and Phosphate-Induced Transformation of ZnO Nanoparticles in Synthetic Saliva Probed by AGNES without Previous Solid-Liquid Separation. Comparison with UF-ICP-MS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:3823-3831. [PMID: 30807690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The variation over time of free Zn2+ ion concentration in stirred dispersions of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) prepared in synthetic saliva at pH 6.80 and 37 °C was followed in situ (without solid-liquid separation step) with the electroanalytical technique AGNES (Absence of Gradients and Nernstian Equilibrium Stripping). Under these conditions, ZnO NPs are chemically unstable due to their reaction with phosphates. The initial stage of transformation (around 5-10 h) involves the formation of a metastable solid (presumably ZnHPO4), which later evolves into the more stable hopeite phase. The overall decay rate of ZnO NPs is significantly reduced in comparison with phosphate-free background solutions of the same ionic strength and pH. The effective equilibrium solubilities of ZnO (0.29-0.47 mg·L-1), as well as conditional excess-ligand stability constants and fractional distributions of soluble Zn species, were determined in the absence and presence of organic components. The results were compared with the conventional ultrafiltration and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (UF-ICP-MS) methodology. AGNES proves to be advantageous in terms of speed, reproducibility, and access to speciation information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calin A David
- Departament de Química , Universitat de Lleida, and AGROTECNIO , Rovira Roure 191 , 25198 Lleida , Spain
| | - Josep Galceran
- Departament de Química , Universitat de Lleida, and AGROTECNIO , Rovira Roure 191 , 25198 Lleida , Spain
| | - Federico Quattrini
- Departament de Química , Universitat de Lleida, and AGROTECNIO , Rovira Roure 191 , 25198 Lleida , Spain
| | - Jaume Puy
- Departament de Química , Universitat de Lleida, and AGROTECNIO , Rovira Roure 191 , 25198 Lleida , Spain
| | - Carlos Rey-Castro
- Departament de Química , Universitat de Lleida, and AGROTECNIO , Rovira Roure 191 , 25198 Lleida , Spain
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Tehrani MH, Companys E, Dago A, Puy J, Galceran J. Free indium concentration determined with AGNES. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 612:269-275. [PMID: 28850847 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Indium is increasingly used in electronic devices, from which it can be mobilized towards environmental compartments. Speciation of In in waters is important for its direct ecotoxicological effects, as well as for the fate of this element in the environment (e.g. fluxes from or towards sediments). Free indium concentrations in the environment can be extremely low due to hydrolysis, especially important in trivalent cations, to precipitation and to complexation with different ligands. In this work, the free indium concentration (which is a toxicologically and geochemically relevant fraction) in aqueous solutions at pH3 has been measured with an adapted version of the electroanalytical technique AGNES (Absence of Gradients and Nernstian Equilibrium Stripping). Speciation measurements in mixtures of indium with the ligands NTA (nitrilotriacetic acid) and oxalate indicate that the values of their stability constants in the NIST46.6 database are less adequate than those published in some more recent literature. The extraordinary lability and mobility of In-oxalate complexes allow the measuring of free indium concentrations below nmol/L in just 25s of deposition time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan H Tehrani
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Lleida, and AGROTECNIO, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Encarna Companys
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Lleida, and AGROTECNIO, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Angela Dago
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Lleida, and AGROTECNIO, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jaume Puy
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Lleida, and AGROTECNIO, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Galceran
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Lleida, and AGROTECNIO, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
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AGNES at vibrated gold microwire electrode for the direct quantification of free copper concentrations. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 920:29-36. [PMID: 27114220 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The free metal ion concentration and the dynamic features of the metal species are recognized as key to predict metal bioavailability and toxicity to aquatic organisms. Quantification of the former is, however, still challenging. In this paper, it is shown for the first time that the concentration of free copper (Cu(2+)) can be quantified by applying AGNES (Absence of Gradients and Nernstian equilibrium stripping) at a solid gold electrode. It was found that: i) the amount of deposited Cu follows a Nernstian relationship with the applied deposition potential, and ii) the stripping signal is linearly related with the free metal ion concentration. The performance of AGNES at the vibrating gold microwire electrode (VGME) was assessed for two labile systems: Cu-malonic acid and Cu-iminodiacetic acid at ionic strength 0.01 M and a range of pH values from 4.0 to 6.0. The free Cu concentrations and conditional stability constants obtained by AGNES were in good agreement with stripping scanned voltammetry and thermodynamic theoretical predictions obtained by Visual MinteQ. This work highlights the suitability of gold electrodes for the quantification of free metal ion concentrations by AGNES. It also strongly suggests that other solid electrodes may be well appropriate for such task. This new application of AGNES is a first step towards a range of applications for a number of metals in speciation, toxicological and environmental studies for the direct determination of the key parameter that is the free metal ion concentration.
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Pearson HB, Galceran J, Companys E, Braungardt C, Worsfold P, Puy J, Comber S. Absence of Gradients and Nernstian Equilibrium Stripping (AGNES) for the determination of [Zn2+] in estuarine waters. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 912:32-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Rocha LS, Galceran J, Puy J, Pinheiro JP. Determination of the Free Metal Ion Concentration Using AGNES Implemented with Environmentally Friendly Bismuth Film Electrodes. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6071-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Josep Galceran
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Lleida and AGROTECNIO, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Jaume Puy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Lleida and AGROTECNIO, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - José Paulo Pinheiro
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire
des Environnements Continentaux, UMR 7360 CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 15 Avenue
du Charmois, 54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
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Galceran J, Lao M, David C, Companys E, Rey-Castro C, Salvador J, Puy J. The impact of electrodic adsorption on Zn, Cd and Pb speciation measurements with AGNES. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Chito D, Galceran J, Companys E, Puy J. Determination of the complexing capacity of wine for Zn using the absence of gradients and nernstian equilibrium stripping technique. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:1051-1059. [PMID: 23320961 DOI: 10.1021/jf3037038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The complexing capacity of synthetic (0.011 M tartrate in 13.5% ethanol) and real wine (Raimat Abadia) in titrations with added total Zn concentrations up to 0.03 M has been determined following the free Zn concentrations with AGNES (absence of gradients and Nernstian equilibrium stripping) technique. A correction to find the preconcentration factor or gain (Y(1)) really applied at each one of the ionic strengths reached due to Zn additions along the titration has been applied. The standard implementation of AGNES to real wine led to the observation of two anomalous behaviors: (a) an increasingly negative current in the deposition stage (labeled as "HER" effect) and (b) a minimum in the currents of the stripping stage plot (labeled as the "dip" effect). A practical strategy to apply AGNES avoiding the dip effect has been developed to quantify properly free Zn concentrations. The van den Berg-Ružic-Lee linearization method (assuming the existence of just 1:1 complexes) has been adapted to consider the dilution effect and the ionic strength changes. Aggregated stability constants and total ligand concentrations have been calculated from synthetic and wine titration data. The found complexing capacity in the studied wine (c(T,L) = 0.0179 ± 0.0007 M) indicates the contribution of ligands other than tartrate (which is confirmed to be the main one).
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Chito
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Lleida , Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
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Aguilar D, Galceran J, Companys E, Puy J, Parat C, Authier L, Potin-Gautier M. Non-purged voltammetry explored with AGNES. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:17510-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52836g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Aguilar D, Parat C, Galceran J, Companys E, Puy J, Authier L, Potin-Gautier M. Determination of free metal ion concentrations with AGNES in low ionic strength media. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chito D, Weng L, Galceran J, Companys E, Puy J, van Riemsdijk WH, van Leeuwen HP. Determination of free Zn2+ concentration in synthetic and natural samples with AGNES (Absence of Gradients and Nernstian Equilibrium Stripping) and DMT (Donnan Membrane Technique). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 421-422:238-244. [PMID: 22341403 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The determination of free Zn(2+) ion concentration is a key in the study of environmental systems like river water and soils, due to its impact on bioavailability and toxicity. AGNES (Absence of Gradients and Nernstian Equilibrium Stripping) and DMT (Donnan Membrane Technique) are emerging techniques suited for the determination of free heavy metal concentrations, especially in the case of Zn(2+), given that there is no commercial Ion Selective Electrode. In this work, both techniques have been applied to synthetic samples (containing Zn and NTA) and natural samples (Rhine river water and soils), showing good agreement. pH fluctuations in DMT and N(2)/CO(2) purging system used in AGNES did not affect considerably the measurements done in Rhine river water and soil samples. Results of DMT in situ of Rhine river water are comparable to those of AGNES in the lab. The comparison of this work provides a cross-validation for both techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Chito
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Lleida, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
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Parat C, Aguilar D, Authier L, Potin-Gautier M, Companys E, Puy J, Galceran J. Determination of Free Metal Ion Concentrations Using Screen-Printed Electrodes and AGNES with the Charge as Response Function. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Parat C, Authier L, Aguilar D, Companys E, Puy J, Galceran J, Potin-Gautier M. Direct determination of free metal concentration by implementing stripping chronopotentiometry as the second stage of AGNES. Analyst 2011; 136:4337-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15481h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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