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Toxicokinetics of 11 Gelsemium Alkaloids in Rats by UPLC-MS/MS. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8247270. [PMID: 32733957 PMCID: PMC7378607 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8247270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gelsemium elegans (Gardn. & Champ.) Benth. is a plant belonging to the genus Gelsemium (family Gelsemiaceae), and its main components are alkaloids. It is a Chinese traditional medicinal plant and notoriously known as a highly toxic medicine. However, a method has not yet been found for the simultaneous detection of 11 Gelsemium alkaloids in rat plasma, and the toxicokinetics of 11 Gelsemium alkaloids after intravenous administration has not been reported. In this work, we have developed a sensitive and rapid method of ultraperformance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for the detection of 11 Gelsemium alkaloids in rat plasma. The toxicokinetic behavior was also investigated, so as to provide a reference of the scientific properties of Gelsemium elegans and improve the efficacy and safety of drugs. Sixty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 11 groups, six rats in each group. Each group was intravenously given one alkaloid (0.1 mg/kg), respectively. A Waters UPLC BEH C18 column (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) was used for chromatographic separation. Methanol and water (containing 0.1% formic acid) were used for the mobile phase with gradient elution. Multiple reactions were monitored, and positive electrospray ionization was used for quantitative analysis. The precision was less than 16%, and the accuracy was between 86.9% and 113.2%. The extraction efficiency was better than 75.8%, and the matrix effects ranged from 88.5% to 107.8%. The calibration curves were in the range of 0.1–200 ng/mL, with a correlation coefficient (R2) greater than 0.995. The UPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to the toxicokinetics of 11 Gelsemium alkaloids in rats after intravenous administration (0.1 mg/kg for each alkaloid). The results of the toxicokinetics provide a basis for the pharmacology and toxicology of Gelsemium alkaloids and scientific evidence for the clinical use of Gelsemium alkaloids.
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Ma JB, Qiu HW, Rui QH, Liao YF, Chen YM, Xu J, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Zhao YG. Enhanced cleanup efficiency hydroxy functionalized-magnetic graphene oxide and its comparison with magnetic carboxyl-graphene for PRiME pass-through cleanup of strychnine and brucine in human plasma samples. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1020:41-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Guo J, Meng H, Li HH, Wang QF. Determination of strychnine, brucine, strychnine N-oxide, and brucine N-oxide in plasma samples after the oral administration of processed semen strychni extract by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultrasound-assisted mixed cloud point extracti. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:2553-61. [PMID: 27125604 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Guo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Xi Jing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xian Shanxi China
| | - Hua Meng
- VIP Health Center and Department of Geriatrics, Xi Jing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xian Shanxi China
| | - Huang Huang Li
- Basic Medical College; Xinjiang Medical University; Urumqi Xinjiang China
| | - Qiao Feng Wang
- Medicinal Chemistry Department; Fourth Military Medical University; Xian Shanxi China
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LC–MS/MS determination and comparative pharmacokinetics of strychnine, brucine and their metabolites in rat plasma after intragastric administration of each monomer and the total alkaloids from Semen Strychni. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1008:65-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Carlier J, Guitton J, Romeuf L, Bévalot F, Boyer B, Fanton L, Gaillard Y. Screening approach by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the blood quantification of thirty-four toxic principles of plant origin. Application to forensic toxicology. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 975:65-76. [PMID: 25438245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plant poisonings have left their mark on history and still cause many deaths, whether intentional or accidental. The means to show toxicological evidence of such poisonings should be implemented with great care. This article presents a technique for measuring thirty-nine toxic principles of plant origin in the blood, covering a large amount of toxins from local or exotic plants: α-lobeline, α-solanine, aconitine, ajmaline, atropine, brucine, cephalomannine, colchicine, convallatoxin, cymarine, cytisine, digitoxin, digoxin, emetine, gelsemine, ibogaine, jervine, kavain, lanatoside C, lupanine, mitragynine, neriifolin, oleandrin, ouabain, paclitaxel, physostigmine, pilocarpine, podophyllotoxin, proscillaridin A, reserpine, retrorsine, ricinine, scopolamine, senecionine, sparteine, strophanthidin, strychnine, veratridine and yohimbine. Analysis was carried out using an original ultra-high performance liquid chromatography separation coupled with tandem mass spectrometry detection. Extraction was a standard solid phase extraction performed on Oasis(®) HLB cartridge. Thirty-four of the thirty-nine compounds were put through a validation procedure. The assay was linear in the calibration curve range from 0.5 or 5 μg/L to 1000 μg/L according to the compounds. The method is sensitive (LOD from 0.1 to 1.6 μg/L). The within-day precision of the assay was less than 22.5% at the LLOQ, and the between-day precision was less than 21.5% for 10 μg/L for all the compounds included. The assay accuracy was in the range of 87.4 to 119.8% for the LLOQ. The extraction recovery and matrix effect ranged from 30 to 106% and from -30 to 14%, respectively. It has proven useful and effective in several difficult forensic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Carlier
- Laboratoire LAT LUMTOX, 800 av. Marie Curie Z.I. Jean Jaurès, 07800 La Voulte-sur-Rhône, France; Ecole Doctorale Interdisciplinaire Sciences-Santé, Université Claude Bernard, Hôpital Louis Pradel, 28 av. du Doyen Lépine, 69677 Bron, France.
| | - Jérôme Guitton
- Laboratoire de toxicologie, Faculté de pharmacie de Lyon, 8 av. Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon, France; Laboratoire de pharmacologie-toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Ludovic Romeuf
- Laboratoire LAT LUMTOX, 800 av. Marie Curie Z.I. Jean Jaurès, 07800 La Voulte-sur-Rhône, France
| | - Fabien Bévalot
- Laboratoire LAT LUMTOX, 71 av. Rockefeller, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Baptiste Boyer
- Institut Médico-Légal, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, 58 rue Montalembert, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Fanton
- Institut médico-légal, Faculté de médecine, 12 av. Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Yvan Gaillard
- Laboratoire LAT LUMTOX, 800 av. Marie Curie Z.I. Jean Jaurès, 07800 La Voulte-sur-Rhône, France
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Zhao L, Zhao F, Zeng B. Preparation of surface-imprinted polymer grafted with water-compatible external layer via RAFT precipitation polymerization for highly selective and sensitive electrochemical determination of brucine. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 60:71-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Koželj G, Perharič L, Stanovnik L, Prosen H. Simple validated LC–MS/MS method for the determination of atropine and scopolamine in plasma for clinical and forensic toxicological purposes. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 96:197-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Odoardi S, Anzillotti L, Strano-Rossi S. Simplifying sample pretreatment: application of dried blood spot (DBS) method to blood samples, including postmortem, for UHPLC-MS/MS analysis of drugs of abuse. Forensic Sci Int 2014; 243:61-7. [PMID: 24814508 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of biological matrices, such as blood, requires the development of suitably selective and reliable sample pretreatment procedures prior to their instrumental analysis. A method has been developed for the analysis of drugs of abuse and their metabolites from different chemical classes (opiates, methadone, fentanyl and analogues, cocaine, amphetamines and amphetamine-like substances, ketamine, LSD) in human blood using dried blood spot (DBS) and subsequent UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. DBS extraction required only 100μL of sample, added with the internal standards and then three droplets (30μL each) of this solution were spotted on the card, let dry for 1h, punched and extracted with methanol with 0.1% of formic acid. The supernatant was evaporated and the residue was then reconstituted in 100μL of water with 0.1% of formic acid and injected in the UHPLC-MS/MS system. The method was validated considering the following parameters: LOD and LOQ, linearity, precision, accuracy, matrix effect and dilution integrity. LODs were 0.05-1ng/mL and LOQs were 0.2-2ng/mL. The method showed satisfactory linearity for all substances, with determination coefficients always higher than 0.99. Intra and inter day precision, accuracy, matrix effect and dilution integrity were acceptable for all the studied substances. The addition of internal standards before DBS extraction and the deposition of a fixed volume of blood on the filter cards ensured the accurate quantification of the analytes. The validated method was then applied to authentic postmortem blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Odoardi
- Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Institute of Public Health, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, L.go F. Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Anzillotti
- Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Institute of Public Health, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, L.go F. Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabina Strano-Rossi
- Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Institute of Public Health, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, L.go F. Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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Simultaneous detection of 22 toxic plant alkaloids (aconitum alkaloids, solanaceous tropane alkaloids, sophora alkaloids, strychnos alkaloids and colchicine) in human urine and herbal samples using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 942-943:63-9. [PMID: 24216273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous detection of 22 toxic plant alkaloids, including aconitum alkaloids and their hydrolyzed products (aconitine, hypaconitine, mesaconitine, yunaconitine, crassicauline A, benzoylaconine, benzoylmesaconine, benzoylhypaconine, deacetylyunaconitine, deacetylcrassicauline A), solanaceous tropane alkaloids (atropine, anisodamine, scopolamine, anisodine), sophora alkaloids (matrine, sophoridine, oxymatrine, cytisine, N-methylcytisine), strychnos alkaloids (brucine, strychnine) and colchicine, in herbal and urine samples was developed and validated. Following sample preparation by liquid-liquid extraction, chromatographic separation was achieved on Eclipse XDB C8 column. Identification was based on two multiple reaction monitoring transitions and the relative ion intensity. Method selectivity was demonstrated. The limits of detection were 5ng/mL for all analytes, except 50ng/mL for cytisine. The herbal matrix effects ranged from 89% to 118%, whereas the urine matrix effects were between 91% and 109% for all analytes except cytisine (57%) and N-methylcytisine (67%). The urine extraction recovery ranged from 74% to 110% for all analytes, except cytisine (15%) and oxymatrine (30%). With the good extraction efficiency of the other major sophora alkaloids, the relatively low extraction recovery of the minor sophora alkaloids cytisine and oxymatrine did not affect identification of sophora alkaloids as a group. Carry-over was minimal at less than 0.1%. The method was successfully applied in analysis of 170 cases of suspected herbal poisoning, with aconitum alkaloids, sophora alkaloids, solanaceous tropane alkaloids, and strychnos alkaloids being detected in 53, 42, 18, and 6 cases, respectively.
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Li W, Wen J, He J, Cao D, Sun F, Li J, Fan G. Development and validation of a rapid and sensitive assay for the determination of anisodamine in 50 μL of beagle dog plasma by LC-MS/MS. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:3184-90. [PMID: 23897549 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, high-throughput, and highly sensitive LC-MS/MS was developed to determine anisodamine in a small volume (50 μL) of beagle dog plasma using atropine sulfate as the internal standard. The analyte and internal standard were isolated from 50 μL plasma samples after a one-step protein precipitation using Sirocco 96-well protein precipitation filtration plates. The separation was accomplished on a Hanbon Hedera CN column (100 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) and the run time was 4 min. A Micromass Quatro Ultima mass spectrometer equipped with an ESI source was operated in the multiple reaction monitoring mode with the precursor-to-product ion transitions m/z 306.0→140.0 (anisodamine) and 290.0→123.9 (atropine) used for quantitation. The method was sensitive with a low LOQ of 0.05 ng/mL, and good linearity in the range 0.05-50 ng/mL for anisodamine (r(2) ≥ 0.995). All the validation data, such as accuracy, intra- and interrun precision, were within the required limits. The method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of anisodamine hydrochloride injection in beagle dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxue Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China; College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Yu Z, Wu Z, Gong F, Wong R, Liang C, Zhang Y, Yu Y. Simultaneous determination of six toxic alkaloids in human plasma and urine using capillary zone electrophoresis coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:2773-80. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuhong Yu
- School of Pharmacy; Fudan University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Zhongping Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence; P. R. China
| | - Feijun Gong
- Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence; P. R. China
| | - Rong Wong
- Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence; P. R. China
| | - Chen Liang
- Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence; P. R. China
| | - Yurong Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence; P. R. China
| | - Yunqiu Yu
- School of Pharmacy; Fudan University; Shanghai P. R. China
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CHEN J, HOU T, FANG Y, CHEN ZP, LIU X, CAI H, LU TL, YAN GJ, CAI BC. HPLC Determination of Strychnine and Brucine in Rat Tissues and the Distribution Study of Processed Semen Strychni. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2011; 131:721-9. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.131.721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun CHEN
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Ting HOU
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Yun FANG
- Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School
| | - Zhi-peng CHEN
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Xiao LIU
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Hao CAI
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Tu-lin LU
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Guo-jun YAN
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Bao-chang CAI
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
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Couchman L, Morgan PE. LC-MS in analytical toxicology: some practical considerations. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 25:100-23. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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