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Bottinelli C, Cartiser N, Fanton L, Chatenay C, Guitton J, Bévalot F. Analysis of human insulin and its therapeutic analogs by LC-HRMS: 4 years feedback and perspectives. Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2022.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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2
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Epain M, Cartiser N, Bévalot F, Fanton L. Toxicological detection of pholcodine in blood, urine and hair in three cases of fatal intoxication. Forensic Sci Int 2021; 327:110975. [PMID: 34478894 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Pholcodine is an opioid antitussive reputed for its low toxicity and absence of addictive effect. We report three cases of pholcodine intoxication with fatal outcome. Large concentrations of pholcodine were quantified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in peripheral postmortem blood (respectively 2890 ng/mL, 979 ng/mL and 12,280 ng/mL). Segmental hair analyses by GC/MS and detected pholcodine in three 1.5-2 cm segments (38-161 ng/mg, 8.54-41.6 ng/mg, and 0.26-2.66 ng/mg, respectively). These findings underline that pholcodine can be involved in fatal poisoning and raise the question of misuse or abuse and of taking account of this drug in opioid overdose prevention policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Epain
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Service of Forensic Medicine, 5 Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France.
| | - Nathalie Cartiser
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Service of Forensic Medicine, 5 Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France
| | | | - Laurent Fanton
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Service of Forensic Medicine, 5 Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France; University of Lyon, UCBL1, Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Est, Lyon, France
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Bottinelli C, Fanton L, Cartiser N, Guitton J, Bévalot F. Identification et dosage des insulines en post-mortem : l’importance de multiplier les prélèvements. Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2021.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Bévalot F, Hoizey G, Chatenay C, Bottinelli C, Gaillard Y. Analyses de confirmation salivaires positives au THC : consommation active ou passive de cannabis ? Quelles réponses apporter aux requérants ? Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cartiser N, Delmarre E, Tazarourte K, Margot J, Bévalot F, Fanton L. Quand le cannabis tue : à propos de deux cas de décès imputés à un syndrome d’hyperémèse cannabinoïde. Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bottinelli C, Bévalot F, Cartiser N, Fanton L, Guitton J. Detection of insulins in postmortem tissues: an optimized workflow based on immunopurification and LC-MS/HRMS detection. Int J Legal Med 2021; 135:1813-1822. [PMID: 33932171 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02598-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a worldwide disease in perpetual expansion. Type 1 and sometimes type 2 diabetic patients require daily human insulin (HI) or analog administration. Easy access to insulins for insulin-treated diabetics, their relatives, and medical professionals can enable abuse for suicidal or homicidal purpose. However, demonstrating insulin overdose in postmortem blood is challenging. Tissue analyses are contributive, as insulins can accumulate before death or undergo only limited degradation. The present study describes an assay for HI and synthetic analogs (lispro, aspart, glulisine, detemir and degludec, glargine and its main metabolite (M1)) in liver, kidney, muscle, and injection site samples. It is based on a 5-step sample preparation (reduction of tissue sample size, homogenization, extraction, concentration, and immunopurification) associated with liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS/HRMS). Selectivity and limit of detection (LOD) for all target analogs were assessed in the above matrices. LOD was determined at 25 ng/g for HI and for analogs except detemir and degludec, where LOD was 50 ng/g in kidney and injection site samples and 80 ng/g in the liver and muscle. The method was applied to13 forensic cases in which insulin use was suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charline Bottinelli
- LAT LUMTOX Laboratory, 32 Rue du 35ème Régiment d'Aviation 69500, Bron, France.
| | - Fabien Bévalot
- LAT LUMTOX Laboratory, 32 Rue du 35ème Régiment d'Aviation 69500, Bron, France
| | - Nathalie Cartiser
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Fanton
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Est, University of Lyon, UCBL1, Lyon, France
| | - Jérôme Guitton
- Toxicology Laboratory, ISPB Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lyon, UCBL1, Lyon, France.,Pharmacology-Toxicology Laboratory, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Braham MY, Franchi A, Cartiser N, Bévalot F, Bottinelli C, Fabrizi H, Fanton L. Fatal 4-MEC Intoxication: Case Report and Review of Literature. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2021; 42:57-61. [PMID: 32773434 DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Synthetic cathinones are one of the major pharmacological families of new psychoactive substances and 4-methylethcathinone (4-MEC) has emerged in recent years as a recreational psychostimulant. We report a case of a 35-year-old man found dead and naked at home by his friend. Although no anatomic cause of death was observed at autopsy, toxicological analysis identified 4-MEC and hydroxyzine at therapeutic level (160 ng/mL). 4-Methylethcathinone was quantified in autopsy samples by a validated method consisting in liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry: peripheral blood, 14.6 μg/mL; cardiac blood, 43.4 μg/mL; urine, 619 μg/mL; vitreous humor, right 2.9 μg/mL and left 4.4 μg/mL; bile, 43.5 μg/mL; and gastric content, 28.2 μg/mL. The cause of death was 4-MEC intoxication and the manner of death could be either accidental or suicidal. The literature concerning 4-MEC was reviewed, focusing on distribution in classical postmortem matrices and 4-MEC metabolism and postmortem redistribution and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Yassine Braham
- From the Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Service of Forensic Medicine
| | | | - Nathalie Cartiser
- From the Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Service of Forensic Medicine
| | | | | | - Hervé Fabrizi
- From the Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Service of Forensic Medicine
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Bottinelli C, Nicoli R, Bévalot F, Cartiser N, Roger C, Chikh K, Kuuranne T, Fanton L, Guitton J. Development and validation of a method for quantification of human insulin and its synthetic analogues in plasma and post-mortem sera by LC-MS/HRMS. Talanta 2020; 225:122047. [PMID: 33592769 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.122047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of human insulin and its synthetic analogues is increasingly requested for clinical monitoring, for anti-doping purposes, but also for forensic cases. Indeed, insulin analogues may be abused for suicide or homicide - whence their forensic interest. Collection and storage conditions, as well as the phenomenon of degradation make post-mortem serum samples analytically challenging and consequently, the rate of exogenous insulin administration as cause of death is undoubtedly underestimated. However, with recent technological advances and the development of new extraction techniques particularly for anti-doping analyses, detection of insulins in post-mortem samples seems to be achievable. This study describes the first validated quantitative method for analysis human insulin and its six analogues (lispro, aspart, glulisine, glargine, detemir and degludec) in plasma and post-mortem sera. Various extraction processes, namely precipitation + solid phase extraction (SPE), filtration + SPE, precipitation + SPE + immunopurification, and filtration + immunopurification, were assessed to evaluate the lowest limit of detection for all target analogues. The selected sample preparation consists of filtration step followed by immunopurification extraction with an anti-body precoated ELISA plate for plasma. For post-mortem sera, the first step of precipitation was added to remove matrix interferences. The extracts were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), interfaced by electrospray (ESI). The method was validated with respect linearity, precision, accuracy, recovery, matrix effect, dilution and carryover. The limit of quantification (LOQ) in plasma was 0.5 ng/mL for human insulin and rapid-acting insulins, 1.0 ng/mL for glargine, 2.5 ng/mL for degludec and 10 ng/mL for detemir. Two types of post-mortem sera were studied based on the post-mortem interval (PMI): inferior or superior to 48 h. The obtained LOQ were the same for each analogue, independent from the PMI: 1.0 ng/mL for human insulin and rapid-acting insulins, 1.0 ng/mL for glargine, 2.5 ng/mL for degludec and 10 ng/mL for detemir. At the LOQ level, for all insulins and all samples, accuracy was between 70 and 130% and precision inferior to 30%. The validated method was applied to five subjects participating in therapeutic monitoring of insulin and to seven post-mortem cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bottinelli
- LAT LUMTOX Laboratory, 32 Rue Du 35(ème) Régiment D'Aviation, 69500, Bron, France.
| | - R Nicoli
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne and Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Bévalot
- LAT LUMTOX Laboratory, 32 Rue Du 35(ème) Régiment D'Aviation, 69500, Bron, France
| | - N Cartiser
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Service of Forensic Medicine, France
| | - C Roger
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - K Chikh
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - T Kuuranne
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne and Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Fanton
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Service of Forensic Medicine, France; University of Lyon, UCBL1, Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Est, France
| | - J Guitton
- Toxicology Laboratory, ISPB Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lyon, UCBL1, France; Pharmacology-Toxicology Laboratory, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
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Cartiser N, Sahy A, Advenier AS, Franchi A, Revelut K, Bottinelli C, Bévalot F, Fanton L. Fatal intoxication involving 4-methylpentedrone (4-MPD) in a context of chemsex. Forensic Sci Int 2020; 319:110659. [PMID: 33370656 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
4-methylpentedrone (4-MPD) is a new psychoactive substance (NPS) belonging to the cathinone class. We report an original case of death mainly involving 4-MPD, along with cocaine, sildenafil, bromazepam and nevirapine. The investigation data and the autopsy findings indicated fatal intoxication in a chemsex context (drug use during sex). 4-MPD concentrations were determined in peripheral blood (1285 ng/mL), cardiac blood (1128 ng/mL), urine (>10,000 ng/mL), bile (1187 ng/mL) and vitreous humor (734 and 875 ng/mL in left and right samples, respectively) by gas chromatography (GC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. 4-MPD metabolites were explored by GC coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry. Due to the paucity of data concerning 4-MPD, its use and effects were gathered from online user testimonies. This case illustrates the toxicity of this infrequent pentedrone derivate and confirms the significant overdose risk associated with chemsex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Cartiser
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Service of Forensic Medicine, Lyon, France.
| | - Anaïs Sahy
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Service of Forensic Medicine, Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Advenier
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Service of Forensic Medicine, Lyon, France
| | - Angélique Franchi
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Service of Forensic Medicine, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - Laurent Fanton
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Service of Forensic Medicine, Lyon, France; University of Lyon, UCBL1, Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Est, Lyon, France
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Bottinelli C, Cartiser N, Bévalot F, Fanton L, Guitton J. Is insulin intoxication still the perfect crime? Analysis and interpretation of postmortem insulin: review and perspectives in forensic toxicology. Crit Rev Toxicol 2020; 50:324-347. [PMID: 32458714 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1762540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is an anabolic hormone essential to glucose homeostasis. Insulin therapy, comprising human insulin (HI) or biosynthetic analogs, is critical for the management of type-1 diabetes and many of type-2 diabetes. However, medication error including non-adapted dose and confusion of insulin type, and misuse, such as massive self-administration or with criminal intent, can have lethal consequences. The aim of this paper is to review the state of knowledge of insulin analysis in biological samples and of the interpretation of insulin concentrations in the situation of insulin-related death investigations. Analytic aspects are considered, as quantification can be strongly impacted by methodology. Immunoanalysis, the historical technique, has a prominent role due to its sensitivity and ease of implementation. Recently, liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry has provided indispensable selectivity in forensic contexts, distinguishing HI, analogs, and degradation products. We review the numerous antemortem (dose, associated pathology, injection-to-death interval, etc.) and postmortem parameters (in corpore degradation, in vitro degradation related to hemolysis, etc.) involved in the interpretation of insulin concentration. The interest and limitations of various alternative matrices providing a valuable complement to blood analysis are discussed. Vitreous humor is one of the most interesting, but the low diffusion of insulin in this matrix entails very low concentrations. Injection site analysis is relevant for identifying which type of insulin was administered. Muscle and renal cortex are matrices of particular interest, although additional studies are required. A table containing most case reports of fatal insulin poisoning published, with analytical data, completes this review. A logic diagram is proposed to highlight analytical issues and the main parameters to be considered for the interpretation of blood concentrations. Finally, it remains a challenge to provide reliable biological data and solid interpretation in the context of death related to insulin overdose. However, the progress of analytical tools is making the "perfect crime" ever more difficult to commit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathalie Cartiser
- Département de médecine légale, Hôpital Edouard-Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Laurent Fanton
- Département de médecine légale, Hôpital Edouard-Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Faculté de médecine Lyon Est, Institut de Médecine Légale, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Jérôme Guitton
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie, ISPB-Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre Bénite Cedex, France
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Bottinelli C, Revelut K, Hologne M, Gaillard Y, Bévalot F. GC-MS, GC-QTOF and NMR analyses to elucidate composition of 41 powders from an NPS collector. Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Honyiglo E, Franchi A, Cartiser N, Bottinelli C, Advenier A, Bévalot F, Fanton L. Unpredictable Behavior Under the Influence of “Magic Mushrooms”: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. J Forensic Sci 2018; 64:1266-1270. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Honyiglo
- Forensic Medicine Department University Hospital of Lyon 5 place d'Arsonval Lyon France
| | - Angélique Franchi
- Forensic Medicine Department University Hospital of Lyon 5 place d'Arsonval Lyon France
- Faculty of Medicine University of Lyon UCBL1 8 avenue RockefellerLyon France
| | - Nathalie Cartiser
- Forensic Medicine Department University Hospital of Lyon 5 place d'Arsonval Lyon France
| | | | - Anne‐Sophie Advenier
- Forensic Medicine Department University Hospital of Lyon 5 place d'Arsonval Lyon France
| | | | - Laurent Fanton
- Forensic Medicine Department University Hospital of Lyon 5 place d'Arsonval Lyon France
- Faculty of Medicine University of Lyon UCBL1 8 avenue RockefellerLyon France
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Bévalot F, Dumestre-Toulet V, Richeval C, Gaulier JM, Revelut K, Gaillard Y. Dépistage et confirmation salivaire d’usage de stupéfiant : stupéfiant avec ou sans s ? Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Cartiser N, Bévalot F, Honiyglo E, Franchi A, Bottinelli C, Fanton L. Défenestration sous l’influence de champignons hallucinogènes. Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bottinelli C, Revelut K, Gaillard Y, Bévalot F. NPS collector. Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2018.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Bottinelli C, Bévalot F. Étude de stabilité de l’amphétamine, de la méthylènedioxyamphétamine, de la kétamine et de 7 nouveaux produits de synthèse dans le sang, la bile et l’humeur vitrée. Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2017.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bévalot F, Cartiser N, Bottinelli C, Fanton L, Guitton J. État de l’art de l’analyse de la bile en toxicologie médicolégale. Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Bottinelli C, Boucher A, Airieau A, Bayard R, Bévalot F. Intérêt de l’analyse de résidus de toilettes sèches collectés lors d’un festival de musique électronique pour le suivi de consommation de drogues récréatives. Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bottinelli C, Cartiser N, Gaillard Y, Boyer B, Bévalot F. A fatal case of 3-methylmethcathinone (3-MMC) poisoning. Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gaillard Y, Bévalot F. Soumission chimique et homicides volontaires. Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2016.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bévalot F, Cartiser N, Bottinelli C, Guitton J, Fanton L. State of the art in bile analysis in forensic toxicology. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 259:133-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Bévalot F, Cartiser N, Bottinelli C, Fanton L, Guitton J. Vitreous humor analysis for the detection of xenobiotics in forensic toxicology: a review. Forensic Toxicol 2015; 34:12-40. [PMID: 26793276 PMCID: PMC4705140 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-015-0294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Vitreous humor (VH) is a gelatinous substance contained in the posterior chamber of the eye, playing a mechanical role in the eyeball. It has been the subject of numerous studies in various forensic applications, primarily for the assessment of postmortem interval and for postmortem chemical analysis. Since most of the xenobiotics present in the bloodstream are detected in VH after crossing the selective blood-retinal barrier, VH is an alternative matrix useful for forensic toxicology. VH analysis offers particular advantages over other biological matrices: it is less prone to postmortem redistribution, is easy to collect, has relatively few interfering compounds for the analytical process, and shows sample stability over time after death. The present study is an overview of VH physiology, drug transport and elimination. Collection, storage, analytical techniques and interpretation of results from qualitative and quantitative points of view are dealt with. The distribution of xenobiotics in VH samples is thus discussed and illustrated by a table reporting the concentrations of 106 drugs from more than 300 case reports. For this purpose, a survey was conducted of publications found in the MEDLINE database from 1969 through April 30, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Bévalot
- Laboratoire LAT LUMTOX, 71 Avenue Rockefeller, 69003 Lyon, France.,Institut de Médecine Légale, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Nathalie Cartiser
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie, ISPB-Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | | | - Laurent Fanton
- Département de Médecine Légale, Hôpital Edouard-Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Place D'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France.,CREATIS CNRS UMR 5220, INSERM U1044, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, 7 Avenue Jean Capelle, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Jérôme Guitton
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie, ISPB-Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France.,Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 165 Chemin Grand Revoyet, 69495 Pierre Bénite Cedex, France
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Palmiere C, Bévalot F, Malicier D, Grouzmann E, Fracasso T, Fanton L. A case of suicide by self-injection of adrenaline. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2015; 11:421-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s12024-015-9700-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bévalot F, Cartiser N, Bottinelli C, Fanton L, Guitton J. Correlation of bile and vitreous humor concentrations with blood drug concentrations for forensic interpretation: a comparative study between animal experimental and human postmortem data. Forensic Toxicol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-014-0261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Carlier J, Guitton J, Moreau C, Boyer B, Bévalot F, Fanton L, Habyarimana J, Gault G, Gaillard Y. A validated method for quantifying hypoglycin A in whole blood by UHPLC-HRMS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 978-979:70-7. [PMID: 25531872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypoglycin A (HGA) is the toxic principle in ackee (Blighia sapida Koenig), a nutritious and readily available fruit which is a staple of the Jamaican working-class and rural population. The aril of the unripe fruit has high concentrations of HGA, the cause of Jamaican vomiting sickness, which is very often fatal. HGA is also present in the samara of several species of maple (Acer spp.) which are suspected to cause seasonal pasture myopathy in North America and equine atypical myopathy in Europe, often fatal for horses. The aim of this study was to develop a method for quantifying HGA in blood that would be sensitive enough to provide toxicological evidence of ackee or maple poisoning. Analysis was carried out using solid-phase extraction (HILIC cartridges), dansyl derivatization and UHPLC-HRMS/MS detection. The method was validated in whole blood with a detection limit of 0.35 μg/L (range: 0.8-500 μg/L). This is the first method applicable in forensic toxicology for quantifying HGA in whole blood. HGA was quantified in two serum samples from horses suffering from atypical myopathy. The concentrations were 446.9 and 87.8 μg/L. HGA was also quantified in dried arils of unripe ackee fruit (Suriname) and seeds of sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) (France). The concentrations were 7.2 and 0.74 mg/g respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Carlier
- Laboratoire LAT LUMTOX, 800 av. Marie Curie Z.I. Jean Jaurès, 07800 La Voulte-sur-Rhône, France; Ecole Doctorale Interdisciplinaire Sciences-Santé, Université Claude Bernard, Hôpital Louis Pradel, 28 av. du Doyen Lépine, 69677 Bron, France.
| | - Jérôme Guitton
- Laboratoire de toxicologie, Faculté de pharmacie de Lyon, 8 av. Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon, France; Laboratoire de pharmacologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Cécile Moreau
- Laboratoire LAT LUMTOX, 800 av. Marie Curie Z.I. Jean Jaurès, 07800 La Voulte-sur-Rhône, France
| | - Baptiste Boyer
- Institut médico-légal, Centre Hospitalier de Clermont-Ferrand, rue Montalembert, 63033 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fabien Bévalot
- Laboratoire LAT LUMTOX, 71 av. Rockefeller, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Fanton
- Institut médico-légal, Faculté de médecine, 12 av. Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Jean Habyarimana
- FARAH, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Liège, 20 bvd. de Colonster, 4000 Liège 1, Belgium
| | - Gilbert Gault
- VETAGROSUP, Ecole nationale vétérinaire de Lyon, 1 av. Bourgelat, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Yvan Gaillard
- Laboratoire LAT LUMTOX, 800 av. Marie Curie Z.I. Jean Jaurès, 07800 La Voulte-sur-Rhône, France
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Carlier J, Guitton J, Romeuf L, Bévalot F, Boyer B, Fanton L, Gaillard Y. Screening approach by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the blood quantification of thirty-four toxic principles of plant origin. Application to forensic toxicology. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 975:65-76. [PMID: 25438245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plant poisonings have left their mark on history and still cause many deaths, whether intentional or accidental. The means to show toxicological evidence of such poisonings should be implemented with great care. This article presents a technique for measuring thirty-nine toxic principles of plant origin in the blood, covering a large amount of toxins from local or exotic plants: α-lobeline, α-solanine, aconitine, ajmaline, atropine, brucine, cephalomannine, colchicine, convallatoxin, cymarine, cytisine, digitoxin, digoxin, emetine, gelsemine, ibogaine, jervine, kavain, lanatoside C, lupanine, mitragynine, neriifolin, oleandrin, ouabain, paclitaxel, physostigmine, pilocarpine, podophyllotoxin, proscillaridin A, reserpine, retrorsine, ricinine, scopolamine, senecionine, sparteine, strophanthidin, strychnine, veratridine and yohimbine. Analysis was carried out using an original ultra-high performance liquid chromatography separation coupled with tandem mass spectrometry detection. Extraction was a standard solid phase extraction performed on Oasis(®) HLB cartridge. Thirty-four of the thirty-nine compounds were put through a validation procedure. The assay was linear in the calibration curve range from 0.5 or 5 μg/L to 1000 μg/L according to the compounds. The method is sensitive (LOD from 0.1 to 1.6 μg/L). The within-day precision of the assay was less than 22.5% at the LLOQ, and the between-day precision was less than 21.5% for 10 μg/L for all the compounds included. The assay accuracy was in the range of 87.4 to 119.8% for the LLOQ. The extraction recovery and matrix effect ranged from 30 to 106% and from -30 to 14%, respectively. It has proven useful and effective in several difficult forensic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Carlier
- Laboratoire LAT LUMTOX, 800 av. Marie Curie Z.I. Jean Jaurès, 07800 La Voulte-sur-Rhône, France; Ecole Doctorale Interdisciplinaire Sciences-Santé, Université Claude Bernard, Hôpital Louis Pradel, 28 av. du Doyen Lépine, 69677 Bron, France.
| | - Jérôme Guitton
- Laboratoire de toxicologie, Faculté de pharmacie de Lyon, 8 av. Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon, France; Laboratoire de pharmacologie-toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Ludovic Romeuf
- Laboratoire LAT LUMTOX, 800 av. Marie Curie Z.I. Jean Jaurès, 07800 La Voulte-sur-Rhône, France
| | - Fabien Bévalot
- Laboratoire LAT LUMTOX, 71 av. Rockefeller, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Baptiste Boyer
- Institut Médico-Légal, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, 58 rue Montalembert, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Fanton
- Institut médico-légal, Faculté de médecine, 12 av. Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Yvan Gaillard
- Laboratoire LAT LUMTOX, 800 av. Marie Curie Z.I. Jean Jaurès, 07800 La Voulte-sur-Rhône, France
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Carlier J, Romeuf L, Guitton J, Priez-Barallon C, Bévalot F, Fanton L, Gaillard Y. A validated method for quantifying atractyloside and carboxyatractyloside in blood by HPLC-HRMS/MS, a non-fatal case of intoxication with Atractylis gummifera L. J Anal Toxicol 2014; 38:619-27. [PMID: 24990875 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bku078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atractyloside (ATR) and carboxyatractyloside (CATR) are diterpene glycosides that are responsible for the toxicity of several Asteraceae plants around the world. Mediterranean gum thistle (Atractylis gummifera L.) and Zulu impila (Callilepis laureola DC.), in particular, are notoriously poisonous and the cause of many accidental deaths, some suicides and even some murders. There is no current method for measuring the two toxins in biological samples that meet the criteria of specificity required in forensic medicine. We have endeavored to fill this analytical gap. Analysis was carried out using a solid-phase extraction and a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry detection. The method was validated in the whole blood with quantification limits of 0.17 and 0.15 µg/L for ATR and CATR, respectively. The method was applied to a non-fatal case of intoxication with A. gummifera. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that a concentration of ATR and CATR in blood (883.1 and 119.0 µg/L, respectively) and urine (230.4 and 140.3 µg/L, respectively) is reported. ATR and CATR were quantified in A. gummifera roots by the standard method addition (3.7 and 5.4 mg/g, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Carlier
- Laboratoire LAT LUMTOX, 800 av. Marie Curie Z.I. Jean Jaurès, La Voulte-sur-Rhône 07800, France Ecole Doctorale Interdisciplinaire Sciences-Santé, Université Claude Bernard, Hôpital Louis Pradel, 28 av. du Doyen Lépine, Bron 69677, France
| | - Ludovic Romeuf
- Laboratoire LAT LUMTOX, 800 av. Marie Curie Z.I. Jean Jaurès, La Voulte-sur-Rhône 07800, France
| | - Jérôme Guitton
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lyon, 8 av. Rockefeller, Lyon 69373, France Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, chemin du Grand Revoyet, Pierre-Bénite 69495, France
| | - Cédric Priez-Barallon
- Laboratoire LAT LUMTOX, 800 av. Marie Curie Z.I. Jean Jaurès, La Voulte-sur-Rhône 07800, France
| | - Fabien Bévalot
- Laboratoire LAT LUMTOX, Hôpital d'instruction des Armées Desgenettes, 71 av. Rockefeller, Lyon 69003, France
| | - Laurent Fanton
- Faculté de Médecine, Institut Médico-légal, 12 av. Rockefeller, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Yvan Gaillard
- Laboratoire LAT LUMTOX, 800 av. Marie Curie Z.I. Jean Jaurès, La Voulte-sur-Rhône 07800, France
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Carlier J, Guitton J, Bévalot F, Fanton L, Gaillard Y. The principal toxic glycosidic steroids in Cerbera manghas L. seeds: Identification of cerberin, neriifolin, tanghinin and deacetyltanghinin by UHPLC–HRMS/MS, quantification by UHPLC–PDA-MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 962:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bévalot F, Bottinelli C, Chatenay C, Guitton J, Cartiser N. O33: Quantification of morphine, 6-monoacetylmorphine, cyamemazine, meprobamate and caffeine in 11 fluids and tissues, using automated solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry. Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s2352-0078(14)70041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bévalot F, Bottinelli C, Cartiser N, Fanton L, Guitton J. Quantification of Five Compounds with Heterogeneous Physicochemical Properties (Morphine, 6-Monoacetylmorphine, Cyamemazine, Meprobamate and Caffeine) in 11 Fluids and Tissues, Using Automated Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol 2014; 38:256-64. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bku029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Mazoyer C, Carlier J, Peoc’h M, Lemeur C, Boucher A, Bévalot F, Guitton J, Gaillard Y. Intoxication mortelle à l’iboga: quantification de l’ibogaïne et de l’ibogamine dans des racines d’ibogaet dans des prélèvementspost-mortempar CPG-SM/SM. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1051/ata/2012001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Cartiser N, Bévalot F, Chatenay C, Le Meur C, Gaillard Y, Malicier D, Guitton J, Fanton L. Postmortem measurement of caffeine in bone marrow: Influence of sample location and correlation with blood concentration. Forensic Sci Int 2011; 210:149-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cartiser N, Bévalot F, Fanton L, Gaillard Y, Guitton J. State-of-the-art of bone marrow analysis in forensic toxicology: a review. Int J Legal Med 2011; 125:181-98. [PMID: 21061013 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-010-0525-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Although blood is the reference medium in the field of forensic toxicology, alternative matrices are required in case of limited, unavailable or unusable blood samples. The present review investigated the suitability of bone marrow (BM) as an alternative matrix to characterize xenobiotic consumption and its influence on the occurrence of death. Basic data on BM physiology are reported in order to highlight the specificities of this matrix and their analytical and toxicokinetic consequences. A review of case reports, animal and human studies involving BM sample analysis focuses on the various parameters of interpretation of toxicological results: analytic limits, sampling location, pharmacokinetics, blood/BM concentration correlation, stability and postmortem redistribution. Tables summarizing the analytical conditions and quantification of 45 compounds from BM samples provide a useful tool for toxicologists. A specific section devoted to ethanol shows that, despite successful quantification, interpretation is highly dependent on postmortem interval. In conclusion, BM is an interesting alternative matrix, and further experimental data and validated assays are required to confirm its great potential relevance in forensic toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Cartiser
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ISPB-Faculté de pharmacie, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France
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Bévalot F, Gustin MP, Cartiser N, Le Meur C, Malicier D, Fanton L. Interpretation of drug concentrations in an alternative matrix: the case of meprobamate in vitreous humor. Int J Legal Med 2011; 125:463-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-011-0560-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fanton L, Bévalot F, Cartiser N, Palmiere C, Le Meur C, Malicier D. Postmortem Measurement of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Vitreous Humor and Bile. J Forensic Sci 2010; 55:792-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fanton L, Bévalot F, Grait H, Le Meur C, Gaillard Y, Malicier D. Fatal intoxication with milnacipran. J Forensic Leg Med 2008; 15:388-90. [PMID: 18586210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2007.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2007] [Revised: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 12/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The antidepressant milnacipran is a double serotonin/noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor. The low reported incidence of intoxication indicates excellent tolerance in comparison with tricyclic and second generation antidepressants. We report a fatal intoxication associating milnacipran, at blood levels (femoral=21.5 mg/l, cardiac=20 mg/l) 40-fold higher than the usual treatment concentration, and six other molecules (fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, sertraline, cyamemazine, nordazepam and oxazepam) at therapeutic levels. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported fatal intoxication involving milnacipran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Fanton
- Université Lyon 1, Institut de Médecine Légale, 12 Avenue Rockefeller Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France.
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Abstract
A prospective study of 161 victims of falls from height is reported. The aim was to determine the interest of systematic qualitative and quantitative toxicological analysis in such fatalities. The primary cause of death was suicide (84.5%), followed by accidents (7%) and homicide (1%). In the remaining 7.5%, cause of death was undetermined. In the suicides, there was evidence of psychotropic medicines in 57% of the observations, with a much higher proportion of benzodiazepines and antidepressants in women than in men. Quantitative toxicologic analysis showed overdosing on medication in 16 suicide victims, with toxic levels in 11 of these. Systematic qualitative and quantitative toxicologic analysis made a significant contribution to the diagnosis of suicide by revealing either an unknown psychiatric treatment or a toxic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fanton
- Université de Lyon, and the Hospices Civils de Lyon, Département de Médecine Légale, Hôpital Edouard-Herriot, Lyon, France.
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Abstract
This report describes a death related to the abuse of and intoxication by mephenesin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report case of lethal intoxication involving solely mephenesin and reporting mephenesin blood concentrations. The victim was a 48-year-old woman found unconscious at home. Resuscitation was unsuccessful. Toxicological analysis was performed on a blood sample collected during resuscitation. The results being negative, the body was exhumed for an autopsy, which revealed bronchial inhalation syndrome. Analysis in a second laboratory has revealed the presence of mephenesin in samples collected during autopsy. No other drug/toxin was found, and alcohol was negative. Reanalysis of the peripheral blood collected during resuscitation found a mephenesin concentration of 15.81 microg/mL (15-fold greater that the maximum concentration that would result from a single intake of a 500 mg formulation). The pathologist has concluded on a bronchial inhalation syndrome consecutive to a mephenesin overdose as the cause of death. The manner of this death is discussed in the light of the toxicological hair analysis and the medical past of the victim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Fanton
- Institut Universitaire de Médecine Légale, de Lyon Université, Claude-Bernard Lyon1, 12 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France.
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Moretti C, Gaillard Y, Grenand P, Bévalot F, Prévosto JM. Identification of 5-hydroxy-tryptamine (bufotenine) in takini (Brosimumacutifolium Huber subsp. acutifolium C.C. Berg, Moraceae), a shamanic potion used in the Guiana Plateau. J Ethnopharmacol 2006; 106:198-202. [PMID: 16455218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2005] [Revised: 11/20/2005] [Accepted: 12/15/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper is the first thorough analysis of takini, a hallucinogen used by the shamans of several peoples in Suriname, French Guiana, and the region east of the Para in Brazil. The drug is contained in the latex of the Brosimum acutifolium tree, and until now, its psychotropic properties appeared inconsistent with the more general medicinal uses of the tree in the surrounding region. Our chemical and botanical studies reveal that the active ingredient of takini is bufotenine; and that this compound is only contained in the subspecies Brosimum acutifolium Huber subsp. acutifolium C.C. Berg that is found in the same area of the eastern Guianas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Moretti
- Unité No 84 Biodival, IRD Orleans, 5 rue du Carbone, 45000 Orléans, France
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Chaulet JF, Nony P, Bévalot F, Girard P, Chabaud S, Mounier C, Clair P, Boissel JP, Grelaud G. Bioequivalence evaluation of a fixed combination of chloroquine and proguanil in a capsule formulation versus a standard medication. Arzneimittelforschung 2002; 52:407-12. [PMID: 12087928 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1299906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
To assess the bioequivalence between a test capsule with a fixed combination of chloroquine (CAS 54-05-7) and proguanil (CAS 500-92-5), and chloroquine and proguanil administered as separate tablets, an open two-sequence, two-period cross-over randomized study was performed in twelve healthy volunteers who received a single oral dose of 100 mg chloroquine and 200 mg proguanil either in the form of one capsule or the reference tablets. Biological samples (plasma, whole blood and erythrocytes) were collected up to 43 days after drug administration. The parent drugs and their main metabolites were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography assay. Bioequivalence was assessed for whole blood and plasma AUC and Cmax of chloroquine, proguanil, cycloguanil and 4-chlorophenylbiguanide. Bioequivalence in erythrocytes was also established except for Cmax of chloroquine. While the differences for Cmax of chloroquine in erythrocytes may be related to technical problems during the erythrocyte sampling procedure (contamination with leukocytes), bioequivalence can be concluded from the plasma concentration data. Therefore, the use of a single capsule instead of one chloroquine tablet and two proguanil tablets daily can be proposed in order to increase the prophylactic compliance without decreasing the prophylactic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean François Chaulet
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Toxicologie et Pharmacologie de l'Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Desgenettes, Lyon, France.
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Colombain M, Goll V, Muyard F, Girard C, Bévalot F, Richert L. A bioassay using the human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2 for detecting phototoxicity of furocoumarins. Planta Med 2001; 67:644-646. [PMID: 11582543 DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-17364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We successfully evaluated the human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2 as a model to assess phototoxicity of coumarins. Five natural furocoumarins were tested and their phototoxic activities, obtained by measuring cell viability in the presence of UV using the MTT test, were as follows: xanthotoxin (8-MOP) >> heraclenol = trichoclin = imperatorin >> peucedanin, both in growing and confluent cell cultures. This easy-to-perform, miniaturised, quantitative and sensitive method could therefore be used as a primary screening test for phototoxicity of a large number of compounds and plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Colombain
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Equipe de Chimie Thérapeutique EA482, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Place Saint-Jacques, Besançon Cedex, France
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Bévalot F, Gaillard Y, Lhermitte MA, Pépin G. Analysis of corticosteroids in hair by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2000; 740:227-36. [PMID: 10821409 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)00085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes a confirmatory method for the quantitative determination in hair of the most common corticosteroids illegaly used as doping agents by athletes. Corticosteroids are extracted from 50 mg of powdered hairs by methanolic extraction follows by a solid-phase extraction on C18 cartridge. After extraction, the dried residue is reconstituted with 50 microl acetonitrile and injected in a liquid chromatograph. Liquid chromatography separation is performed on a reversed-phase C18 column with a binary gradient of formiate buffer pH 3-acetonitrile as mobile phase. Detection is performed with an electrospray ionization mass spectrometer in negative ion and selected-ion monitoring mode. The limits of sensitivity achieved is 0.1 ng/mg in hair. Application to hair sample collected during an antidoping control and comparison to results obtain on urines, collected on the same athletes at the same time, shows the interest and the complementarity of both matrices. Hair analysis could allow the detection of corticosteroids on a large period preceding the control, and the detection of natural corticosteroids administered as pro-drug, like hydrocortisone acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bévalot
- Laboratoire d'Expertises TOXLAB, Paris, France.
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Pernin R, Muyard F, Bévalot F, Tillequin F, Vaquette J. Efficient synthesis of octandrenolone and related dipyranoacetophenones. J Nat Prod 2000; 63:245-247. [PMID: 10691718 DOI: 10.1021/np9902845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Octandrenolone (1) was prepared in high yield by condensation of 2', 4',6'-trihydroxyacetophenone with 3-chloro-3-methylbut-1-yne in the presence of a catalytic amount of copper(I) iodide. Methylation of 1 afforded O-methyloctandrenolone (2). Oxidation of 2 with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid followed by hydrolysis gave the racemic trans-(+)-1-(9,10-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-2,2,8, 8-tetramethyl-2H,8H-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b']dipyran-6-yl)ethanone (3), which confirmed the structure of the natural product previously isolated from Melicope erromangensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pernin
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Place St. Jacques, F25030 Besançon Cedex, France
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Simeray J, Chaumont JP, Pusset J, Bévalot F, Vaquette J. Plants from New Caledonia: Constituents of Zanthoxylum sarasinii. Planta Med 1988; 54:189-90. [PMID: 17265248 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-962398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Simeray
- Laboratoire de Botanique et Cryptogamie, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Place Saint-Jacques, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France
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Bévalot F, Leboeuf M, Bouquet A, Cavé A. [Annonacea alkaloids: alkaloids from the bark of the stem and roots of Pachypodanthium confine Engl. and Diels]. Ann Pharm Fr 1977; 35:65-72. [PMID: 848844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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