1
|
Stagno V, Genova C, Zoratto N, Favero G, Capuani S. Single-Sided Portable NMR Investigation to Assess and Monitor Cleaning Action of PVA-Borax Hydrogel in Travertine and Lecce Stone. Molecules 2021; 26:3697. [PMID: 34204336 PMCID: PMC8235598 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the potential of PVA-borax hydrogel for cleaning limestones and the dependence of the cleaning on the porosity of the rock and on the action time of the hydrogel treatment. Towards this goal, we used a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer, developed for non-invasive and non-destructive applications on cultural heritage. T2-NMR parameters were quantified on different samples of Lecce stone and Travertine cut perpendicular (Pe) and parallel (Pa) to the bedding planes under different experimental conditions: untreated samples, treated with Paraloid B72 and cleaned with PVA-PEO-borax hydrogel applied for 4 min and 2 h. The T2 results suggest that the effectiveness of the cleaning strongly depended on the porosity of the stones. In Lecce stone, the hydrogel seemed to eliminate both the paramagnetic impurities (in equal measure with 4 min and 2 h treatment) and Paraloid B72. In Travertine Pe, characterized by a smaller pore size compared to Lecce stone, no significant effects were found regarding both the cleaning and the treatment with Paraloid B72. In Travertine Pa, characterized by a larger pore size than the other two samples, the hydrogel seemed to clean the paramagnetic agents (it worked better if applied for a longer time) but it did not appear to have any effect on Paraloid B72 removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Stagno
- Earth Sciences Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- National Research Council Institute for Complex Systems (CNR-ISC) c/o Physics Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Chiara Genova
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Nicole Zoratto
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Favero
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Silvia Capuani
- National Research Council Institute for Complex Systems (CNR-ISC) c/o Physics Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brizi L, Bortolotti V, Marmotti G, Camaiti M. Identification of complex structures of paintings on canvas by NMR: Correlation between NMR profile and stratigraphy. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2020; 58:889-901. [PMID: 32436248 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Paintings on canvas are complex structures created by superimposing layers of different composition. Investigations on the structure of these artworks can provide essential information on their state of conservation, pictorial technique, possible overpaintings, and in planning a proper conservation plan. Standard methods of investigation consist in sampling a limited number of fragments for stratigraphic analyses. Despite the recognized validity of these methods, they are affected by evident limitations. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) profiling, often named NMR stratigraphy, is an NMR relaxometry technique applied by single-sided portable devices developed to overcome the disadvantages of microinvasive stratigraphic analyses. The potential of this approach on artworks, including wall paintings and a few examples of painted canvas, is described in the literature. In this study, NMR profiles of painting on canvas were examined by analyzing transverse relaxation time data by T2 quasi-continuous distributions and the results compared with standard stratigraphic cross-sections analysis. Combining signal intensity and T2 quasi-continuous distributions, the identification of textile, preparatory, and paint layers was enhanced. The diction "NMR stratigraphy" for these inhomogeneous layered artworks is also discussed. Indeed, unlike the stratigraphic cross-sections, NMR profiles provide information on a volume (flat slice), rather than on a surface, and the collected signal can derive from nonuniform and partially overlapping layers. This study paves the way for extensive investigations on relaxation time quasi-continuous distributions in various binder/pigment mixtures in order to improve the reliability of NMR profile as an innovative, non-invasive, and nondestructive method for analyzing paintings on canvas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Brizi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Centro Fermi, Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi", Rome, Italy
| | - Villiam Bortolotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Marmotti
- Conservation of Wall paintings, Kionas Company, Kaisariani, Greece
| | - Mara Camaiti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pecchioni E, Ricci M, Vaselli O, Lofrumento C, Levchenko V, Giamello M, Scala A, Williams A, Turchetta B. Chemical and mineralogical characterization and 14C dating of white and red pigments in the rock paintings from Nyero (Uganda). Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
4
|
Rehorn C, Blümich B. Unilaterale NMR zur Untersuchung von Kunst und Kulturgut. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201713009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rehorn
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Deutschland
| | - Bernhard Blümich
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rehorn C, Blümich B. Cultural Heritage Studies with Mobile NMR. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:7304-7312. [PMID: 29600567 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201713009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) provides in situ information about selected isotope densities in samples and objects, while also providing contrast through rotational and translational molecular dynamics. These parameters are probed not only in NMR spectroscopy and imaging but also in nondestructive materials testing by mobile stray-field NMR, the unique properties of which are valuable in cultural heritage studies. We present recent progress in the analysis of cultural heritage with mobile 1 H NMR stray-field sensors, for which the detection zone is outside of the NMR magnet. Prominent applications include the analysis of stratigraphies in paintings and frescoes, and the assessment of material states changing under the impact of aging, conservation, and restoration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rehorn
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Blümich
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kehlet C, Nunberg S, Alcala S, Dittmer J. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis for treatment decisions: The case of a white sculptural environment by Louise Nevelson. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
7
|
Badea E, Şendrea C, Carşote C, Adams A, Blümich B, Iovu H. Unilateral NMR and thermal microscopy studies of vegetable tanned leather exposed to dehydrothermal treatment and light irradiation. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
8
|
Di Tullio V, Capitani D, Atrei A, Benetti F, Perra G, Presciutti F, Proietti N, Marchettini N. Advanced NMR methodologies and micro-analytical techniques to investigate the stratigraphy and materials of 14th century Sienese wooden paintings. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
9
|
Holmes ST, Dybowski C. Carbon-13 chemical-shift tensors in indigo: A two-dimensional NMR-ROCSA and DFT Study. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2015; 72:90-95. [PMID: 26344134 PMCID: PMC4894646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The principal components of the (13)C NMR chemical-shift tensors for the eight unique carbon sites of crystalline indigo have been measured using the ROCSA pulse sequence. The chemical shifts have been assigned unambiguously to their respective nuclear sites through comparison of the experimental data to the results of density-functional calculations employing a refined X-ray diffraction structure. These measurements expand the database of measured aromatic (13)C chemical-shift tensors to the indole ring. Magnetic shielding calculations for hypoxanthine and adenosine are also reported. Comparisons of calculations that include the effect of the crystalline lattice with calculations that model indigo as an isolated molecule give an estimate of the intermolecular contribution to the magnetic shielding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean T Holmes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Cecil Dybowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tailored micro-extraction method for Raman/SERS detection of indigoids in ancient textiles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:6505-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8816-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
11
|
Zhu L, Del Federico E, Ilott AJ, Klokkernes T, Kehlet C, Jerschow A. MRI and Unilateral NMR Study of Reindeer Skin Tanning Processes. Anal Chem 2015; 87:3820-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ac504474e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lizheng Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Eleonora Del Federico
- Department
of Mathematics and Science, Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, New York 11205, United States
| | - Andrew J. Ilott
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | | | - Cindie Kehlet
- Department
of Mathematics and Science, Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, New York 11205, United States
| | - Alexej Jerschow
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Presciutti F, Doherty B, Anselmi C, Brunetti BG, Sgamellotti A, Miliani C. A non-invasive NMR relaxometric characterization of the cyclododecane-solvent system inside porous substrates. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2015; 53:27-33. [PMID: 25228383 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
With the aim of deepening the knowledge on the behavior of cyclododecane (CDD) as a temporary consolidant agent for weathered stones, NMR longitudinal and transverse relaxation decays have been exploited to follow the distribution of cyclododecane solutions into porous matrices. By measuring as function of time the relaxation decay constants of CDD solutions dropped onto porous supports, it has been possible to differentiate the step encompassing the solvent evaporation, which determines the consolidant migration within the matrix, from that governing the consolidant sublimation, which is related to the consolidation effectiveness over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Presciutti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy; Centro di eccellenza SMAArt (Scientific Methodologies applied to Archaeology and Art) c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tamburini D, Łucejko JJ, Modugno F, Colombini MP, Pallecchi P, Giachi G. Microscopic techniques (LM, SEM) and a multi-analytical approach (EDX, FTIR, GC/MS, Py-GC/MS) to characterise the decoration technique of the wooden ceiling of the House of the Telephus Relief in Herculaneum (Italy). Microchem J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
14
|
Kehlet C, Catalano A, Dittmer J. Degradation of natural rubber in works of art studied by unilateral NMR and high field NMR spectroscopy. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
15
|
Proietti N, Capitani D, Di Tullio V. Applications of nuclear magnetic resonance sensors to cultural heritage. SENSORS 2014; 14:6977-97. [PMID: 24755519 PMCID: PMC4029666 DOI: 10.3390/s140406977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent years nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) sensors have been increasingly applied to investigate, characterize and monitor objects of cultural heritage interest. NMR is not confined to a few specific applications, but rather its use can be successfully extended to a wide number of different cultural heritage issues. A breakthrough has surely been the recent development of portable NMR sensors which can be applied in situ for non-destructive and non-invasive investigations. In this paper three studies illustrating the potential of NMR sensors in this field of research are reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Proietti
- Laboratorio di Risonanza Magnetica "Annalaura Segre", Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, CNR Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo (Rome), Italy.
| | - Donatella Capitani
- Laboratorio di Risonanza Magnetica "Annalaura Segre", Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, CNR Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo (Rome), Italy.
| | - Valeria Di Tullio
- Laboratorio di Risonanza Magnetica "Annalaura Segre", Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, CNR Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo (Rome), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Non-invasive NMR stratigraphy of a multi-layered artefact: an ancient detached mural painting. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:8669-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7278-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
17
|
Oakley LH, Fabian DM, Mayhew HE, Svoboda SA, Wustholz KL. Pretreatment Strategies for SERS Analysis of Indigo and Prussian Blue in Aged Painted Surfaces. Anal Chem 2012; 84:8006-12. [DOI: 10.1021/ac301814e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay H. Oakley
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg,
Virginia 23187, United States
| | - David M. Fabian
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg,
Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Hannah E. Mayhew
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg,
Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Shelley A. Svoboda
- Department of Conservation, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation (CWF), Williamsburg,
Virginia 23187,
United States
| | - Kristin L. Wustholz
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg,
Virginia 23187, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cooksey CJ. An annotated bibliography of recent significant publications on indigo and related compounds. Biotech Histochem 2012; 87:439-63. [DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2012.698308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
19
|
Capitani D, Di Tullio V, Proietti N. Nuclear magnetic resonance to characterize and monitor Cultural Heritage. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 64:29-69. [PMID: 22578316 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Capitani
- Magnetic Resonance Laboratory Annalaura Segre, Institute of Chemical Methodologies, CNR Research Area of Rome, Via Salaria km. 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
NMR depth profiles as a non-invasive analytical tool to probe the penetration depth of hydrophobic treatments and inhomogeneities in treated porous stones. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:3151-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4968-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|