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Modification of Polyhydroxyalkanoates Polymer Films Surface of Various Compositions by Laser Processing. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030531. [PMID: 36771832 PMCID: PMC9920739 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The results of surface modification of solvent casting films made from polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) of various compositions are presented: homopolymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate P(3HB) and copolymers comprising various combinations of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV), 4-hydroxybutyrate(4HB), and 3-hydroxyhexanoate (3HHx) monomers treated with a CO2 laser in continuous and quasi-pulsed radiation modes. The effects of PHAs film surface modification, depending on the composition and ratio of monomers according to the results of the study of SEM and AFM, contact angles of wetting with water, adhesion and growth of fibroblasts have been revealed for the laser radiation regime used. Under continuous irradiation with vector lines, melted regions in the form of grooves are formed on the surface of the films, in which most of the samples have increased values of the contact angle and a decrease in roughness. The quasi-pulse mode by the raster method causes the formation of holes without pronounced melted zones, the total area of which is lower by 20% compared to the area of melted grooves. The number of viable fibroblasts NIH 3T3 on the films after the quasi-pulse mode is 1.5-2.0 times higher compared to the continuous mode, and depends to a greater extent on the laser treatment mode than on the PHAs' composition. The use of various modes of laser modification on the surface of PHAs with different compositions makes it possible to influence the morphology and properties of polymer films in a targeted manner. The results that have been obtained contribute to solving the critical issue of functional biodegradable polymeric materials.
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Ray S, Jin JO, Choi I, Kim M. Recent trends of biotechnological production of polyhydroxyalkanoates from C1 carbon sources. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:907500. [PMID: 36686222 PMCID: PMC9852868 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.907500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing concerns over the use of limited fossil fuels and their negative impacts on the ecological niches have facilitated the exploration of alternative routes. The use of conventional plastic material also negatively impacts the environment. One such green alternative is polyhydroxyalkanoates, which are biodegradable, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly. Recently, researchers have focused on the utilization of waste gases particularly those belonging to C1 sources derived directly from industries and anthropogenic activities, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and methanol as the substrate for polyhydroxyalkanoates production. Consequently, several microorganisms have been exploited to utilize waste gases for their growth and biopolymer accumulation. Methylotrophs such as Methylobacterium organophilum produced highest amount of PHA up to 88% using CH4 as the sole carbon source and 52-56% with CH3OH. On the other hand Cupriavidus necator, produced 71-81% of PHA by utilizing CO and CO2 as a substrate. The present review shows the potential of waste gas valorization as a promising solution for the sustainable production of polyhydroxyalkanoates. Key bottlenecks towards the usage of gaseous substrates obstructing their realization on a large scale and the possible technological solutions were also highlighted. Several strategies for PHA production using C1 gases through fermentation and metabolic engineering approaches are discussed. Microbes such as autotrophs, acetogens, and methanotrophs can produce PHA from CO2, CO, and CH4. Therefore, this article presents a vision of C1 gas into bioplastics are prospective strategies with promising potential application, and aspects related to the sustainability of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasree Ray
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea,Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India,*Correspondence: Myunghee Kim, ; Subhasree Ray,
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea,Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea,Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Myunghee Kim
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea,Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea,*Correspondence: Myunghee Kim, ; Subhasree Ray,
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Volova TG, Golubev AI, Nemtsev IV, Lukyanenko AV, Dudaev AE, Shishatskaya EI. Laser Processing of Polymer Films Fabricated from PHAs Differing in Their Monomer Composition. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1553. [PMID: 34066143 PMCID: PMC8151816 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The study reports results of using a CO2-laser in continuous wave (3 W; 2 m/s) and quasi-pulsed (13.5 W; 1 m/s) modes to treat films prepared by solvent casting technique from four types of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), namely poly-3-hydroxybutyrate and three copolymers of 3-hydroxybutyrate: with 4-hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxyvalerate, and 3-hydroxyhexanoate (each second monomer constituting about 30 mol.%). The PHAs differed in their thermal and molecular weight properties and degree of crystallinity. Pristine films differed in porosity, hydrophilicity, and roughness parameters. The two modes of laser treatment altered these parameters and biocompatibility in diverse ways. Films of P(3HB) had water contact angle and surface energy of 92° and 30.8 mN/m, respectively, and average roughness of 144 nm. The water contact angle of copolymer films decreased to 80-56° and surface energy and roughness increased to 41-57 mN/m and 172-290 nm, respectively. Treatment in either mode resulted in different modifications of the films, depending on their composition and irradiation mode. Laser-treated P(3HB) films exhibited a decrease in water contact angle, which was more considerable after the treatment in the quasi-pulsed mode. Roughness parameters were changed by the treatment in both modes. Continuous wave line-by-line irradiation caused formation of sintered grooves on the film surface, which exhibited some change in water contact angle (76-80°) and reduced roughness parameters (to 40-45 mN/m) for most films. Treatment in the quasi-pulsed raster mode resulted in the formation of pits with no pronounced sintered regions on the film surface, a more considerably decreased water contact angle (to 67-76°), and increased roughness of most specimens. Colorimetric assay for assessing cell metabolic activity (MTT) in NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblast culture showed that the number of fibroblasts on the films treated in the continuous wave mode was somewhat lower; treatment in quasi-pulsed radiation mode caused an increase in the number of viable cells by a factor of 1.26 to 1.76, depending on PHA composition. This is an important result, offering an opportunity of targeted surface modification of PHA products aimed at preventing or facilitating cell attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana G. Volova
- Basic Department of Biotechnology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Av., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (I.V.N.); (A.V.L.); (A.E.D.); (E.I.S.)
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/50 Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Alexey I. Golubev
- L.V. Kirensky Institute of Physics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/38 Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
- Special Design and Technological Bureau ‘Nauka’ Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/45 Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Nemtsev
- Basic Department of Biotechnology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Av., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (I.V.N.); (A.V.L.); (A.E.D.); (E.I.S.)
- L.V. Kirensky Institute of Physics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/38 Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
- Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences” 50 Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Anna V. Lukyanenko
- Basic Department of Biotechnology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Av., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (I.V.N.); (A.V.L.); (A.E.D.); (E.I.S.)
- L.V. Kirensky Institute of Physics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/38 Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
| | - Alexey E. Dudaev
- Basic Department of Biotechnology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Av., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (I.V.N.); (A.V.L.); (A.E.D.); (E.I.S.)
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/50 Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I. Shishatskaya
- Basic Department of Biotechnology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Av., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (I.V.N.); (A.V.L.); (A.E.D.); (E.I.S.)
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/50 Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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Ortiz R, Basnett P, Roy I, Quintana I. Picosecond Laser Ablation of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs): Comparative Study of Neat and Blended Material Response. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E127. [PMID: 31948096 PMCID: PMC7022290 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have emerged as a promising biodegradable and biocompatible material for scaffold manufacturing in the tissue engineering field and food packaging. Surface modification is usually required to improve cell biocompatibility and/or reduce bacteria proliferation. Picosecond laser ablation was applied for surface micro structuring of short- and medium-chain length-PHAs and its blend. The response of each material as a function of laser energy and wavelength was analyzed. Picosecond pulsed laser modified the surface topography without affecting the material properties. UV wavelength irradiation showed halved ablation thresholds compared to VIS wavelength, revealing a greater photochemical nature of the ablation process at UV wavelength. Nevertheless, the ablation rate and, therefore, ablation efficiency did not show a clear dependence on beam wavelength. The different mechanical behavior of the considered PHAs did not lead to different ablation thresholds on each polymer at a constant wavelength, suggesting the interplay of the material mechanical parameters to equalize ablation thresholds. Blended-PHA showed a significant reduction in the ablation threshold under VIS irradiation respect to the neat PHAs. Picosecond ablation was proved to be a convenient technique for micro structuring of PHAs to generate surface microfeatures appropriate to influence cell behavior and improve the biocompatibility of scaffolds in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Ortiz
- Physics of Surfaces and Materials Unit, TEKNIKER, Iñaki Goenaga 5, 20600 Eibar, Spain;
| | - Pooja Basnett
- Applied Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK;
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, North Campus, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK
| | - Iban Quintana
- Physics of Surfaces and Materials Unit, TEKNIKER, Iñaki Goenaga 5, 20600 Eibar, Spain;
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Poly hydroxyalkanoates (PHA): Role in bone scaffolds. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2019; 10:389-392. [PMID: 31754599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are prokaryotic macromolecules accumulated within the cytoplasm as granules. Due to their suitable mechanical properties, biocompatibility, degradation time, ability to be blended, surface modified, and form copolymers, it is widely used in medical devices and as scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. This review describes in brief the production and extraction sources, physico-chemical characteristic, mechanical properties, degradation rate and applications of various PHAs and its copolymers with special emphasis to its role as scaffolds in bone tissue engineering.
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Switching from petro-plastics to microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA): the biotechnological escape route of choice out of the plastic predicament? EUROBIOTECH JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/ebtj-2019-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The benefit of biodegradable “green plastics” over established synthetic plastics from petro-chemistry, namely their complete degradation and safe disposal, makes them attractive for use in various fields, including agriculture, food packaging, and the biomedical and pharmaceutical sector. In this context, microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are auspicious biodegradable plastic-like polyesters that are considered to exert less environmental burden if compared to polymers derived from fossil resources.
The question of environmental and economic superiority of bio-plastics has inspired innumerable scientists during the last decades. As a matter of fact, bio-plastics like PHA have inherent economic drawbacks compared to plastics from fossil resources; they typically have higher raw material costs, and the processes are of lower productivity and are often still in the infancy of their technical development. This explains that it is no trivial task to get down the advantage of fossil-based competitors on the plastic market. Therefore, the market success of biopolymers like PHA requires R&D progress at all stages of the production chain in order to compensate for this disadvantage, especially as long as fossil resources are still available at an ecologically unjustifiable price as it does today.
Ecological performance is, although a logical argument for biopolymers in general, not sufficient to make industry and the society switch from established plastics to bio-alternatives. On the one hand, the review highlights that there’s indeed an urgent necessity to switch to such alternatives; on the other hand, it demonstrates the individual stages of the production chain, which need to be addressed to make PHA competitive in economic, environmental, ethical, and performance-related terms. In addition, it is demonstrated how new, smart PHA-based materials can be designed, which meet the customer’s expectations when applied, e.g., in the biomedical or food packaging sector.
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Dendisová M, Jeništová A, Parchaňská-Kokaislová A, Matějka P, Prokopec V, Švecová M. The use of infrared spectroscopic techniques to characterize nanomaterials and nanostructures: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1031:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Koller M. Biodegradable and Biocompatible Polyhydroxy-alkanoates (PHA): Auspicious Microbial Macromolecules for Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Applications. Molecules 2018; 23:E362. [PMID: 29419813 PMCID: PMC6017587 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are bio-based microbial biopolyesters; their stiffness, elasticity, crystallinity and degradability are tunable by the monomeric composition, selection of microbial production strain, substrates, process parameters during production, and post-synthetic processing; they display biological alternatives for diverse technomers of petrochemical origin. This, together with the fact that their monomeric and oligomeric in vivo degradation products do not exert any toxic or elsewhere negative effect to living cells or tissue of humans or animals, makes them highly stimulating for various applications in the medical field. This article provides an overview of PHA application in the therapeutic, surgical and tissue engineering area, and reviews strategies to produce PHA at purity levels high enough to be used in vivo. Tested applications of differently composed PHA and advanced follow-up products as carrier materials for controlled in vivo release of anti-cancer drugs or antibiotics, as scaffolds for tissue engineering, as guidance conduits for nerve repair or as enhanced sutures, implants or meshes are discussed from both a biotechnological and a material-scientific perspective. The article also describes the use of traditional processing techniques for production of PHA-based medical devices, such as melt-spinning, melt extrusion, or solvent evaporation, and emerging processing techniques like 3D-printing, computer-aided wet-spinning, laser perforation, and electrospinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Koller
- Office of Research Management and Service, c/o Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/III, 8010 Graz, Austria.
- Association for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Technologies-ARENA, Inffeldgasse 21b, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Kehail AA, Rabbi MD, Bach N, Chalivendra V, Brigham C. Modeling mechanical properties of polyhydroxyalkanoate during degradation in animal tissue. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman A. Kehail
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Massachusetts Dartmouth; 285 Old Westport Road North Dartmouth MA USA
| | - M d.Fazlay Rabbi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Massachusetts Dartmouth; 285 Old Westport Road North Dartmouth MA USA
| | - Nicholas Bach
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Massachusetts Dartmouth; 285 Old Westport Road North Dartmouth MA USA
| | - Vijaya Chalivendra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Massachusetts Dartmouth; 285 Old Westport Road North Dartmouth MA USA
| | - Christopher Brigham
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Massachusetts Dartmouth; 285 Old Westport Road North Dartmouth MA USA
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Volova TG, Tarasevich AA, Golubev AI, Boyandin AN, Shumilova AA, Nikolaeva ED, Shishatskaya EI. Laser processing of polymer constructs from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2015; 26:1210-28. [PMID: 26278920 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2015.1082810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
CO2 laser radiation was used to process poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) constructs - films and 3D pressed plates. Laser processing increased the biocompatibility of unperforated films treated with moderate uniform radiation, as estimated by the number and degree of adhesion of NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells. The biocompatibility of perforated films modified in the pulsed mode did not change significantly. At the same time, pulsed laser processing of the 3D plates produced perforated scaffolds with improved mechanical properties and high biocompatibility with bone marrow-derived multipotent, mesenchymal stem cells, which show great promise for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Volova
- a Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences , Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036 , Russia.,b School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University , 79 Svobodnyi Avenue, Krasnoyarsk 660041 , Russia
| | - A A Tarasevich
- c School of Engineering Physics and Radio Electronics, Siberian Federal University , 79 Svobodnyi Avenue, Krasnoyarsk 660041 , Russia
| | - A I Golubev
- d Special Design and Technological Bureau 'Nauka' Krasnoyarsk Scientific Centre of Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences , 53 Mir Avenue, Krasnoyarsk 660049 , Russia
| | - A N Boyandin
- a Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences , Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036 , Russia.,b School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University , 79 Svobodnyi Avenue, Krasnoyarsk 660041 , Russia
| | - A A Shumilova
- a Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences , Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036 , Russia.,b School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University , 79 Svobodnyi Avenue, Krasnoyarsk 660041 , Russia
| | - E D Nikolaeva
- a Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences , Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036 , Russia.,b School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University , 79 Svobodnyi Avenue, Krasnoyarsk 660041 , Russia
| | - E I Shishatskaya
- a Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences , Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036 , Russia.,b School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University , 79 Svobodnyi Avenue, Krasnoyarsk 660041 , Russia
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Abstract
This review summarizes the state-of-the-art knowledge of the usage of poly(hydroxy alkanoate)s in medical and sanitary applications. Depending on the monomers incorporated into the polymers and copolymers, this class of polymers exhibits a broad range of (thermo-)plastic properties, enabling their processing by, e.g., solution casting or melt extrusion. In this review, strategies for the polymer analogous modification of these materials and their surfaces are highlighted and correlated with the potential applications of the corresponding materials and blends. While the commercial availability of purified PHAs is addressed in brief, special focus is put on the (bio-)degradability of these polymers and ways to influence the degradation mechanism and/or the duration of degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. P. Luef
- Graz University of Technology, Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/V, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben, Roseggerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - F. Stelzer
- Graz University of Technology, Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/V, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - F. Wiesbrock
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben, Roseggerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria
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Bober P, Liu J, Mikkonen KS, Ihalainen P, Pesonen M, Plumed-Ferrer C, von Wright A, Lindfors T, Xu C, Latonen RM. Biocomposites of Nanofibrillated Cellulose, Polypyrrole, and Silver Nanoparticles with Electroconductive and Antimicrobial Properties. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:3655-63. [DOI: 10.1021/bm500939x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Bober
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | | | - Kirsi S. Mikkonen
- Department
of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Carme Plumed-Ferrer
- Institute
of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Atte von Wright
- Institute
of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tom Lindfors
- Academy of Finland, Hakaniemenranta
6, POB 131, FI-00531 Helsinki, Finland
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