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Villarreal J, Kow K, Pham B, Egatz-Gomez A, Sandrin TR, Coleman PD, Ros A. Intracellular Amyloid-β Detection from Human Brain Sections Using a Microfluidic Immunoassay in Tandem with MALDI-MS. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5522-5531. [PMID: 36894164 PMCID: PMC10078609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) currently affects more than 30 million people worldwide. The lack of understanding of AD's physiopathology limits the development of therapeutic and diagnostic tools. Soluble amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) oligomers that appear as intermediates along the Aβ aggregation into plaques are considered among the main AD neurotoxic species. Although a wealth of data are available about Aβ from in vitro and animal models, there is little known about intracellular Aβ in human brain cells, mainly due to the lack of technology to assess the intracellular protein content. The elucidation of the Aβ species in specific brain cell subpopulations can provide insight into the role of Aβ in AD and the neurotoxic mechanism involved. Here, we report a microfluidic immunoassay for in situ mass spectrometry analysis of intracellular Aβ species from archived human brain tissue. This approach comprises the selective laser dissection of individual pyramidal cell bodies from tissues, their transfer to the microfluidic platform for sample processing on-chip, and mass spectrometric characterization. As a proof-of-principle, we demonstrate the detection of intracellular Aβ species from as few as 20 human brain cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorvani
Cruz Villarreal
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Center
for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Keegan Kow
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Center
for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Brian Pham
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Center
for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Ana Egatz-Gomez
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Center
for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Todd R. Sandrin
- School
of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona
State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
- Julie
Ann Wrigley Global Futures Laboratory, Arizona
State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Paul D. Coleman
- Banner
ASU Neurodegenerative Research Center, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Alexandra Ros
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Center
for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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2
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Interfacing microfluidics with information-rich detection systems for cells, bioparticles, and molecules. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:4575-4589. [PMID: 35389095 PMCID: PMC8987515 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of elegant and numerous microfluidic manipulations has enabled significant advances in the processing of small volume samples and the detection of minute amounts of biomaterials. Effective isolation of single cells in a defined volume as well as manipulations of complex bioparticle or biomolecule mixtures allows for the utilization of information-rich detection methods including mass spectrometry, electron microscopy imaging, and amplification/sequencing. The art and science of translating biosamples from microfluidic platforms to highly advanced, information-rich detection system is the focus of this review, where we term the translation between the microfluidics elements to the external world “off-chipping.” When presented with the challenge of presenting sub-nanoliter volumes of manipulated sample to a detection scheme, several delivery techniques have been developed for effective analysis. These techniques include spraying (electrospray, nano-electrospray, pneumatic), meniscus-defined volumes (droplets, plugs), constrained volumes (narrow channels, containers), and phase changes (deposition, freezing). Each technique has been proven effective in delivering highly defined samples from microfluidic systems to the detection elements. This review organizes and presents selective publications that illustrate the advancements of these delivery techniques with respect to the type of sample analyzed, while introducing each strategy and providing historical perspective. The publications highlighted in this review were chosen due to their significance and relevance in the development of their respective off-chip technique.
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3
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Kassem S, van der Pan K, de Jager AL, Naber BAE, de Laat IF, Louis A, van Dongen JJM, Teodosio C, Díez P. Proteomics for Low Cell Numbers: How to Optimize the Sample Preparation Workflow for Mass Spectrometry Analysis. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:4217-4230. [PMID: 34328739 PMCID: PMC8419858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, massive genomics and transcriptomics data can be generated at the single-cell level. However, proteomics in this setting is still a big challenge. Despite the great improvements in sensitivity and performance of mass spectrometry instruments and the better knowledge on sample preparation processing, it is widely acknowledged that multistep proteomics workflows may lead to substantial sample loss, especially when working with paucicellular samples. Still, in clinical fields, frequently limited sample amounts are available for downstream analysis, thereby hampering comprehensive characterization at protein level. To aim at better protein and peptide recoveries, we compare existing and novel approaches in the multistep sample preparation protocols for mass spectrometry studies, from sample collection, cell lysis, protein quantification, and electrophoresis/staining to protein digestion, peptide recovery, and LC-MS/MS instruments. From this critical evaluation, we conclude that the recent innovations and technologies, together with high quality management of samples, make proteomics on paucicellular samples possible, which will have immediate impact for the proteomics community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kassem
- Department
of Immunology, Leiden University Medical
Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Kyra van der Pan
- Department
of Immunology, Leiden University Medical
Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anniek L. de Jager
- Department
of Immunology, Leiden University Medical
Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Brigitta A. E. Naber
- Department
of Immunology, Leiden University Medical
Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Inge F. de Laat
- Department
of Immunology, Leiden University Medical
Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alesha Louis
- Department
of Immunology, Leiden University Medical
Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jacques J. M. van Dongen
- Department
of Immunology, Leiden University Medical
Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Cristina Teodosio
- Department
of Immunology, Leiden University Medical
Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Paula Díez
- Department
of Immunology, Leiden University Medical
Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, Netherlands
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4
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Yang M, Villarreal JC, Ariyasinghe N, Kruithoff R, Ros R, Ros A. Quantitative Approach for Protein Analysis in Small Cell Ensembles by an Integrated Microfluidic Chip with MALDI Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6053-6061. [PMID: 33819014 PMCID: PMC8128341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has demonstrated that cells are individually heterogeneous. Advancing the technologies for single-cell analysis will improve our ability to characterize cells, study cell biology, design and screen drugs, and aid cancer diagnosis and treatment. Most current single-cell protein analysis approaches are based on fluorescent antibody-binding technology. However, this technology is limited by high background and cross-talk of multiple tags introduced by fluorescent labels. Stable isotope labels used in mass cytometry can overcome the spectral overlap of fluorophores. Nevertheless, the specificity of each antibody and heavy-metal-tagged antibody combination must be carefully validated to ensure detection of the intended target. Thus, novel single-cell protein analysis methods without using labels are urgently needed. Moreover, the labeling approach targets already known motifs, hampering the discovery of new biomarkers relevant to single-cell population variation. Here, we report a combined microfluidic and matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometric approach for the analysis of protein biomarkers suitable for small cell ensembles. All necessary steps for cell analysis including cell lysis, protein capture, and digestion as well as MALDI matrix deposition are integrated on a microfluidic chip prior to the downstream MALDI-time-of-flight (TOF) detection. For proof of principle, this combined method is used to assess the amount of Bcl-2, an apoptosis regulator, in metastatic breast cancer cells (MCF-7) by using an isotope-labeled peptide as an internal standard. The proposed approach will eventually provide a new means for proteome studies in small cell ensembles with the potential for single-cell analysis and improve our ability in disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430081, P.R.China
| | - Jorvani Cruz Villarreal
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, 85287-1604, USA
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, 85287-7401, USA
| | - Nethmi Ariyasinghe
- Department of Physics and Center for Biological Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, 85287-1504, USA
- Center for Single Molecule Biophysics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Rory Kruithoff
- Department of Physics and Center for Biological Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, 85287-1504, USA
| | - Robert Ros
- Department of Physics and Center for Biological Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, 85287-1504, USA
- Center for Single Molecule Biophysics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Alexandra Ros
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, 85287-1604, USA
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, 85287-7401, USA
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5
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Abstract
Cell analysis is of great significance for the exploration of human diseases and health. However, there are not many techniques for high-throughput cell analysis in the simulated cell microenvironment. The high designability of the microfluidic chip enables multiple kinds of cells to be co-cultured on the chip, with other functions such as sample preprocessing and cell manipulation. Mass spectrometry (MS) can detect a large number of biomolecules without labelling. Therefore, the application of the microfluidic chip coupled with MS has represented a major branch of cell analysis over the past decades. Here, we concisely introduce various microfluidic devices coupled with MS used for cell analysis. The main functions of microfluidic devices are described first, followed by introductions of different interfaces with different types of MS. Then, their various applications in cell analysis are highlighted, with an emphasis on cell metabolism, drug screening, and signal transduction. Current limitations and prospective trends of microfluidics coupled with MS are discussed at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University
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6
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7
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Pedde RD, Li H, Borchers CH, Akbari M. Microfluidic-Mass Spectrometry Interfaces for Translational Proteomics. Trends Biotechnol 2017; 35:954-970. [PMID: 28755975 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Interfacing mass spectrometry (MS) with microfluidic chips (μchip-MS) holds considerable potential to transform a clinician's toolbox, providing translatable methods for the early detection, diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of noncommunicable diseases by streamlining and integrating laborious sample preparation workflows on high-throughput, user-friendly platforms. Overcoming the limitations of competitive immunoassays - currently the gold standard in clinical proteomics - μchip-MS can provide unprecedented access to complex proteomic assays having high sensitivity and specificity, but without the labor, costs, and complexities associated with conventional MS sample processing. This review surveys recent μchip-MS systems for clinical applications and examines their emerging role in streamlining the development and translation of MS-based proteomic assays by alleviating many of the challenges that currently inhibit widespread clinical adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Daniel Pedde
- Laboratory for Innovations in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada; University of Victoria-Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, 3101-4464 Markham St., Victoria, BC, V8Z 7X8, Canada
| | - Huiyan Li
- University of Victoria-Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, 3101-4464 Markham St., Victoria, BC, V8Z 7X8, Canada
| | - Christoph H Borchers
- University of Victoria-Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, 3101-4464 Markham St., Victoria, BC, V8Z 7X8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, 5100 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Suite 720, Montreal, QC, H4A 3T2, Canada; Proteomics Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Cote-Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovations in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada; Centre for Biomedical Research (CBR), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada; Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
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8
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Ryan U, Paparini A, Oskam C. New Technologies for Detection of Enteric Parasites. Trends Parasitol 2017; 33:532-546. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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9
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Liang K, Wu H, Li Y. Immune-enrichment of insulin in bio-fluids on gold-nanoparticle decorated target plate and in situ detection by MALDI MS. Clin Proteomics 2017; 14:5. [PMID: 28115918 PMCID: PMC5244591 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-017-9139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detection of low-abundance biomarkers using mass spectrometry (MS) is often hampered by non-target molecules in biological fluids. In addition, current procedures for sample preparation increase sample consumption and limit analysis throughput. Here, a simple strategy is proposed to construct an antibody-modified target plate for high-sensitivity MS detection of target markers such as insulin, in biological fluids. METHODS The target plate was first modified with gold nanoparticle, and then functionalized with corresponding antibody through chemical conjugation. Clinical specimens were incubated onto these antibody-functionalized target plates, and then subjected to matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry analysis. RESULTS Insulin in samples was enriched specifically on this functional plate. The detection just required low-volume samples (lower than 5 µL) and simplified handling process (within 40 min). This method exhibited high sensitivity (limit of detection in standard samples, 0.8 nM) and good linear correlation of MS intensity with insulin concentration (R2 = 0.994). More importantly, insulin present in real biological fluids such as human serum and cell lysate could be detected directly by using this functional target plate without additional sample preparations. CONCLUSIONS Our method is easy to manipulate, cost-effective, and with a potential to be applied in the field of clinical biomarker detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liang
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China.,GuangDong Bio-healtech Advanced Co., Ltd, Foshan City, 52800 GuangDong Province China
| | - Yan Li
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
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10
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Abstract
SUMMARYMatrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is currently being used for rapid and reproducible identification of bacteria, viruses and fungi in clinical microbiological laboratories. However, some studies have also reported the use of MALDI-TOF MS for identification of parasites, likeLeishmania, Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Entamoeba, ticks and fleas. The present review collates all the information available on the use of this technique for parasites, in an effort to assess its applicability and the constraints for identification/diagnosis of parasites and diseases caused by them. Though MALDI-TOF MS-based identification of parasites is currently done by reference laboratories only, in future, this promising technology might surely replace/augment molecular methods in clinical parasitology laboratories.
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11
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Yang M, Nelson R, Ros A. Toward Analysis of Proteins in Single Cells: A Quantitative Approach Employing Isobaric Tags with MALDI Mass Spectrometry Realized with a Microfluidic Platform. Anal Chem 2016; 88:6672-9. [PMID: 27257853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein identification and quantification in individual cells is essential to understand biological processes such as those involved in cell apoptosis, cancer, biomarker discovery, disease diagnostics, pathology, or therapy. Compared with present single cell genome analysis, probing the protein content of single cells has been hampered by the lack of a protein amplification technique. Here, we report the development of a quantitative mass spectrometric approach combined with microfluidic technology reaching the detection sensitivity of high abundant proteins in single cells. A microfluidic platform with a series of chambers and valves, ensuring a set of defined wells for absolute quantification of targeted proteins, was developed and combined with isotopic labeling strategies employing isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-labels. To this aim, we adapted iTRAQ labeling to an on-chip protocol. Simultaneous protein digestion and labeling performed on the microfluidic platform rendered the labeling strategy compatible with all necessary manipulation steps on-chip, including the matrix delivery for MALDI-TOF analysis. We demonstrate this approach with the apoptosis related protein Bcl-2 and quantitatively assess the number of Bcl-2 molecules detected. We anticipate that this approach will eventually allow quantification of protein expression on the single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Yang
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Randall Nelson
- Molecular Biomarkers Laboratory, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Alexandra Ros
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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12
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Morikawa M, Naito R, Mita K, Watabe S, Nakaishi K, Yoshimura T, Miura T, Hashida S, Ito E. Subattomole detection of adiponectin in urine by ultrasensitive ELISA coupled with thio-NAD cycling. Biophys Physicobiol 2015; 12:79-86. [PMID: 27493857 PMCID: PMC4736831 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.12.0_79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is a hormone secreted from adipocytes, and it demonstrates antidiabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, antiobesity and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the patterns of change in urinary adiponectin levels in various diseases remain unknown, because only trace amounts of the hormone are present in urine. In the present study, we applied an ultrasensitive ELISA coupled with thio-NAD cycling to measure urinary adiponectin levels. Spikeand-recovery tests using urine confirmed the reliability of our ultrasensitive ELISA. The limit of detection for adiponectin in urine was 2.3×10−19 moles/assay (1.4 pg/mL). The urinary adiponectin concentration ranged between 0.04 and 5.82 ng/mL in healthy subjects. The pilot study showed that the urinary adiponectin levels, which were corrected by the creatinine concentration, were 0.73±0.50 (ng/mg creatinine, N=6) for healthy subjects, versus 12.02±3.85 (ng/mg creatinine, N=3) for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). That is, the urinary adiponectin levels were higher (P<0.05) in DM patients than in healthy subjects. Further, these urinary adiponectin levels tended to increase with the progression of DM accompanied with nephropathy. Our method is thus expected to provide a simple, rapid and reasonably priced test for noninvasive monitoring of the progression of DM without the requirement of special tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Morikawa
- R&D Headquarters, TAUNS Laboratories, Inc., Shizuoka 410-2325, Japan; Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Rina Naito
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Koichi Mita
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | | | - Kazunari Nakaishi
- R&D Headquarters, TAUNS Laboratories, Inc., Shizuoka 410-2325, Japan
| | - Teruki Yoshimura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Miura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Seiichi Hashida
- Institute for Health Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
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13
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Feng X, Liu BF, Li J, Liu X. Advances in coupling microfluidic chips to mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:535-57. [PMID: 24399782 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic technology has shown advantages of low sample consumption, reduced analysis time, high throughput, and potential for integration and automation. Coupling microfluidic chips to mass spectrometry (Chip-MS) can greatly improve the overall analytical performance of MS-based approaches and expand their potential applications. In this article, we review the advances of Chip-MS in the past decade, covering innovations in microchip fabrication, microchips coupled to electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-MS. Development of integrated microfluidic systems for automated MS analysis will be further documented, as well as recent applications of Chip-MS in proteomics, metabolomics, cell analysis, and clinical diagnosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Chromatography, Liquid/instrumentation
- Chromatography, Liquid/methods
- Electrophoresis, Microchip/instrumentation
- Electrophoresis, Microchip/methods
- Equipment Design
- Humans
- Lab-On-A-Chip Devices
- Lipids/analysis
- Metabolomics/instrumentation
- Metabolomics/methods
- Polysaccharides/analysis
- Proteins/analysis
- Proteomics/instrumentation
- Proteomics/methods
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/instrumentation
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/instrumentation
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Feng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Xin Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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14
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Ong TH, Tillmaand EG, Makurath M, Rubakhin SS, Sweedler JV. Mass spectrometry-based characterization of endogenous peptides and metabolites in small volume samples. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1854:732-40. [PMID: 25617659 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Technologies to assay single cells and their extracellular microenvironments are valuable in elucidating biological function, but there are challenges. Sample volumes are low, the physicochemical parameters of the analytes vary widely, and the cellular environment is chemically complex. In addition, the inherent difficulty of isolating individual cells and handling small volume samples complicates many experimental protocols. Here we highlight a number of mass spectrometry (MS)-based measurement approaches for characterizing the chemical content of small volume analytes, with a focus on methods used to detect intracellular and extracellular metabolites and peptides from samples as small as individual cells. MS has become one of the most effective means for analyzing small biological samples due to its high sensitivity, low analyte consumption, compatibility with a wide array of sampling approaches, and ability to detect a large number of analytes with different properties without preselection. Having access to a flexible portfolio of MS-based methods allows quantitative, qualitative, untargeted, targeted, multiplexed, and spatially resolved investigations of single cells and their similarly scaled extracellular environments. Combining MS with on-line and off-line sample conditioning tools, such as microfluidic and capillary electrophoresis systems, significantly increases the analytical coverage of the sample's metabolome and peptidome, and improves individual analyte characterization/identification. Small volume assays help to reveal the causes and manifestations of biological and pathological variability, as well as the functional heterogeneity of individual cells within their microenvironments and within cellular populations. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Neuroproteomics: Applications in Neuroscience and Neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Hsuan Ong
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Emily G Tillmaand
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Monika Makurath
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Stanislav S Rubakhin
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
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15
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Zhang J, Franzreb K, Williams P. Imaging with biomolecular ions generated by massive cluster impact in a time-of-flight secondary ion microscope. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:2211-2216. [PMID: 25178725 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Imaging mass spectrometry can allow the correlation of molecular identification and spatial organization in biological samples. A useful technique would rapidly generate, from untreated samples, images of lipids, peptides and small proteins with intracellular spatial resolution. We describe the use of massive, highly charged glycerol cluster impact to produce images using ionized, intact biomolecules, with few-micrometer lateral resolution and few-minute acquisition times. METHODS An electrospray primary ion source generating massive clusters of electrolyte-doped glycerol was coupled with a microscope-imaging time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer. A continuous stream of primary cluster ions ejected secondary ions from the sample surface. The secondary ion stream was pulsed in the secondary column and either time-of-flight mass spectra or mass-selected ion images were projected onto a position-sensitive ion detector. The image acquisition times were a few minutes. RESULTS Ionized intact molecules of some common lipids, peptides and small proteins have been detected. A lateral image resolution of ~3 µm has been measured for a bradykinin ion image. CONCLUSIONS Massive cluster impact (MCI) combined with microscope-mode ion imaging allows rapid imaging using ionized intact biomolecules, with a lateral resolution acceptable for applications with biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1604, USA
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16
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Arscott S. SU-8 as a material for lab-on-a-chip-based mass spectrometry. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:3668-3689. [PMID: 25029537 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00617h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This short review focuses on the application of SU-8 for the microchip-based approach to the miniaturization of mass spectrometry. Chip-based mass spectrometry will make the technology commonplace and bring benefits such as lower costs and autonomy. The chip-based miniaturization of mass spectrometry necessitates the use of new materials which are compatible with top-down fabrication involving both planar and non-planar processes. In this context, SU-8 is a very versatile epoxy-based, negative tone resist which is sensitive to ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and electron beam exposure. It has a very wide thickness range, from nanometres to millimetres, enabling the formation of mechanically rigid, very high aspect ratio, vertical, narrow width structures required to form microfluidic slots and channels for laboratory-on-a-chip design. It is also relatively chemically resistant and biologically compatible in terms of the liquid solutions used for mass spectrometry. This review looks at the impact and potential of SU-8 on the different parts of chip-based mass spectrometry - pre-treatment, ionization processes, and ion sorting and detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Arscott
- Institut d'Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN), CNRS UMR8520, The University of Lille, Cité Scientifique, Avenue Poincaré, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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17
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de Campos RPS, Yoshida IVP, da Silva JAF. Surface modification of PDMS microchips with poly(ethylene glycol) derivatives for μTAS applications. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2346-52. [PMID: 24723304 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work is presented a method for the modification of native PDMS surface in order to improve its applicability as a substrate for microfluidic devices, especially in the analysis of nonpolar analytes. Therefore, poly(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether modified PDMS substrate was obtained by surface modification of native PDMS. The modified substrate was characterized by attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy, water contact angle measurements, and by evaluating the adsorption of rhodamine B and the magnitude of the EOF mobility. The reaction was confirmed by the spectroscopic evaluation. The formation of a well-spread water film over the surface immediately after the modification was an indicative of the modified surface hydrophilicity. This characteristic was maintained for approximately ten days, with a gradual return to a hydrophobic state. Fluorescence assays showed that the nonpolar adsorption property of PDMS was significantly decreased. The EOF mobility obtained was 3.6 × 10(-4) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) , higher than the typical values found for native PDMS. Due to the better wettability promoted by the modification, the filling of the microchannels with aqueous solutions was facilitated and trapping of air bubbles was not observed.
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18
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Kimura A, Shimazaki Y. Micro-scale extraction and analysis of intact carboxylesterase after trapping on an immunoaffinity membrane surface. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 172:4053-61. [PMID: 24610038 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0807-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Porcine liver carboxylesterase was captured using an immunoaffinity membrane, which was prepared by separating an anti-porcine esterase antibody using non-denaturing two-dimensional electrophoresis, followed by transfer to a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane and staining. The activity of this esterase was 0.008 units after it was captured in the tiny spaces (4 mm(2)) of this membrane and eluted by rinsing with 5 μL of aspartic acid solution. The molecular mass of the eluted esterase was m/z 61,885 according to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry after the purification of this enzyme from the porcine liver cytosol. The purified enzyme's activity was inhibited by 6,9-diamino-2-ethoxyacridine, and this inhibition was retained even after extracting the enzyme from the immunoaffinity membrane. These results indicate that micro-scale extraction and analysis of a carboxylesterase are possible when the enzyme is trapped using an immunoaffinity membrane and eluted with aspartic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Kimura
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering (Science section), Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
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19
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Bhattacharya S, Chao TC, Ariyasinghe N, Ruiz Y, Lake D, Ros R, Ros A. Selective trapping of single mammalian breast cancer cells by insulator-based dielectrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:1855-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7598-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Lazar IM, Kabulski JL. Microfluidic LC device with orthogonal sample extraction for on-chip MALDI-MS detection. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:2055-65. [PMID: 23592150 PMCID: PMC4123744 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50190f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A microfluidic device that enables on-chip matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) detection for liquid chromatography (LC) separations is described. The device comprises an array of functional elements to carry out LC separations, integrates a novel microchip-MS interface to facilitate the orthogonal transposition of the microfluidic LC channel into an array of reservoirs, and enables sensitive MALDI-MS detection directly from the chip. Essentially, the device provides a snapshot MALDI-MS map of the content of the separation channel present on the chip. The detection of proteins with biomarker potential from MCF10A breast epithelial cell extracts, and detection limits in the low fmol range, are demonstrated. In addition, the design of the novel LC-MALDI-MS chip entices the promotion of a new concept for performing sample separations within the limited time-frame that accompanies the dead-volume of a separation channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia M Lazar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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O'Sullivan S, Alvarez de Eulate E, Yuen YH, Helmerhorst E, Arrigan DWM. Stripping voltammetric detection of insulin at liquid–liquid microinterfaces in the presence of bovine albumin. Analyst 2013; 138:6192-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01123b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Chao TC, Hansmeier N. Microfluidic devices for high-throughput proteome analyses. Proteomics 2012; 13:467-79. [PMID: 23135952 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades, microfabricated bioanalytical platforms have gained enormous interest due to their potential to revolutionize biological analytics. Their popularity is based on several key properties, such as high flexibility of design, low sample consumption, rapid analysis time, and minimization of manual handling steps, which are of interest for proteomics analyses. An ideal totally integrated chip-based microfluidic device could allow rapid automated workflows starting from cell cultivation and ending with MS-based proteome analysis. By reducing or eliminating sample handling and transfer steps and increasing the throughput of analyses these workflows would dramatically improve the reliability, reproducibility, and throughput of proteomic investigations. While these complete devices do not exist for routine use yet, many improvements have been made in the translation of proteomic sample handling and separation steps into microfluidic formats. In this review, we will focus on recent developments and strategies to enable and integrate proteomic workflows into microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chiao Chao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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