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Tang B, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Di B, Su M. Determination of 13 potential anti-obesity agents in hair by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction-assisted UHPLC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 246:116236. [PMID: 38772203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
As the adulteration of dietary supplements with synthetic drugs remains a prevalent issue, the inclusion of anti-obesity agents may pose health risks, potentially leading to central nervous system or cardiovascular diseases. However, surveillance studies on the use of anti-obesity agents by the Chinese population are limited. This study aims to establish an efficient and rapid hair pretreatment method using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) combined with high-speed grinding and develop a sensitive and accurate analytical method employing ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) for detecting 13 potential anti-obesity agents in hair samples. Herein, hair samples were washed sequentially with 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), water and acetone, and then ground at high speed using 1 mL of an extraction solution (internal standard solution-n-butanol-1.2 mol/L Na2HPO4, pH10.0, 100:400:500, v/v/v for procaterol; internal standard solution-ethyl acetate-1.2 mol/L Na2HPO4, pH8.0, 100:300:600, v/v/v for other 12 anti-obesity agents) while simultaneously performing DLLME. The developed method successfully detected 13 anti-obesity agents within 11 min, including bambuterol, clenbuterol, ractopamine, clorprenaline, formoterol, salbutamol, terbutaline, procaterol, phentermine, bupropion, sibutramine, desmethyl sibutramine, and N,N-didesmethyl sibutramine, which improved the screening efficiency. The calibration curves exhibited good linearity of 0.025-5 ng/mg, achieving correlation coefficients of r ≥ 0.99. The lower limits of quantification (LLOQs) for the analytes were 0.025 ng/mg, demonstrating acceptable levels of accuracy and precision. Recovery rates ranged between 73.30% and 107.47% across the three concentrations of 0.075, 0.375, and 3.75 ng/mg. The validated method was successfully applied to 369 real cases and detected six analytes, including bambuterol, salbutamol, terbutaline, sibutramine, desmethyl sibutramine, and N,N-didesmethyl sibutramine. This method offers several advantages, including simple pretreatment, high extraction efficiency, rapid extraction, solvent economy, and pollution mitigation, making it highly suitable for large-scale surveillance of usage of added anti-obesity agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Tang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bin Di
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Mengxiang Su
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Ishizaki A, Kataoka H. Online In-Tube Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled to Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines in Hair Samples. Molecules 2021; 26:2056. [PMID: 33916743 PMCID: PMC8038370 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Active and passive smoking are serious public health concerns Assessment of tobacco smoke exposure using effective biomarkers is needed. In this study, we developed a simultaneous determination method of five tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) in hair by online in-tube solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). TSNAs were extracted and concentrated on Supel-Q PLOT capillary by in-tube SPME and separated and detected within 5 min by LC-MS/MS using Capcell Pak C18 MGIII column and positive ion mode multiple reaction monitoring systems. These operations were fully automated by an online program. The calibration curves of TSNAs showed good linearity in the range of 0.5-1000 pg mL-1 using their stable isotope-labeled internal standards. Moreover, the limits of detection (S/N = 3) of TSNAs were in the range of 0.02-1.14 pg mL-1, and intra-day and inter-day precisions were below 7.3% and 9.2% (n = 5), respectively. The developed method is highly sensitive and specific and can easily measure TSNA levels using 5 mg hair samples. This method was used to assess long-term exposure levels to tobacco smoke in smokers and non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroyuki Kataoka
- School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Nishigawara, Okayama 703-8516, Japan;
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Benowitz NL, Bernert JT, Foulds J, Hecht SS, Jacob P, Jarvis MJ, Joseph A, Oncken C, Piper ME. Biochemical Verification of Tobacco Use and Abstinence: 2019 Update. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 22:1086-1097. [PMID: 31570931 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The changing prevalence and patterns of tobacco use, the advent of novel nicotine delivery devices, and the development of new biomarkers prompted an update of the 2002 Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco (SRNT) report on whether and how to apply biomarker verification for tobacco use and abstinence. METHODS The SRNT Treatment Research Network convened a group of investigators with expertise in tobacco biomarkers to update the recommendations of the 2002 SNRT Biochemical Verification Report. RESULTS Biochemical verification of tobacco use and abstinence increases scientific rigor and is recommended in clinical trials of smoking cessation, when feasible. Sources, appropriate biospecimens, cutpoints, time of detection windows and analytic methods for carbon monoxide, cotinine (including over the counter tests), total nicotine equivalents, minor tobacco alkaloids, and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol are reviewed, as well as biochemical approaches to distinguishing cigarette smoking from use of electronic nicotine delivery devices (ENDS). CONCLUSIONS Recommendations are provided for whether and how to use biochemical verification of tobacco use and abstinence. Guidelines are provided on which biomarkers to use, which biospecimens to use, optimal cutpoints, time windows to detection, and methodology for biochemical verifications. Use of combinations of biomarkers is recommended for assessment of ENDS use. IMPLICATIONS Biochemical verification increases scientific rigor, but there are drawbacks that need to be assessed to determine whether the benefits of biochemical verification outweigh the costs, including the cost of the assays, the feasibility of sample collection, the ability to draw clear conclusions based on the duration of abstinence, and the variability of the assay within the study population. This paper provides updated recommendations from the 2002 SRNT report on whether and how to use biochemical markers in determining tobacco use and abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal L Benowitz
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Departments of Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences; Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - John T Bernert
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jonathan Foulds
- Departments of Public Health Sciences and Psychiatry, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Pharmacology, and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Peyton Jacob
- Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Martin J Jarvis
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anne Joseph
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Cheryl Oncken
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT
| | - Megan E Piper
- Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
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Ferreira C, Paulino C, Quintas A. Extraction Procedures for Hair Forensic Toxicological Analysis: A Mini-Review. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:2367-2381. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ferreira
- Molecular Pathology and Forensic Biochemistry Laboratory, CiiEM, Campus Universitário − Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
- Forensic and Psychological Sciences Laboratory Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário − Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Cathy Paulino
- Molecular Pathology and Forensic Biochemistry Laboratory, CiiEM, Campus Universitário − Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
- Forensic and Psychological Sciences Laboratory Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário − Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Quintas
- Molecular Pathology and Forensic Biochemistry Laboratory, CiiEM, Campus Universitário − Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
- Forensic and Psychological Sciences Laboratory Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário − Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
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Lee C, Kim CH, Kim S, Cho SH. Simultaneous determination of bisphenol A and estrogens in hair samples by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1058:8-13. [PMID: 28521190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupter, is widely used to make chemicals for polycarbonate, plastics, beverage containers, epoxy resins, and cash register receipts. BPA is one of the known xenoestrogens, which have weak estrogenic activity and cause obesity, diabetes, breast cancer, and reproductive disorders. Even though the concentration level of metabolomes in hair is usually lower than that in urine and blood, there are several reasons why we chose to use hair samples. First, the sampling procedure of hairs is simple. Second, it is also easy to preserve the sample for long term and track the drug-exposure record of a given sample. Third, deformation and contamination of samples rarely occur. In this study, an improved analytical method to determine the levels of BPA and estrogens in hair samples was developed by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS/MS). Hair samples were extracted by an Oasis HLB extraction cartridge after incubation with 1N HCl and derivatized with dansyl chloride to increase sensitivity. BPA and estrogens (estrone, 17β-estradiol, and estriol) were separated using Shiseido CAPCELL PAK C18 column (2.0×100mm, 3μm) and a mobile phase consisting of 10mM ammonium acetate in water and acetonitrile with a gradient program at a flow rate of 0.3mL/min and were monitored with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). The linearity of this method was over 0.995. The limits of detection (LOD) at a signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of 3 were 0.25-6.0ng/g. The alteration of estrogens levels induced by BPA may play important role to understanding probable endocrine disruptive exposure, and the described methods could be used to evaluate and monitor exposure of endocrine disruptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaelin Lee
- Center for Chemical Analysis, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 305-600, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Hyeak Kim
- Center for Chemical Analysis, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Cho
- Center for Chemical Analysis, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 305-600, Republic of Korea.
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Recent Advances in the Combination of Assisted Extraction Techniques. COMPREHENSIVE ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Evaluation of tobacco specific nitrosamines exposure by quantification of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in human hair of non-smokers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25043. [PMID: 27112239 PMCID: PMC4844947 DOI: 10.1038/srep25043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to specific carcinogens present in secondhand smoke has been associated with different types of cancers. Hair is an ideal matrix to develop a proper biomarker as it absorbs substances in circulation and allows measuring their average concentration over long periods of time. A method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of nicotine, cotinine, NNN, NNK and NNAL in 20 mg human hair samples. Concentrations were significantly different depending on the declared exposure. This study shows for the first time that NNK is present in hair samples from non-smokers in concentrations much higher than any other tobacco specific nitrosamine. NNN could also be detected in samples from the most exposed non-smokers while, as previously reported, NNAL was undetectable. NNK correlates well with nicotine and cotinine (rsp = 0.774 and rsp = 0.792 respectively, p < 0.001 in both cases). However, NNN concentrations did not correlate with any of the other analytes. Ratios between NNK and nicotine show variability with different concentrations of NNK present in samples with similar nicotine values. NNK has proven to be the best marker of tobacco specific nitrosamines in hair. Monitoring NNK may provide a good estimation of cancer risk associated with exposure to secondhand smoke.
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Moein MM, Javanbakht M, Karimi M, Akbari-adergani B, Abdel-Rehim M. Three-phase molecularly imprinted sol–gel based hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction combined with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for enrichment and selective determination of a tentative lung cancer biomarker. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 995-996:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Ruiz-Angel M, García-Alvarez-Coque M, Berthod A, Carda-Broch S. Are analysts doing method validation in liquid chromatography? J Chromatogr A 2014; 1353:2-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Recent developments in dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:2027-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7467-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Yao L, Zheng S, Guan Y, Yang J, Liu B, Wang W, Zhu X. Development of a rapid method for the simultaneous separation and determination of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and its N- and O-glucuronides in human urine by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 788:61-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Zhang Z, Zheng S, Yang J, Wang W, Liu B, Zhu X. Synthesis and Solid Phase Extraction Performance Study of NNAL‐specific Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Using Dummy Templates. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/26/03/361-368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Liu BZ, Yao L, Zheng SJ, Wang WM, Zhu XL, Yang J. Development of a Sensitive Method for the Determination of 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol in Human Urine Using Solid-phase Extraction Combined with Ultrasound-assisted Dispersive Liquid-liquid Microextraction and LC-MS/MS Detection. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201200646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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