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Zhou X, Liu K, Shi C, Zhang M, Liu S, Hou C, Di B. Estimation of the spatial pattern of gout prevalence across China by wastewater-based epidemiology. Sci Total Environ 2024; 924:171565. [PMID: 38461984 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Gout is a metabolic arthritis caused by hyperuricemia. In recent years, the prevalence of gout has been increased significantly in China due to the improvement of the living standards, and gout has become another common metabolic disease following diabetes mellitus. Gout severely affects the health status and life quality of human. In order to monitor the near real-time prevalence of gout, a wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) approach was carried out in 257 Chinese cities using febuxostat as the biomarker. Febuxostat in wastewater was measured by a LC-MS/MS method with satisfactory results of method validation. The average concentration of febuxostat in wastewater was 53.05 ± 31.76 ng/L, with the estimated per capita consumption of 124.40 ± 73.37 mg/day/1000 inhabitant. The calculated prevalence of febuxostat was 0.41 % ± 0.24 %, and the prevalence of gout was finally estimated to be 1.30 % ± 0.77 % (0.60 % to 2.11 %), which was nearly consistent with value of 1.10 % obtained from the Guideline for the diagnosis and management of hyperuricemia and gout in China (2019). The results indicated that the febuxostat-based WBE approach might be reasonable to assess the near real-time gout prevalence in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Chen Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Manlei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Shucheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Chenzhi Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, PR China; China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Bin Di
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, PR China; China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Zhou X, Liu S, Zhang M, Shi C, Chen M, Hou C, Di B. Wastewater-based estimation of diabetes mellitus prevalence in 237 cities: A cross-China study. Sci Total Environ 2024; 924:171659. [PMID: 38490426 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, has been witnessed as a rapidly escalating worldwide health crisis. China currently had 140.9 million diabetic population in 2021, which was the largest globally. DM has witnessed a significant surge in the past few decades, leading to an alarming rise in the overall burden caused by this disease. To monitor the near real-time DM prevalence and the consumption of first-line anti-diabetic drugs, a wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) approach based on the back-calculation of metformin concentration was implemented in 237 cities in China. The quantitative analysis of metformin in wastewater was conducted by LC-MS/MS with satisfactory results of method validation. The average concentration of metformin in wastewater was 14.07 ± 13.16 μg/L, and the per capita consumption was 5.16 ± 2.08 mg/day/inh, ranging from 0.90 to 10.36 ± 4.63 mg/day/inh. The calculated metformin prevalence was found to be 0.52 % ± 0.28 %, and the final estimated DM prevalence was 11.33 % ± 4.99 %, which was nearly consistent with the result of the International Diabetes Federation survey of 9.98 %. The results suggested that metformin might be one of the suitable WBE biomarkers in DM monitoring and WBE strategy could potentially enable the estimation of DM prevalence in most of Chinese cities after reasonable correction of associated parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Shucheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Manlei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Chen Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Mengyi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, PR China; China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Chenzhi Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, PR China; China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Bin Di
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, PR China; China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Cao L, Xia D, Chen YY, Zhou TF, Yin SH, Liu YH, Li KB, Di B, Zhang ZB, Qin PZ. [The identification of a novel reassortant H3N2 avian influenza virus based on nanopore sequencing technology and genetic characterization]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2024; 45:574-578. [PMID: 38678355 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20230828-00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To identify a novel reassortant H3N2 avian influenza virus using nanopore sequencing technology and analyze its genetic characteristics. Methods: The positive samples of the H3N2 avian influenza virus, collected from the external environment in the farmers' market of Guangzhou, were cultured in chicken embryos. The whole genome was sequenced by targeted amplification and nanopore sequencing technology. The genetic characteristics were analyzed using bioinformatics software. Results: The phylogenetic trees showed that each gene fragment of the strain belonged to the Eurasian evolutionary branch, and the host source was of avian origin. The HA gene was closely related to the origin of the H3N6 virus. The NA gene was closely related to the H3N2 avian influenza virus from 2017 to 2020. The PB1 gene was closely related to the H5N6 avian influenza virus in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Fujian Province from 2016 to 2022 and was not related to the PB1 gene of the H5N6 avian influenza epidemic strain in Guangzhou. The other internal gene fragments had complex sources with significant genetic diversity. Molecular characteristics indicated that the strain exhibited the molecular characteristics of a typical low pathogenic avian influenza virus and tended to bind to the receptors of avian origin. On important protein sites related to biological characteristics, this strain had mutations of PB2-L89V, PB1-L473V, NP-A184K, M1-N30D/T215A, and NS1-P42S/N205S. Conclusions: This study identified a novel reassortant H3N2 avian influenza virus by nanopore sequencing, with the PB1 gene derived from the H5N6 avian influenza virus. The virus had a low ability to spread across species, but further exploration was needed to determine whether its pathogenicity to the host was affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cao
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - D Xia
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Y Y Chen
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - T F Zhou
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - S H Yin
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Y H Liu
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - K B Li
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - B Di
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Z B Zhang
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - P Z Qin
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
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Chen XY, Wang L, Ma X, Yang F, Wang X, Xu P, Xu LL, Di B. Development of fentanyl-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) to antagonize the pharmacological effects of fentanyl. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 486:116918. [PMID: 38570042 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Fentanyl, a critical component of opioid analgesics, poses a severe threat to public health, exacerbating the drug problem due to its potential fatality. Herein, we present two novel haptens designed with different attachment sites conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), aiming to develop an efficacious vaccine against fentanyl. KLH-Fent-1 demonstrated superior performance over KLH-Fent-2 in antibody titer, blood-brain distribution, and antinociceptive tests. Consequently, we immunized mice with KLH-Fent-1 to generate fentanyl-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) using the hybridoma technique to compensate for the defects of active immunization in the treatment of opioid overdose and addiction. The mAb produced by hybridoma 9D5 exhibited the ability to recognize fentanyl and its analogs with a binding affinity of 10-10 M. Subsequently, we developed a human IgG1 chimeric mAb to improve the degree of humanization. Pre-treatment with murine and chimeric mAb significantly reduced the analgesic effect of fentanyl and altered its blood-brain biodistribution in vivo. Furthermore, in a mouse model of fentanyl-induced respiratory depression, the chimeric mAb effectively reversed respiratory depression promptly and maintained a certain level during the week. The development of high-affinity chimeric mAb gives support to combat the challenges of fentanyl misuse and its detrimental consequences. In conclusion, mAb passive immunization represents a viable strategy for addressing fentanyl addiction and overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yi Chen
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li Wang
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Li-Li Xu
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Bin Di
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Lv M, Zhi Y, Zhou L, Qiao Z, Di B, Liu W, Chen H. Development of new matrix reference materials for quantitative urine analysis in drug tests. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:1427-1441. [PMID: 38270632 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05142-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Accurate quantitative analyses require standardized methods to control and improve the analytical process in the laboratory. The availability of urine reference materials (RMs) may offer a feasible option to improve the accuracy of urine analysis and to control matrix effects. This paper presents the complete process of the development of matrix RMs in urine, including sample preparation, homogeneity, and stability studies, as well as uncertainty assessment. A freeze-drying process was developed, and freeze-dried human and pig urine samples were prepared and verified to have comparable homogeneity to liquid samples and higher stability than liquid human, pig, and artificial urine samples at 4℃ or room temperature and under extreme conditions. A total of 21 authentic urine samples from August 2022 were measured with freeze-dried RMs and spiked urine samples, and the reliability of the quantification of the RMs was compared. The freeze-dried human urine matrix RM appeared to be an excellent tool for daily quality control, as it showed high stability and gave the most consistent results with spiked samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lv
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Academy of Forensic Science, No. 1347, Guangfu West Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200063, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639, Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yujie Zhi
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Academy of Forensic Science, No. 1347, Guangfu West Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200063, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639, Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Liying Zhou
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Academy of Forensic Science, No. 1347, Guangfu West Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200063, China
| | - Zheng Qiao
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Academy of Forensic Science, No. 1347, Guangfu West Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200063, China
| | - Bin Di
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639, Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Academy of Forensic Science, No. 1347, Guangfu West Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200063, China
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Academy of Forensic Science, No. 1347, Guangfu West Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200063, China.
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Liu S, Zhou X, Zhang M, Shi C, Ren R, Hou C, Di B. Estimating the prevalence of dyslipidemia by measuring fenofibrate in 33 cities in China. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:169426. [PMID: 38128665 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia, recognized as a predominant risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), remains a pressing health concern worldwide, particularly in China with nearly 40 % of the population adversely suffering. Fenofibrate, as one of the most commonly used drugs for dyslipidemia therapy, excreted as the format of fenofibrate-acid, which showed considerable stability in sewage samples and could be detected as WBE-biomarkers to monitor the prevalence of dyslipidemia. In this work, we reported the first research on estimating the prevalence of dyslipidemia by WBE approach. 527 sewage samples from 33 cities in China were extracted by solid phase and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The detected concentration of fenofibrate acid in sewage was on an average of 120.5 ± 59.9 ng/L, and the reverse-calculated consumption of fenofibrate based on fenofibrate acid was 77.8 ± 25.0 mg/day/1000inh. Detailed analysis unveiled an average prevalence of fenofibrate at 0.056 % ± 0.018 %, and the dyslipidemia prevalence among the population aged over 15 was ultimately estimated to be 37.9 % ± 9.3 % and was in accordance with the China Cardiovascular research result of 40.4 %, which proves that WBE is a substitutable approach of traditional epidemiological investigation methods due to its timeliness and cost-effectiveness. This study demonstrated that estimating dyslipidemia prevalence by WBE with metabolite fenofibrate acid as a biomarker is feasible in most Chinese cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShuCheng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - XinXin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Manlei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chen Shi
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ren Ren
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - ChenZhi Hou
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211100, China.
| | - Bin Di
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211100, China.
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Chu FX, Wang X, Li B, Xu LL, Di B. The NLRP3 inflammasome: a vital player in inflammation and mediating the anti-inflammatory effect of CBD. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:227-242. [PMID: 38191853 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01831-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The NLRP3 inflammasome is a vital player in the emergence of inflammation. The priming and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is a major trigger for inflammation which is a defense response against adverse stimuli. However, the excessive activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome can lead to the development of various inflammatory diseases. Cannabidiol, as the second-most abundant component in cannabis, has a variety of pharmacological properties, particularly anti-inflammation. Unlike tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol has a lower affinity for cannabinoid receptors, which may be the reason why it is not psychoactive. Notably, the mechanism by which cannabidiol exerts its anti-inflammatory effect is still unclear. METHODS We have performed a literature review based on published original and review articles encompassing the NLRP3 inflammasome and cannabidiol in inflammation from central databases, including PubMed and Web of Science. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS In this review, we first summarize the composition and activation process of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Then, we list possible molecular mechanisms of action of cannabidiol. Next, we explain the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the anti-inflammatory effect of cannabidiol in inflammatory disorders. Finally, we emphasize the capacity of cannabidiol to suppress inflammation by blocking the NLRP3 signaling pathway, which indicates that cannabidiol is a quite promising anti-inflammatory compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Xin Chu
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Bo Li
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Li-Li Xu
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Bin Di
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Yang S, Wen D, Zheng F, Pu S, Chen Z, Chen M, Di B, Liu W, Shi Y. Simple and rapid detection of three amatoxins and three phallotoxins in human body fluids by UPLC-MS-MS and its application in 15 poisoning cases. J Anal Toxicol 2024; 48:44-53. [PMID: 37929913 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkad081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amatoxins and phallotoxins are toxic cyclopeptides found in the genus Amanita and are among the predominant causes of foodborne sickness and poisoning-related fatalities in China. This study introduces and validates a simple, rapid and cost-effective ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination and quantification of α-amanitin, β-amanitin, γ-amanitin, phallisacin, phallacidin and phalloidin in human blood and urine. Quick therapeutic decision-making is supported by a 9 min chromatographic separation performed on a Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 µm) using a gradient of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade water and methanol:0.005% formic acid. The analyte limit of quantification was 1-3 ng/mL in blood and 0.5-2 ng/mL in urine. Calibrations curves, prepared by spiking drug-free blood and urine, demonstrated acceptable linearity with mean correlation coefficients (r) greater than 0.99 for all phallotoxins and amatoxins. Acceptable intraday and interday precision (relative standard deviation <15%) and accuracy (bias, -4.8% to 13.0% for blood and-9.0% to 14.7% for urine) were achieved. The validated method was successfully applied to analyze 9 blood samples and 2 urine samples testing positive for amatoxins and/or phallotoxins. Amatoxins and/or phallotoxins were identified in each whole blood sample at a range of 1.12-5.63 ng/mL and in two urine samples from 1.01-9.27 ng/mL. The method has the benefits of simple sample preparation (protein precipitation) and wide analyte coverage, making it suitable for emergency quantitative surveillance toxicological analysis in clinics and forensic poisoning practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Academy of Forensic science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, No. 1347 Guangfuxi Road, Shanghai 200063, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Di Wen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Fenshuang Zheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (Yunnan Second People's Hospital, Yunnan Eye Hospital), No. 176 Qingnian Road, Kunming 650021, China
| | - Shanbai Pu
- Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (Yunnan Second People's Hospital, Yunnan Eye Hospital), No. 176 Qingnian Road, Kunming 650021, China
| | - Zhuonan Chen
- Academy of Forensic science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, No. 1347 Guangfuxi Road, Shanghai 200063, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mobing Chen
- Academy of Forensic science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, No. 1347 Guangfuxi Road, Shanghai 200063, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bin Di
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Academy of Forensic science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, No. 1347 Guangfuxi Road, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Academy of Forensic science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, No. 1347 Guangfuxi Road, Shanghai 200063, China
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Che X, Liu P, Ding Y, Tao W, Zheng X, Di B, Qiao H. In-sample stability and postsampling analysis of 21 illicit drugs, their metabolites and cotinine in wastewater. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 270:115900. [PMID: 38176186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
A thorough understanding of the degradation of chemical biomarkers in wastewater after the sampling is critical in the surveillance of illicit drug use based on the back-calculation technique. Herein, three temperatures, eight groups of matrices, and acidification were applied to simulate the preservation condition of 21 illicit drugs, their metabolites, and cotinine for a 240-day stability study. It was proved that the temperature, matrices, and acidification play vital roles in their stability in wastewater. Most of them demonstrated high stability (transformation rates < 20%) during room temperature for 45 days, and the transformation rates decreased while the storage temperature reduced. The stability of the target compounds such as cocaine (COC), 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM), and amphetamine (AM) is influenced by matrices. Acidification prevented the majority of analytes from transforming, making it a feasible solution for preservation after sampling. A model that combined the effects of temperature and matrix was developed to back-calculate the concentration of target compounds during the postsampling process. The feasibility of this model was validated by correcting the loss of COC and 6-MAM from 24.2% and 16.2% to 2.98% and 2.77%. This study simulated a typical large-scale sampling and storage scenario. The effect of the temperature, pH, and matrix on in-sample stability and the postsampling analysis of selected target compounds was investigated for the first time in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Che
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Peipei Liu
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Beijing 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yan Ding
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Wenjia Tao
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Zheng
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Beijing 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Bin Di
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Hongwei Qiao
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Beijing 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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10
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Ye T, Tao WY, Chen XY, Jiang C, Di B, Xu LL. Mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the development of peptide inhibitors. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 74:1-13. [PMID: 37821254 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The Nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain containing receptor 3 (NLRP3), a member of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) like receptors (NLRs) family, plays an important role in the innate immune response against pathogen invasions. NLRP3 inflammasome consisting of NLRP3 protein, the adapter protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) (ASC), and the effector protein pro-caspase-1, is central to this process. Upon activation, NLRP3 inflammasome initiates the release of inflammatory cytokines and triggers a form of cell death known as pyroptosis. Dysregulation or inappropriate activation of NLRP3 has been implicated in various human diseases, including type 2 diabetes, colitis, depression, and gout. Consequently, understanding the mechanism underlying NLRP3 inflammasome activation is critical for the development of therapeutic drugs. In the pursuit of potential therapeutic agents, peptides present several advantages over small molecules. They offer higher selectivity, increased potency, reduced toxicity, and fewer off-target effects. The advancements in molecular biology have expanded the opportunities for applying peptides in medicine, unlocking their vast medical potential. This review begins by providing a comprehensive summary of recent research progress regarding the mechanisms governing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Subsequently, we offer an overview of current peptide inhibitors capable of modulating the NLRP3 inflammasome activation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei-Yan Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Bin Di
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Li-Li Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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11
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Abdulbagi M, Di B, Li B. Resolving D-Amino Acid Containing Peptides Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry: Challenges and Recent Developments. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37975700 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2282510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Peptides and proteins having D-amino acids in their sequences are now believed to be widespread among different living organisms. Their significance is attributed to the diverse functions of these molecules, such as having a certain pathological implication or enhancing biological activity. Indeed, some peptide molecules with D-amino acids in their structure have already found their way to clinical use such as the antibacterial gramicidin and the antidiabetic nateglinide. Ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) added an additional dimension of separation as it depends on ions mobility in the space, which is dependent on their shapes, and the shape depends on the orientation of atoms. Thus, D-amino acids containing peptides (DAACPs) will have different mobility and collision cross-section values than those with L-amino acids. Eventually, this will lead to baseline separation of the two peptides. Additionally, ion mobility can precisely locate the position of D-amino acids by analyzing the difference in the arrival times of the fragment ions. The importance of DAACPs, as well as the difficulties in discovering them, were addressed in this review. Similarly, we emphasized how recent developments in IM-MS have improved their detection and analysis. Consequently, the LC-IM-MS/MS platform appears to be promising in isomeric mixture analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdulbagi
- Center Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Di
- Center Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Li
- Center Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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12
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Wu B, Liu W, Cui M, Yang Q, Tian B, Xia J, Zhao L, Guo Y, Su M, Di B. Design and development of a lanthanide-labeled immunochromatographic strip for simultaneous detection of morphine, methamphetamine and ketamine in hair. Anal Methods 2023; 15:5692-5699. [PMID: 37861716 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01280h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal gold immunoassay is the most widely used method in the field of drug detection. However, this method often has poor quantitative identification ability and low analytical sensitivity, which is not suitable for the analysis of hair poisoning ingredients. In order to solve these limitations, we developed an immunochromatographic test strip for simultaneously screening multiple drugs in this study. This hand-held test strip used fluorescent nanoparticles loaded with lanthanide chelates as the signal carrier of fluorescence reading, and conducted quantitative testing of various drugs based on the competitive immune reaction between the analyte and antigen. Under the optimal conditions, the competition curves of morphine (MOP), methamphetamine (MET) and ketamine (KET) were obtained on a single band. The detection limit (LOD) of this analytical method was 100-1000 times lower than that of colloidal gold test strips. The detection limits of MOP, MET and KET were 0.06 ng mL-1, 0.1 ng mL-1 and 1.0 ng mL-1, respectively. No cross-reaction was observed when morphine, methamphetamine and ketamine were tested simultaneously with this method. And 184 hair samples were tested simultaneously, and the detected amount was very close to the results of LC-MS. The immunochromatographic strip showed good stability in repeated tests, and the coefficient of variation was less than 15%. Fluorescence immunochromatography strips and handheld strip readers have the characteristics of portability, speed, ease of operation and high sensitivity, and may become powerful tools for screening drug abuse in hair in forensic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Narcotic Control Division of Nanjing Public Security Bureau, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Mingwei Cui
- Narcotic Control Division of Nanjing Public Security Bureau, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Narcotic Control Division of Nanjing Public Security Bureau, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Bingbing Tian
- Narcotic Control Division of Nanjing Public Security Bureau, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Jingxue Xia
- Henan Fengchuang Testing Technology Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Henan Fengchuang Testing Technology Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yanyan Guo
- Henan Fengchuang Testing Technology Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Mengxiang Su
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Bin Di
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China
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Zhong Y, Hou C, Gao X, Wang M, Yao Y, Chen M, Di B, Su M. Application of wastewater-based epidemiology to estimate the usage of beta-agonists in 31 cities in China. Sci Total Environ 2023; 894:164956. [PMID: 37343858 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The illegal use of beta-agonists could cause severe problems to human health. In this study, the usage of beta-agonists in 31 cities across China was estimated using wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE). The proposed method is based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) and LC-MS/MS and was developed and validated to determine the concentration of seven beta-agonists in wastewater. A population model based on cotinine (COT), NH4-N and the flow volume was constructed to estimate the population equivalents for different wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Clenbuterol and ractopamine are banned in China for both animal husbandry and medical use, but were nevertheless detected in some wastewater samples at rates of 6.2 % and 4.7 %, respectively (n = 339). The WBE-based consumption of clenbuterol and ractopamine were compared with the acceptable daily intake (ADI) and the health risks were assessed by their hazard quotients (0.26-6.62 for clenbuterol and 9.27 × 10-4-0.05 for ractopamine). Salbutamol, clorprenaline and terbutaline were observed in practically all wastewater samples at concentrations of up to several ng/L, whereas the formoterol and bambuterol concentrations were below the detection limit in all samples. Salbutamol consumption (7.35 ± 4.14 mg/1000 inh/day) was highest among the examined beta-agonists and varied regionally. Beta-agonist consumption based on WBE was higher in some cities than that based on medical survey data, indicating potential illegal use. These results show that WBE can be a straightforward and supplementary method for monitoring beta-agonist usage at the population level and spatially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chenzhi Hou
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xinyi Gao
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Mingyu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yan Yao
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Mengyi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Bin Di
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211100, China.
| | - Mengxiang Su
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211100, China.
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14
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Zhen RN, Su WZ, Wen YJ, Luo SY, Liao XL, Tan ZY, Luo YF, Han ZG, Xu JX, Di B, Qin PZ. [Epidemiological characteristics of mpox epidemic in Guangzhou]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2023; 44:1421-1425. [PMID: 37743276 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20230627-00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of mpox epidemic in Guangzhou and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of the disease. Methods: Based on the mpox surveillance system in Guangzhou, suspected mpox cases with fever and rash were reported by local hospitals at all levels to centers for disease control and prevention in Guangzhou for sampling, investigation and diagnosis. Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the clinical characteristics and treatment of the mpox cases and positive detection rate reported in Guangzhou as of 24:00 on June 23. Whole genome sequencing of the virus isolates was performed using Illumina Miniseq high-throughput sequencing platform. Results: The first mpox case in Guangzhou was reported on June 10 in 2023. As of 24:00 on June 23, a total of 25 confirmed mpox cases were reported. All the mpox cases were men with a M(Q1,Q3) of 32 (26, 36) years, the majority of the cases were MSM (96.0%). The main clinical features were rash (100.0%, 25/25), lymphadenectasis (100.0%, 25/25) and fever (52.0%, 13/25). Rash usually occurred near the genitals (88.0%, 22/25). The close contacts, mainly family members (40.4%, 23/57), showed no similar symptoms, such as fever or rash. The positive rate of mpox virus in household environment samples was 30.5%. The analyses on 3 complete gene sequences of mpox virus indicated that the strains belonged to West African type Ⅱb clade, B.1.3 lineage. Conclusions: Hidden transmission of mpox virus had occurred in MSM in Guangzhou. However, the size of affected population is relatively limited, and the possibility of wide spread of the virus is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Zhen
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - W Z Su
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Y J Wen
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - S Y Luo
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - X L Liao
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Z Y Tan
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Y F Luo
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Z G Han
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - J X Xu
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - B Di
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - P Z Qin
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
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15
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Zhu Z, Wang L, Jia Y, Duan S, Li S, Jiang L, Lin X, Yan F, Hou C, Hu C, Di B. Magnetic Liposomes Infused with GPCR-Expressing Cell Membrane for Targeted Extraction Using Minimum Organic Solvent: An Investigative Study of Trace THC in Sewage. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12613-12622. [PMID: 37583350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Trace analysis of lipophilic substances in complex environmental, food, or biological matrices has proven to be a challenge, on account of their high susceptibility to adsorption by particulate matter and liquid-solid interfaces. For this purpose, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) is often employed as the separation method, which uses water-immiscible organic solvents. As an alternative, magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) allows for adsorption, separation, and recovery of analytes from large volumes of aqueous samples with minimum usage of organic solvents. However, the poor selectivity hampers its performance in various scenarios, especially in sewage samples where complicated and unpredictable interference exists, resulting in block of the active adsorption sites of the sorbent. To this end, we propose receptor-affinity MSPE employing magnetic liposomes decorated with cell membranes expressing G-protein-coupled receptor as the sorbents. Application of the novel sorbent CM@Lip@Fe infused with CB1 cannabinoid receptors was demonstrated for the targeted extraction and enrichment of tetrahydrocannabinol from sewage matrix. Thanks to the high affinity and molecular selectivity of the ligand-receptor interactions, a limit of quantitation of 5.17 ng/L was achieved coupled with HPLC-MS/MS in unfiltered raw sewage, featuring minimum usage of organic solvents, fivefold enhanced sensitivity, low sorbent dosage (75 mg/L of sewage), and high efficiency as major advantages over conventional LLE. This work establishes a framework for efficient separation of specific molecules from complex media, thus promising to extend and refine standard LLE as the clean-up procedure for trace analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihang Zhu
- China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Lancheng Wang
- China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yan Jia
- China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Shiqi Duan
- China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Siyu Li
- China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Le Jiang
- China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiaoxuan Lin
- China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Fang Yan
- China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chenzhi Hou
- China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chi Hu
- China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Bin Di
- China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
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Guo C, Yan H, Liu W, Xiang P, Di B, Shen M. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric method for determination of 425 drugs and poisons in dried blood spots and application to forensic cases. Forensic Toxicol 2023; 41:241-248. [PMID: 36719526 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-023-00659-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE An analytical method using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was established and validated for screening 425 drugs and poisons in dried blood spots (DBSs). METHODS Blood (20 μL) was spotted on Whatman FTA™ classic card to prepare DBS sample, then extracted with 150 μL methanol and analyzed by LC-MS/MS using a multiple reaction monitoring method. RESULTS The limit of detection of the compounds were 0.1-10 ng/mL. The values for recovery and matrix effect were 40.3-114.9% and 40.2-118.4%, respectively. This method was successfully applied to DBS samples from 105 humans suspected of drug poisoning, which was stored for 3-5 years at room temperature. Thirty-three kinds of drugs, including benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, antidepressants, antipyretic analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, antiepileptic drugs, new psychoactive drugs were confirmed in 102 cases, while no compound was detected in the other 3 cases. Estazolam, a benzodiazepine widely used in clinical practice as a sedative, hypnotic, and anti-anxiety drug, was the most frequently detected substance, occurring in 34.2% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS Most drugs in DBS could still be detected after storage for 3-5 years, but ambroxol, zopiclone, carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, and valproic acid were not detectable after 3-5 years of storage at room temperature. The components measured in DBS were consistent with those measured in whole blood at the collection time, thereby confirming that DBS samples have the advantage of stable storage at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Guo
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, 1347 Guangfu Xi Road, Shanghai, 200063, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, 1347 Guangfu Xi Road, Shanghai, 200063, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, 1347 Guangfu Xi Road, Shanghai, 200063, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, 1347 Guangfu Xi Road, Shanghai, 200063, China
| | - Bin Di
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Min Shen
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, 1347 Guangfu Xi Road, Shanghai, 200063, China.
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17
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Jia Y, Xu L, Wang L, Yan K, Chen J, Xu P, Di B, Yan F, Hu C. A light-up fluorescence probe for wash-free analysis of Mu-opioid receptor and ligand-binding events. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1261:341220. [PMID: 37147056 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
With the aggravated burden of opioid use disorder spreading worldwide, demands for new forms of opioid receptor agonist/antagonist constitute immense research interest. The Mu-opioid receptor (MOR) is currently in the spotlight on account of its general involvement in opioid-induced antinociception, tolerance and dependence. MOR binding assay, however, is often complicated by difficulty in MOR separation and purification, as well as the tedious procedure in standard biolayer interferometry and surface plasmon resonance measurements. To this end, we present TPE2N as a light-up fluorescent probe for MOR, which exhibits satisfactory performance in both live cells and lysates. TPE2N was elaborately designed based on the synergistic effect of twisted intramolecular charge-transfer and aggregation-induced emission by incorporating a tetraphenylethene unit to emit strong fluorescence in a restrained environment upon binding with MOR through the naloxone pharmacore. The developed assay enabled high-throughput screening of a compound library, and successfully identified three ligands as lead compounds for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jia
- China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lili Xu
- China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lancheng Wang
- China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Kun Yan
- China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jieru Chen
- China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Pengcheng Xu
- China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Bin Di
- China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Fang Yan
- China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Chi Hu
- China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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18
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Chen M, Liu W, Xiang P, Xu L, Tang Y, Kong R, Yang S, Yan H, Di B. Development of an LC-MS/MS method for the determination of multiple mycotoxins in human urine. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37315076 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2023.2222842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the determination of 17 mycotoxins in human urine. The method incorporates a two-step liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate:acetonitrile (7:1), which had good extraction recovery. The LOQs of all mycotoxins ranged from 0.1 to 1 ng/mL. Intra-day accuracy ranged from 94 to 106%, and intra-day precision ranged from 1 to 12% for all mycotoxins. Inter-day accuracy and precision were 95-105% and 2-8%, respectively. The method was successfully applied to investigate the urine levels of 17 mycotoxins from 42 volunteers. Deoxynivalenol (DON, 0.97-9.88 ng/mL) was detected in 10 (24%) urine samples and zearalenone (ZEN, 0.13-1.11 ng/mL) in 2 (5%) urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Linhao Xu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yiling Tang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ran Kong
- Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Yang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yan
- Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Bin Di
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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19
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Qiao H, Shao L, Chen J, Jiang S, Su M, Liu P, Di B. Nail analysis for the assessment of caffeine abuse in Northwest China: A population-based study. J Forensic Sci 2023. [PMID: 37312428 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive agent worldwide and has the potential for abuse, but studies monitoring caffeine abuse in China are scarce. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of caffeine abuse in northwest China and investigate the correlation between caffeine and other drugs in hair and nails using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Fingernail clippings were collected from 376 participants in northwest China to detect caffeine and 13 other illicit psychoactive drugs and their metabolites. Paired hair and nail samples were collected from 39 participants to investigate the correlation between caffeine and other drugs in hair and nails. The samples were decontaminated, pulverized, and extracted by a high-throughput nail sample preparation method and analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. The results showed a risk of caffeine abuse in northwest China, with concentrations ranging from 0.43 to 10.6 ng/mg for healthy volunteers, 0.49-246 ng/mg for caffeine abusers, and 0.25-363 ng/mg for drug addicts in community rehabilitation centers. Caffeine was detected together with other illicit psychoactive drugs and their metabolites. Furthermore, positive detection correlations were found between hair and nail samples. This study provides a current perspective on caffeine abuse in northwest China and demonstrates the practical use of UPLC-MS/MS for the simultaneous detection of caffeine and 13 illicit psychoactive drugs and their metabolites in hair and nails. The results highlight the potential of nails as a supplementary matrix when hair samples are unavailable and emphasize the need for handling caffeine carefully given its potential for abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, P. R. of China, Beijing, China
- China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Litao Shao
- China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, P. R. of China, Beijing, China
- China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengxiang Su
- China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peipei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, P. R. of China, Beijing, China
- China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Di
- China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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20
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Liu J, Di B, Xu LL. Recent advances in the treatment of IBD: Targets, mechanisms and related therapies. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 71-72:1-12. [PMID: 37455149 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as a representative inflammatory disease, currently has multiple effective treatment options available and new therapeutic strategies are being actively explored to further increase the treatment options for patients with IBD. Furthermore, biologic agents and small molecule drugs developed for ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) have evolved toward fewer side effects and more accurate targeting. Novel inhibitors that target cytokines (such as IL-12/23 inhibitors, PDE4 inhibitors), integrins (such as integrin inhibitors), cytokine signaling pathways (such as JAK inhibitors, SMAD7 blocker) and cell signaling receptors (such as S1P receptor modulator) have become the preferred treatment choice for many IBD patients. Conventional therapies such as 5-aminosalicylic acid, corticosteroids, immunomodulators and anti-tumor necrosis factor agents continue to demonstrate therapeutic efficacy, particularly in combination with drug therapy. This review integrates research from chemical, biological and adjuvant therapies to evaluate current and future IBD therapies, highlighting the mechanism of action of each therapy and emphasizing the potential of development prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bin Di
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Li-Li Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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21
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Chen S, Qie Y, Hua Z, Zhang H, Wang Y, Di B, Su M. Preparation of poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate)-functionalized magnetic polydopamine nanoparticles for the extraction of six cannabinoids in wastewater followed by UHPLC-MS/MS. Talanta 2023; 264:124752. [PMID: 37276675 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytocannabinoids and their synthetic analogs (natural and synthetic cannabinoids) are illicit drugs that are widely abused worldwide. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is an objective approach for the estimation of population-level exposure to a wide range of substances, especially drugs of abuse. However, the concentrations of cannabinoids in wastewater are extremely low (frequently at the levels of nanograms per liter), and the existing pretreatment procedures for wastewater have the disadvantages of time-consumption or low extraction recoveries. This study aimed to propose a novel poly (methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate)-functionalized polydopamine-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticle (Fe3O4@PDA@poly (MAA-co-EGDMA)) as an adsorbent, and provide a highly sensitive quantitative analytical technique for the detection of five synthetic cannabinoids (SCs: 5 F-EDMB-PINACA, FUB-APINACA, MDMB-4en-PINACA, MDMB-FUBINACA, and PB-22) and one cannabis-related human metabolite (THC-COOH) in wastewater. The magnetic adsorbents were fully characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Subsequently, an MSPE-UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination of six trace analytes in wastewater. The validation results showed that the method has limits of quantification as low as 0.1-1.0 ng/L. Additionally, the recoveries ranged from 62.81 to 124.02%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of intraday and interday precision were less than 15%. This MSPE-UHPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to real wastewater samples, and the whole analytical process of one sample from pretreatment to the obtained quantitative results was completed in less than 30 min. Thus, the proposed method based on Fe3O4@PDA@poly (MAA-co-EGDMA) is a convenient, rapid, sensitive and reliable method for the determination of trace psychoactive drugs in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yiqi Qie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhendong Hua
- China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, 100741, China
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Youmei Wang
- China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, 100741, China.
| | - Bin Di
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Mengxiang Su
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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22
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Chi P, Wei J, Wu K, Di B, Wang Y. A Bio-Inspired Decision-Making Method of UAV Swarm for Attack-Defense Confrontation via Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:222. [PMID: 37366817 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8020222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm is regarded as having a significant role in modern warfare. The demand for UAV swarms with the capability of attack-defense confrontation is urgent. The existing decision-making methods of UAV swarm confrontation, such as multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), suffer from an exponential increase in training time as the size of the swarm increases. Inspired by group hunting behavior in nature, this paper presents a new bio-inspired decision-making method for UAV swarms for attack-defense confrontation via MARL. Firstly, a UAV swarm decision-making framework for confrontation based on grouping mechanisms is established. Secondly, a bio-inspired action space is designed, and a dense reward is added to the reward function to accelerate the convergence speed of training. Finally, numerical experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of our method. The experiment results show that the proposed method can be applied to a swarm of 12 UAVs, and when the maximum acceleration of the enemy UAV is within 2.5 times ours, the swarm can well intercept the enemy, and the success rate is above 91%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Chi
- Institute of Unmanned System, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiahong Wei
- School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kun Wu
- Flying College, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bin Di
- Defense Innovation Institute, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yingxun Wang
- Institute of Unmanned System, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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23
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Chen J, Zang Y, Chen M, Shi C, Zhang M, Di B, Jiang C. Sensitive determination of 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in wastewater by solid-phase extraction with pre-column derivatization and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Methods 2023. [PMID: 37226492 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00420a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
As the dangers of cannabis abuse draw attention worldwide, it is necessary to assess the level of consumption in the community. The analysis of 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH) excreted in wastewater can provide information for a defined catchment area. Due to its hydrophobic nature and absence of ionizable groups, its detection is challenging. In this study, a highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the quantitative determination of THC-COOH in urban wastewater. The derivatization reagent 6-methylpyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride (MPS) with analyte-specific fragmentation was proven to be the most effective for improving sensitivity. Samples were extracted by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and satisfactory recovery was achieved (>79%) by adding acetonitrile to the samples for ultrasonic-assisted extraction before filtration. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.03 ng L-1 and 0.1 ng L-1, respectively, from a 40 mL sample. The established methodology was applied to profile the presence of THC-COOH in influent wastewater samples. It was shown that 20 out of the 252 samples contained THC-COOH and the concentrations were all below 1 ng L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, PR China
- China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yuanshuai Zang
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, PR China
- China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Mengyi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, PR China
- China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Chen Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, PR China
- China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Manlei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, PR China
- China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Bin Di
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, PR China
- China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, PR China
- China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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24
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Yan K, Wang L, Zhu Z, Duan S, Hua Z, Xu P, Xu H, Hu C, Wang Y, Di B. Cucurbituril-protected dual-readout gold nanoclusters for sensitive fentanyl detection. Analyst 2023; 148:1253-1258. [PMID: 36779286 DOI: 10.1039/d2an01748b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A large number of cases showed that fentanyl (FEN) has become the main cause of death from illegal drug overdose owing to its potent effect on respiratory depression, which has emerged as a grave threat to public health and safety. However, traditional analytical methods require cost-prohibitive equipment, complex pretreatment procedures, and technically trained experts, thus highlighting the urgent need to develop a cost-effective, straightforward, and highly sensitive method to detect FEN. This work demonstrated a dual-readout sensor FGGC-AuNCs@Q7 for FEN detection, which is based on the molecular recognition and self-assembly between the macrocycle cucurbit[7]uril (Q7) and FEN, accompanying spontaneous visual Tyndall effect and fluorescence optical responses of the gold nanoclusters within seconds. A detection limit of 1 ng mL-1 and a linear range of 9 to 148 000 ng mL-1 were achieved for fluorescence detection on FEN, with favorable selectivity in the presence of other illicit drugs or common interferents. The proposed method has been proved by its satisfactory application for the analysis of human urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yan
- China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Lancheng Wang
- China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Zhihang Zhu
- China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Shiqi Duan
- China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Zhendong Hua
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China.
| | - Peng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China.
| | - Hui Xu
- China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Chi Hu
- China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Youmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China.
| | - Bin Di
- China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
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25
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Yang Y, Liu D, Hua Z, Xu P, Wang Y, Di B, Liao J, Su M. Machine Learning-Assisted Rapid Screening of Four Types of New Psychoactive Substances in Drug Seizures. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:815-825. [PMID: 36645156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, new psychoactive substances (NPS) have become a global health and social problem because of their wide variety, constant structural renewal, vague legal definitions, and rapid adaptation to legal restrictions. The rapid structural modifications of NPS have posed significant challenges for the screening and identification of these new substances using traditional mass spectrometric techniques based on reference substances or a mass spectral database. Here, we propose supervised machine learning (ML) classification models such as k-nearest neighbors, support vector machine, random forest, and multigrained cascade forest for the rapid screening of NPS using mass spectrometric data. This approach utilizes ML methods to learn the statistical probability distributions of mass spectral data for NPS and non-NPS. Four classification ML models were generated and evaluated using a data set comprising 567 LC-MS and 732 GC-MS spectra. Through cross validation, we achieved an F1 score of 0.35-0.97. These algorithms were applied in conjunction with mass spectrometry techniques for the detection of six seizures including electronic cigarette oil and suspected powdered substances netted in drug trafficking cases. The models provided warning signals for synthetic cannabinoids, synthetic cathinones, and fentanyl. Thus, an early warning system was successfully established, which provided a useful method for reliable and effective identifications of unknown NPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing210009, China.,China National Narcotics Control Commission - ChinaPharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing210009, China
| | - Dongping Liu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing210009, China
| | - Zhendong Hua
- China National Narcotics Control Commission - ChinaPharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing100741, P. R. China
| | - Peng Xu
- China National Narcotics Control Commission - ChinaPharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing100741, P. R. China
| | - Youmei Wang
- China National Narcotics Control Commission - ChinaPharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing100741, P. R. China
| | - Bin Di
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing210009, China.,China National Narcotics Control Commission - ChinaPharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing210009, China
| | - Jun Liao
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing210009, China
| | - Mengxiang Su
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing210009, China.,China National Narcotics Control Commission - ChinaPharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing210009, China
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26
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Hou C, Zhong Y, Zhang L, Liu M, Yan F, Chen M, Wang Y, Xu P, Su M, Hu C, Di B. Estimating the prevalence of hypertension in 164 cities in China by wastewater-based epidemiology. J Hazard Mater 2023; 443:130147. [PMID: 36283217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is the most common chronic non-infectious disease and a severe problem for public health in China. There were 244.5 million people aged over 18 years in China who had hypertension in 2015, and hypertension-related death accounted for more than 25 % of all causes of death in China every year. To monitor the hypertension prevalence in near real-time, a wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) approach by using metoprolol acid as a biomarker was conducted in 164 cities in China. LC-MS/MS was utilized to quantify metoprolol acid in sewage, and satisfactory method validation results were achieved. The average concentration of metoprolol acid in sewage was 943.1 ± 671.1 ng/L, and the back-calculated consumption of metoprolol based on metoprolol acid was 932.0 ± 390.5 mg/day/1000inh on average, ranging from 76.7 to 3275.7 mg/day/1000inh. The prevalence of metoprolol was estimated to be 0.83 % ± 0.35 %, and the estimated hypertension prevalence in the population aged over 15 years was ultimately assessed to be 28.56 % ± 10.44 % ranging from 14.28 % to 44.28 % and was consistent with the China Hypertension Survey result of 27.9 %. This research demonstrated that estimating hypertension prevalence by WBE with metoprolol acid as a biomarker is feasible in Chinese cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenzhi Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, PR China; China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yuling Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, PR China; China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, PR China; China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Muyuan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, PR China; China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, PR China; China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Mengyi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, PR China; China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Youmei Wang
- China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, PR China; National Narcotics Laboratory, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center of the Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100741, PR China; Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Ministry of Public Security, People's Republic of China, Beijing 100741, PR China
| | - Peng Xu
- China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, PR China; National Narcotics Laboratory, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center of the Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100741, PR China; Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Ministry of Public Security, People's Republic of China, Beijing 100741, PR China
| | - Mengxiang Su
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, PR China; China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Chi Hu
- China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
| | - Bin Di
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, PR China; China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Wei J, Lai M, Li F, Chen Y, Li X, Qiu Y, Shen H, Xu P, Di B. Assessment of abuse potential of carfentanil. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13265. [PMID: 36692872 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Carfentanil, as a fentanyl analogue, is a potent synthetic opioid. It has been controlled in many countries, and its emergence has been highlighted by many recent reports. However, although discriminative stimulus effects of carfentanil in rats had been reported, its abuse potential has not been fully evaluated. In this study, we evaluated the abuse potential of carfentanil via the tests of conditioned place preference (CPP), drug self-administration and naloxone-precipitated opioid withdrawal assay, compared with fentanyl and heroin. Carfentanil exhibited significant place preference at a minimum dose of 1 μg/kg in mice, whereas fentanyl and heroin induced significant place preference at the minimum doses of 100 μg/kg and 1000 μg/kg, respectively. In the drug-substitution test in heroin self-administered rats (50 μg/kg/infusion), carfentanil and fentanyl acquired significant self-administrations above saline levels from 0.05-0.1 and 0.1-10.0 μg/kg/infusion, respectively. Carfentanil induced the maximum number of infusions at 0.1 μg/kg, whereas fentanyl and heroin at 1 and 25 μg/kg, respectively. In short, carfentanil showed the highest potency to induce CPP and self-administration. Furthermore, repeated treatment with escalating doses of carfentanil, fentanyl or heroin induced typical withdrawal symptoms in mice, including a greater number of jumping and weight loss than saline group. This indicated that carfentanil could produce physical dependence similar to fentanyl and heroin. Taken together, the present study demonstrated the higher abuse potential of carfentanil compared with fentanyl and heroin. The rank order of abuse potential for these compounds is carfentanil > fentanyl > heroin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayun Wei
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Beijing, China.,Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miaojun Lai
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Addiction Research of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Qiu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haowei Shen
- Faculty of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Peng Xu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Di
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Beijing, China
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Hu J, Chen H, Liu W, Ji J, Liu M, Li B, Di B. Pulverization is a crucial step-a comparative study of different pretreatments in hair drug testing. J Anal Toxicol 2023; 47:346-352. [PMID: 36611270 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In forensic toxicology, hair has become a hot biological material for drug testing due to its wider detection window and noninvasive sampling process compared to traditional liquid biological materials (e.g., blood and urine). However, hair as a matrix differs from body fluids, as it is not as easily aliquoted for analysis. Nevertheless, pretreatment methods for hair detection have gradually improved from the first chemical methods, such as alkali digestion and acid hydrolysis, to now include the physical method of pulverization, and further improvements beyond "pulverization" protocols. In a previous study, we updated and developed a "micropulverized extraction" method. In the present study, our aim was to gain a more complete understanding of the "micropulverized extraction" method by comparing pulverization temperature and hair particle size, as these two factors are known to influence the effectiveness of sample processing. The analytes we selected were those commonly encountered in traditional drug abuse cases: (±)-methamphetamine, (±)-amphetamine, morphine, 6-acetylmorphine, cocaine, benzoylecgonine, (-)-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, ketamine, (±)-norketamine, and (±)3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine. The analysis method was liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, 200063, China
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, 200063, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, 200063, China
| | - Jiaojiao Ji
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, 200063, China
| | - Mengxi Liu
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, 200063, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bin Di
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Chen M, Liu X, Yang S, Chen Z, Di B, Liu W, Yan H. HPLC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of aflatoxins in blood: toxicokinetics of aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin M1 in rats. J Anal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-022-00336-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMycotoxins are highly toxic fungal metabolites that can pose health threats to humans and animals. Aflatoxins are a type of mycotoxin produced mainly by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. A sensitive high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) method with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes was developed for the determination of aflatoxins in blood after acetonitrile precipitation extraction. The limits of quantification of aflatoxins ranged from 0.05 to 0.2 ng/mL. Intra-day accuracy ranged from 92 to 111.0%, and intra-day precision (n = 6) ranged from 1 to 8%. Inter-day accuracy and precision were 94.0–102.0% and 2.0–8.0%, respectively. The toxicokinetics of AFB1 and its metabolite AFM1 after a single oral administration (AFB1 1 mg/kg body weight) were studied in male Sprague–Dawley rats. The blood AFB1 and AFM1 profiles could be adequately described by a noncompartmental model. The highest concentration of AFB1 (Cmax 93.42 ± 23.01 ng/mL) was observed with Tmax at 0.15 ± 0.034 h. AFB1 was rapidly metabolized to AFM1 which reached its peak blood concentration (Cmax 53.86 ± 12.12 ng/mL) at 0.33 ± 0.11 h. The HPLC–MS/MS method was simple and sensitive, appropriate for studying the in vivo toxicokinetics of aflatoxins.
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30
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Tong Y, Lin Y, Di B, Yang G, He J, Wang C, Guo P. Effect of Hydrolyzed Gallotannin on Growth Performance, Immune Function, and Antioxidant Capacity of Yellow-Feather Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2971. [PMID: 36359094 PMCID: PMC9656923 DOI: 10.3390/ani12212971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tannins were traditionally considered as anti-nutritional factors in poultry production. Recent studies found that the addition of hydrolyzed gallotannin (HGT) could improve animal health; however, the proper dosage of HGT in chickens' diet is still unknown. Hence, our study aims to recommend its optimal dose by exploring the effects of HGT from Chinese gallnuts on the growth performance, immune function, and antioxidant capacity of yellow-feather broilers. A total of 288 male yellow-feather broilers (34.10 ± 0.08 g) were randomly allocated to four diet treatments, the basal diet with 0 (CON), 150, 300, and 450 mg/kg HGT for 63 days, respectively, with six replications per treatment and 12 birds per replication. The growth performance, slaughter performance, immune organ index, liver antioxidant-related indicators, and serum immune-related factors were evaluated. Results show that HGT supplementation did not influence the growth performance of broilers, but the diets supplemented with 300 and 450 mg/kg HGT increased the semi-eviscerated rate. Furthermore, HGT increased the content of liver T-AOC and the ratio of GSH/GSSG, which can protect against oxidative damage of birds. Additionally, supplementing HGT raised the contents of serum IL-10, IL-4, IL-6, IgA, and IgM. In conclusion, diet supplemented with 450 mg/kg HGT may be the optimal to the health of yellow-feather broilers on the whole.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Changkang Wang
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 250003, China
| | - Pingting Guo
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 250003, China
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31
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Han X, Wang F, Yang P, Di B, Xu X, Zhang C, Yao M, Sun Y, Lin Y. A Bioinformatic Approach Based on Systems Biology to Determine the Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Comput Math Methods Med 2022; 2022:5337380. [PMID: 36203534 PMCID: PMC9532139 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5337380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has infected millions of individuals worldwide. While COVID-19 generally affects the lungs, it also damages other organs, including those of the cardiovascular system. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common genetic cardiovascular disorder. Studies have shown that HCM patients with COVID-19 have a higher mortality rate; however, the reason for this phenomenon is not yet elucidated. Herein, we conducted transcriptomic analyses to identify shared biomarkers between HCM and COVID-19 to bridge this knowledge gap. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained using the Gene Expression Omnibus ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing datasets, GSE147507 and GSE89714, to identify shared pathways and potential drug candidates. We discovered 30 DEGs that were common between these two datasets. Using a combination of statistical and biological tools, protein-protein interactions were constructed in response to these findings to support hub genes and modules. We discovered that HCM is linked to COVID-19 progression based on a functional analysis under ontology terms. Based on the DEGs identified from the datasets, a coregulatory network of transcription factors, genes, proteins, and microRNAs was also discovered. Lastly, our research suggests that the potential drugs we identified might be helpful for COVID-19 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Department of Cardiology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Di
- Department of Cardiology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunya Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaping Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyi Lin
- Department of Pulmonary Vascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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32
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Chen Z, Xie L, Lei W, Deng H, Chen M, Xiang P, Su M, Di B, Chen H. Stable Isotope Ratio Analysis Combined with Likelihood Ratio as a New Tool for Establishing Ethanol Origin. Forensic Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2022.100451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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33
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Li F, Qiao Y, Chen Y, Li N, Yang M, Li X, Qiu Y, Cui W, Shen H, Xu P, Di B. N-Ethylnorketamine has anesthetic and analgesic effects with abuse liability. Behav Brain Res 2022; 435:114052. [PMID: 35952778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Arylcyclohexylamines is an ever-growing class of new psychoactive substances, including an increasing number of ketamine analogs. N-Ethylnorketamine (NENK) is a new synthetic ketamine analog that has emerged as an abused drug, but little is known about the pharmacological profile of NENK. In this study, we investigated the anesthetic and analgesic activity, abuse liability of NENK compared with ketamine. The ED50 values of anesthetic activity for NENK and ketamine were 96.9, 69.4 mg/kg, respectively. The ED50 values of analgesic activity for NENK and ketamine were 45.9 and 23.6 mg/kg, respectively. NENK induced significant conditioned place preference at a minimum dose of 10.0 mg/kg in mice, an effect comparable to that of ketamine (3.0 mg/kg). Acute injections of NENK or ketamine at 30.0 mg/kg enhanced locomotor activity, and repeated treatments with this dose induced locomotor sensitization after withdrawal. Taken together, these results clearly demonstrated that NENK has lower anesthetic and analgesic activity compared to ketamine, but has significant abuse liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, PR China; Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yanling Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, PR China; Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Beijing 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, PR China; Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, PR China; Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Mengxiang Yang
- Faculty of Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, PR China; Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Beijing 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yi Qiu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Wei Cui
- Faculty of Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Haowei Shen
- Faculty of Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Peng Xu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, PR China; Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Beijing 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Bin Di
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, PR China; Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Duan S, Jia Y, Zhu Z, Wang L, Xu P, Wang Y, Di B, Hu C. Induction of CYP450 by illicit drugs: Studies using an in vitro 3D spheroidal model in comparison to animals. Toxicol Lett 2022; 367:88-95. [PMID: 35914676 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Information regarding the metabolism of illicit drugs is under urgent need for toxicological assessment. Its development, however, is limited by the currently available animal models. To this end, we proposed three-dimensional (3D) HepaRG spheroids as an in vitro model to study the effects of illicit drugs on hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes and potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs). By comparing the results from animal and cell experiments, we confirmed the significant impact of heroin, morphine, tetrahydrocannabinol, and fentanyl on CYP450 enzymes, and the 3D spheroids results were in good agreement with the animal results for 2B6, 2C19, 2D6. Using 3D HepaRG spheroids, we demonstrated DDIs between heroin as a 2B6 perpetrator and clinical medicine for cancer, depression, and illicit drug withdrawal. Specifically, the clearance rate of 5.4μM bupropion was increased by 214% under DDI with 5µM heroin, highlighting the importance of DDI pre-screening and individualized medication guidance for illicit drug users. This research contributes to the growing body of evidence regarding the metabolic toxicity of illicit drugs and suggests 3D HepaRG spheroids as a high-throughput and cost-efficient platform for DDI analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Duan
- China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yan Jia
- China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhihang Zhu
- China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lancheng Wang
- China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
| | - Youmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Di
- China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Chi Hu
- China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
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35
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Liu P, Liu W, Qiao H, Jiang S, Wang Y, Chen J, Su M, Di B. Simultaneous quantification of 106 drugs or their metabolites in nail samples by UPLC-MS/MS with high-throughput sample preparation: Application to 294 real cases. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1226:340170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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36
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Wang L, Xu M, Zhou H, Yan K, Duan S, Xue D, Wang Y, Di B, Hu C. Teaching PCR for Simultaneous Sensing of Gene Transcription and Downstream Metabolites by Cucurbit[8]uril-Mediated Intervention of Polymerase Activity. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8715-8723. [PMID: 35671188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The target of typical PCR analysis is restricted to nucleic acids. To this end, we report here a novel strategy to simultaneously detect genetic and metabolic markers using commercial PCR kits with cucurbit[8]urils (CB[8]) implemented to manipulate the activity of Taq DNA polymerase. CB[8] binds with the nonionic surfactants and displaces them from the polymerase surface, resulting in decreased enzyme activity. Meanwhile, the inhibited enzyme can be reversibly activated when spermine, the downstream metabolite of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), is present in the sample, which competitively binds to CB[8] and recovers polymerase activity. CB[8] was implemented in conventional PCR kits not only to reduce false-positive results but also to extend the detection range of PCR technology. With this novel method to detect ODC in cell lysates containing both the nucleotides and intracellular metabolites, positive results were only observed in highly active HEK 293T cells, whereas silent cells treated with ODC inhibitor showed negative readouts, therefore providing a simple but elegant dual-modality PCR method for precision diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lancheng Wang
- China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University, Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mingjie Xu
- China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University, Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University, Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kun Yan
- China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University, Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shiqi Duan
- China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University, Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dandan Xue
- China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University, Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Youmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, No. 18 Dongbeiwang West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bin Di
- China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University, Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chi Hu
- China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University, Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China
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Jiang LY, Liu Y, Su WZ, Cao YM, Liu WH, Di B, Yang ZC. [Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever and E gene evolution of dengue virus in Guangzhou, 2020]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2022; 43:716-721. [PMID: 35589578 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20210930-00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To assess the incidence of dengue fever and E gene evolution of dengue virus in Guangzhou in 2020 and understand the local epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever and spreading of dengue virus. Methods: The information of dengue fever cases in Guangzhou in 2020 was collected from Notifiable Infectious Disease System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Information System. Serum samples from the cases were detected by real-time PCR. The E gene was sequenced and analyzed. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees were constructed using software MEGA 5.05. The statistical analysis was conducted using software SPSS 20.0. Results: A total of 33 dengue fever cases were reported in Guangzhou in 2020, including 31 (93.94%) imported cases and 2 (6.06%) local cases. Compared with the data during 2016 to 2019, the number of cases, overall incidence and local incidence all decreased with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). The imported cases from Southeast Asia constituted 90.32% (28/31) of imported cases. The E gene sequences and the phylogenetic trees of imported and local cases demonstrated close relationship with the virus sequences from Southeast Asian, and they were less homologous with the sequences of dengue virus isolated in Guangzhou in previous years. Conclusions: The incidence of dengue in Guangzhou in 2020 was significantly affected by the imported cases, especially those from Southeast Asian countries. The study result demonstrated that dengue fever was not endemic in Guangzhou and it was caused by imported ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Y Jiang
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - W Z Su
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Y M Cao
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - W H Liu
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - B Di
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Z C Yang
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
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Li F, Du H, Wu B, Wei J, Qiao Y, Lai M, Zhou W, Shen H, Wang Y, Xu P, Di B. 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine has similar abuse potential as ketamine. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13171. [PMID: 35470563 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
2-Fluorodeschloroketamine (2-FDCK) as a substitute for ketamine has emerged among drug abusers in recent years. However, 2-FDCK has not been controlled or regulated in many countries, which may be partly related to the lack of evidence on its abuse potential. In this study, we evaluated the abuse potential of 2-FDCK via the tests of the conditioned place preference (CPP), locomotor sensitization, drug self-administration and drug discrimination using ketamine as a reference. 2-FDCK induced significant CPP at a minimum dose of 3 mg/kg in mice, an effect comparable with that of ketamine (3 mg/kg). Acute injections of 2-FDCK or ketamine at 30 mg/kg enhanced locomotor activity. Repeated treatments with this dose of 2-FDCK and ketamine induced locomotor sensitization after withdrawal. 2-FDCK readily induced self-administration with 0.5 mg/kg/infusion, the same dose for ketamine, and induced the highest seeking response at 1 mg/kg. Drug discrimination test showed that 2-FDCK dose-dependently substitute for ketamine with comparable ED50 to ketamine in substitution testing. Taken together, these results strongly suggested that 2-FDCK has an abuse potential comparable with ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing China
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control Beijing China
| | - Han Du
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Addiction, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, School of Medicine Ningbo University Ningbo China
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing China
- Drug Laboratory of Narcotic Control Division Nanjing Public Security Bureau Nanjing China
| | - Jiayun Wei
- School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing China
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control Beijing China
| | - Yanling Qiao
- School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing China
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center Ministry of Public Security Beijing China
| | - Miaojun Lai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Addiction, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, School of Medicine Ningbo University Ningbo China
| | - Wenhua Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Addiction, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, School of Medicine Ningbo University Ningbo China
| | - Haowei Shen
- Faculty of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine Ningbo University Ningbo China
| | - Youmei Wang
- School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing China
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center Ministry of Public Security Beijing China
| | - Peng Xu
- School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing China
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center Ministry of Public Security Beijing China
| | - Bin Di
- School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing China
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control Beijing China
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Dai Z, An LY, Chen XY, Yang F, Zhao N, Li CC, Ren R, Li BY, Tao WY, Li P, Jiang C, Yan F, Jiang ZY, You QD, Di B, Xu LL. Target Fishing Reveals a Novel Mechanism of 1,2,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives Targeting Rpn6, a Subunit of 26S Proteasome. J Med Chem 2022; 65:5029-5043. [PMID: 35253427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
1,2,4-Oxadiazole derivatives, a class of Nrf2-ARE activators, exert an extensive therapeutic effect on inflammation, cancer, neurodegeneration, and microbial infection. Among these analogues, DDO-7263 is the most potent Nrf2 activator and used as the core structure for bioactive probes to explore the precise mechanism. In this work, we obtained compound 7, a mimic of DDO-7263, and biotin-labeled and fluorescein-based probes, which exhibited homologous biological activities to DDO-7263, including activating Nrf2 and its downstream target genes, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-inflammatory effects. Affinity chromatography and mass analysis techniques revealed Rpn6 as the potential target protein regulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. In vitro affinity experiments further confirmed that DDO-7263 upregulated Nrf2 through binding to Rpn6 to block the assembly of 26S proteasome and the subsequent degradation of ubiquitinated Nrf2. These results indicated that Rpn6 is a promising candidate target to activate the Nrf2 pathway for protecting cells and tissues from oxidative, electrophilic, and exogenous microbial stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lu-Yan An
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ni Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Cui-Cui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ren Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bing-Yan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei-Yan Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Pei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zheng-Yu Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qi-Dong You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bin Di
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li-Li Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Qi L, Dong T, Jiang X, Li J, Di B, Yan F. Preparation of polydopamine-functionalized mesoporous silica-coated core/shell magnetic nanocomposite for efficiently extracting five amphetamine-type stimulants from wastewater followed by UPLC-MS/MS determination. J Hazard Mater 2022; 426:128082. [PMID: 34923385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) was a near-real-time monitoring strategy for illegal drugs. However, solid-phase extraction (SPE) widely used in WBE was time-consuming and labor-intensive to extract ultra-trace target compounds from wastewater. In this study, a convenient magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) approach based on newly designed and synthesized polydopamine functionalized core-shell magnetic mesoporous silica (Fe3O4@nSiO2@mSiO2@PDA) nanocomposite was synthesized and firstly utilized for simultaneously extracting five amphetamine-type stimulants (ATSs) from wastewater samples. Subsequently, ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method coupled with optimal MSPE was developed for determination of ultra-trace ATSs in wastewater. The validation results indicated a favorable linearity ranging from 1 to 200 ng L-1, low limit of detection (0.5-2.5 ng L-1), and qualified recovery (95.1-106.6%) and repeatability (0.6-6.2%). In addition, the Fe3O4@nSiO2@mSiO2@PDA nanoparticles could be reused for at least ten times without significant loss of the adsorption efficiencies of ATSs. Finally, the MSPE-UPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to real wastewater samples with the results that the preparation procedure was shrunk from 2 h to 30 min without obvious decline of extraction efficiency compared with the SPE. Hence, based on merits of the novel Fe3O4@nSiO2@mSiO2@PDA nanocomposite, the proposed method is convenient and reliable for determination of ATSs in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likai Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No.24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tian Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No.24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xinyi Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No.24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No.24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bin Di
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No.24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No.24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
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41
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Yang S, Shi Y, Chen Z, Chen M, Liu X, Liu W, Su M, Di B. Detection of mescaline in human hair samples by UPLC-MS/MS: Application to 19 authentic forensic cases. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1195:123202. [PMID: 35248899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mescaline, a natural alkaloid found in the peyote cactus (Lophophora williamsii) in the Americas, has gradually become a drug of abuse in China because of its psychedelic properties. Its intake may lead to hallucinations and confusion or even be life-threatening. Mescaline is classified as a class Ⅰ psychotropic drug in China, which means its use in medicine or scientific research is under strict control of the government. However, studies on surveillance of mescaline abuse in the Chinese population are lacking. A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination and quantification of mescaline in hair. The method had good linearity in the range from 10 to 1000 pg/mg, with the limit of detection (LOD) of 3 pg/mg and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 10 pg/mg. The total runtime was 5 min. Acceptable intraday and interday precision (RSD < 15%) and accuracy (bias, -11.2% ∼ 6.8%) were achieved. The recovery was 85.0-101.0%, and the matrix effect was 92.0-105.0%. The validated method was successfully applied to 19 real forensic cases. The concentrations of mescaline in hair ranged from 10 to 784 pg/mg. The method has the benefits of simple sample preparation, high sensitivity, and short running time, making it suitable for large-scale quantitative surveillance analysis of mescaline in forensic toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Academy of Forensic science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai 200063, PR China
| | - Yan Shi
- Academy of Forensic science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai 200063, PR China
| | - Zhuonan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Academy of Forensic science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai 200063, PR China
| | - Mobing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Academy of Forensic science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai 200063, PR China
| | - Xinze Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Academy of Forensic science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai 200063, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- Academy of Forensic science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai 200063, PR China.
| | - Mengxiang Su
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Bin Di
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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Wang J, Qi L, Hou C, Zhang T, Chen M, Meng H, Su M, Xu H, Hua Z, Wang Y, Di B. Automatic analytical approach for the determination of 12 illicit drugs and nicotine metabolites in wastewater using on-line SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS. J Pharm Anal 2022; 11:739-745. [PMID: 35028179 PMCID: PMC8740382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed a novel on-line solid phase extraction (SPE)-ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS)-based analytical method for simultaneously quantifying 12 illicit drugs and metabolites (methamphetamine, amphetamine, morphine, codeine, 6-monoacetylmorphine, benzoylecgonine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, cocaine, ketamine, norketamine, and methcathinone) and cotinine (COT) in wastewater samples. The analysis was performed by loading 2 mL of the sample onto an Oasis hydrophilic-lipophilic balance cartridge and using a cleanup step (5% methanol) to eliminate interference with a total run time of 13 min. The isotope-labeled internal standard method was used to quantify the target substances and correct for unavoidable losses and matrix effects during the on-line SPE process. Typical analytical characteristics used for method validation were sensitivity, linearity, precision, repeatability, recovery, and matrix effects. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of each target were set at 0.20 ng/L and 0.50 ng/L, respectively. The linearity was between 0.5 ng/L and 250 ng/L, except for that of COT. The intra- and inter-day precisions were <10.45% and 25.64%, respectively, and the relative recovery ranged from 83.74% to 162.26%. The method was used to analyze various wastewater samples from 33 cities in China, and the results were compared with the experimental results of identical samples analyzed using off-line SPE. The difference rate was between 19.91% and −20.44%, and the error range could be considered acceptable. These findings showed that on-line SPE is a suitable alternative to off-line SPE for the analysis of illicit drugs in samples. A new wastewater analysis method based on on-line SPE UHPLC-MS/MS was established. The on-line SPE method showed excellent performance compared with off-line SPE. High sensitivity and short analysis time were achieved using the on-line SPE method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Likai Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chenzhi Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Drug Control Information and Technology Center, The Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100741, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, The Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100741, China
| | - Mengyi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Haitao Meng
- Analytical Applications Center, Analytical Instruments Division, Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd., Nanjing Branch, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Mengxiang Su
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hui Xu
- China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhendong Hua
- China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Drug Control Information and Technology Center, The Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100741, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, The Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100741, China
| | - Youmei Wang
- China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Drug Control Information and Technology Center, The Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100741, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, The Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100741, China
| | - Bin Di
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China
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Di B, Miao YH, Wang J, Li XM. [Precise resection and defect repair of external nose malignant tumor]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2022; 57:15-21. [PMID: 35090204 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20210630-00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the methods for the accurate resection of malignant tumors of the external nose, and the accurate evaluation and repair of tissue defects. Methods: We collected 48 cases with nasal malignant tumors treated in 980 Hospital, Joint Support Force of the People's Liberation Army from January 2010 to June 2020, including 28 males and 20 females, aged 36-86 years. The pathological types of tumors included basal cell carcinomas (n=29), squamous cell carcinomas (n=11), trichilemmal carcinomas(n=6), denoid cystic carcinoma (n=1) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n=1). Tumor resection was mainly based on the traditional extended resection determined by the safety margin, and Mohs surgery was used to minimize the scope of resection, for the margin that significantly affected the repairing results, such as the lesion adjacent to the nasal alar margin, nasal columella or deep easy-penetrating margin. All cases obtained tumor resection and primary/secondary defect reconstruction. Results: According to the pathological type and tumor size, the safe resection margin was mainly 4-10 mm, and Mohs surgery was used in 24 cases. Limited-size defects in 38 cases were repaired with double-leaf flaps, kite flaps, nasal dorsum brow flaps, nasolabial flaps or free tissues. Among 10 cases with compound defects, 8 cases were repaired with frontal flaps, including 4 cases with single frontal flaps, 2 cases with additional titanium mesh stent reconstruction and 2 cases with over and out frontal flaps. During follow-up of 1 to 10 years, all the flaps survived without flap necrosis, and the postoperative nasal contour and ventilation were satisfactory. One patient had tumor recurrence 18 months after operation, 2 patients died of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and other patients survived without tumors. Conclusions: Mohs surgery can basically meet the requirements for precise resection of external nasal malignant tumors. Individualized application of adjacent tissue flaps and various frontal flaps is a reasonable choice to achieve the satisfactory outcome of external nasal repair and to take into account the complexity of operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Di
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, No. 980 Hospital/Bethune International Peace Hospital of Joint Logistic Supportive Force of People's Liberation Army, Shijiazhuang 050082, China
| | - Y H Miao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, No. 980 Hospital/Bethune International Peace Hospital of Joint Logistic Supportive Force of People's Liberation Army, Shijiazhuang 050082, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, No. 980 Hospital/Bethune International Peace Hospital of Joint Logistic Supportive Force of People's Liberation Army, Shijiazhuang 050082, China
| | - X M Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, No. 980 Hospital/Bethune International Peace Hospital of Joint Logistic Supportive Force of People's Liberation Army, Shijiazhuang 050082, China
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Jiang S, Zhong Y, Qiao H, Di B, Chen J, Su M. UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of caffeine and illicit psychoactive drugs in hair using a single-step high-speed grinding extraction - Insights into a cut-off value for caffeine abuse. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 209:114489. [PMID: 34847460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine is a commonly consumed psychoactive substance whose addictive potential has long been reported. Excessive caffeine intake may lead to severe health damage or drug addiction problems; however, studies on the surveillance of caffeine abuse by the Chinese population are lacking. This study aimed to propose a concentration value for caffeine based on hair analysis to distinguish excessive intake from normal consumption, and provide an analytical tool for forensic toxicology investigations of caffeine and other frequently abused drugs. A sensitive and accurate ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to detect caffeine and 13 illicit drugs and their metabolites in hair. Thereafter, this method was employed to test 479 real samples. Briefly, the hair samples were washed with water and acetone, and subsequently extracted by one-step high-speed grinding with acetonitrile-buffer solution. The lower limit of quantifications of 0.05 ng/mg for caffeine and THC, and 0.005 ng/mg for others, were achieved for all substances. The results revealed a mean caffeine concentration of 0.78 (range 0.008-3.5 ng/mg) based on 24 healthy volunteers, 55.0 (range 3.07-292.2 ng/mg) based on 52 self-reported caffeine abuse participants, and 5.78 (range 0-140.34 ng/mg) based on 403 drug addicts. The mean caffeine concentration in hair from self-reported caffeine abusers was 70-fold higher than that in hair from healthy volunteers. A tentative cut-off level of 5.5 ng/mg as an indicator of excessive caffeine consumption was developed based on receiver operating characteristic analysis. Additionally, the assessment of 403 hair samples from drug addicts indicated that illicit drug abusers had potential for caffeine abuse, especially polydrug users. This hair analysis method serves as a useful tool for the large-scale surveillance of caffeine and illicit drug abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuling Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hongwei Qiao
- China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, P.R. of China, Beijing 100741, China
| | - Bin Di
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jie Chen
- China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, P.R. of China, Beijing 100741, China.
| | - Mengxiang Su
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission - China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Xu L, Wang Y, Wu DF, Sun FM, Di B, Xu H, Song M, Lu YT, Hang TJ. Identification and monitoring of fentanyls-related substances in east China sewage water samples by LC-MS for drug enforcement. Sci Total Environ 2021; 797:149109. [PMID: 34303241 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fentanyls abuse is a persistent international concern. New fentanyl derivatives are constantly appearing, circumventing national and international laws. In this study, laboratory degradation experiment with different conditions such as pH, light, temperature and oxygen availability were compared to improve the understanding of the fentanyls degradation pathways. Twelve major degradants of sufentanil and alfentanil were detected and identified together using UHPLC-QTOF-MS. A total of thirty nine fentanyls including twelve typical fentanyl new psychoactive substances, eighteen manufacturing process-related substances and nine key degradants of sufentanil and alfentanil were screened in 120 sewage water samples collected from 20 sewage water treatment plants chosen among 6 urban cities in east China from July to August in 2020 using a validated UHPLC-MS/MS method. Three fentanyls (fentanyl, sufentanil, alfentanil), seven degradants and six manufacturing process-related substances were found in the test samples. The study could provide a useful tool for the monitoring of the abuses, illegal manufacturing or pharmaceuticals related pollutions of fentanyls and their analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ye Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dong-Feng Wu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fan-Mei Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bin Di
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui Xu
- China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Min Song
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu-Ting Lu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Tai-Jun Hang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Abdulbagi M, Wang L, Siddig O, Di B, Li B. D-Amino Acids and D-Amino Acid-Containing Peptides: Potential Disease Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets? Biomolecules 2021; 11:1716. [PMID: 34827714 PMCID: PMC8615943 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, amino acids are found in two forms, L and D enantiomers, except for glycine which does not have a chiral center. The change of one form to the other will lead to a change in the primary structure of proteins and hence may affect the function and biological activity of proteins. Indeed, several D-amino acid-containing peptides (DAACPs) were isolated from patients with cataracts, Alzheimer's and other diseases. Additionally, significant levels of free D-amino acids were found in several diseases, reflecting the disease conditions. Studying the molecular mechanisms of the DAACPs formation and the alteration in D-amino acids metabolism will certainly assist in understanding these diseases and finding new biomarkers and drug targets. In this review, the presence of DAACPs and free D-amino acids and their links with disease development and progress are summarized. Similarly, we highlight some recent advances in analytical techniques that led to improvement in the discovery and analysis of DAACPs and D-amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdulbagi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (M.A.); (L.W.); (O.S.)
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (M.A.); (L.W.); (O.S.)
| | - Orwa Siddig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (M.A.); (L.W.); (O.S.)
| | - Bin Di
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (M.A.); (L.W.); (O.S.)
- Center Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (M.A.); (L.W.); (O.S.)
- Center Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Zheng L, Ren R, Sun X, Zou Y, Shi Y, Di B, Niu MM. Discovery of a Dual Tubulin and Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Inhibitor by Structure-Based Pharmacophore Modeling, Virtual Screening, Molecular Docking, and Biological Evaluation. J Med Chem 2021; 64:15702-15715. [PMID: 34670362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Dual inhibition of tubulin and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) may become an attractive approach for cancer therapy. Here, we discover a dual tubulin/PARP-1 inhibitor (termed as TP-3) using structure-based virtual screening. TP-3 shows strong dual inhibitory effects on both tubulin and PARP-1. Cellular assays reveal that TP-3 shows superior antiproliferative activities against human cancer cells, including breast, liver, ovarian, and cervical cancers. Further studies indicate that TP-3 plays an antitumor role through multiple mechanisms, including the disturbance of the microtubule network and the PARP-1 DNA repairing function, accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks, inhibition of the tube formation, and induction of G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In vivo assessment indicates that TP-3 inhibits the growth of MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumors in nude mouse with no notable side effects. These data demonstrate that TP-3 is a dual-targeting, high-efficacy, and low-toxic antitumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufeng Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ren Ren
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaolian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yunting Zou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yiru Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bin Di
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Miao-Miao Niu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Wang L, Zhou H, Yan K, Xu P, Di B, Hu C, Su M. Using dual exonucleases to finely distinguish structural adjustment of aptamers for small-molecule detection. RSC Adv 2021; 11:32898-32903. [PMID: 35493548 PMCID: PMC9042303 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05551h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The binding of small molecules to their DNA aptamers can modulate their susceptibility to digestion by exonucleases, however, absolute differentiation between digestion and inhibition has never been reported. Here, we show that the digestion of aptamers by T7 exonuclease can be completely inhibited upon binding of small-molecule targets and exploit this finding for the first time to achieve sensitive, label-free small-molecule detection. We use a quinine-binding aptamer to show that target binding entirely halts T7 exonuclease digestion, leaving behind an intact double-stranded product that retains strong target affinity. On the contrary, digestion of nontarget-bound aptamer produces a single-stranded product incapable of target binding. Exonuclease I efficiently eliminates these single-stranded products but is unable to digest the target-bound double-stranded product. The remaining products can be fluorescently quantified with SYBR Gold to determine target concentrations, giving a limit of detection of 100 nM with the linear range from 0 to 8 μM. We demonstrate the first example of a dual-exonuclease-mediated approach capable of producing a concentration-dependent response in terms of aptamer digestion modules, therefore improving performance of the current aptamer-based assay for small-molecule detection. Dual exonucleases to finely distinguish structural adjustment of aptamers to produce absolute differentiation between digestion and inhibition.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lancheng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 P. R. China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 P. R. China
| | - Kun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 P. R. China
| | - Peng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security No. 18 Dongbeiwang West Road Beijing 100193 P. R. China
| | - Bin Di
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 P. R. China
| | - Chi Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 P. R. China
| | - Mengxiang Su
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 P. R. China
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Li XM, Song Q, Li HX, Di B. [Free rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap for the reconstruction of major and complex defects in the craniofacial regions after ablation of advanced sinonasal carcinomas]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2021; 56:907-913. [PMID: 34666436 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20210601-00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the method and plausibility of using free rectus abdominis flap (FRAF) to reconstruct the major and complex defects in the craniofacial regions after ablation of advanced sinonasal carcinoma. Methods: From 2007 to 2018 at No. 980 Hospital of Joint Logistic Supportive Force of People's Liberation Army of China, 13 patients with advanced carcinoma of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, including 11 males and 2 females, aged from 33 to 67 years, were treated with FRAF to repair the invasion of skull base, face and orbit. Based on adequate and meticulous preoperative evaluations on patients and tumors, complete resection of tumor bulks was performed. According to the sites, characters and extents of the defects, FRAF was introduced in different ways into reconstruction of major and complex defects in the craniofacial regions after resection of advanced sinonasal carcinomas, restoring the structure and contour of the craniofacial region. Results: Complete resection of tumors was achieved in all cases. For repairing the major and complex defects resulted from tumor ablation, FRAF graft was conducted in 13 patients with advanced sinonasal carcinomas. The recipient vessels were facial artery and vein in 9 cases, superficial temporal artery and vein in 4 cases. Vascular bridging with the external jugular vein was carried out in 2 cases who underwent submandibular neck dissections, in which facial artery and vein were used as recipient vessels. Free fibular flap was used along with FRAF in a case undergone bilateral maxillectomy. Pedicled galea capitis and periosteal flap were applied simultaneously in 3 cases with dura defects at the skullbase resulted from tumor resection. All flaps used in 13 cases survived uneventfully without major complications, with successful repair of defects, reconstruction of structures and restoration of contour of craniofacial regions. Conclusion: With adequate evaluation of resectability of tumors as well as nature and extent of defects after tumor removal, FRAF transplantation is an ideal method and strategy of choice for reconstructing the major and complex defects in craniofacial regions resulted from tumor ablation of advanced sinonasal carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- X M Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, No. 980 Hospital/Bethune International Peace Hospital of Joint Logistic Supportive Force of People's Liberation Army of China; Center of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of People's Liberation Army of China, Shijiazhuang 050082, China
| | - Q Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, No. 980 Hospital/Bethune International Peace Hospital of Joint Logistic Supportive Force of People's Liberation Army of China; Center of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of People's Liberation Army of China, Shijiazhuang 050082, China
| | - H X Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, No. 980 Hospital/Bethune International Peace Hospital of Joint Logistic Supportive Force of People's Liberation Army of China; Center of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of People's Liberation Army of China, Shijiazhuang 050082, China
| | - B Di
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, No. 980 Hospital/Bethune International Peace Hospital of Joint Logistic Supportive Force of People's Liberation Army of China; Center of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of People's Liberation Army of China, Shijiazhuang 050082, China
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Li C, Zhao N, An L, Dai Z, Chen X, Yang F, You Q, Di B, Hu C, Xu L. Apoptosis-inducing activity of synthetic hydrocarbon-stapled peptides in H358 cancer cells expressing KRAS G12C. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2670-2684. [PMID: 34589388 PMCID: PMC8463269 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancers are the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and pose a grave threat to human life and health. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most frequent malignancy occupying 80% of all lung cancer subtypes. Except for other mutations (e.g., KRASG12V/D) that are also vital for the occurrence, KRASG12C gene mutation is a significant driving force of NSCLC, with a prevalence of approximately 14% of all NSCLC patients. However, there are only a few therapeutic drugs targeting KRASG12C mutations currently. Here, we synthesized hydrocarbon-stapled peptide 3 that was much shorter and more stable with modest KRASG12C binding affinity and the same anti-tumor effect based on the α-helical peptide mimic SAH-SOS1A. The stapled peptide 3 effectively induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis, inhibiting cell growth in KRAS-mutated lung cancer cells via disrupting the KRAS-mediated RAF/MEK/ERK signaling, which was verified from the perspective of genomics and proteomics. Peptide 3 also exhibited strong anti-trypsin and anti-chymotrypsin abilities, as well as good plasma stability and human liver microsomal metabolic stability. Overall, peptide 3 retains the equivalent anti-tumor activity of SAH-SOS1A but with improved stability and affinity, superior to SAH-SOS1A. Our work offers a structural optimization approach of KRASG12C peptide inhibitors for cancer therapy.
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