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Voicu SN, Gheran CV, Balta C, Hermenean A, Callewaert M, Chuburu F, Dinischiotu A. In Vivo Evaluation of Innovative Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents Designed for Bioimaging Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1064. [PMID: 38674983 PMCID: PMC11054998 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was the investigation of biochemical and histological changes induced in different tissues, as a result of the subcutaneous administration of Gd nanohydrogels (GdDOTA⸦CS-TPP/HA) in a CD-1 mouse strain. The nanohydrogels were obtained by encapsulating contrast agents (GdDOTA) in a biocompatible polymer matrix composed of chitosan (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) through the ionic gelation process. The effects of Gd nanohydrogels on the redox status were evaluated by measuring specific activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as oxidative stress markers, such as reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and protein-reactive carbonyl groups (PRCG), in the liver, kidney, and heart tissues. The nitrosylated proteins expression were analyzed with Western Blot and the serum biochemical markers were measured with spectrophotometric methods. Also, a histological analysis of CD-1 mouse tissues was investigated. These results indicated that Gd nanohydrogels could potentially be an alternative to current MRI contrast agents thanks to their low toxicity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorina Nicoleta Voicu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (S.N.V.); (C.V.G.)
| | - Cecilia Virginia Gheran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (S.N.V.); (C.V.G.)
| | - Cornel Balta
- Department of Experimental and Applied Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, 310414 Arad, Romania; (C.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Anca Hermenean
- Department of Experimental and Applied Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, 310414 Arad, Romania; (C.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Maité Callewaert
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne URCA, CEDEX 2, F-51685 Reims, France; (M.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Françoise Chuburu
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne URCA, CEDEX 2, F-51685 Reims, France; (M.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Anca Dinischiotu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (S.N.V.); (C.V.G.)
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Feng S, Shen S, Yao Y, Liang M, Chen Y, Liu H. Comparison of different analytical methods for speciation of seven gadolinium-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents and the applications in wastewater and whole blood. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200575. [PMID: 36525388 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Three methods, high-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and ion chromatography, were compared for simultaneous speciation of seven commercial gadolinium-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Optimizations of experimental conditions for individual method were conducted, respectively. Methods of high-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry showed the capability of speciation for all seven target compounds, whereas ion chromatography was only suitable for three of them when using electronic conductivity detector. The limits of detection and limits of qualification by the three methods were compared, and high-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was found to be the most sensitive one. The limits of detection for seven target compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry were in the range of 0.15-0.55 pg. Thus, high-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was chosen as the final method and successfully applied to speciation analysis of seven gadolinium-based contrast agents in wastewater and whole blood. Compounds of gadoxetic acid disodium, gadobenate dimeglumine, gadodiamide, and gadobentetate dimeglumine were found in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunqing Feng
- Instrumental Analysis & Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Suyun Shen
- Instrumental Analysis & Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yao Yao
- Instrumental Analysis & Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Minsi Liang
- Instrumental Analysis & Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Instrumental Analysis & Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Instrumental Analysis & Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Anderhalten L, Silva RV, Morr A, Wang S, Smorodchenko A, Saatz J, Traub H, Mueller S, Boehm-Sturm P, Rodriguez-Sillke Y, Kunkel D, Hahndorf J, Paul F, Taupitz M, Sack I, Infante-Duarte C. Different Impact of Gadopentetate and Gadobutrol on Inflammation-Promoted Retention and Toxicity of Gadolinium Within the Mouse Brain. Invest Radiol 2022; 57:677-688. [PMID: 35467573 PMCID: PMC9444290 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Using a murine model of multiple sclerosis, we previously showed that repeated administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine led to retention of gadolinium (Gd) within cerebellar structures and that this process was enhanced with inflammation. This study aimed to compare the kinetics and retention profiles of Gd in inflamed and healthy brains after application of the macrocyclic Gd-based contrast agent (GBCA) gadobutrol or the linear GBCA gadopentetate. Moreover, potential Gd-induced neurotoxicity was investigated in living hippocampal slices ex vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice at peak of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE; n = 29) and healthy control mice (HC; n = 24) were exposed to a cumulative dose of 20 mmol/kg bodyweight of either gadopentetate dimeglumine or gadobutrol (8 injections of 2.5 mmol/kg over 10 days). Magnetic resonance imaging (7 T) was performed at baseline as well as at day 1, 10, and 40 post final injection (pfi) of GBCAs. Mice were sacrificed after magnetic resonance imaging and brain and blood Gd content was assessed by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-mass spectrometry (MS) and ICP-MS, respectively. In addition, using chronic organotypic hippocampal slice cultures, Gd-induced neurotoxicity was addressed in living brain tissue ex vivo, both under control or inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α] at 50 ng/μL) conditions. RESULTS Neuroinflammation promoted a significant decrease in T1 relaxation times after multiple injections of both GBCAs as shown by quantitative T1 mapping of EAE brains compared with HC. This corresponded to higher Gd retention within the EAE brains at 1, 10, and 40 days pfi as determined by laser ablation-ICP-MS. In inflamed cerebellum, in particular in the deep cerebellar nuclei (CN), elevated Gd retention was observed until day 40 after last gadopentetate application (CN: EAE vs HC, 55.06 ± 0.16 μM vs 30.44 ± 4.43 μM). In contrast, gadobutrol application led to a rather diffuse Gd content in the inflamed brains, which strongly diminished until day 40 (CN: EAE vs HC, 0.38 ± 0.08 μM vs 0.17 ± 0.03 μM). The analysis of cytotoxic effects of both GBCAs using living brain tissue revealed an elevated cell death rate after incubation with gadopentetate but not gadobutrol at 50 mM. The cytotoxic effect due to gadopentetate increased in the presence of the inflammatory mediator TNF-α (with vs without TNF-α, 3.15% ± 1.18% vs 2.17% ± 1.14%; P = 0.0345). CONCLUSIONS In the EAE model, neuroinflammation promoted increased Gd retention in the brain for both GBCAs. Whereas in the inflamed brains, efficient clearance of macrocyclic gadobutrol during the investigated time period was observed, the Gd retention after application of linear gadopentetate persisted over the entire observational period. Gadopentetate but not gadubutrol appeared to be neurotoxic in an ex vivo paradigm of neuronal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Anderhalten
- From the Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), A Cooperation Between the Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin
| | - Rafaela V. Silva
- From the Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), A Cooperation Between the Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences
| | - Anna Morr
- Department of Radiology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt–Universität zu Berlin, Berlin
| | - Shuangqing Wang
- From the Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), A Cooperation Between the Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin
| | - Alina Smorodchenko
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg
| | - Jessica Saatz
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Berlin
| | - Heike Traub
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Berlin
| | - Susanne Mueller
- Department of Experimental Neurology and Center for Stroke Research
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin
| | - Philipp Boehm-Sturm
- Department of Experimental Neurology and Center for Stroke Research
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin
| | - Yasmina Rodriguez-Sillke
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Flow & Mass Cytometry Core Facility, Berlin, Germany
| | - Désirée Kunkel
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Flow & Mass Cytometry Core Facility, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Hahndorf
- Department of Radiology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt–Universität zu Berlin, Berlin
| | - Friedemann Paul
- From the Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), A Cooperation Between the Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin
| | - Matthias Taupitz
- Department of Radiology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt–Universität zu Berlin, Berlin
| | - Ingolf Sack
- Department of Radiology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt–Universität zu Berlin, Berlin
| | - Carmen Infante-Duarte
- From the Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), A Cooperation Between the Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin
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Oluwasola IE, Ahmad AL, Shoparwe NF, Ismail S. Gadolinium based contrast agents (GBCAs): Uniqueness, aquatic toxicity concerns, and prospective remediation. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2022; 250:104057. [PMID: 36130428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.104057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The current toxicity concerns of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) have birthed the need to regulate and, sometimes restrict its clinical administration. However, tolerable concentration levels of Gd in the water sector have not been set. Therefore, the detection and speedy increase of the anthropogenic Gd-GBCAs in the various water bodies, including those serving as the primary source of drinking water for adults and children, is perturbing. Nevertheless, the strongly canvassed risk-benefit considerations and superior uniqueness of GBCAs compared to the other ferromagnetic metals guarantees its continuous administration for Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) investigations regardless of the toxicity concerns. Unfortunately, findings have shown that both the advanced and conventional wastewater treatment processes do not satisfactorily remove GBCAs but rather risk transforming the chelated GBCAs to their free ionic metal (Gd 3+) through inadvertent degradation processes. This unintentional water processing-induced GBCA dechelation leads to the intricate pathway for unintentional human intake of Gd ion. Hence exposure to its probable ecotoxicity and several reported inimical effects on human health such as; digestive symptoms, twitching or weakness, cognitive flu, persistent skin diseases, body pains, acute renal and non-renal adverse reactions, chronic skin, and eyes changes. This work proposed an economical and manageable remediation technique for the potential remediation of Gd-GBCAs in wastewater, while a precautionary limit for Gd in public water and commercial drinks is advocated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idowu Ebenezer Oluwasola
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; School of Science and Computer Studies, Food Technology Department, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State 360231, Nigeria.
| | - Abdul Latif Ahmad
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Noor Fazliani Shoparwe
- Gold, Rare Earth, and Material Technopreneurship Centre (GREAT), Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Suzylawati Ismail
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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Sommer K, Sperling M, Karst U. Species-dependent interaction of Gd-based contrast agents with humic substances. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 300:134528. [PMID: 35427668 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, model experiments regarding species-dependent differences in the interaction of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) with humic acids as potential binding partners in the aquatic environment are conducted. For this, the Gd content of different weight fractions obtained via ultracentrifugation of incubation solutions of humic acids with a linear (gadodiamide) and a macrocyclic GBCA (gadobutrol) were analyzed via inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This enabled the fractionation of Gd-humic acid adducts and intact GBCAs, since Gd bound to macromolecules would be present in the macromolecular fraction of the filter residue while the low molecular weight Gd species can pass the filter with the filtrate. The Gd concentration in the different weight fractions was determined and a different reaction behavior for the examined GBCAs was observed. 73% of the total Gd amount was present in the macromolecular fraction of the linear GBCA compared to 0.41% in case of the macrocyclic GBCA. Speciation analysis of the macromolecular fractions by size exclusion chromatography-UV-ICP-MS confirmed that Gd-humic acid adducts were formed in case of the linear gadodiamide, but not with the macrocyclic gadobutrol. The findings of this study suggest that humic substance was able to react with the linear GBCA while the macrocyclic GBCA remained stable. Since free Gd ions are toxic, the question remains whether the humic acid bound Gd can be remobilized or if subsequent reactions with other molecules can take place. Furthermore, the persistence of macrocyclic GBCAs towards the humic substances indicates the potential accumulation of these compounds in the environment. However, more experiments regarding other binding partners and long term studies are needed to assess their ultimate fate after their release into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Sommer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Michael Sperling
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149, Münster, Germany; European Virtual Institute for Speciation Analysis (EVISA), Corrensstr. 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Werner P, Schuenke P, Krylova O, Nikolenko H, Taupitz M, Schröder L. Investigating the Role of Sulfate Groups for the Binding of Gd3+ Ions to Glycosaminoglycans with NMR Relaxometry. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202100764. [PMID: 35451227 PMCID: PMC9400987 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are highly negatively charged macromolecules with a large cation binding capacity, but their interaction potential with exogeneous Gd3+ ions is under‐investigated. These might be released from chelates used as Gadolinium‐based contrast agents (GBCAs) for clinical MR imaging due to transmetallation with endogenous cations like Zn2+. Recent studies have quantified how an endogenous GAG sequesters released Gd3+ ions and impacts the thermodynamic and kinetic stability of some GBCAs. In this study, we investigate and compare the chelation ability of two important GAGs (heparin and chondroitin sulfate), as well as the homopolysaccharides dextran and dextran sulfate that are used as models for alternative macromolecular chelators. Our combined approach of MRI‐based relaxometry and isothermal titration calorimetry shows that the chelation process of Gd3+ into GAGs is not just a long‐range electrostatic interaction as proposed for the Manning model, but presumably a site‐specific binding. Furthermore, our results highlight the crucial role of sulfate groups in this process and indicate that the potential of a specific GAG to engage in this mechanism increases with its degree of sulfation. The transchelation of Gd3+ ions from GBCAs to sulfated GAGs should thus be considered as one possible explanation for the observed long‐term deposition of Gd3+in vivo and related observations of long‐term signal enhancements on T1‐weighted MR images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Werner
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Translational Molecular Imaging, GERMANY
| | - Patrick Schuenke
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Berlin, GERMANY
| | - Oxana Krylova
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut fur Molekulare Pharmakologie, Molecular Biophysics, GERMANY
| | - Heike Nikolenko
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut fur Molekulare Pharmakologie, Molecular Biophysics, GERMANY
| | - Matthias Taupitz
- Charite University Hospital Berlin: Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Radiology, GERMANY
| | - Leif Schröder
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Translational Molecular Imaging, Im Neuenheimer Feld 223, 69120, Heidelberg, GERMANY
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7
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Advances in the Fate of Rare Earth Elements, REE, in Transitional Environments: Coasts and Estuaries. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The production of rare earth elements, REE, has significantly increased over the past years, in parallel with the latest advances in nanotechnologies and representing a new group of emerging contaminants. They find application in construction, transport, agriculture, electronics, catalysis, and biomedicine. Their extraordinary intrinsic characteristics are fundamental for overcoming current technological challenges. The accumulation of REE is consistent in near-shore waters being affected by runoff, wastewater discharge, and proximity to built-up areas. Bioavailability in water, sediments, and accumulation in marine biota as well their endocrine disruptor effect is mostly unknown. There is a significant gap of knowledge on the ecotoxicological behaviour of REE in marine areas. The existing investigations have been performed inside well-mixed estuarine systems, due to complex hydrodynamics and multiple sediment transport situations. This hampers the definition of regulatory thresholds for REE concentrations and emissions. The review summarizes the existing information on REE geochemistry and physicochemical conditions influencing dissolution, surface complexation reactions, and distribution at the continent–ocean interface, as well as their speciation, bioavailability, and detrimental effects on living organisms. Strategies for reducing REE usage and inputs are also discussed.
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Kartamihardja AAP, Ariyani W, Hanaoka H, Taketomi-Takahashi A, Koibuchi N, Tsushima Y. The Role of Ferrous Ion in the Effect of the Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents (GBCA) on the Purkinje Cells Arborization: An In Vitro Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:2310. [PMID: 34943547 PMCID: PMC8699861 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gadolinium deposition in the brain has been observed in areas rich in iron, such as the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum. We investigated the role of Fe2+ in the effect of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) on thyroid hormone-mediated Purkinje cell dendritogenesis in a cerebellar primary culture. The study comprises the control group, Fe2+ group, GBCA groups (gadopentetate group or gadobutrol group), and GBCA+Fe2+ groups. Immunocytochemistry was performed with an anti-calbindin-28K (anti-CaBP28k) antibody, and the nucleus was stained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). The number of Purkinje cells and their arborization were evaluated with an analysis of variance with a post-hoc test. The number of Purkinje cells was similar to the control groups among all treated groups. There were no significant differences in dendrite arborization between the Fe2+ group and the control groups. The dendrite arborization was augmented in the gadopentetate and the gadobutrol groups when compared to the control group (p < 0.01, respectively). Fe2+ significantly increased the effect of gadopentetate on dendrite arborization (p < 0.01) but did not increase the effect of gadobutrol. These findings suggested that the chelate thermodynamic stability and Fe2+ may play important roles in attenuating the effect of GBCAs on the thyroid hormone-mediated dendritogenesis of Purkinje cells in in vitro settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achmad Adhipatria Perayabangsa Kartamihardja
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (A.A.P.K.); (A.T.-T.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
| | - Winda Ariyani
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (W.A.); (N.K.)
| | - Hirofumi Hanaoka
- Department of Bioimaging and Information Analysis, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan;
| | - Ayako Taketomi-Takahashi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (A.A.P.K.); (A.T.-T.)
| | - Noriyuki Koibuchi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (W.A.); (N.K.)
| | - Yoshito Tsushima
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (A.A.P.K.); (A.T.-T.)
- Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma Initiative for Advanced Research, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
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9
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Macke M, Quarles CD, Sperling M, Karst U. Fast and automated monitoring of gadolinium-based contrast agents in surface waters. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 207:117836. [PMID: 34798450 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are frequently used for magnetic resonance imaging to improve image contrast. These inert complexes are excreted unmetabolized from the human body and pass through wastewater treatment plants almost unaffected, leading to a significant release of anthropogenic Gd into the environment. However, long-term ecotoxicological effects of GBCAs are mainly unknown and thus powerful methods of speciation analysis are required to monitor their distribution and fate in aquatic systems. In this work, a rapid and efficient monitoring method was developed utilizing a fully automated single platform system for total metal analysis and syringe-driven chromatography in combination with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). An anion-exchange chromatography (IC) method was developed and applied to achieve a rapid separation and sensitive detection of the five complexes Gd-HP-DO3A, Gd-BT-DO3A, Gd-DOTA, Gd-DTPA, and Gd-BOPTA that are commonly administered in the European Union. Furthermore, the use of an automated inline-dilution function allowed a fast-external calibration from single stock standards. A chromatographic run time of less than 2 min and species-specific detection limits between 11 and 19 pmol L-1 on a quadrupole ICP-MS proved to be competitive compared to previously published methods, but without the use of aerosol desolvation and/or sector field ICP-MS to enhance sensitivity. The automated IC-ICP-MS method was applied for quantitative GBCA monitoring in a multitude of surface water samples that were obtained in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The complexes Gd-HP-DO3A, Gd-BT-DO3A, and Gd-DOTA, were detected and quantified. In addition, the occurrence of an unidentified Gd species was observed for one of the sampled river systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Macke
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - C Derrick Quarles
- Elemental Scientific, Inc., 7277 World Communications Dr., Omaha, NE 68022, United States
| | - Michael Sperling
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany; European Virtual Institute for Speciation Analysis (EVISA), Germany
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Deblonde GJP, Mattocks JA, Dong Z, Wooddy PT, Cotruvo JA, Zavarin M. Capturing an elusive but critical element: Natural protein enables actinium chemistry. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabk0273. [PMID: 34669462 PMCID: PMC8528432 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Actinium-based therapies could revolutionize cancer medicine but remain tantalizing due to the difficulties in studying and limited knowledge of Ac chemistry. Current efforts focus on small synthetic chelators, limiting radioisotope complexation and purification efficiencies. Here, we demonstrate a straightforward strategy to purify medically relevant radiometals, actinium(III) and yttrium(III), and probe their chemistry, using the recently discovered protein, lanmodulin. The stoichiometry, solution behavior, and formation constant of the 228Ac3+-lanmodulin complex and its 90Y3+/natY3+/natLa3+ analogs were experimentally determined, representing the first actinium-protein and strongest actinide(III)-protein complex (sub-picomolar Kd) to be characterized. Lanmodulin’s unparalleled properties enable the facile purification recovery of radiometals, even in the presence of >10+10 equivalents of competing ions and at ultratrace levels: down to 2 femtograms 90Y3+ and 40 attograms 228Ac3+. The lanmodulin-based approach charts a new course to study elusive isotopes and develop versatile chelating platforms for medical radiometals, both for high-value separations and potential in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauthier J.-P. Deblonde
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
- Glenn T. Seaborg Institute, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
- Corresponding author. (G.J.-P.D.); (J.A.C.)
| | - Joseph A. Mattocks
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ziye Dong
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Paul T. Wooddy
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Joseph A. Cotruvo
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Corresponding author. (G.J.-P.D.); (J.A.C.)
| | - Mavrik Zavarin
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
- Glenn T. Seaborg Institute, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
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11
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Wang J, Salzillo T, Jiang Y, Mackeyev Y, David Fuller C, Chung C, Choi S, Hughes N, Ding Y, Yang J, Vedam S, Krishnan S. Stability of MRI contrast agents in high-energy radiation of a 1.5T MR-Linac. Radiother Oncol 2021; 161:55-64. [PMID: 34089753 PMCID: PMC8324543 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2021.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gadolinium-based contrast is often used when acquiring MR images for radiation therapy planning for better target delineation. In some situations, patients may still have residual MRI contrast agents in their tissue while being treated with high-energy radiation. This is especially true when MRI contrast agents are administered during adaptive treatment replanning for patients treated on MR-Linac systems. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to analyze the molecular stability of MRI contrast agents when exposed to high energy photons and the associated secondary electrons in a 1.5T MR-Linac system. This was the first step in assessing the safety of administering MRI contrast agents throughout the course of treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two common MRI contrast agents were irradiated with 7 MV photons to clinical dose levels. The irradiated samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry to detect degradation products or conformational alterations created by irradiation with high energy photons and associated secondary electrons. RESULTS No significant change in chemical composition or displacement of gadolinium ions from their chelates was discovered in samples irradiated with 7 MV photons at relevant clinical doses in a 1.5T MR-Linac. Additionally, no significant correlation between concentrations of irradiated MRI contrast agents and radiation dose was observed. CONCLUSION The chemical composition stability of the irradiated contrast agents is promising for future use throughout the course of patient treatment. However, in vivo studies are needed to confirm that unexpected metabolites are not created in biological milieus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Wang
- Department of Radiation Physics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States.
| | - Travis Salzillo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Yongying Jiang
- The Institute for Applied Cancer Science, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Yuri Mackeyev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, United States
| | - Clifton David Fuller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Caroline Chung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Seungtaek Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Neil Hughes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Yao Ding
- Department of Radiation Physics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Jinzhong Yang
- Department of Radiation Physics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Sastry Vedam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, United States
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12
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Damasco JA, Ohulchanskyy TY, Mahajan S, Chen G, Singh A, Kutscher HL, Huang H, Turowski SG, Spernyak JA, Singh AK, Lovell JF, Seshadri M, Prasad PN. Excretable, ultrasmall hexagonal NaGdF 4:Yb50% nanoparticles for bimodal imaging and radiosensitization. Cancer Nanotechnol 2021; 12:4. [PMID: 33603920 PMCID: PMC7864820 DOI: 10.1186/s12645-021-00075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, we report on the synthesis, imaging, and radiosensitizing properties of ultrasmall β-NaGdF4:Yb50% nanoparticles as a multifunctional theranostic platform. The synthesized nanoparticles act as potent bimodal contrast agents with superior imaging properties compared to existing agents used for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). Clonogenic assays demonstrated that these nanoparticles can act as effective radiosensitizers, provided that the nanoparticles are taken up intracellularly. Results Our ultrasmall β-NaGdF4:Yb50% nanoparticles demonstrate improvement in T1-weighted contrast over the standard clinical MR imaging agent Gd-DTPA and similar CT signal enhancement capabilities as commercial agent iohexol. A 2 Gy dose of X-ray induced ~ 20% decrease in colony survival when C6 rat glial cells were incubated with non-targeted nanoparticles (NaGdF4:Yb50%), whereas the same X-ray dose resulted in a ~ 60% decrease in colony survival with targeted nanoparticles conjugated to folic acid (NaGdF4:Yb50%-FA). Intravenous administration of nanoparticles resulted in clearance through urine and feces within a short duration, based on the ex vivo analysis of Gd3+ ions via ICP-MS. Conclusion These biocompatible and in vivo clearable ultrasmall NaGdF4:Yb50% are promising candidates for further evaluation in image-guided radiotherapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jossana A Damasco
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University At Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.,Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Tymish Y Ohulchanskyy
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University At Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.,College of Optoelectronic Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Supriya Mahajan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University At Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA
| | - Guanying Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University At Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 15001 People's Republic of China
| | - Ajay Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University At Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - Hilliard L Kutscher
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University At Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University At Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
| | - Haoyuan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University At Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - Steven G Turowski
- Translational Imaging Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
| | - Joseph A Spernyak
- Translational Imaging Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
| | - Anurag K Singh
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
| | - Jonathan F Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University At Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - Mukund Seshadri
- Translational Imaging Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA.,Department of Oral Oncology/Dentistry and Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
| | - Paras N Prasad
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University At Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
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13
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Bücker P, Richter H, Radbruch A, Sperling M, Brand M, Holling M, Van Marck V, Paulus W, Jeibmann A, Karst U. Deposition patterns of iatrogenic lanthanum and gadolinium in the human body depend on delivered chemical binding forms. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 63:126665. [PMID: 33152670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, gadolinium from linear GBCAs has been reported to deposit in various regions of the body. Besides gadolinium, other lanthanides are used in medical care. In the current study, we investigated deposition of lanthanum in two patients who received lanthanum carbonate as a phosphate binder due to chronic kidney injury and compared it to additionally found Gd deposition. METHODS Tissue specimens of two patients with long-term application of lanthanum carbonate as well as possible GBCA application were investigated. Spatial distribution of gadolinium and lanthanum was determined by quantitative laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) imaging of tissue sections. The deposition of gadolinium and lanthanum in different organs was compared, and the ratio of Gd concentration to La concentration (Gd-to-La-ratio) was investigated on an individual pixel base within the images. RESULTS Deposition of Gd and La was found in all investigated tissues of both patients. Gd and La exhibited high spatial correlation for all samples, with the main deposition being located in the middle coat (tunica media) of blood vessels. The Gd-to-La-ratio was similar in the tissues investigated (between 8 ± 4 (mean ± standard deviation) and 10 ± 2), except for the thyroid vasculature and surrounding tissue (90 ± 17) as well as the cerebellum (270 ± 18). Here, the ratio was significantly increased towards higher Gd concentration. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate long-term deposition of La and comparable localization of additionally found Gd in various tissues of the body. La deposition was relatively low, considering the total administered amount of lanthanum carbonate of up to 11.5 kg, indicating a low absorption and/or high excretion of lanthanum. However, the total amount of deposited La is significant and raises questions about possible adverse side effects. The ratio-approach allows for the usage of the additionally generated Gd data, without detailed knowledge about possible GBCA applications. The significantly decreased Gd-to-La-ratio in the brain might be explained by the lanthanum being released and taken up as free La3+ ion in the stomach that impedes a crossing of the blood-brain-barrier while the intravenously injected GBCAs might dechelate first when they have already crossed the blood-brain-barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bücker
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Henning Richter
- Diagnostic Imaging Research Unit (DIRU), Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Radbruch
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Clinic Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Clinic Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Sperling
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; European Virtual Institute for Speciation Analysis (EVISA), 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marcus Brand
- Department of Medicine D, University Hospital Münster, Division of General Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Rheumatology, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Holling
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Veerle Van Marck
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Werner Paulus
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Astrid Jeibmann
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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14
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Nong Q, Chen X, Hu L, Huang Y, Luan T, Liu H, Chen B. Identification and characterization of Gd-binding proteins in NIH-3T3 cells. Talanta 2020; 219:121281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Wallnöfer EA, Thurner GC, Kremser C, Talasz H, Stollenwerk MM, Helbok A, Klammsteiner N, Albrecht-Schgoer K, Dietrich H, Jaschke W, Debbage P. Albumin-based nanoparticles as contrast medium for MRI: vascular imaging, tissue and cell interactions, and pharmacokinetics of second-generation nanoparticles. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 155:19-73. [PMID: 33040183 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01919-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This multidisciplinary study examined the pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles based on albumin-DTPA-gadolinium chelates, testing the hypothesis that these nanoparticles create a stronger vessel signal than conventional gadolinium-based contrast agents and exploring if they are safe for clinical use. Nanoparticles based on human serum albumin, bearing gadolinium and designed for use in magnetic resonance imaging, were used to generate magnet resonance images (MRI) of the vascular system in rats ("blood pool imaging"). At the low nanoparticle doses used for radionuclide imaging, nanoparticle-associated metals were cleared from the blood into the liver during the first 4 h after nanoparticle application. At the higher doses required for MRI, the liver became saturated and kidney and spleen acted as additional sinks for the metals, and accounted for most processing of the nanoparticles. The multiple components of the nanoparticles were cleared independently of one another. Albumin was detected in liver, spleen, and kidneys for up to 2 days after intravenous injection. Gadolinium was retained in the liver, kidneys, and spleen in significant concentrations for much longer. Gadolinium was present as significant fractions of initial dose for longer than 2 weeks after application, and gadolinium clearance was only complete after 6 weeks. Our analysis could not account quantitatively for the full dose of gadolinium that was applied, but numerous organs were found to contain gadolinium in the collagen of their connective tissues. Multiple lines of evidence indicated intracellular processing opening the DTPA chelates and leading to gadolinium long-term storage, in particular inside lysosomes. Turnover of the stored gadolinium was found to occur in soluble form in the kidneys, the liver, and the colon for up to 3 weeks after application. Gadolinium overload poses a significant hazard due to the high toxicity of free gadolinium ions. We discuss the relevance of our findings to gadolinium-deposition diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Wallnöfer
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G C Thurner
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstrasse 59, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C Kremser
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - H Talasz
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M M Stollenwerk
- Faculty of Health and Society, Biomedical Laboratory Science, University Hospital MAS, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstrasse 59, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Helbok
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - N Klammsteiner
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstrasse 59, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K Albrecht-Schgoer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82/IV, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Cell Genetics, Department for Pharmacology and Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 1a, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - H Dietrich
- Central Laboratory Animal Facilities, Innsbruck Medical University, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 4a, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - W Jaschke
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Debbage
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstrasse 59, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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16
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Xu K, Xu N, Zhang B, Tang W, Ding Y, Hu A. Gadolinium complexes of macrocyclic diethylenetriamine-N-oxide pentaacetic acid-bisamide as highly stable MRI contrast agents with high relaxivity. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:8927-8932. [PMID: 32555806 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00248h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gadolinium(iii) complexes are generally considered efficient magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents (CAs) and widely used in clinical applications. High relaxivity and stability are two essential criteria for a Gd(iii)-complex to be used as a MRI-CA. One crucial strategy to achieve high relaxivity for small molecular Gd(iii)-based MRI contrast agents is to increase the hydration number q. Meanwhile, metal complexes with macrocyclic ligands have been proved to inherit high thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness. Herein, a series of macrocyclic ligands based on diethylenetriamine-N-oxide pentaacetic acid-bisamide were synthesized. Among them, cyclo-DTPA-NO-C6O2 (3d) was the strongest ligand for Gd(iii) as confirmed by experimental results. The hydration number of the Gd-cyclo-DTPA-NO-C6O2 (4d) complex was characterized by luminescence measurements to be 3 and the coordination structure was confirmed with computational simulations. Consequently, the relaxivity of this complex (14.3 mM-1 s-1, 1.5 T, 25 °C) is about triple that of commercial MRI CAs. The conditional stability constant of the Gd(iii) complex, pGd, calculated from spectrophotometric titration studies, was comparable to that of one of the most stable commercial MRI-CAs, Gd-DTPA (Magnevist®). Meanwhile, the kinetic inertness of the complex was even higher than that of Gd-DTPA thanks to its macrocyclic coordination structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehan Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Physicochemical and Pharmacokinetic Profiles of Gadopiclenol: A New Macrocyclic Gadolinium Chelate With High T1 Relaxivity. Invest Radiol 2020; 54:475-484. [PMID: 30973459 PMCID: PMC6661244 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to evaluate gadopiclenol, a newly developed extracellular nonspecific macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) having high relaxivity properties, which was designed to increase lesion detection and characterization by magnetic resonance imaging. Methods We described the molecular structure of gadopiclenol and measured the r1 and r2 relaxivity properties at fields of 0.47 and 1.41 T in water and human serum. Nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion profile measurements were performed from 0.24 mT to 7 T. Protonation and complexation constants were determined using pH-metric measurements, and we investigated the acid-assisted dissociation of gadopiclenol, gadodiamide, gadobutrol, and gadoterate at 37°C and pH 1.2. Applying the relaxometry technique (37°C, 0.47 T), we investigated the risk of dechelation of gadopiclenol, gadoterate, and gadodiamide in the presence of ZnCl2 (2.5 mM) and a phosphate buffer (335 mM). Pharmacokinetics studies of radiolabeled 153Gd-gadopiclenol were performed in Beagle dogs, and protein binding was measured in rats, dogs, and humans plasma and red blood cells. Results Gadopiclenol [gadolinium chelate of 2,2′,2″-(3,6,9-triaza-1(2,6)-pyridinacyclodecaphane-3,6,9-triyl)tris(5-((2,3-dihydroxypropyl)amino)-5-oxopentanoic acid); registry number 933983-75-6] is based on a pyclen macrocyclic structure. Gadopiclenol exhibited a very high relaxivity in water (r1 = 12.2 mM−1·s−1 at 1.41 T), and the r1 value in human serum at 37°C did not markedly change with increasing field (r1 = 12.8 mM−1·s−1 at 1.41 T and 11.6 mM−1·s−1 at 3 T). The relaxivity data in human serum did not indicate protein binding. The nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion profile of gadopiclenol exhibited a high and stable relaxivity in a strong magnetic field. Gadopiclenol showed high kinetic inertness under acidic conditions, with a dissociation half-life of 20 ± 3 days compared with 4 ± 0.5 days for gadoterate, 18 hours for gadobutrol, and less than 5 seconds for gadodiamide and gadopentetate. The pharmacokinetic profile in dogs was typical of extracellular nonspecific GBCAs, showing distribution in the extracellular compartment and no metabolism. No protein binding was found in rats, dogs, and humans. Conclusions Gadopiclenol is a new extracellular and macrocyclic Gd chelate that exhibited high relaxivity, no protein binding, and high kinetic inertness. Its pharmacokinetic profile in dogs was similar to that of other extracellular nonspecific GBCAs.
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Gianolio E, Gregorio ED, Aime S. Chemical Insights into the Issues of Gd Retention in the Brain and Other Tissues Upon the Administration of Gd-Containing MRI Contrast Agents. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Gianolio
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute; Centro di Imaging molecolare; Università degli Studi di Torino; Via Nizza 52 10126 Torino Italy
| | - Enza Di Gregorio
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute; Centro di Imaging molecolare; Università degli Studi di Torino; Via Nizza 52 10126 Torino Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute; Centro di Imaging molecolare; Università degli Studi di Torino; Via Nizza 52 10126 Torino Italy
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Suitable interface for coupling liquid chromatography to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry for the analysis of organic matrices. 1 Theoretical and experimental considerations on solute dispersion. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1565:68-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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20
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Robert P, Fingerhut S, Factor C, Vives V, Letien J, Sperling M, Rasschaert M, Santus R, Ballet S, Idée JM, Corot C, Karst U. One-year Retention of Gadolinium in the Brain: Comparison of Gadodiamide and Gadoterate Meglumine in a Rodent Model. Radiology 2018; 288:424-433. [PMID: 29786486 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2018172746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Robert
- From the Department of Research and Innovation, Imaging and Biological Research Division, Guerbet Group, BP57400, 95943 Roissy CDG, France (P.R., C.F., V.V., J.L., M.R., R.S., S.B., J.M.I., C.C.); and Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (S.F., M.S., U.K.)
| | - Stefanie Fingerhut
- From the Department of Research and Innovation, Imaging and Biological Research Division, Guerbet Group, BP57400, 95943 Roissy CDG, France (P.R., C.F., V.V., J.L., M.R., R.S., S.B., J.M.I., C.C.); and Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (S.F., M.S., U.K.)
| | - Cécile Factor
- From the Department of Research and Innovation, Imaging and Biological Research Division, Guerbet Group, BP57400, 95943 Roissy CDG, France (P.R., C.F., V.V., J.L., M.R., R.S., S.B., J.M.I., C.C.); and Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (S.F., M.S., U.K.)
| | - Véronique Vives
- From the Department of Research and Innovation, Imaging and Biological Research Division, Guerbet Group, BP57400, 95943 Roissy CDG, France (P.R., C.F., V.V., J.L., M.R., R.S., S.B., J.M.I., C.C.); and Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (S.F., M.S., U.K.)
| | - Justine Letien
- From the Department of Research and Innovation, Imaging and Biological Research Division, Guerbet Group, BP57400, 95943 Roissy CDG, France (P.R., C.F., V.V., J.L., M.R., R.S., S.B., J.M.I., C.C.); and Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (S.F., M.S., U.K.)
| | - Michael Sperling
- From the Department of Research and Innovation, Imaging and Biological Research Division, Guerbet Group, BP57400, 95943 Roissy CDG, France (P.R., C.F., V.V., J.L., M.R., R.S., S.B., J.M.I., C.C.); and Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (S.F., M.S., U.K.)
| | - Marlène Rasschaert
- From the Department of Research and Innovation, Imaging and Biological Research Division, Guerbet Group, BP57400, 95943 Roissy CDG, France (P.R., C.F., V.V., J.L., M.R., R.S., S.B., J.M.I., C.C.); and Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (S.F., M.S., U.K.)
| | - Robin Santus
- From the Department of Research and Innovation, Imaging and Biological Research Division, Guerbet Group, BP57400, 95943 Roissy CDG, France (P.R., C.F., V.V., J.L., M.R., R.S., S.B., J.M.I., C.C.); and Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (S.F., M.S., U.K.)
| | - Sébastien Ballet
- From the Department of Research and Innovation, Imaging and Biological Research Division, Guerbet Group, BP57400, 95943 Roissy CDG, France (P.R., C.F., V.V., J.L., M.R., R.S., S.B., J.M.I., C.C.); and Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (S.F., M.S., U.K.)
| | - Jean-Marc Idée
- From the Department of Research and Innovation, Imaging and Biological Research Division, Guerbet Group, BP57400, 95943 Roissy CDG, France (P.R., C.F., V.V., J.L., M.R., R.S., S.B., J.M.I., C.C.); and Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (S.F., M.S., U.K.)
| | - Claire Corot
- From the Department of Research and Innovation, Imaging and Biological Research Division, Guerbet Group, BP57400, 95943 Roissy CDG, France (P.R., C.F., V.V., J.L., M.R., R.S., S.B., J.M.I., C.C.); and Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (S.F., M.S., U.K.)
| | - Uwe Karst
- From the Department of Research and Innovation, Imaging and Biological Research Division, Guerbet Group, BP57400, 95943 Roissy CDG, France (P.R., C.F., V.V., J.L., M.R., R.S., S.B., J.M.I., C.C.); and Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (S.F., M.S., U.K.)
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Gadolinium-based contrast agents induce gadolinium deposits in cerebral vessel walls, while the neuropil is not affected: an autopsy study. Acta Neuropathol 2018; 136:127-138. [PMID: 29748901 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1857-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies showed gadolinium depositions following serial administrations of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) for magnetic resonance imaging examinations in various parts of the brain with the dentate nucleus (DN) being most affected. Even though no clinical correlates of the deposits are known yet, an intensive debate developed if this might be harmful. The aim of the current study was to specify the gadolinium distribution in brain tissue of patients who received serial injections of GBCAs in the low-µm range and to explore any potential pathological tissue changes caused by gadolinium deposits. Thirteen autopsy cases-eight receiving GBCA administrations, five serving as controls-were identified and analyzed. For all patients, total gadolinium quantification after acidic digestion by means of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was performed. Six cases were utilized for the spatially resolved quantification of gadolinium within the cerebellum and the basal ganglia by means of high-resolution laser ablation (LA)-ICP-MS. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed to determine tissue reactions. LA-ICP-MS revealed gadolinium depositions in the walls of small blood vessels of the DN in all GBCA exposed patients, while no gadolinium was found in the control group. Additionally, the detection of phosphorus and metals like copper, zinc and iron provides evidence that transmetalation reactions might have occurred. No significant pathological changes of the brain tissue in the vicinity of the DN with respect to micro-/astrogliosis and neuronal loss were found in any of the patients. This notably holds true even for a patient who died from nephrogenic systemic fibrosis exhibiting extremely high gadolinium concentrations within the DN. The findings show that gadolinium depositions in the brain are restricted to blood vessel walls, while the neuropil is spared and apparent cellular reactions are absent.
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Clases D, Sperling M, Karst U. Analysis of metal-based contrast agents in medicine and the environment. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Boehm-Sturm P, Haeckel A, Hauptmann R, Mueller S, Kuhl CK, Schellenberger EA. Low-Molecular-Weight Iron Chelates May Be an Alternative to Gadolinium-based Contrast Agents for T1-weighted Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging. Radiology 2018; 286:537-546. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017170116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Boehm-Sturm
- From the Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research (P.B.S., S.M.), Department of Radiology (A.H., R.H., E.A.S.), and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs (P.B.S., S.M.), Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; and Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.K.K.)
| | - Akvile Haeckel
- From the Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research (P.B.S., S.M.), Department of Radiology (A.H., R.H., E.A.S.), and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs (P.B.S., S.M.), Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; and Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.K.K.)
| | - Ralf Hauptmann
- From the Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research (P.B.S., S.M.), Department of Radiology (A.H., R.H., E.A.S.), and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs (P.B.S., S.M.), Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; and Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.K.K.)
| | - Susanne Mueller
- From the Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research (P.B.S., S.M.), Department of Radiology (A.H., R.H., E.A.S.), and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs (P.B.S., S.M.), Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; and Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.K.K.)
| | - Christiane K. Kuhl
- From the Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research (P.B.S., S.M.), Department of Radiology (A.H., R.H., E.A.S.), and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs (P.B.S., S.M.), Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; and Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.K.K.)
| | - Eyk A. Schellenberger
- From the Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research (P.B.S., S.M.), Department of Radiology (A.H., R.H., E.A.S.), and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs (P.B.S., S.M.), Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; and Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.K.K.)
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Fingerhut S, Niehoff AC, Sperling M, Jeibmann A, Paulus W, Niederstadt T, Allkemper T, Heindel W, Holling M, Karst U. Spatially resolved quantification of gadolinium deposited in the brain of a patient treated with gadolinium-based contrast agents. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 45:125-130. [PMID: 29173468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Due to its paramagnetic properties resulting from seven unpaired f-electrons, Gd is frequently applied in magnetic resonance imaging examinations. Due to the acute toxicity of free Gd3+, ligand ions based on polyaminocarboxylic acids are used to create thermodynamically stable linear or macrocyclic complexes. The highly water soluble Gd-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are known to be excreted fast and unmetabolized, mostly via the kidneys. Nevertheless, recent studies showed that Gd traces persists not only in animal but also in human brain. Aim of this study was the development and application of an analytical method for the spatially resolved quantification of gadolinium traces in human brain thin sections of a patient treated with GBCAs. For this retrospective study different human brain regions were selected to analyze the distribution of gadolinium. An additional patient served as control sample, as no GBCA was administered. Deep-frozen brain thin sections were analyzed by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and matrix-matched gelatin standards were prepared to quantify the gadolinium deposits via an external calibration. LA-ICP-MS analyses with high spatial resolution showed gadolinium deposits in different brain regions with highest concentrations above 800ngg-1 more than two years after the last application of a GBCA. An excellent limit of quantification of 7ngg-1, which is far below the limits of detection of MRI methods, could be achieved. The found concentrations confirm recent reports on gadolinium depositions in human brain, which were obtained without high spatial resolution. LA-ICP-MS provides limits of quantification, which are well suited to detect ultratrace amounts of gadolinium in human brain. Therefore, it provides valuable information on the distribution of gadolinium traces in the human brain even after single administration of GBCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Fingerhut
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Niehoff
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Sperling
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany; European Virtual Institute for Speciation Analysis (EVISA), Mendelstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Astrid Jeibmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Pottkamp 2, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Werner Paulus
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Pottkamp 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Niederstadt
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Allkemper
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Walter Heindel
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Holling
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Telgmann L, Lindner U, Lingott J, Jakubowski N. Analysis and Speciation of Lanthanoides by ICP-MS. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2016-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is based on formation of positively charged atomic ions in a high-frequency inductively coupled Argon plasma at atmospheric pressure. The ions are extracted and transferred from the plasma source into a mass analyzer operated at high vacuum via an interface equipped with a sampling and a skimmer cone. The ions are separated in the mass analyzer according to their charge to mass ratio. The ions are converted at a conversion dynode and are detected by use of a secondary electron multiplier or a Faraday cup.
From an analytical point of view, ICP-MS is a well-established method for multi-elemental analysis in particular for elements at trace- and ultra-trace levels. Furthermore, methods based on ICP-MS offer simple quantification concepts, for which usually (liquid) standards are applied, low matrix effects compared to other conventional analytical techniques, and relative limits of detection (LODs) in the low pg g−1 range and absolute LODs down to the attomol range. For these applications, ICP-MS excels by a high sensitivity which is independent of the molecular structure and a wide linear dynamic range. It has found acceptance in various application areas and during the last decade ICP-MS is also more and more applied for detection of rare earth elements particularly in the life sciences.
Due to the fact that all molecules introduced into the high temperature of the plasma in the ion source were completely dissociated and broken down into atoms, which are subsequently ionized, all elemental species information is completely lost. However, if the different species are separated before they enter the plasma by using adequate fractionation or separation techniques, then ICP-MS can be used as a very sensitive element-specific detector. We will discuss this feature of ICP-MS in this chapter in more detail at hand of the speciation of gadolinium-containing contrast agents.
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Swaminathan S. Gadolinium toxicity: Iron and ferroportin as central targets. Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 34:1373-1376. [PMID: 27580520 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Gadolinium-based magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agents (GBCM) causes a devastating systemic fibrosing illness, nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), in patients with reduced kidney function. GBCM targets iron-recycling CD163- and ferroportin-expressing macrophages to release labile iron that mediates gadolinium toxicity and NSF. GBCA might similarly target iron-rich, ferroportin-expressing structures such as globus pallidus and cerebellar dentate nucleus in the brain to result in metal accumulation and potential toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundararaman Swaminathan
- Division of Nephrology & Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regeneration, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.
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Tei L, Baranyai Z, Gaino L, Forgács A, Vágner A, Botta M. Thermodynamic stability, kinetic inertness and relaxometric properties of monoamide derivatives of lanthanide(III) DOTA complexes. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:5467-78. [PMID: 25695351 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03939d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A complete thermodynamic and kinetic solution study on lanthanide(III) complexes with monoacetamide (DOTAMA, L1) and monopropionamide (DOTAMAP, L2) derivatives of DOTA (DOTA = 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) was undertaken with the aim to elucidate their stability and inertness in aqueous media. The stability constants of GdL1 and GdL2 are comparable, whereas a more marked difference is found in the kinetic inertness of the two complexes. The formation of the Eu(III) and Ce(III) complexes takes place via the formation of the protonated intermediates which can deprotonate and transform into the final complex through a OH(-) assisted pathway. GdL2 shows faster rates of acid catalysed decomplexation with respect to GdL1, which has a kinetic inertness comparable to GdDOTA. Nevertheless, GdL2 is one order of magnitude more inert than GdDO3A. A novel DOTAMAP-based bifunctional chelating ligand and its deoxycholic acid derivative (L5) were also synthesized. Since the coordinated water molecule in GdL2 is characterized by an exchange rate ca. two orders of magnitude greater than in GdL1, the relaxivity of the macromolecular derivatives of L5 should not be limited by the slow water exchange process. The relaxometric properties of the supramolecular adduct of GdL5 with human serum albumin (HSA) were investigated in aqueous solution by measuring the magnetic field dependence of the (1)H relaxivity which, at 20 MHz and 298 K, shows a 430% increase over that of the unbound GdL5 chelate. Thus, Gd(III) complexes with DOTAMAP macrocyclic ligands can represent good candidates for the development of stable and highly effective bioconjugate systems for molecular imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Tei
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, I-15121, Alessandria, Italy.
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Bose C, Megyesi JK, Shah SV, Hiatt KM, Hall KA, Karaduta O, Swaminathan S. Evidence Suggesting a Role of Iron in a Mouse Model of Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136563. [PMID: 26305890 PMCID: PMC4549214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis is associated with gadolinium contrast exposure in patients with reduced kidney function and carries high morbidity and mortality. We have previously demonstrated that gadolinium contrast agents induce in vivo systemic iron mobilization and in vitro differentiation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells into ferroportin (iron exporter)-expressing fibrocytic cells. In the present study we examined the role of iron in a mouse model of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. Chronic kidney disease was induced in 8-week-old male Balb/C mice with a two-step 5/6 nephrectomy surgery. Five groups of mice were studied: control (n = 5), sham surgery control (n = 5), chronic kidney disease control (n = 4), chronic kidney disease injected with 0.5 mmol/kg body weight of Omniscan 3 days per week, for a total of 10 injections (n = 8), and chronic kidney disease with Omniscan plus deferiprone, 125 mg/kg, in drinking water (n = 9). Deferiprone was continued for 16 weeks until the end of the experiment. Mice with chronic kidney disease injected with Omniscan developed skin changes characteristic of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis including hair loss, reddening, ulceration, and skin tightening by 10 to 16 weeks. Histopathological sections demonstrated dermal fibrosis with increased skin thickness (0.25±0.06 mm, sham; 0.34±+0.3 mm, Omniscan-injected). Additionally, we observed an increase in tissue infiltration of ferroportin-expressing, fibrocyte-like cells accompanied by tissue iron accumulation in the skin of the Omniscan-treated mice. The deferiprone-treated group had significantly decreased skin thickness (p<0.05) and significantly decreased dermal fibrosis compared to the Omniscan-only group. In addition, iron chelation prevented tissue infiltration of ferroportin-expressing, fibrocyte-like cells. Our in vitro experiments demonstrated that exposure to Omniscan resulted in the release of catalytic iron and this was prevented by the iron chelator deferiprone. Deferiprone inhibited the differentiation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells into ferroportin-expressing cells by immunohistochemical staining and western blot analysis. Our studies support an important role of iron in the pathophysiology of gadolinium chelate toxicity and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhanda Bose
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Renal Section, Medicine Service, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Judit K. Megyesi
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Renal Section, Medicine Service, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Sudhir V. Shah
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Renal Section, Medicine Service, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kim M. Hiatt
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Dermatology, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Kimberly A. Hall
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Oleg Karaduta
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Renal Section, Medicine Service, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Sundararaman Swaminathan
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Renal Section, Medicine Service, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
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Analytical interference in serum iron determination reveals iron versus gadolinium transmetallation with linear gadolinium-based contrast agents. Invest Radiol 2015; 49:766-72. [PMID: 24943092 PMCID: PMC4222799 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Objectives The purposes of this study were to evaluate the risk for analytical interference with gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) for the colorimetric measurement of serum iron (Fe3+) and to investigate the mechanisms involved. Materials and Methods Rat serum was spiked with several concentrations of all molecular categories of GBCAs, ligands, or “free” soluble gadolinium (Gd3+). Serum iron concentration was determined by 2 different colorimetric methods at pH 4.0 (with a Vitros DT60 analyzer or a Cobas Integra 400 analyzer). Secondly, the cause of interference was investigated by (a) adding free soluble Gd3+ or Mn2+ to serum in the presence of gadobenic acid or gadodiamide and (b) electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Results Spurious decrease in serum Fe3+ concentration was observed with all linear GBCAs (only with the Vitros DT60 technique occurring at pH 4.0) but not with macrocyclic GBCAs or with free soluble Gd3+. Spurious hyposideremia was also observed with the free ligands present in the pharmaceutical solutions of the linear GBCAs gadopentetic acid and gadodiamide (ie, diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid and calcium-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid bismethylamide, respectively), suggesting the formation of Fe-ligand chelate. Gadobenic acid-induced interference was blocked in a concentration-dependent fashion by adding a free soluble Gd3+ salt. Conversely, Mn2+, which has a lower affinity than Gd3+ and Fe3+ for the ligand of gadobenic acid (ie, benzyloxypropionic diethylenetriamine tetraacetic acid), was less effective (interference was only partially blocked), suggesting an Fe3+ versus Gd3+ transmetallation phenomenon at pH 4.0. Similar results were observed with gadodiamide. Mass spectrometry detected the formation of Fe-ligand with all linear GBCAs tested in the presence of Fe3+ and the disappearance of Fe-ligand after the addition of free soluble Gd3+. No Fe-ligand chelate was found in the case of the macrocyclic GBCA gadoteric acid. Conclusions Macrocyclic GBCAs induced no interference with colorimetric methods for iron determination, whereas negative interference was observed with linear GBCAs using a Vitros DT60 analyzer. This interference of linear GBCAs seems to be caused by the excess of ligand and/or an Fe3+ versus Gd3+ transmetallation phenomenon.
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Goodfriend AC, Welch TR, Nguyen KT, Wang J, Johnson RF, Nugent A, Forbess JM. Poly(gadodiamide fumaric acid): A Bioresorbable, Radiopaque, and MRI-Visible Polymer for Biomedical Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 1:677-684. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kytai T. Nguyen
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
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Birka M, Wentker KS, Lusmöller E, Arheilger B, Wehe CA, Sperling M, Stadler R, Karst U. Diagnosis of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis by means of elemental bioimaging and speciation analysis. Anal Chem 2015; 87:3321-8. [PMID: 25708271 DOI: 10.1021/ac504488k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The combined use of elemental bioimaging and speciation analysis is presented as a novel means for the diagnosis of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), a rare disease occurring after administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in skin samples of patients suffering from renal insufficiency. As the pathogenesis of NSF is still largely unknown particularly with regard to the distribution and potential retention of gadolinium in the human organism, a skin biopsy sample from a suspected NSF patient was investigated. The combination of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), laser ablation (LA) ICP-MS for quantitative elemental bioimaging, and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) ICP-MS for speciation analysis allowed one to unambiguously diagnose the patient as a case of NSF. By means of ICP-MS, a total gadolinium concentration from 3.02 to 4.58 mg/kg was determined in the biopsy sample, indicating a considerable deposition of gadolinium in the patient's skin. LA-ICP-MS revealed a distinctly inhomogeneous distribution of gadolinium as well as concentrations of up to 400 mg/kg in individual sections of the skin biopsy. Furthermore, the correlation between the distributions of phosphorus and gadolinium suggests the presence of GdPO4 deposits in the tissue section. Speciation analysis by means of HILIC-ICP-MS showed the presence of the intact GBCA Gd-HP-DO3A eight years after the administration to the patient. The concentration of the contrast agent in the aqueous extract of the skin biopsy was found to be 1.76 nmol/L. Moreover, evidence for the presence of further highly polar gadolinium species in low concentrations was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Birka
- †University of Münster, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kristina S Wentker
- †University of Münster, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Elke Lusmöller
- §Johannes Wesling Klinikum Minden, Hautklinik, Hans-Nolte Straße 1, 32429 Minden, Germany
| | - Brigit Arheilger
- §Johannes Wesling Klinikum Minden, Hautklinik, Hans-Nolte Straße 1, 32429 Minden, Germany
| | - Christoph A Wehe
- †University of Münster, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Sperling
- †University of Münster, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany.,‡European Virtual Institute for Speciation Analysis (EVISA), Mendelstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Rudolf Stadler
- §Johannes Wesling Klinikum Minden, Hautklinik, Hans-Nolte Straße 1, 32429 Minden, Germany
| | - Uwe Karst
- †University of Münster, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Baranyai Z, Brücher E, Uggeri F, Maiocchi A, Tóth I, Andrási M, Gáspár A, Zékány L, Aime S. The Role of Equilibrium and Kinetic Properties in the Dissociation of Gd[DTPA-bis(methylamide)] (Omniscan) at near to Physiological Conditions. Chemistry 2015; 21:4789-99. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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López-Cebral R, Martín-Pastor M, Seijo B, Sanchez A. Progress in the characterization of bio-functionalized nanoparticles using NMR methods and their applications as MRI contrast agents. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 79:1-13. [PMID: 24815362 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made over the last three decades in the field of NMR, a technique which has proven to have a variety of applications in many scientific disciplines, including nanotechnology. Herein we describe how NMR enables the characterization of nanosystems at different stages of their formation and modification (raw materials, bare or functionalized nanosystems), even making it possible to study in vivo nanoparticle interactions, thereby importantly contributing to nanoparticle design and subsequent optimization. Furthermore, the unique characteristics of nanosystems can open up new prospects for site-targeted, more specific contrast agents, contributing to the development of certain nuclear magnetic resonance applications such as MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita López-Cebral
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus Sur, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Martín-Pastor
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Unit, RIADT, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus Vida, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Begoña Seijo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus Sur, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Molecular ImageGroup, IDIS, Santiago de Compostela University Hospital Complex (CHUS), A Choupana, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alejandro Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus Sur, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Molecular ImageGroup, IDIS, Santiago de Compostela University Hospital Complex (CHUS), A Choupana, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Rabiet M, Letouzet M, Hassanzadeh S, Simon S. Transmetallation of Gd-DTPA by Fe3+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ in water: batch experiments and coagulation-flocculation simulations. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 95:639-642. [PMID: 24183629 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The study investigates the stability of gadolinium-DTPA complex in presence of competing metallic ions, Fe(3+), Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) using batch experiments and coagulation-flocculation simulations. High performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection was used for simultaneous analysis of chelate gadolinium (Gd-DTPA) and free Gd(III) ion in water. It was shown that Cu(2+) has a strong affinity for DTPA and could lead to a complete release of Gd(3+). Fe(3+) appeared also to compete strongly with Gd(3+) for DTPA binding since up to 80% of Gd-complex was dissociated under iron excess condition. Finally, zinc had a lower influence on Gd speciation: only 15% of Gd(3+) was released with addition of a 5-fold excess of Zn(2+). During coagulation-flocculation simulation, Fe(3+) was able to displace about 27% of Gd-DTPA, and no adsorption was observed onto flocs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Rabiet
- Groupement de Recherche Eau Sol Environnement (GRESE), Université de Limoges, 123 avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France.
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Polasek M, Caravan P. Is macrocycle a synonym for kinetic inertness in Gd(III) Complexes? Effect of coordinating and noncoordinating substituents on inertness and relaxivity of Gd(III) chelates with DO3A-like ligands. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:4084-96. [PMID: 23517079 PMCID: PMC3640422 DOI: 10.1021/ic400227k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Gadolinium chelates with octadentate ligands are widely used as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with macrocyclic ligands based on DO3A being preferred for the high kinetic inertness of their Gd chelates. A major challenge in the design of new bifunctional MRI probes is the need to control the rotational motion of the chelate, which greatly affects its relaxivity. In this work we explored facile alkylation of a secondary amine in macrocyclic DO3A-like ligands to create a short, achiral linkage to limit the undesired internal motion of chelates within larger molecular constructs. The acetate moiety on the trans nitrogen was also replaced with either a bidentate (ethoxyacetate, L1 or methyl picolinate, L2) or bulky monodentate (methyl phosphonate, L3) donor arm to give octa- or heptadentate ligands, respectively. The resultant Gd(III) complexes were all monohydrated (q = 1) and exhibited water residency times that spanned 2 orders of magnitude (τM = 2190 ± 170, 3500 ± 90, and 12.7 ± 3.8 ns at 37 °C for GdL1, GdL2, and GdL3, respectively). Alkylation of the secondary amine with a noncoordinating biphenyl moiety resulted in coordinatively saturated q = 0 complexes of octadentate ligands L1 and L2. Relaxivities were limited by slow water exchange and/or lack of water coligand. All complexes showed decreased inertness compared to [Gd(DO3A)] despite higher ligand denticity, and inertness was further decreased upon N-alkylation. These results demonstrate that high kinetic inertness and in vivo safety of Gd chelates with macrocyclic ligands should not be generalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloslav Polasek
- The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 Thirteenth Street, Suite 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Peter Caravan
- The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 Thirteenth Street, Suite 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129
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Determination of gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents in biological and environmental samples: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 764:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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