1
|
Duan C, Li J, Zhang Y, Ding K, Geng X, Guan Y. Portable instruments for on-site analysis of environmental samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
2
|
d'Errico F, Pitarch Martí A, Wei Y, Gao X, Vanhaeren M, Doyon L. Zhoukoudian Upper Cave personal ornaments and ochre: Rediscovery and reevaluation. J Hum Evol 2021; 161:103088. [PMID: 34837740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.103088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Personal ornaments have become a key cultural proxy to investigate cognitive evolution, modern human dispersal, and population dynamics. Here, we reassess personal ornaments found at Zhoukoudian Upper Cave and compare them with those from other Late Paleolithic Northern Chinese sites. We reappraise the information provided by Pei Wen Chung on Upper Cave personal ornaments lost during World War II and analyze casts of 17 of them, along with two unpublished objects displayed at the Zhoukoudian Site Museum and three original perforated teeth rediscovered at the Zhoukoudian Site Museum. We apply archeozoological, technological and use-wear analyses to document variation in ornamental practices and their change throughout the site stratigraphy. Badger, fox, red deer, sika deer, marten, and tiger teeth as well as carp bone, bird bone, Anadara shell, limestone beads, and perforated pebble appear to have been the preferred objects used as ornaments by Upper Cave visitors. Multivariate analysis of technological data highlights a correspondence between cultural layers and perforation techniques, with radial incising being typical of layer L2 and bidirectional incising of L4. The three rediscovered badger canines display features suggesting they were sewed on clothing rather than suspended from necklaces or bracelets. Elemental scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectromety and mineralogical (μ-Raman) analyses of red residues adhering to the rediscovered teeth indicate these objects were originally coated with ochre and identify variations that match differences in technology. The two ornaments exhibited at the Zhoukoudian Site Museum are ancient teeth that were recently perforated and should be excluded from the Upper Cave assemblage. A seriation of Late Paleolithic ornaments found at Northern Chinese sites identifies a clear-cut difference in preferred ornament types between western and eastern sites, interpreted as reflecting two long-lasting traditions in garment symbolic codes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco d'Errico
- CNRS UMR5199 PACEA, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, CEDEX, France; SFF Centre for Early Sapiens Behaviour (SapienCE), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Africa Pitarch Martí
- CNRS UMR5199 PACEA, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, CEDEX, France; Departament d'Arts I Conservació-Restauració, Facultat de Belles Arts, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yi Wei
- Centre for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment (CAS), Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Scientific Research, Beijing Museum of Natural History, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Gao
- Centre for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment (CAS), Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Marian Vanhaeren
- CNRS UMR5199 PACEA, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, CEDEX, France
| | - Luc Doyon
- CNRS UMR5199 PACEA, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, CEDEX, France; Institute of Cultural Heritage, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Critical evaluation of portable Raman spectrometers: From rock outcrops and planetary analogs to cultural heritage – A review. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1209:339027. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
5
|
Zhao X, Wang L, Guo L, Ma Y, Wang Z, Niu Q, Zheng L. Synthesis and thermal decomposition kinetics of moisture curable polyurethane films as a reinforcing material for cultural relics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21724. [PMID: 33303879 PMCID: PMC7729392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78705-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In situ consolidation is the most common treatment to conserve cultural relics, but materials for preserving fragile organic cultural relics in humid archaeological excavation sites are scarce. To solve the problem, a moisture-curable polyurethane (MCPU) prepolymer was synthesized by reacting isophorone diisocyanate with polyethylene glycol 600. The standard acetone–dibutylamine method, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel chromatography and thermogravimetric analysis were utilized to determine the change in isocyanate groups before and after the reaction, the prepolymer molecular weight, the thermal decomposition kinetic parameters and the MCPU film lifetime. The results showed that the number-average molecular weight of the prepolymer was 749, and the weight average molecular weight was 1684. Isophorone groups in the prepolymer react with moisture in the air to form colorless, transparent, flexible films. The thermal decomposition of the MCPU films was a first-order reaction, and the decomposition process consisted of two stages. The Dakin equation was used to obtain the thermal aging equation lg t = 4600.82/T − 8.07, meaning that at 15 °C, the sample has an approximately 150-year lifetime. A new conservation material was developed, and its thermal decomposition kinetics were studied, which are significant for the conservation of fragile organic cultural relics in humid environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.,School of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China. .,School of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanni Ma
- School of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziming Wang
- School of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Niu
- Xi'an Cultural Heritage Promotion Center, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Zheng
- School of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.,School of History and Society, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Raman Spectroscopy of cultural heritage Materials: Overview of Applications and New Frontiers in Instrumentation, Sampling Modalities, and Data Processing. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:62. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
7
|
Vandenabeele P, Donais MK. Mobile Spectroscopic Instrumentation in Archaeometry Research. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 70:27-41. [PMID: 26767631 DOI: 10.1177/0003702815611063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mobile instrumentation is of growing importance to archaeometry research. Equipment is utilized in the field or at museums, thus avoiding transportation or risk of damage to valuable artifacts. Many spectroscopic techniques are nondestructive and micro-destructive in nature, which preserves the cultural heritage objects themselves. This review includes over 160 references pertaining to the use of mobile spectroscopy for archaeometry. Following a discussion of terminology related to mobile instrumental methods, results of a literature survey on their applications for cultural heritage objects is presented. Sections devoted to specific techniques are then provided: Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, and less frequently used techniques. The review closes with a discussion of combined instrumental approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Kate Donais
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Anselm College, Manchester, NH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dallongeville S, Garnier N, Rolando C, Tokarski C. Proteins in Art, Archaeology, and Paleontology: From Detection to Identification. Chem Rev 2015; 116:2-79. [PMID: 26709533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Dallongeville
- Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse, l'Analyse & la Protéomique (MSAP), USR CNRS 3290, Université de Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies , 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Garnier
- SARL Laboratoire Nicolas Garnier , 63270 Vic le Comte, France
| | - Christian Rolando
- Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse, l'Analyse & la Protéomique (MSAP), USR CNRS 3290, Université de Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies , 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Caroline Tokarski
- Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse, l'Analyse & la Protéomique (MSAP), USR CNRS 3290, Université de Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies , 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|