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Román-Hidalgo C, Martín-Valero MJ, López-Pérez G, Villar-Navarro M. Green Method for the Selective Electromembrane Extraction of Parabens and Fluoroquinolones in the Presence of NSAIDs by Using Biopolymeric Chitosan Films. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:326. [PMID: 36984713 PMCID: PMC10059583 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A chitosan biopolymeric membrane was successfully used as a support in a green electromembrane extraction procedure for the simultaneous and selective extraction of seven parabens and three fluoroquinolones in the presence of three non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The optimal experimental conditions (10 mL donor phase and 50 μL acceptor phase, pH 10 in both phases; 80 V of applied voltage during 15 min of extraction time) were determined, providing high enrichment factors for six of the studied parabens (EF ≥ 90) and the three fluoroquinolones (EF ≥ 50). Wide linear concentration ranges (0.5-500 μg L-1), good linearity (>97%), low limits of detection (0.2-1.1 μg L-1), and good repeatability (relative standard deviation values 4-10%) were achieved. The proposed method was successfully applied for the extraction of the target analytes from different kinds of water samples (river, lake, and swimming pool). The usage of a chitosan membrane in the extraction process presents many advantages, as it is a biodegradable and versatile support, offering a good alternative to commercial plastic materials commonly used in this methodology and these procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Román-Hidalgo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Prof. García González, s/n. 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - María Jesús Martín-Valero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Prof. García González, s/n. 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Germán López-Pérez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Prof. García González, s/n. 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Mercedes Villar-Navarro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Prof. García González, s/n. 41012 Seville, Spain
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2
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Yıldırım S, Cocovi-Solberg DJ, Uslu B, Solich P, Horstkotte B. Lab-In-Syringe automation of deep eutectic solvent-based direct immersion single drop microextraction coupled online to high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of fluoroquinolones. Talanta 2022; 246:123476. [PMID: 35461115 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Lab-In-Syringe direct immersion single drop microextraction is proposed as an automated sample pretreatment methodology and coupled online to HPLC with fluorescence detection for the determination of fluoroquinolones in environmental waters. For the first time, a drop of a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES), synthesized from hexanoic acid and thymol, has been used as an extractant in automated single-drop microextraction. The extraction procedure was carried out within the 5 mL void of an automatic syringe pump. A 9-position head valve served the aspiration of all required solutions, air, waste disposal, and hyphenation with the HPLC instrument. Sample mixing during extraction was done by a magnetic stirring bar placed inside the syringe. Only 60 μL of NADES were required omitting toxic classical solvents and improving the greenness of the proposed methodology. By direct injection, linear working ranges between 0.1 and 5 μg L-1 were achieved for all fluoroquinolones. The limit of quantification values and enrichment factors ranged from 20 ng L-1 to 30 ng L-1 and 35 to 45, respectively. Accuracies obtained from the analysis of spiked surface water and wastewater treatment plant effluent analysis at two concentration levels (0.5 and 4 μg L-1) ranged from 84.6% to 119.7%, with RSD values typically <3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sercan Yıldırım
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Farabi Street, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey; Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - David J Cocovi-Solberg
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bengi Uslu
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Yenimahalle, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Petr Solich
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Burkhard Horstkotte
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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3
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Eie LV, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Hansen FA. Electromembrane extraction of polar substances - Status and perspectives. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 207:114407. [PMID: 34634529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this article, the scientific literature on electromembrane extraction (EME) of polar substances (log P < 2) is reviewed. EME is an extraction technique based on electrokinetic migration of analyte ions from an aqueous sample, across an organic supported liquid membrane (SLM), and into an aqueous acceptor solution. Because extraction is based on voltage-assisted partitioning, EME is fundamentally suitable for extraction of polar and ionizable substances that are challenging in many other extraction techniques. The article provides an exhaustive overview of papers on EME of polar substances. From this, different strategies to improve the mass transfer of polar substances are reviewed and critically discussed. These strategies include different SLM chemistries, modification of supporting membranes, sorbent additives, aqueous solution chemistry, and voltage/current related strategies. Finally, the future applicability of EME for polar substances is discussed. We expect EME in the coming years to be developed towards both very selective targeted analysis, as well as untargeted analysis of polar substances in biomedical applications such as metabolomics and peptidomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Vårdal Eie
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik André Hansen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
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Chitosan biofilms: Insights for the selective electromembrane extraction of fluoroquinolones from biological samples. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1179:338832. [PMID: 34535259 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A selective electromembrane extraction procedure for the extraction of Enrofloxacin, Marbofloxacin and Flumequine, usually employed as antibiotic in veterinarian use, is proposed by using a chitosan biofilm, composed by 60% (w/w) chitosan and 40% (w/w) Aliquat®336, as active biopolymeric support. The interaction mechanism occurring between the target drugs and the biopolymer has been deeply studied using the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules. The obtained results show the interaction between the extracted fluoroquinolones and the biomembrane is stabilized by two hydrogen bonds formed between both the carboxyl and keto groups of the drugs with both the amine and hydroxyl groups of glucosamine in the biopolymer. The energetic results agree with the high extraction efficiency obtained for Marbofloxacin, Enrofloxacin and Flumequine in terms of enrichment factors (83, 82 and 58, respectively) in presence of other fluoroquinolones. Under optimum conditions, the proposed electromembrane extraction method exhibits wide linear ranges of 4.2-200 μg L-1, 5.6-200 μg L-1 and 5.1-200 μg L-1, respectively; low limits of detection close to 1.3 μg L-1 and appropriate repeatability (relative standard deviation values 4-7%).
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Dias RA, Sousa ER, Silva GS, Silva LK, Freitas AS, Lima DL, Sousa ÉM. Ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of enrofloxacin in surface waters. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Trends and perspectives in per-and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) determination: Faster and broader. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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7
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Abstract
![]()
In
this paper, we report the first example of employing a sacrificial
electrode in the acceptor solution during electromembrane extraction
(EME). The electrode was based on a silver wire with a layer of silver
chloride electroplated onto the surface. During EME, the electrode
effectively inhibited electrolysis of water in the acceptor compartment,
by accepting the charge transfer across the SLM, which enabled the
application of 500 μA current without suffering gas formation
or pH changes from electrolysis of water. The electroplating strategy
was optimized with a design-of-experiments (DOE) methodology that
provided optimal conditions of electroplating. With an optimized electrode,
1 cm of the electrode in contact with the acceptor solution inhibited
electrolysis of water for approximately 30 min at 500 μA current
(redox capacity). Further, the redox capacity of the electrode was
found to increase through multiple uses. The advantage of the electrode
was demonstrated by extracting polar analytes at high-current conditions
in a standard EME system comprising 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE)
as SLM and 10 mM HCl as sample/acceptor solutions. Application of
high current enabled significantly higher recoveries than could otherwise
be obtained at 100 μA. Sacrificial electrodes were also tested
in μ-EME and were found beneficial by eliminating detrimental
bubble formation. Thus, the sacrificial electrodes improved the stability
of μ-EME systems. The findings of this paper are important for
development of stable and robust systems for EME operated at high
voltage/current and for EME performed in narrow channels/tubing where
bubble formation is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik A Hansen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Henrik Jensen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Electromembrane extraction with solvent modification of the acceptor solution: improved mass transfer of drugs of abuse from human plasma. Bioanalysis 2019; 11:755-771. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Electromembrane extraction (EME) of 37 drugs of abuse with significant differences in terms of polarity (0.68 < log P < 4.3) and basicity (1.17 < pKa < 10.38) was investigated from human plasma. Materials & methods: EME was performed with 250 mM trifluoroacetic acid and DMSO (1:1 v/v) in the acceptor solution. Results & conclusion: The analytes were extracted efficiently with pure 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether as supported liquid membrane when the acceptor solution was modified with DMSO. Thus, using DMSO mixed with 250 mM trifluoroacetic acid (1:1, v/v) as acceptor solution, recoveries from 40 to 105% (relative standard deviation <20%) were obtained for 33 of the analytes under optimized conditions. EME followed by ultra-HPLC–MS/MS analysis was evaluated from human plasma, and the results were satisfactory.
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Pang J, Liao Y, Huang X, Ye Z, Yuan D. Metal-organic framework-monolith composite-based in-tube solid phase microextraction on-line coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection for the highly sensitive monitoring of fluoroquinolones in water and food samples. Talanta 2019; 199:499-506. [PMID: 30952290 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a new metal-organic framework-monolith composite for in-tube solid phase microextraction phase (IT-SPME) of fluoroquinolones (FQs) was prepared. 4-Vinylbenzoic acid was copolymerized with ethylenedimethacrylate in a fused silica capillary to form porous monolith. After that, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-8) were synthesized in situ within the pores and the surface of the monolith by controlled layer-by-layer self-assembly of Zn2+ and imidazole. The introduction of ZIF-8 enhanced the surface area of monolith composite, and thus, improving the extraction performance of IT-SPME for FQs obviously. Under the optimized conditions, a highly sensitive method for the monitoring of FQs residue in water and honey samples was developed by the on-line combination of IT-SPME with high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). The limits of detection (S/N = 3) for the targeted FQs in water and honey samples were as low as 0.14-0.61 ng/L and 0.39-1.1 ng/L, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) for intra-day and inter-day assay variability were less than 10% in all samples. The established on-line IT-SPME-HPLC-FLD was successfully used to detect ultra-trace FQs in environmental water and honey samples. Recoveries at different spiked concentrations ranged from 80.1% to 119% and 80.2-117% for water and honey samples, respectively, with satisfactory reproducibility. Compared to up-to-date reported methods, the proposed approach exhibits some features such as high sensitivity, convenience, partial automation, low consumptions of sample and solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, China
| | - Yingmin Liao
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tan Kah Kee College, Zhangzhou 363105, China
| | - Xiaojia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, China.
| | - Ziwen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, China
| | - Dongxing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, China
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10
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Santigosa E, Maspoch S, Ramos Payán M. Liquid phase microextraction integrated into a microchip device for the extraction of fluoroquinolones from urine samples. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Hosseiny Davarani SS, Pourahadi A, Ghasemzadeh P. Quantification of controlled release leuprolide and triptorelin in rabbit plasma using electromembrane extraction coupled with HPLC–UV. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:1074-1081. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Pourahadi
- Faculty of ChemistryShahid Beheshti University Evin Tehran Iran
| | - Peivand Ghasemzadeh
- Faculty of PharmacyTehran Medical SciencesIslamic Azad University Tehran Iran
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12
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Ramos Payán M, Santigosa E, Fernández Torres R, Bello López MÁ. A New Microchip Design. A Versatile Combination of Electromembrane Extraction and Liquid-Phase Microextraction in a Single Chip Device. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10417-10424. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Ramos Payán
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Elia Santigosa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rut Fernández Torres
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Bello López
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain
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13
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Isocratic Resolution of Fluoroquinolone-Based Antibiotics on the Phenylethyl-Bonded Phase under Nonaqueous Elution: A Consideration of the Separation Mechanism. Int J Anal Chem 2018; 2018:1375215. [PMID: 29955229 PMCID: PMC6000864 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1375215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the isocratic resolution of 10 fluoroquinolone-based antibiotics and their precursors on the phenylethyl-bonded phase under the elution of the nonaqueous mobile phase composed of acetonitrile, methanol, acetic acid, and triethylamine. Most of the analytes were baseline resolved within 10 minutes. The interaction simulation and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) data indicated that the carbonyl-containing group, a secondary or tertiary amine of an analyte, was heavily involved in the retention, resulting in retention with residual silanol groups on the stationary phase. In some cases, the elution reversal or resolution enhancement of analytes was observed when the volume of acidic or basic additive in the mobile phase was dominant. However, the π-π complexation interaction between the fluorine-attached phenyl group of the analyte and the phenylethyl moiety on the stationary phase was not observed. Consequently, the resolution could not be reproduced either on the other stationary phase modified with C18, phenyl, or phenylhexyl moiety under the same chromatographic conditions or under the aqueous elution.
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14
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Khajeh M, Dahmardeh M, Bohlooli M, Khatibi A, Ghaffari-Moghaddam M. Determination of gold in water samples using electromembrane extraction. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2016.1219668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Khajeh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | | | | | - Ali Khatibi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Zhang J, Liu D, Shi Y, Sun C, Niu M, Wang R, Hu F, Xiao D, He H. Determination of quinolones in wastewater by porous β-cyclodextrin polymer based solid-phase extraction coupled with HPLC. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1068-1069:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Mohamad Hanapi NS, Sanagi MM, Ismail AK, Saim N, Wan Ibrahim WN, Wan Ibrahim WA, Mohd Marsin F. Rapid Determination of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Aquatic Matrices by Two-phase Micro-electrodriven Membrane Extraction Combined with Liquid Chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2017; 56:166-176. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmx092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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18
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Rapid ionic liquid-supported nano-hybrid composite reinforced hollow-fiber electromembrane extraction followed by field-amplified sample injection-capillary electrophoresis: An effective approach for extraction and quantification of Imatinib mesylate in human plasma. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1516:21-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Nojavan S, Sirani M, Asadi S. Investigation of the continuous flow of the sample solution on the performance of electromembrane extraction: Comparison with conventional procedure. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:3889-3897. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Nojavan
- Department of analytical chemistry and pollutants; Shahid Beheshti University; Tehran Iran
| | - Mahsa Sirani
- Department of analytical chemistry and pollutants; Shahid Beheshti University; Tehran Iran
| | - Sakine Asadi
- Department of analytical chemistry and pollutants; Shahid Beheshti University; Tehran Iran
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20
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Efficient discrimination and removal of phospholipids during electromembrane extraction from human plasma samples. Bioanalysis 2017; 9:631-641. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2017-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: For the first time, extracts obtained from human plasma samples by electromembrane extraction (EME) were investigated comprehensively with particular respect to phospholipids using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS). Thhe purpose was to investigate the potential of EME for phospholipid cleanup in different EME systems. Results & discussion: No traces of phospholipids were detected in any of the acceptor solutions, whereas the model analytes were extracted with recoveries up to 50%. Thus, the EME systems tested in this work were found to be highly efficient for providing phospholipid-free extracts. Conclusion: Ultra-HPLC–MS/MS analysis of the donor solutions revealed that the phospholipids principally remained in the plasma samples. This proved that the phospholipids did not migrate in the electrical field and they were prevented from penetrating the supported liquid membrane.
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Mirparizi E, Rajabi M, Bazregar M, Asghari A. Centrifugeless dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on salting-out phenomenon as an efficient method for determination of phenolic compounds in environmental samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:3007-3016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Oedit A, Ramautar R, Hankemeier T, Lindenburg PW. Electroextraction and electromembrane extraction: Advances in hyphenation to analytical techniques. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1170-86. [PMID: 26864699 PMCID: PMC5071742 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Electroextraction (EE) and electromembrane extraction (EME) are sample preparation techniques that both require an electric field that is applied over a liquid-liquid system, which enables the migration of charged analytes. Furthermore, both techniques are often used to pre-concentrate analytes prior to analysis. In this review an overview is provided of the body of literature spanning April 2012-November 2015 concerning EE and EME, focused on hyphenation to analytical techniques. First, the theoretical aspects of concentration enhancement in EE and EME are discussed to explain extraction recovery and enrichment factor. Next, overviews are provided of the techniques based on their hyphenation to LC, GC, CE, and direct detection. These overviews cover the compounds and matrices, experimental aspects (i.e. donor volume, acceptor volume, extraction time, extraction voltage, and separation time) and the analytical aspects (i.e. limit of detection, enrichment factor, and extraction recovery). Techniques that were either hyphenated online to analytical techniques or show high potential with respect to online hyphenation are highlighted. Finally, the potential future directions of EE and EME are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Oedit
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rawi Ramautar
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Petrus W Lindenburg
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
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23
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Electromembrane extraction for the determination of parabens in water samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:1615-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9269-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Huang C, Gjelstad A, Seip KF, Jensen H, Pedersen-Bjergaard S. Exhaustive and stable electromembrane extraction of acidic drugs from human plasma. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1425:81-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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HosseinyDavarani SS, Moazami HR, Memarian E, Nojavan S. Electromembrane extraction through a virtually rotating supported liquid membrane. Electrophoresis 2015; 37:339-46. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elham Memarian
- Faculty of Chemistry; Shahid Beheshti University; Tehran Iran
| | - Saeed Nojavan
- Faculty of Chemistry; Shahid Beheshti University; Tehran Iran
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26
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Huang C, Jensen H, Seip KF, Gjelstad A, Pedersen-Bjergaard S. Mass transfer in electromembrane extraction-The link between theory and experiments. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:188-97. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuixiu Huang
- School of Pharmacy; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
- G&T Septech AS; Ytre Enebakk Norway
| | - Henrik Jensen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | | | | | - Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard
- School of Pharmacy; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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27
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Huang C, Seip KF, Gjelstad A, Pedersen-Bjergaard S. Electromembrane extraction for pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis – Quo vadis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 113:97-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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28
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Huang C, Seip KF, Gjelstad A, Shen X, Pedersen-Bjergaard S. Combination of Electromembrane Extraction and Liquid-Phase Microextraction in a Single Step: Simultaneous Group Separation of Acidic and Basic Drugs. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6951-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuixiu Huang
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
- G&T Septech AS, PO Box 33, 1917 Ytre Enebakk, Norway
| | - Knut Fredrik Seip
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Astrid Gjelstad
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Xiantao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road #13, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
- G&T Septech AS, PO Box 33, 1917 Ytre Enebakk, Norway
| | - Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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29
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Highly sensitive fluorescence biosensors for sparfloxacin detection at nanogram level based on electron transfer mechanism of cadmium telluride quantum dots. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 37:1057-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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30
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Song XY, Chen J, Shi YP. Electromembrane extraction based on carbon nanotubes reinforced hollow fiber for the determination of plant hormones. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01683e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Under electric field force, negatively charged analytes experienced direct and CNTs-assisted mass transfer from the sample solution to the acceptor phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of the CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of the CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ping Shi
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of the CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- People's Republic of China
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31
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Li D, Jia S, Fodjo EK, Xu H, Kong C, Wang Y. Highly sensitive “turn-on” fluorescence probe for the detection of sparfloxacin in human serum using silica-functionalized CdTe quantum dots. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21587k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydrophilic carboxyl-capped CdTe@SiO2 quantum dots (SQDs) can served as a “turn-on” photoluminescence (PL) probe for highly sensitive and selective detection of sparfloxacin in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai 201418
- P. R. China
| | - Shaojie Jia
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai 201418
- P. R. China
| | - Essy Kouadio Fodjo
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry
- University Felix Houphouet Boigny
- 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22
- Cote d’Ivoire
| | - Hu Xu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai 201418
- P. R. China
| | - Cong Kong
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
- China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai 201418
- P. R. China
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32
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Exhaustive extraction of peptides by electromembrane extraction. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 853:328-334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Yan Y, Chen X, Hu S, Bai X. Applications of liquid-phase microextraction techniques in natural product analysis: A review. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1368:1-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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34
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See HH, Hauser PC. Automated Electric-Field-Driven Membrane Extraction System Coupled to Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8665-70. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5015589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Heng See
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 51, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Ibnu
Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Peter C. Hauser
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 51, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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35
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Gjelstad A, Pedersen-Bjergaard S. Electromembrane extraction--three-phase electrophoresis for future preparative applications. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2421-8. [PMID: 24810105 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to discuss the principle and the future potential for electromembrane extraction (EME). EME was presented in 2006 as a totally new sample preparation technique for ionized target analytes, based on electrokinetic migration across a supported liquid membrane under the influence of an external electrical field. The principle of EME is presented, and typical performance data for EME are discussed. Most work with EME up to date has been performed with low-molecular weight pharmaceutical substances as model analytes, but the principles of EME should be developed in other directions in the future to fully explore the potential. Recent research in new directions is critically reviewed, with focus on extraction of different types of chemical and biochemical substances, new separation possibilities, new approaches, and challenges related to mass transfer and background current. The intention of this critical review is to give a flavor of EME and to stimulate into more research in the area of EME. Unlike other review articles, the current one is less comprehensive, but put more emphasis on new directions for EME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Gjelstad
- School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
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36
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Salt effects in electromembrane extraction. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1347:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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37
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Huang C, Eibak LEE, Gjelstad A, Shen X, Trones R, Jensen H, Pedersen-Bjergaard S. Development of a flat membrane based device for electromembrane extraction: A new approach for exhaustive extraction of basic drugs from human plasma. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1326:7-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Stability and efficiency of supported liquid membranes in electromembrane extraction—a link to solvent properties. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:2151-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7418-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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