1
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Mondelo-Martell M, Basilewitsch D, Braun H, Koch CP, Reich DM. Increasing ion yield circular dichroism in femtosecond photoionisation using optimal control theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:9286-9297. [PMID: 35411352 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05239j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigate how optimal control theory can be used to improve Circular Dichroism (CD) signals for the A-band of fenchone measured via the photoionization yield upon further excitation. These transitions are electric dipole forbidden to first order, which translates into low population transfer to the excited state but allows for a clearer interplay between electric and magnetic transition dipole moments, which are of the same order of magnitude. Using a model including the electronic ground and excited A state as well as all permanent and transition multipole moments up to the electric quadrupole, we find that the absolute CD signal of randomly oriented molecules can be increased by a factor of 2.5 when using shaped laser pulses, with the anisotropy parameter g increasing from 0.06 to 1. We find that this effect is caused by the interference between the excitation pathways prompted by the different multipole moments of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Mondelo-Martell
- Dahlem Center of Complex Quantum Systems & Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Daniel Basilewitsch
- Dahlem Center of Complex Quantum Systems & Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Hendrike Braun
- Institute of Physics, Universität Kassel, Kassel, Germany.
| | - Christiane P Koch
- Dahlem Center of Complex Quantum Systems & Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Daniel M Reich
- Dahlem Center of Complex Quantum Systems & Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Ranecky ST, Park GB, Samartzis PC, Giannakidis IC, Schwarzer D, Senftleben A, Baumert T, Schäfer T. Detecting chirality in mixtures using nanosecond photoelectron circular dichroism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:2758-2761. [PMID: 35044414 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05468f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report chirality detection of structural isomers in a gas phase mixture using nanosecond photoelectron circular dichroism (PECD). Combining pulsed molecular beams with high-resolution resonance enhanced multi-photon ionization (REMPI) allows specific isolated transitions belonging to distinct components in the mixture to be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon T Ranecky
- Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, Kassel 34132, Germany
| | - G Barratt Park
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, Göttingen 37077, Germany. .,Max Planck Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Box 41061, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA
| | - Peter C Samartzis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Lasers, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), P. O. Box 1527, Heraklion 71110, Greece
| | - Ioannis C Giannakidis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Lasers, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), P. O. Box 1527, Heraklion 71110, Greece.,Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Dirk Schwarzer
- Max Planck Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Arne Senftleben
- Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, Kassel 34132, Germany
| | - Thomas Baumert
- Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, Kassel 34132, Germany
| | - Tim Schäfer
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, Göttingen 37077, Germany. .,Max Planck Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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3
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Ring T, Witte C, Vasudevan S, Das S, Ranecky ST, Lee H, Ladda N, Senftleben A, Braun H, Baumert T. Self-referencing circular dichroism ion yield measurements for improved statistics using femtosecond laser pulses. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:033001. [PMID: 33820110 DOI: 10.1063/5.0036344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The combination of circular dichroism with laser mass spectrometry via the measurement of ion yields is a powerful tool in chiral recognition, but the measured anisotropies are generally weak. The method presented in this contribution reduces the measurement error significantly. A common path optical setup generates a pair of counter-rotating laser foci in the interaction region of a time-of-flight spectrometer. As the space focus condition is fulfilled for both foci individually, this becomes a twin-peak ion source with well separated and sufficiently resolved mass peaks. The individual control of polarization allows for in situ correction of experimental fluctuations measuring circular dichroism. Our robust optical setup produces reliable and reproducible results and is applicable for dispersion sensitive femtosecond laser pulses. In this contribution, we use 3-methyl-cyclopentanone as a prototype molecule to illustrate the evaluation procedure and the measurement principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ring
- Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - C Witte
- Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - S Vasudevan
- Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - S Das
- Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - S T Ranecky
- Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - H Lee
- Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - N Ladda
- Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - A Senftleben
- Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - H Braun
- Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - T Baumert
- Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
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4
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Lekosiotis A, Belli F, Brahms C, Travers JC. Generation of broadband circularly polarized deep-ultraviolet pulses in hollow capillary fibers. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:5648-5651. [PMID: 33057249 DOI: 10.1364/ol.400362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an efficient scheme for the generation of broadband, high-energy, circularly polarized femtosecond laser pulses in the deep ultraviolet through seeded degenerate four-wave mixing in stretched gas-filled hollow capillary fibers. Pumping and seeding with circularly polarized 35 fs pulses centered at 400 nm and 800 nm, respectively, we generate idler pulses centered at 266 nm with 27 µJ of energy and over 95% spectrally averaged ellipticity. Even higher idler energies and broad spectra (27 nm bandwidth) can be obtained at the cost of reduced ellipticity. Our system can be scaled in average power and used in different spectral regions, including the vacuum ultraviolet.
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5
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Bégin JL, Alsaawy M, Bhardwaj R. Chiral discrimination by recollision enhanced femtosecond laser mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14074. [PMID: 32826912 PMCID: PMC7442795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral molecules and their interactions are critical in a variety of chemical and biological processes. Circular dichroism (CD) is the most widely used optical technique to study chirality, often performed in a solution phase. However, CD has low-efficiency on the order of 0.01-1[Formula: see text]. Therefore, there is a growing need to develop high-efficiency chiroptical techniques, especially in gas-phase, to gain background-free in-depth insight into chiral interactions. By using mass spectrometry and strong-field ionization of limonene with elliptically polarized light, we demonstrate an efficient chiral discrimination method that produces a chiral signal of one to two orders of magnitude higher than the conventional CD. The chiral response exhibits a strong dependence on wavelength in the range of 1,300-2,400 nm, where the relative abundance of the ion yields alternates between the two enantiomers. The origin of enhanced enantio-sensitivity in intense laser fields is attributed to two mechanisms that rely on the recollision dynamics in a chiral system: (1) the excited ionic state dynamics mediated either by the laser field or by the recollision process, and (2) non-dipole effects that alter the electron's trajectories. Our results can serve as a benchmark for testing and developing theoretical tools involving non-dipole effects in strong-field ionization of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Bégin
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Maye Alsaawy
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Ravi Bhardwaj
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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6
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Comby A, Bond CMM, Bloch E, Descamps D, Fabre B, Petit S, Mairesse Y, Greenwood JB, Blanchet V. Using photoelectron elliptical dichroism (PEELD) to determine real-time variation of enantiomeric excess. Chirality 2020; 32:1225-1233. [PMID: 32700433 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the photoionization of chiral molecules by an elliptically polarized, high repetition rate, femtosecond laser is probed. The resulting 3D photoelectron angular distribution shows a strong forward-backward asymmetry, which is highly dependent not only on the molecular structure but also on the ellipticity of the laser pulse. By continuously varying the laser ellipticity, we can observe molecular and enantiomer changes in real time at a previously unseen speed and precision. The technique allows enantiomeric excess of a pure compound to be measured with a 5% precision within 3 s, and a 10-min acquisition yields a precision of 0.4%. The isomers camphor and fenchone can be easily distinguished, unlike with conventional mass spectrometry. Preliminary results for the pharmaceutically interesting ibuprofen are also given, showing the capability of photoionization as a means of distinguishing larger molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Comby
- CELIA-CNRS-CEA, Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | | | - Etienne Bloch
- CELIA-CNRS-CEA, Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | | | | | | | - Yann Mairesse
- CELIA-CNRS-CEA, Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
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7
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Kastner A, Koumarianou G, Glodic P, Samartzis PC, Ladda N, Ranecky ST, Ring T, Vasudevan S, Witte C, Braun H, Lee HG, Senftleben A, Berger R, Park GB, Schäfer T, Baumert T. High-resolution resonance-enhanced multiphoton photoelectron circular dichroism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:7404-7411. [PMID: 32215414 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00470g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoelectron circular dichroism (PECD) is a highly sensitive enantiospecific spectroscopy for studying chiral molecules in the gas phase using either single-photon ionization or multiphoton ionization. In the short pulse limit investigated with femtosecond lasers, resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) is rather instantaneous and typically occurs simultaneously via more than one vibrational or electronic intermediate state due to limited frequency resolution. In contrast, vibrational resolution in the REMPI spectrum can be achieved using nanosecond lasers. In this work, we follow the high-resolution approach using a tunable narrow-band nanosecond laser to measure REMPI-PECD through distinct vibrational levels in the intermediate 3s and 3p Rydberg states of fenchone. We observe the PECD to be essentially independent of the vibrational level. This behaviour of the chiral sensitivity may pave the way for enantiomer specific molecular identification in multi-component mixtures: one can specifically excite a sharp, vibrationally resolved transition of a distinct molecule to distinguish different chiral species in mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Greta Koumarianou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Lasers, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), P. O. Box 1527, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Pavle Glodic
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Lasers, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), P. O. Box 1527, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Peter C Samartzis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Lasers, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), P. O. Box 1527, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nicolas Ladda
- Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Simon T Ranecky
- Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Tom Ring
- Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | | | - Constantin Witte
- Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Hendrike Braun
- Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Han-Gyeol Lee
- Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Arne Senftleben
- Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Robert Berger
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - G Barratt Park
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany. and Max Planck Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tim Schäfer
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany. and Max Planck Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Baumert
- Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
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8
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Hong A, Min A, Jang H, Moon CJ, Jeong C, Choi MY, Heo J, Kim NJ. Induced Circular Dichroism of Jet-Cooled Phenol Complexes with ( R)-(-)-2-Butanol. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:8913-8920. [PMID: 31549840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b07237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The induced circular dichroism (ICD) of phenol complexed with (R)-(-)-2-butanol [PhOH-(-)BOH] in a supersonic jet is investigated using resonant two-photon ionization circular dichroism (R2PICD) spectroscopy. The R2PICD spectrum of PhOH-(-)BOH exhibits nonzero ICD bands near the absorption region of bare PhOH, where (-)BOH is transparent. Two different conformers containing a single hydrogen bond between PhOH and (-)BOH are identified using ultraviolet-ultraviolet hole-burning and infrared ion-dip spectroscopy combined with quantum theoretical calculations. The ICD values of the two conformers are similar to each other. To understand these similar ICD effects of the conformers, the geometrical asymmetry of the PhOH moiety bound to (-)BOH and the coupling strength of the electric transition dipole moments between PhOH and (-)BOH are estimated. Comparing the ICD values of PhOH-(-)BOH with those of PhOH-(-)-l-methyl lactate in the previous report [ Hong , A. ; J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2018 , 9 , 476 -480 ], we investigate the physical properties that may govern the differences of the ICD values between the two complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Hong
- Department of Chemistry , Chungbuk National University , Cheongju , Chungbuk 28644 , Korea
| | - Ahreum Min
- Department of Chemistry , Chungbuk National University , Cheongju , Chungbuk 28644 , Korea
| | - Heeseon Jang
- Department of Chemistry , Chungbuk National University , Cheongju , Chungbuk 28644 , Korea
| | - Cheol Joo Moon
- Department of Chemistry (BK21+) and Research Institute of Natural Science , Gyeongsang National University , Jinju 52828 , Korea
| | - Changseop Jeong
- Department of Chemistry , Chungbuk National University , Cheongju , Chungbuk 28644 , Korea
| | - Myong Yong Choi
- Department of Chemistry (BK21+) and Research Institute of Natural Science , Gyeongsang National University , Jinju 52828 , Korea
| | - Jiyoung Heo
- Department of Green Chemical Engineering , Sangmyung University , Cheonan , Chungnam 31066 , Korea
| | - Nam Joon Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Chungbuk National University , Cheongju , Chungbuk 28644 , Korea
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9
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Mortaheb F, Oberhofer K, Riemensberger J, Ristow F, Kienberger R, Heiz U, Iglev H, Kartouzian A. Enantiospecific Desorption Triggered by Circularly Polarized Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farinaz Mortaheb
- Catalysis Research Center and Chemistry Department Chair of Physical Chemistry Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Katrin Oberhofer
- Physik-Department E11 Technische Universität München James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Johann Riemensberger
- Physik-Department E11 Technische Universität München James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Florian Ristow
- Physik-Department E11 Technische Universität München James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Reinhard Kienberger
- Physik-Department E11 Technische Universität München James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Ulrich Heiz
- Catalysis Research Center and Chemistry Department Chair of Physical Chemistry Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Hristo Iglev
- Physik-Department E11 Technische Universität München James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Aras Kartouzian
- Catalysis Research Center and Chemistry Department Chair of Physical Chemistry Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching Germany
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10
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Mortaheb F, Oberhofer K, Riemensberger J, Ristow F, Kienberger R, Heiz U, Iglev H, Kartouzian A. Enantiospecific Desorption Triggered by Circularly Polarized Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15685-15689. [PMID: 31393661 PMCID: PMC6851867 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The interest in enantioseparation and enantiopurification of chiral molecules has been drastically increasing over the past decades, since these are important steps in various disciplines such as pharmaceutical industry, asymmetric catalysis, and chiral sensing. By exposing racemic samples of BINOL (1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol) coated onto achiral glass substrates to circularly polarized light, we unambiguously demonstrate that by controlling the handedness of circularly polarized light, preferential desorption of enantiomers can be achieved. There are currently no mechanisms known that would describe this phenomenon. Our observation together with a simplified phenomenological model suggests that the process of laser desorption needs to be further developed and the contribution of quantum mechanical processes should be revisited to account for these data. Asymmetric laser desorption provides us with a contamination‐free technique for the enantioenrichment of chiral compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farinaz Mortaheb
- Catalysis Research Center and Chemistry Department, Chair of Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Katrin Oberhofer
- Physik-Department E11, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Johann Riemensberger
- Physik-Department E11, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Florian Ristow
- Physik-Department E11, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Reinhard Kienberger
- Physik-Department E11, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Ulrich Heiz
- Catalysis Research Center and Chemistry Department, Chair of Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Hristo Iglev
- Physik-Department E11, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Aras Kartouzian
- Catalysis Research Center and Chemistry Department, Chair of Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
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11
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Kartouzian A. Spectroscopy for model heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis. Chirality 2019; 31:641-657. [PMID: 31318108 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysis has vastly benefited from investigations performed on model systems under well-controlled conditions. The application of most of the techniques utilized for such studies is not feasible for asymmetric reactions as enantiomers possess identical physical and chemical properties unless while interacting with polarized light and other chiral entities. A thorough investigation of a heterogeneous asymmetric catalytic process should include probing the catalyst prior to, during, and after the reaction as well as the analysis of reaction products to evaluate the achieved enantiomeric excess. I present recent studies that demonstrate the strength of chiroptical spectroscopic methods to tackle the challenges in investigating model heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis covering all the abovementioned aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aras Kartouzian
- Lehrstuhl für physikalische Chemie, Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Garching bei München, Germany
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12
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Gunzer F, Krüger S, Grotemeyer J. Photoionization and photofragmentation in mass spectrometry with visible and UV lasers. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2019; 38:202-217. [PMID: 30300954 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ever since the introduction of laser technology to the field of mass spectrometry, several disciplines evolved providing solutions to challenging scientific and analytical tasks in research and industry. Among these are techniques involving multiphoton ionization such as Resonance-Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization (REMPI, R2PI) and Mass-Analyzed Threshold Ionization (MATI) spectroscopy, a variant of Zero Kinetic Energy (ZEKE) spectroscopy, that possess the ability to selectively ionize certain preselected compounds out of complex mixtures, for example, environmental matrices, with a high level of efficiency. Another key feature of multiphoton ionization techniques is the ability to control the degree of fragmentation, whereas soft ionization is most highly appreciated in most applications. In cases where rich fragmentation patterns are desired for diagnostic purposes, Photodissociation mass spectrometry (PD-MS) is applied successfully. PD-MS allows for the cleavage of selected chemical bonds. With the introduction of chromophoric labels in PD-MS, it became possible to target certain molecules or groups within a molecule. In this review article, an overview of the basic principles and experimental requirements of REMPI and MATI spectroscopy and PD mass spectrometry are given. By means of selected examples, the latest developments and application possibilities in this field over the past decade with special focus on the German research landscape are pointed out. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 38: 202-217, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Gunzer
- Physics Department, German University in Cairo, New Cairo City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sascha Krüger
- Department for Laser Mass Spectrometry, Institute for Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrecht-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Strasse 1, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jürgen Grotemeyer
- Department for Laser Mass Spectrometry, Institute for Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrecht-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Strasse 1, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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13
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Lepelmeier J, Alonso-Gómez JL, Mortaheb F, Boesl U, Heiz U, Kartouzian A. Chiroptical inversion for isolated vibronic transitions of supersonic beam-cooled molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018. [PMID: 28650046 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02596c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Circular dichroism-resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (CD-REMPI) was used for CD measurements on several single vibronic transitions of supersonic beam-cooled (R)-(+)-1-phenylethanol. Due to the low molecular densities within a supersonic beam and the expected small anisotropy factor of 1-phenylethanol in the permille region, the precision of the experimental method had to be significantly improved. Therefore, a single laser pulse evaluation combined with a twin-peak technique enabled within the used supersonic beam setup is presented. For the electronic transition S0 → S1 of (R)-(+)-1-phenylethanol (π → π* transition of the phenyl ring at 266 nm) ten different vibrational modes as well as the 0-transition were investigated with one-color (1 + 1) CD-REMPI. The results deliver new experimental insights on the influence of molecular vibrations on the anisotropy factor. TD-DFT theoretical predictions show how the angle between the electronic and magnetic transition dipole moments of the electronic transition can be modified by different vibrational modes, making even a flip of the sign of the anisotropy factor possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Lepelmeier
- Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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14
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Miles J, Fernandes D, Young A, Bond C, Crane S, Ghafur O, Townsend D, Sá J, Greenwood J. A new technique for probing chirality via photoelectron circular dichroism. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 984:134-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Kastner A, Ring T, Krüger BC, Park GB, Schäfer T, Senftleben A, Baumert T. Intermediate state dependence of the photoelectron circular dichroism of fenchone observed via femtosecond resonance-enhanced multi-photon ionization. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:013926. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4982614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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16
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Yu X, Yao ZP. Chiral recognition and determination of enantiomeric excess by mass spectrometry: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 968:1-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Lepelmeier J, Titze K, Kartouzian A, Boesl U, Heiz U. Mass-Selected Circular Dichroism of Supersonic-Beam-Cooled [D 4 ]-(R)-(+)-3-Methylcyclopentanone. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:4052-4058. [PMID: 27809379 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
UV spectroscopy and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) experiments on supersonic-beam-cooled deuterated (R)-(+)-3-methylcyclopentanone ([D4 ]-(R)-(+)-3-MCP) have been performed by using a laser mass spectrometer. The spectral resolution not only allowed excitation and CD measurements for single vibronic transitions but also for the rotational P, Q, and R branches of these transitions. The investigated n→π*18042501 transition showed the largest anisotropy factor ever observed for chiral molecules in the gas phase, which, due to residual saturation of the excited transition, represents only a lower limit for the real anisotropy factor. Furthermore, one-color (1+1+1) and two-color (1+1') resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) measurements were performed and the effusive-beam (room temperature) and supersonic-beam results for [D4 ]-(R)-(+)-3-MCP were compared. These results allowed a differentiation between single-step ECD (comparable to conventional ECD) and cumulative ECD (only possible in multiphoton excitation) under supersonic-beam conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Lepelmeier
- Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Katharina Titze
- Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Aras Kartouzian
- Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Ulrich Boesl
- Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Ulrich Heiz
- Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
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18
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Boesl U, Kartouzian A. Mass-Selective Chiral Analysis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2016; 9:343-364. [PMID: 27070181 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Three ways of realizing mass-selective chiral analysis are reviewed. The first is based on the formation of diastereomers that are of homo- and hetero- type with respect to the enantiomers of involved chiral molecules. This way is quite well-established with numerous applications. The other two ways are more recent developments, both based on circular dichroism (CD). In one, conventional or nonlinear electronic CD is linked to mass spectrometry (MS) by resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization. The other is based on CD in the angular distribution of photoelectrons, which is measured in combination with MS via photoion photoelectron coincidence. Among the many important applications of mass-selective chiral analysis, this review focuses on its use as an analytical tool for the development of heterogeneous enantioselective chemical catalysis. There exist other approaches to combine chiral analysis and mass-selective detection, such as chiral chromatography MS, which are not discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Boesl
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany; ,
| | - Aras Kartouzian
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany; ,
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19
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Hong A, Jeong C, Jang H, Choi MC, Heo J, Kim NJ. Fluorescence-detected circular dichroism spectroscopy of jet-cooled ephedrine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:7762-7. [PMID: 26910410 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07438j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The resonant two-photon ionization circular dichroism (R2PICD) spectrum represents the cumulative circular dichroism (CD) of one-photon excitation and the subsequent one-photon ionization, whereas the fluorescence-detected circular dichroism (FDCD) spectra exhibit only the CD of one-photon excitation, similar to conventional CD spectra. We obtained the FDCD spectra of jet-cooled ephedrine (EPD) near the origin band of the S0-S1 transition to measure the CD of one-photon absorption and thus the CD of the ionization process in R2PI in comparison with the R2PICD spectra. The CD effects of the ionization following excitation of the A (0-0) and C (930 cm(-1)) bands in the spectrum are small, whereas those of the B band (530 cm(-1)) are anomalously large, leading to opposite CD signs for the FDCD and R2PICD spectra. Based on the intermediate state-selective fragmentation patterns in the R2PI spectra, this large CD effect is attributed to the state-selective isomerization that occurs after excitation of the B band. By comparing the experimental and theoretical spectra, we determined that the B band corresponds to an asymmetric ring distortion mode that involves torsional motions of the side chain, which may facilitate the isomerization process. This study demonstrates that FDCD spectroscopy combined with R2PICD spectroscopy provides a powerful tool to measure the CD effects of the excitation and ionization processes separately in R2PI and thus probe the structural changes that occur during the ionization process following excitation to an intermediate state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28644, Korea.
| | - Changseop Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28644, Korea.
| | - Heeseon Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28644, Korea.
| | - Myoung Choul Choi
- Mass Spectrometry & Advanced Instrument Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang Center, Chungbuk 28119, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Heo
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Sangmyung University, Chungnam 31066, Korea.
| | - Nam Joon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28644, Korea.
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20
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Kastner A, Lux C, Ring T, Züllighoven S, Sarpe C, Senftleben A, Baumert T. Enantiomeric Excess Sensitivity to Below One Percent by Using Femtosecond Photoelectron Circular Dichroism. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:1119-22. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201501067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kastner
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT; Universität Kassel; Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Christian Lux
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT; Universität Kassel; Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Tom Ring
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT; Universität Kassel; Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Stefanie Züllighoven
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT; Universität Kassel; Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Cristian Sarpe
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT; Universität Kassel; Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Arne Senftleben
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT; Universität Kassel; Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Thomas Baumert
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT; Universität Kassel; Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40 34132 Kassel Germany
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21
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MIURA S, UCHIMURA T. Evaluating the Translational Temperature of Molecules Laser-desorbed after Online Concentration Using Multiphoton Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2016; 32:1015-7. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.32.1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei MIURA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui
| | - Tomohiro UCHIMURA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui
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22
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23
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Fanood MMR, Ram NB, Lehmann CS, Powis I, Janssen MHM. Enantiomer-specific analysis of multi-component mixtures by correlated electron imaging-ion mass spectrometry. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7511. [PMID: 26104140 PMCID: PMC4491818 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous, enantiomer-specific identification of chiral molecules in multi-component mixtures is extremely challenging. Many established techniques for single-component analysis fail to provide selectivity in multi-component mixtures and lack sensitivity for dilute samples. Here we show how enantiomers may be differentiated by mass-selected photoelectron circular dichroism using an electron-ion coincidence imaging spectrometer. As proof of concept, vapours containing ∼1% of two chiral monoterpene molecules, limonene and camphor, are irradiated by a circularly polarized femtosecond laser, resulting in multiphoton near-threshold ionization with little molecular fragmentation. Large chiral asymmetries (2-4%) are observed in the mass-tagged photoelectron angular distributions. These asymmetries switch sign according to the handedness (R- or S-) of the enantiomer in the mixture and scale with enantiomeric excess of a component. The results demonstrate that mass spectrometric identification of mixtures of chiral molecules and quantitative determination of enantiomeric excess can be achieved in a table-top instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Rafiee Fanood
- LaserLaB Amsterdam and Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - N Bhargava Ram
- LaserLaB Amsterdam and Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - C Stefan Lehmann
- LaserLaB Amsterdam and Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Ivan Powis
- School of Chemistry, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Maurice H M Janssen
- LaserLaB Amsterdam and Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
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Miles J, De Camillis S, Alexander G, Hamilton K, Kelly TJ, Costello JT, Zepf M, Williams ID, Greenwood JB. Detection limits of organic compounds achievable with intense, short-pulse lasers. Analyst 2015; 140:4270-6. [PMID: 25929227 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00529a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Many organic molecules have strong absorption bands which can be accessed by ultraviolet short pulse lasers to produce efficient ionization. This resonant multiphoton ionization scheme has already been exploited as an ionization source in time-of-flight mass spectrometers used for environmental trace analysis. In the present work we quantify the ultimate potential of this technique by measuring absolute ion yields produced from the interaction of 267 nm femtosecond laser pulses with the organic molecules indole and toluene, and gases Xe, N2 and O2. Using multiphoton ionization cross sections extracted from these results, we show that the laser pulse parameters required for real-time detection of aromatic molecules at concentrations of one part per trillion in air and a limit of detection of a few attomoles are achievable with presently available commercial laser systems. The potential applications for the analysis of human breath, blood and tissue samples are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Miles
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Maths and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK.
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25
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Photoelectron Circular Dichroism of Bicyclic Ketones from Multiphoton Ionization with Femtosecond Laser Pulses. Chemphyschem 2014; 16:115-37. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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26
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Titze K, Zollitsch T, Heiz U, Boesl U. Laser mass spectrometry with circularly polarized light: circular dichroism of cold molecules in a supersonic gas beam. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:2762-7. [PMID: 25044352 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
An experiment on chiral molecules that combines circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, mass-selective detection by laser mass spectrometry (MS), and cooling of molecules by using a supersonic beam is presented. The combination of the former two techniques (CD-laser-MS) is a new method to investigate chiral molecules and is now used by several research groups. Cooling in a supersonic beam supplies a substantial increase in spectroscopic resolution, a feature that has not yet been used in CD spectroscopy. In the experiments reported herein, a large variation in the electronic CD of carbonyl 3-methylcyclopentanone was observed depending on the excited vibrational modes in the n → π* transition. This finding should be of interest for the detection of chiral molecules and for the theoretical understanding of the CD of vibronic bands. It is expected that this effect will show up in other chiral carbonyls because the n → π* transition is typical for the carbonyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Titze
- Chemistry Department, Physical Chemistry Chair, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching (Germany), Fax: (+49) 89 289 13389
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27
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Hong A, Choi CM, Eun HJ, Jeong C, Heo J, Kim NJ. Conformation-Specific Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy of Cold, Isolated Chiral Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7805-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Hong A, Choi CM, Eun HJ, Jeong C, Heo J, Kim NJ. Conformation-Specific Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy of Cold, Isolated Chiral Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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29
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Streibel T, Zimmermann R. Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization mass spectrometry (REMPI-MS): applications for process analysis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2014; 7:361-381. [PMID: 25014345 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-062012-092648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Process analysis is an emerging discipline in analytical sciences that poses special requirements on analytical techniques, especially when conducted in an online manner. Mass spectrometric methods seem exceedingly suitable for this task, particularly if a soft ionization method is applied. Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) in combination with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) provides a selective and sensitive means for monitoring (poly)aromatic compounds in process flows. The properties of REMPI and various variations of the ionization process are presented. The potential of REMPI for process analysis is highlighted with several examples, and drawbacks of the method are also noted. Applications of REMPI-TOFMS for the detection and monitoring of aromatic species in a large variety of combustion processes comprising flames, vehicle exhaust, and incinerators are discussed. New trends in technical development and combination with other analytical methods are brought forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Streibel
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, D-18059 Rostock, Germany;
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30
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Janssen MHM, Powis I. Detecting chirality in molecules by imaging photoelectron circular dichroism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:856-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53741b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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