1
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Matias F, Silva TF, Koval NE, Pereira JJN, Antunes PCG, Siqueira PTD, Tabacniks MH, Yoriyaz H, Shorto JMB, Grande PL. Efficient computational modeling of electronic stopping power of organic polymers for proton therapy optimization. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9868. [PMID: 38684890 PMCID: PMC11058815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60651-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive study delves into the intricate interplay between protons and organic polymers, offering insights into proton therapy in cancer treatment. Focusing on the influence of the spatial electron density distribution on stopping power estimates, we employed real-time time-dependent density functional theory coupled with the Penn method. Surprisingly, the assumption of electron density homogeneity in polymers is fundamentally flawed, resulting in an overestimation of stopping power values at energies below 2 MeV. Moreover, the Bragg rule application in specific compounds exhibited significant deviations from experimental data around the stopping maximum, challenging established norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Matias
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - T F Silva
- Instituto de Física da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. R187, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - N E Koval
- Centro de Física de Materiales, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - J J N Pereira
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - P C G Antunes
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - P T D Siqueira
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - M H Tabacniks
- Instituto de Física da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. R187, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - H Yoriyaz
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - J M B Shorto
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - P L Grande
- Instituto de Física da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, 9500, Brazil
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2
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Barral P, Cantara M, Du L, Lunden W, de Hond J, Jamison AO, Ketterle W. Suppressing dipolar relaxation in thin layers of dysprosium atoms. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3566. [PMID: 38670953 PMCID: PMC11052996 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The dipolar interaction can be attractive or repulsive, depending on the position and orientation of the dipoles. Constraining atoms to a plane with their magnetic moment aligned perpendicularly leads to a largely side-by-side repulsion and generates a dipolar barrier which prevents atoms from approaching each other. We show experimentally and theoretically how this can suppress dipolar relaxation, the dominant loss process in spin mixtures of highly magnetic atoms. Using dysprosium, we observe an order of magnitude reduction in the relaxation rate constant, and another factor of ten is within reach based on the models which we have validated with our experimental study. The loss suppression opens up many new possibilities for quantum simulations with spin mixtures of highly magnetic atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Barral
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Michael Cantara
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Li Du
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - William Lunden
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Julius de Hond
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Alan O Jamison
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Wolfgang Ketterle
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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3
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Yudkin Y, Elbaz R, D'Incao JP, Julienne PS, Khaykovich L. Reshaped three-body interactions and the observation of an Efimov state in the continuum. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2127. [PMID: 38459026 PMCID: PMC10923905 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46353-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Efimov trimers are exotic three-body quantum states that emerge from the different types of three-body continua in the vicinity of two-atom Feshbach resonances. In particular, as the strength of the interaction is decreased to a critical point, an Efimov state merges into the atom-dimer threshold and eventually dissociates into an unbound atom-dimer pair. Here we explore the Efimov state in the vicinity of this critical point using coherent few-body spectroscopy in 7Li atoms using a narrow two-body Feshbach resonance. Contrary to the expectation, we find that the 7Li Efimov trimer does not immediately dissociate when passing the threshold, and survives as a metastable state embedded in the atom-dimer continuum. We identify this behavior with a universal phenomenon related to the emergence of a repulsive interaction in the atom-dimer channel which reshapes the three-body interactions in any system characterized by a narrow Feshbach resonance. Specifically, our results shed light on the nature of 7Li Efimov states and provide a path to understand various puzzling phenomena associated with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaakov Yudkin
- Department of Physics, QUEST Center and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel.
| | - Roy Elbaz
- Department of Physics, QUEST Center and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - José P D'Incao
- JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, 80309-0440, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0440, USA.
| | - Paul S Julienne
- Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Lev Khaykovich
- Department of Physics, QUEST Center and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel.
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4
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Chen XY, Biswas S, Eppelt S, Schindewolf A, Deng F, Shi T, Yi S, Hilker TA, Bloch I, Luo XY. Ultracold field-linked tetratomic molecules. Nature 2024; 626:283-287. [PMID: 38297128 PMCID: PMC10849947 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06986-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Ultracold polyatomic molecules offer opportunities1 in cold chemistry2,3, precision measurements4 and quantum information processing5,6, because of their rich internal structure. However, their increased complexity compared with diatomic molecules presents a challenge in using conventional cooling techniques. Here we demonstrate an approach to create weakly bound ultracold polyatomic molecules by electroassociation7 (F.D. et al., manuscript in preparation) in a degenerate Fermi gas of microwave-dressed polar molecules through a field-linked resonance8-11. Starting from ground-state NaK molecules, we create around 1.1 × 103 weakly bound tetratomic (NaK)2 molecules, with a phase space density of 0.040(3) at a temperature of 134(3) nK, more than 3,000 times colder than previously realized tetratomic molecules12. We observe a maximum tetramer lifetime of 8(2) ms in free space without a notable change in the presence of an optical dipole trap, indicating that these tetramers are collisionally stable. Moreover, we directly image the dissociated tetramers through microwave-field modulation to probe the anisotropy of their wavefunction in momentum space. Our result demonstrates a universal tool for assembling weakly bound ultracold polyatomic molecules from smaller polar molecules, which is a crucial step towards Bose-Einstein condensation of polyatomic molecules and towards a new crossover from a dipolar Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer superfluid13-15 to a Bose-Einstein condensation of tetramers. Moreover, the long-lived field-linked state provides an ideal starting point for deterministic optical transfer to deeply bound tetramer states16-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yan Chen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Munich, Germany
| | - Shrestha Biswas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Eppelt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Schindewolf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Munich, Germany
| | - Fulin Deng
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- AS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Su Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- AS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peng Huanwu Collaborative Center for Research and Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Timon A Hilker
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Munich, Germany
| | - Immanuel Bloch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Munich, Germany
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Xin-Yu Luo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany.
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Munich, Germany.
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5
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Chen XY, Schindewolf A, Eppelt S, Bause R, Duda M, Biswas S, Karman T, Hilker T, Bloch I, Luo XY. Field-linked resonances of polar molecules. Nature 2023; 614:59-63. [PMID: 36725996 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05651-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Scattering resonances are an essential tool for controlling the interactions of ultracold atoms and molecules. However, conventional Feshbach scattering resonances1, which have been extensively studied in various platforms1-7, are not expected to exist in most ultracold polar molecules because of the fast loss that occurs when two molecules approach at a close distance8-10. Here we demonstrate a new type of scattering resonance that is universal for a wide range of polar molecules. The so-called field-linked resonances11-14 occur in the scattering of microwave-dressed molecules because of stable macroscopic tetramer states in the intermolecular potential. We identify two resonances between ultracold ground-state sodium-potassium molecules and use the microwave frequencies and polarizations to tune the inelastic collision rate by three orders of magnitude, from the unitary limit to well below the universal regime. The field-linked resonance provides a tuning knob to independently control the elastic contact interaction and the dipole-dipole interaction, which we observe as a modification in the thermalization rate. Our result provides a general strategy for resonant scattering between ultracold polar molecules, which paves the way for realizing dipolar superfluids15 and molecular supersolids16, as well as assembling ultracold polyatomic molecules.
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6
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Yari MR, Zakerhamidi MS, Ghomi H. Plasma immobilization of azobenzene dye on polyamide 6 polymer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:983. [PMID: 36653399 PMCID: PMC9849228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27484-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma treatment of polymeric materials is a cost-effective and efficient technique to modify the surface and change the constituent unit configuration. This research investigates the effects of argon DC glow discharge plasma on pure and DR1 dye-loaded polyamide 6 polymer films and stabilization of dye on the surface. Plasma breaks some bonds and activates the surface through creating reactive structures such as free radical sites on the surface and increases tertiary amides on the surface of polymer. Besides, this process alters surface topographical characteristics and conformation of azobenzene dye which are effective on the durability of the dye on the surface. Plasma causes interactions of the dye with the polymer and immobilizes the dye on the polymer. On the other hand, these interactions lead to changes in the dye's optical and geometric isomeric activity and stability. This work studies the chemical and morphological changes of polyamide 6 by plasma with AFM and spectroscopic methods. Furthermore, the aging of nylon 6 films loaded with DR1 dye is measured, and the conformational changes of the dye are investigated. Plasma stabilizes the dye on the polymer surface through making changes of chemical and physical properties on the surface components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Yari
- grid.412502.00000 0001 0686 4748Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Zakerhamidi
- grid.412831.d0000 0001 1172 3536Faculty of Physics, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran ,grid.412831.d0000 0001 1172 3536Research Institute for Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran ,grid.412831.d0000 0001 1172 3536Photonics Center of Excellence, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Ghomi
- grid.412502.00000 0001 0686 4748Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Paliwal P, Blech A, Koch CP, Narevicius E. Fano interference in quantum resonances from angle-resolved elastic scattering. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7249. [PMID: 34903758 PMCID: PMC8668881 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27556-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric spectral line shapes are a hallmark of interference of a quasi-bound state with a continuum of states. Such line shapes are well known for multichannel systems, for example, in photoionization or Feshbach resonances in molecular scattering. On the other hand, in resonant single channel scattering, the signature of such interference may disappear due to the orthogonality of partial waves. Here, we show that probing the angular dependence of the cross section allows us to unveil asymmetric Fano profiles also in a single channel shape resonance. We observe a shift in the peak of the resonance profile in the elastic collisions between metastable helium and deuterium molecules with detection angle, in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions from full quantum scattering calculations. Using a model description for the partial wave interference, we can disentangle the resonant and background contributions and extract the relative phase responsible for the characteristic Fano-like profiles from our experimental measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Paliwal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alexander Blech
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems and Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane P Koch
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems and Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Edvardas Narevicius
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel.
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8
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Gatchell M, Ameixa J, Ji M, Stockett MH, Simonsson A, Denifl S, Cederquist H, Schmidt HT, Zettergren H. Survival of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon knockout fragments in the interstellar medium. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6646. [PMID: 34789760 PMCID: PMC8599666 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26899-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory studies play a crucial role in understanding the chemical nature of the interstellar medium (ISM), but the disconnect between experimental timescales and the timescales of reactions in space can make a direct comparison between observations, laboratory, and model results difficult. Here we study the survival of reactive fragments of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) coronene, where individual C atoms have been knocked out of the molecules in hard collisions with He atoms at stellar wind and supernova shockwave velocities. Ionic fragments are stored in the DESIREE cryogenic ion-beam storage ring where we investigate their decay for up to one second. After 10 ms the initially hot stored ions have cooled enough so that spontaneous dissociation no longer takes place at a measurable rate; a majority of the fragments remain intact and will continue to do so indefinitely in isolation. Our findings show that defective PAHs formed in energetic collisions with heavy particles may survive at thermal equilibrium in the interstellar medium indefinitely, and could play an important role in the chemistry in there, due to their increased reactivity compared to intact or photo-fragmented PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gatchell
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - João Ameixa
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
- Atomic and Molecular Collisions Laboratory, CEFITEC, Department of Physics, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - MingChao Ji
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark H Stockett
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ansgar Simonsson
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephan Denifl
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Henrik Cederquist
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henning T Schmidt
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Geppert P, Althön M, Fichtner D, Ott H. Diffusive-like redistribution in state-changing collisions between Rydberg atoms and ground state atoms. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3900. [PMID: 34162846 PMCID: PMC8222215 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring the dynamics of inelastic and reactive collisions on the quantum level is a fundamental goal in quantum chemistry. Such collisions are of particular importance in connection with Rydberg atoms in dense environments since they may considerably influence both the lifetime and the quantum state of the scattered Rydberg atoms. Here, we report on the study of state-changing collisions between Rydberg atoms and ground state atoms. We employ high-resolution momentum spectroscopy to identify the final states. In contrast to previous studies, we find that the outcome of such collisions is not limited to a single hydrogenic manifold. We observe a redistribution of population over a wide range of final states. We also find that even the decay to states with the same angular momentum quantum number as the initial state, but different principal quantum number is possible. We model the underlying physical process in the framework of a short-lived Rydberg quasi-molecular complex, where a charge exchange process gives rise to an oscillating electric field that causes transitions within the Rydberg manifold. The distribution of final states shows a diffusive-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Geppert
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Max Althön
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Daniel Fichtner
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Herwig Ott
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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10
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Ćosić M, Petrović S, Bellucci S. Coordinated self-interference of wave packets: a new route towards classicality for structurally stable systems. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16949. [PMID: 33046731 PMCID: PMC7550619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72965-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a study of proton transmission through planar channels of tungsten, where a proton beam is treated as an ensemble of noninteracting wave packets. For this system, the structural stability manifests in an appearance of caustic lines, and as an equivalence of self-interference produced waveforms with canonical diffraction patterns. We will show that coordination between particle self-interference is an additional manifestation of the structural stability existing only in ensembles. The main focus of the analysis was on the ability of the coordination to produce classical structures. We have found that the structures produced by the self-interference are organized in a very different manner. The coordination can enhance or suppress the quantum aspects of the dynamics. This behavior is explained by distributions of inflection, undulation, and singular points of the ensemble phase function, and their bifurcations. We have shown that the coordination has a topological origin which allows classical and quantum levels of reality to exist simultaneously. The classical behavior of the ensemble emerges out of the quantum dynamics without a need for reduction of the quantum to the classical laws of motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ćosić
- Laboratory of Physics, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P. O. Box 522, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - S Petrović
- Laboratory of Physics, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P. O. Box 522, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - S Bellucci
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, 1-00044, Rome, Italy
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11
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Bégin JL, Alsaawy M, Bhardwaj R. Chiral discrimination by recollision enhanced femtosecond laser mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14074. [PMID: 32826912 PMCID: PMC7442795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral molecules and their interactions are critical in a variety of chemical and biological processes. Circular dichroism (CD) is the most widely used optical technique to study chirality, often performed in a solution phase. However, CD has low-efficiency on the order of 0.01-1[Formula: see text]. Therefore, there is a growing need to develop high-efficiency chiroptical techniques, especially in gas-phase, to gain background-free in-depth insight into chiral interactions. By using mass spectrometry and strong-field ionization of limonene with elliptically polarized light, we demonstrate an efficient chiral discrimination method that produces a chiral signal of one to two orders of magnitude higher than the conventional CD. The chiral response exhibits a strong dependence on wavelength in the range of 1,300-2,400 nm, where the relative abundance of the ion yields alternates between the two enantiomers. The origin of enhanced enantio-sensitivity in intense laser fields is attributed to two mechanisms that rely on the recollision dynamics in a chiral system: (1) the excited ionic state dynamics mediated either by the laser field or by the recollision process, and (2) non-dipole effects that alter the electron's trajectories. Our results can serve as a benchmark for testing and developing theoretical tools involving non-dipole effects in strong-field ionization of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Bégin
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Maye Alsaawy
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Ravi Bhardwaj
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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12
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Margulis B, Narevicius J, Narevicius E. Direct observation of a Feshbach resonance by coincidence detection of ions and electrons in Penning ionization collisions. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3553. [PMID: 32678097 PMCID: PMC7366646 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17393-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Observation of molecular dynamics with quantum state resolution is one of the major challenges in chemical physics. Complete characterization of collision dynamics leads to the microscopic understanding and unraveling of different quantum phenomena such as scattering resonances. Here we present an experimental approach for observing molecular dynamics involving neutral particles and ions that is capable of providing state-to-state mapping of the dynamics. We use Penning ionization reaction between argon and metastable helium to generate argon ion and ground state helium atom pairs at separation of several angstroms. The energy of an ejected electron carries the information about the initial electronic state of an ion. The coincidence detection of ionic products provides a state resolved description of the post-ionization ion-neutral dynamics. We demonstrate that correlation between the electron and ion energy spectra enables us to directly observe the spin-orbit excited Feshbach resonance state of HeAr+. We measure the lifetime of the quasi-bound HeAr+ A2 state and discuss possible applications of our method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baruch Margulis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Julia Narevicius
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Edvardas Narevicius
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Kong J, Jiménez-Martínez R, Troullinou C, Lucivero VG, Tóth G, Mitchell MW. Measurement-induced, spatially-extended entanglement in a hot, strongly-interacting atomic system. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2415. [PMID: 32415093 PMCID: PMC7229029 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15899-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum technologies use entanglement to outperform classical technologies, and often employ strong cooling and isolation to protect entangled entities from decoherence by random interactions. Here we show that the opposite strategy-promoting random interactions-can help generate and preserve entanglement. We use optical quantum non-demolition measurement to produce entanglement in a hot alkali vapor, in a regime dominated by random spin-exchange collisions. We use Bayesian statistics and spin-squeezing inequalities to show that at least 1.52(4) × 1013 of the 5.32(12) × 1013 participating atoms enter into singlet-type entangled states, which persist for tens of spin-thermalization times and span thousands of times the nearest-neighbor distance. The results show that high temperatures and strong random interactions need not destroy many-body quantum coherence, that collective measurement can produce very complex entangled states, and that the hot, strongly-interacting media now in use for extreme atomic sensing are well suited for sensing beyond the standard quantum limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Kong
- Department of Physics, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 310018, Hangzhou, China.
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain.
| | - Ricardo Jiménez-Martínez
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Charikleia Troullinou
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Vito Giovanni Lucivero
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Géza Tóth
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, E-48080, Bilbao, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, E-20018, San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48011, Bilbao, Spain
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 49, H-1525, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Morgan W Mitchell
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain.
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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Ambrico PF, Šimek M, Rotolo C, Morano M, Minafra A, Ambrico M, Pollastro S, Gerin D, Faretra F, De Miccolis Angelini RM. Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge plasma: a suitable measure against fungal plant pathogens. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3673. [PMID: 32111863 PMCID: PMC7048822 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal diseases seriously affect agricultural production and the food industry. Crop protection is usually achieved by synthetic fungicides, therefore more sustainable and innovative technologies are increasingly required. The atmospheric pressure low-temperature plasma is a novel suitable measure. We report on the effect of plasma treatment on phytopathogenic fungi causing quantitative and qualitative losses of products both in the field and postharvest. We focus our attention on the in vitro direct inhibitory effect of non-contact Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge on conidia germination of Botrytis cinerea, Monilinia fructicola, Aspergillus carbonarius and Alternaria alternata. A few minutes of treatment was required to completely inactivate the fungi on an artificial medium. Morphological analysis of spores by Scanning Electron Microscopy suggests that the main mechanism is plasma etching due to Reactive Oxygen Species or UV radiation. Spectroscopic analysis of plasma generated in humid air gives the hint that the rotational temperature of gas should not play a relevant role being very close to room temperature. In vivo experiments on artificially inoculated cherry fruits demonstrated that inactivation of fungal spores by the direct inhibitory effect of plasma extend their shelf life. Pre-treatment of fruits before inoculation improve the resistance to infections maybe by activating defense responses in plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo F Ambrico
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Scienza e la Tecnologia dei Plasmi, via Amendola 122/D, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| | - Milan Šimek
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Plasma Physics v.v.i., Department of Pulse Plasma Systems, Za Slovankou 1782/3, 18200, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Caterina Rotolo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari ALDO MORO, via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Morano
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari ALDO MORO, via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelantonio Minafra
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, via Amendola 122/D, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Marianna Ambrico
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Scienza e la Tecnologia dei Plasmi, via Amendola 122/D, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Pollastro
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari ALDO MORO, via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Donato Gerin
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari ALDO MORO, via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Faretra
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari ALDO MORO, via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| | - Rita M De Miccolis Angelini
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari ALDO MORO, via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
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Blech A, Shagam Y, Hölsch N, Paliwal P, Skomorowski W, Rosenberg JW, Bibelnik N, Heber O, Reich DM, Narevicius E, Koch CP. Phase protection of Fano-Feshbach resonances. Nat Commun 2020; 11:999. [PMID: 32081896 PMCID: PMC7035365 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14797-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Decay of bound states due to coupling with free particle states is a general phenomenon occurring at energy scales from MeV in nuclear physics to peV in ultracold atomic gases. Such a coupling gives rise to Fano-Feshbach resonances (FFR) that have become key to understanding and controlling interactions-in ultracold atomic gases, but also between quasiparticles, such as microcavity polaritons. Their energy positions were shown to follow quantum chaotic statistics. In contrast, their lifetimes have so far escaped a similarly comprehensive understanding. Here, we show that bound states, despite being resonantly coupled to a scattering state, become protected from decay whenever the relative phase is a multiple of π. We observe this phenomenon by measuring lifetimes spanning four orders of magnitude for FFR of spin-orbit excited molecular ions with merged beam and electrostatic trap experiments. Our results provide a blueprint for identifying naturally long-lived states in a decaying quantum system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Blech
- Theoretische Physik, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems and Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yuval Shagam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
- JILA, NIST and the Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Nicolas Hölsch
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Prerna Paliwal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Wojciech Skomorowski
- Theoretische Physik, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - John W Rosenberg
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Natan Bibelnik
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Oded Heber
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Daniel M Reich
- Theoretische Physik, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems and Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edvardas Narevicius
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Christiane P Koch
- Theoretische Physik, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany.
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems and Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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