1
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Gawryluk K, Brewczyk M. Mechanism for sound dissipation in a two-dimensional degenerate Fermi gas. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10815. [PMID: 38734745 PMCID: PMC11088693 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61521-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
We numerically study the transport properties of a two-dimensional Fermi gas in a weakly and strongly interacting regimes, in the range of temperatures close to the transition to a superfluid phase. For that we excite sound waves in a fermionic mixture by using the phase imprinting technique, follow their evolution, and finally determine both their speed and attenuation. Our formalism, originated from a density-functional theory, incorporates thermal fluctuations via the grand canonical ensemble description and with the help of Metropolis algoritm. From numerical simulations we extract temperature dependence of the sound velocity and diffusivity as well as the dependence on the interaction strength. We emphasize the role of virtual vortex-antivortex pairs creation in the process of sound dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Gawryluk
- Wydział Fizyki, Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, ul. K. Ciołkowskiego 1L, 15245, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Mirosław Brewczyk
- Wydział Fizyki, Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, ul. K. Ciołkowskiego 1L, 15245, Białystok, Poland
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2
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Barral P, Cantara M, Du L, Lunden W, de Hond J, Jamison AO, Ketterle W. Suppressing dipolar relaxation in thin layers of dysprosium atoms. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3566. [PMID: 38670953 PMCID: PMC11052996 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The dipolar interaction can be attractive or repulsive, depending on the position and orientation of the dipoles. Constraining atoms to a plane with their magnetic moment aligned perpendicularly leads to a largely side-by-side repulsion and generates a dipolar barrier which prevents atoms from approaching each other. We show experimentally and theoretically how this can suppress dipolar relaxation, the dominant loss process in spin mixtures of highly magnetic atoms. Using dysprosium, we observe an order of magnitude reduction in the relaxation rate constant, and another factor of ten is within reach based on the models which we have validated with our experimental study. The loss suppression opens up many new possibilities for quantum simulations with spin mixtures of highly magnetic atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Barral
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Michael Cantara
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Li Du
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - William Lunden
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Julius de Hond
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Alan O Jamison
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Wolfgang Ketterle
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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3
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Shettell N, Lee KS, Oon FE, Maksimova E, Hufnagel C, Wei S, Dumke R. Geophysical survey based on hybrid gravimetry using relative measurements and an atomic gravimeter as an absolute reference. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6511. [PMID: 38499704 PMCID: PMC10948839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57253-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Gravimetry is a versatile metrological approach in geophysics to accurately map subterranean mass and density anomalies. There is a broad diversification regarding the working principle of gravimeters, wherein atomic gravimeters are one of the most technologically progressive class of gravimeters which can monitor gravity at an absolute scale with a high-repetition without exhibiting drift. Despite the apparent utility for geophysical surveys, atomic gravimeters are (currently) laboratory-bound devices due to the vexatious task of transportation. Here, we demonstrated the utility of an atomic gravimeter on-site during a gravity survey, where the issue of immobility was circumvented with a relative spring gravimeter. The atomic gravimeter served as a means to map the relative data from the spring gravimeter to an absolute measurement with an effective precision of 7.7 μ Gal. Absolute measurements provide a robust and feasible method to define and control gravity data taken at different sites, or a later date, which is critical to analyze underground geological units, in particular when it is combined with other geophysical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Shettell
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
| | - Kai Sheng Lee
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Fong En Oon
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Elizaveta Maksimova
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Christoph Hufnagel
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Shengji Wei
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Rainer Dumke
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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4
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Yudkin Y, Elbaz R, D'Incao JP, Julienne PS, Khaykovich L. Reshaped three-body interactions and the observation of an Efimov state in the continuum. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2127. [PMID: 38459026 PMCID: PMC10923905 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46353-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Efimov trimers are exotic three-body quantum states that emerge from the different types of three-body continua in the vicinity of two-atom Feshbach resonances. In particular, as the strength of the interaction is decreased to a critical point, an Efimov state merges into the atom-dimer threshold and eventually dissociates into an unbound atom-dimer pair. Here we explore the Efimov state in the vicinity of this critical point using coherent few-body spectroscopy in 7Li atoms using a narrow two-body Feshbach resonance. Contrary to the expectation, we find that the 7Li Efimov trimer does not immediately dissociate when passing the threshold, and survives as a metastable state embedded in the atom-dimer continuum. We identify this behavior with a universal phenomenon related to the emergence of a repulsive interaction in the atom-dimer channel which reshapes the three-body interactions in any system characterized by a narrow Feshbach resonance. Specifically, our results shed light on the nature of 7Li Efimov states and provide a path to understand various puzzling phenomena associated with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaakov Yudkin
- Department of Physics, QUEST Center and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel.
| | - Roy Elbaz
- Department of Physics, QUEST Center and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - José P D'Incao
- JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, 80309-0440, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0440, USA.
| | - Paul S Julienne
- Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Lev Khaykovich
- Department of Physics, QUEST Center and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel.
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5
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Slager RJ, Bouhon A, Ünal FN. Non-Abelian Floquet braiding and anomalous Dirac string phase in periodically driven systems. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1144. [PMID: 38326295 PMCID: PMC10850167 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
While a significant fraction of topological materials has been characterized using symmetry requirements1-4, the past two years have witnessed the rise of novel multi-gap dependent topological states5-9, the properties of which go beyond these approaches and are yet to be fully explored. Although already of active interest at equilibrium10-15, we show that the combination of out-of-equilibrium processes and multi-gap topological insights galvanize a new direction within topological phases of matter. We show that periodic driving can induce anomalous multi-gap topological properties that have no static counterpart. In particular, we identify Floquet-induced non-Abelian braiding, which in turn leads to a phase characterized by an anomalous Euler class, being the prime example of a multi-gap topological invariant. Most strikingly, we also retrieve the first example of an 'anomalous Dirac string phase'. This gapped out-of-equilibrium phase features an unconventional Dirac string configuration that physically manifests itself via anomalous edge states on the boundary. Our results not only provide a stepping stone for the exploration of intrinsically dynamical and experimentally viable multi-gap topological phases, but also demonstrate periodic driving as a powerful way to observe these non-Abelian braiding processes notably in quantum simulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert-Jan Slager
- TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.
| | - Adrien Bouhon
- TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - F Nur Ünal
- TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.
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6
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Bohr EA, Kristensen SL, Hotter C, Schäffer SA, Robinson-Tait J, Thomsen JW, Zelevinsky T, Ritsch H, Müller JH. Collectively enhanced Ramsey readout by cavity sub- to superradiant transition. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1084. [PMID: 38316781 PMCID: PMC10844618 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45420-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
When an inverted ensemble of atoms is tightly packed on the scale of its emission wavelength or when the atoms are collectively strongly coupled to a single cavity mode, their dipoles will align and decay rapidly via a superradiant burst. However, a spread-out dipole phase distribution theory predicts a required minimum threshold of atomic excitation for superradiance to occur. Here we experimentally confirm this predicted threshold for superradiant emission on a narrow optical transition when exciting the atoms transversely and show how to take advantage of the resulting sub- to superradiant transition. A π/2-pulse places the atoms in a subradiant state, protected from collective cavity decay, which we exploit during the free evolution period in a corresponding Ramsey pulse sequence. The final excited state population is read out via superradiant emission from the inverted atomic ensemble after a second π/2-pulse, and with minimal heating this allows for multiple Ramsey sequences within one experimental cycle. Our scheme is an innovative approach to atomic state readout characterized by its speed, simplicity, and highly directional emission of signal photons. It demonstrates the potential of sensors using collective effects in cavity-coupled quantum emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliot A Bohr
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark.
| | - Sofus L Kristensen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Christoph Hotter
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 21a, Innsbruck, A-6020, Austria
| | - Stefan A Schäffer
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Julian Robinson-Tait
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Jan W Thomsen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Tanya Zelevinsky
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, 538 West 120th Street, New York, 10027-5255, NY, USA
| | - Helmut Ritsch
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 21a, Innsbruck, A-6020, Austria
| | - Jörg H Müller
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
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7
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Chen XY, Biswas S, Eppelt S, Schindewolf A, Deng F, Shi T, Yi S, Hilker TA, Bloch I, Luo XY. Ultracold field-linked tetratomic molecules. Nature 2024; 626:283-287. [PMID: 38297128 PMCID: PMC10849947 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06986-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Ultracold polyatomic molecules offer opportunities1 in cold chemistry2,3, precision measurements4 and quantum information processing5,6, because of their rich internal structure. However, their increased complexity compared with diatomic molecules presents a challenge in using conventional cooling techniques. Here we demonstrate an approach to create weakly bound ultracold polyatomic molecules by electroassociation7 (F.D. et al., manuscript in preparation) in a degenerate Fermi gas of microwave-dressed polar molecules through a field-linked resonance8-11. Starting from ground-state NaK molecules, we create around 1.1 × 103 weakly bound tetratomic (NaK)2 molecules, with a phase space density of 0.040(3) at a temperature of 134(3) nK, more than 3,000 times colder than previously realized tetratomic molecules12. We observe a maximum tetramer lifetime of 8(2) ms in free space without a notable change in the presence of an optical dipole trap, indicating that these tetramers are collisionally stable. Moreover, we directly image the dissociated tetramers through microwave-field modulation to probe the anisotropy of their wavefunction in momentum space. Our result demonstrates a universal tool for assembling weakly bound ultracold polyatomic molecules from smaller polar molecules, which is a crucial step towards Bose-Einstein condensation of polyatomic molecules and towards a new crossover from a dipolar Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer superfluid13-15 to a Bose-Einstein condensation of tetramers. Moreover, the long-lived field-linked state provides an ideal starting point for deterministic optical transfer to deeply bound tetramer states16-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yan Chen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Munich, Germany
| | - Shrestha Biswas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Eppelt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Schindewolf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Munich, Germany
| | - Fulin Deng
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- AS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Su Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- AS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peng Huanwu Collaborative Center for Research and Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Timon A Hilker
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Munich, Germany
| | - Immanuel Bloch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Munich, Germany
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Xin-Yu Luo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany.
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Munich, Germany.
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8
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Di Carli A, Parsonage C, La Rooij A, Koehn L, Ulm C, Duncan CW, Daley AJ, Haller E, Kuhr S. Commensurate and incommensurate 1D interacting quantum systems. Nat Commun 2024; 15:474. [PMID: 38212298 PMCID: PMC10784295 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44610-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-atom imaging resolution of many-body quantum systems in optical lattices is routinely achieved with quantum-gas microscopes. Key to their great versatility as quantum simulators is the ability to use engineered light potentials at the microscopic level. Here, we employ dynamically varying microscopic light potentials in a quantum-gas microscope to study commensurate and incommensurate 1D systems of interacting bosonic Rb atoms. Such incommensurate systems are analogous to doped insulating states that exhibit atom transport and compressibility. Initially, a commensurate system with unit filling and fixed atom number is prepared between two potential barriers. We deterministically create an incommensurate system by dynamically changing the position of the barriers such that the number of available lattice sites is reduced while retaining the atom number. Our systems are characterised by measuring the distribution of particles and holes as a function of the lattice filling, and interaction strength, and we probe the particle mobility by applying a bias potential. Our work provides the foundation for preparation of low-entropy states with controlled filling in optical-lattice experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Di Carli
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Parsonage
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur La Rooij
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - Lennart Koehn
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - Clemens Ulm
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - Callum W Duncan
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Daley
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - Elmar Haller
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Kuhr
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom.
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9
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Li Y, Du H, Wang Y, Liang J, Xiao L, Yi W, Ma J, Jia S. Observation of frustrated chiral dynamics in an interacting triangular flux ladder. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7560. [PMID: 37985772 PMCID: PMC10662351 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum matter interacting with gauge fields, an outstanding paradigm in modern physics, underlies the description of various physical systems. Engineering artificial gauge fields in ultracold atoms offers a highly controllable access to the exotic many-body phenomena in these systems, and has stimulated intense interest. Here we implement a triangular flux ladder in the momentum space of ultracold 133Cs atoms, and study the chiral dynamics under tunable interactions. Through measurements of the site-resolved density evolutions, we reveal how the competition between interaction and flux in the frustrated triangular geometry gives rise to flux-dependent localization and biased chiral dynamics. For the latter in particular, the symmetry between the two legs is dynamically broken, which can be attributed to frustration. We then characterize typical dynamic patterns using complementary observables. Our work opens the avenue toward exploring correlated transport in frustrated geometries, where the interplay between interactions and gauge fields plays a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Huiying Du
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Junjun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Liantuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Wei Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, 230026, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China.
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China.
| | - Suotang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
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10
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Easton T, Kokmotos M, Barontini G. Vortex clustering in trapped Bose-Einstein condensates. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19432. [PMID: 37940655 PMCID: PMC10632428 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46549-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We numerically study the formation of vortex clusters in trapped Bose-Einstein condensates where vortices are initially imprinted in a line. We show that such a system exhibits a rich phenomenology depending on the distance at which the vortices are imprinted and their number. In particular we observe that it is possible to obtain systems of twin vortex clusters, twin vortex clusters with orbiting satellite vortices, and triplets of clusters. By using a clustering algorithm we are able to quantitatively describe the formation and dynamics of the clusters. We finally utilise an analytical model to determine the range of parameters for which the clustering occurs. Our work sets the stage for possible experimental implementations where the formation of vortex clusters and more exotic bound states of vortices could be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Easton
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Marios Kokmotos
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Giovanni Barontini
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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11
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Zhao L, Lee MDK, Aliyu MM, Loh H. Floquet-tailored Rydberg interactions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7128. [PMID: 37932268 PMCID: PMC10628180 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42899-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rydberg blockade is a key ingredient for entangling atoms in arrays. However, it requires atoms to be spaced well within the blockade radius, which limits the range of local quantum gates. Here we break this constraint using Floquet frequency modulation, with which we demonstrate Rydberg-blockade entanglement beyond the traditional blockade radius and show how the enlarged entanglement range improves qubit connectivity in a neutral atom array. Further, we find that the coherence of entangled states can be extended under Floquet frequency modulation. Finally, we realize Rydberg anti-blockade states for two sodium Rydberg atoms within the blockade radius. Such Rydberg anti-blockade states for atoms at close range enables the robust preparation of strongly-interacting, long-lived Rydberg states, yet their steady-state population cannot be achieved with only the conventional static drive. Our work transforms between the paradigmatic regimes of Rydberg blockade versus anti-blockade and paves the way for realizing more connected, coherent, and tunable neutral atom quantum processors with a single approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luheng Zhao
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Dao Kang Lee
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mohammad Mujahid Aliyu
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huanqian Loh
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117542, Singapore, Singapore.
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12
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Lizama NZ, Carrasco SC, Rogan J, Valdivia JA. Three-dimensional non-approximate Coulomb interaction between two trapped quantum particles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18210. [PMID: 37875521 PMCID: PMC10598207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45234-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The two trapped quantum particles interacting problem is generalized to three dimensions, and the exact Coulomb potential is used. The system is solved by expanding the wavefunction in terms of the isotropic harmonic oscillator eigenfunctions and Hydrogen atom eigenfunctions independently, showing that each one results in a prime approximation for different domains of the normalized coupling constant of the relative interactions, suggesting that the combination of the basis is enough to build a well-suited base for the non-approximate problem. The results are compared to previous works that use a model of approximate finite-rage soft-core interaction model of the problem to give insights into the many-body states of strongly correlated ultracold bosons and fermions. We conclude that the proposed three-dimensional approach facilitates the distinction between bosons and fermions while the solutions given by the expansions better define the behavior of the particles for repulsive potentials. In addition, we discuss the substantial differences between our work and the previous approximate model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Z Lizama
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, 7800024, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Sebastián C Carrasco
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, 7800024, Santiago, Chile
- Now at the DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, 2800 Powder Mill Road, Adelphi, MD, 20783, USA
| | - José Rogan
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, 7800024, Santiago, Chile
- Centro para la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnolgía, CEDENNA, Santiago, 9170124, Chile
| | - Juan Alejandro Valdivia
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, 7800024, Santiago, Chile
- Centro para la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnolgía, CEDENNA, Santiago, 9170124, Chile
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13
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O'Rourke MJ, Chan GKL. Entanglement in the quantum phases of an unfrustrated Rydberg atom array. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5397. [PMID: 37669950 PMCID: PMC10480489 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent experimental advances have stimulated interest in the use of large, two-dimensional arrays of Rydberg atoms as a platform for quantum information processing and to study exotic many-body quantum states. However, the native long-range interactions between the atoms complicate experimental analysis and precise theoretical understanding of these systems. Here we use new tensor network algorithms capable of including all long-range interactions to study the ground state phase diagram of Rydberg atoms in a geometrically unfrustrated square lattice array. We find a greatly altered phase diagram from earlier numerical and experimental studies, revealed by studying the phases on the bulk lattice and their analogs in experiment-sized finite arrays. We further describe a previously unknown region with a nematic phase stabilized by short-range entanglement and an order from disorder mechanism. Broadly our results yield a conceptual guide for future experiments, while our techniques provide a blueprint for converging numerical studies in other lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J O'Rourke
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Garnet Kin-Lic Chan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
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14
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Koch J, Menon K, Cuestas E, Barbosa S, Lutz E, Fogarty T, Busch T, Widera A. A quantum engine in the BEC-BCS crossover. Nature 2023; 621:723-727. [PMID: 37758889 PMCID: PMC10533395 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Heat engines convert thermal energy into mechanical work both in the classical and quantum regimes1. However, quantum theory offers genuine non-classical forms of energy, different from heat, which so far have not been exploited in cyclic engines. Here we experimentally realize a quantum many-body engine fuelled by the energy difference between fermionic and bosonic ensembles of ultracold particles that follows from the Pauli exclusion principle2. We employ a harmonically trapped superfluid gas of 6Li atoms close to a magnetic Feshbach resonance3 that allows us to effectively change the quantum statistics from Bose-Einstein to Fermi-Dirac, by tuning the gas between a Bose-Einstein condensate of bosonic molecules and a unitary Fermi gas (and back) through a magnetic field4-10. The quantum nature of such a Pauli engine is revealed by contrasting it with an engine in the classical thermal regime and with a purely interaction-driven device. We obtain a work output of several 106 vibrational quanta per cycle with an efficiency of up to 25%. Our findings establish quantum statistics as a useful thermodynamic resource for work production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Koch
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Eloisa Cuestas
- OIST Graduate University, Onna, Japan
- Enrique Gaviola Institute of Physics, National Scientific and Technical Research Council of Argentina and National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sian Barbosa
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Eric Lutz
- Institute for Theoretical Physics I, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | | | - Artur Widera
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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15
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Blinova A, Zamora-Zamora R, Ollikainen T, Kivioja M, Möttönen M, Hall DS. Observation of an Alice ring in a Bose-Einstein condensate. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5100. [PMID: 37644013 PMCID: PMC10465595 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40710-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Monopoles and vortices are fundamental topological excitations that appear in physical systems spanning enormous scales of size and energy, from the vastness of the early universe to tiny laboratory droplets of nematic liquid crystals and ultracold gases. Although the topologies of vortices and monopoles are distinct from one another, under certain circumstances a monopole can spontaneously and continuously deform into a vortex ring with the curious property that monopoles passing through it are converted into anti-monopoles. However, the observation of such Alice rings has remained a major challenge, due to the scarcity of experimentally accessible monopoles in continuous fields. Here, we present experimental evidence of an Alice ring resulting from the decay of a topological monopole defect in a dilute gaseous 87Rb Bose-Einstein condensate. Our results, in agreement with detailed first-principles simulations, provide an unprecedented opportunity to explore the unique features of a composite excitation that combines the topological features of both a monopole and a vortex ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Blinova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, 01002-5000, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Roberto Zamora-Zamora
- QCD Labs, QTF Centre of Excellence and InstituteQ, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
- Quanscient Oy, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuomas Ollikainen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, 01002-5000, USA
- QCD Labs, QTF Centre of Excellence and InstituteQ, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Kivioja
- Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mikko Möttönen
- QCD Labs, QTF Centre of Excellence and InstituteQ, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - David S Hall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, 01002-5000, USA
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16
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Biswas S, Ghosh A, Majumder S. Artificial magnetism for a harmonically trapped Fermi gas in a synthetic magnetic field. J Phys Condens Matter 2023; 35:255801. [PMID: 36958038 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acc719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We have analytically explored the artificial magnetism for a 3D spin-polarized harmonically trapped ideal Fermi gas of electrically neutral particles exposed to a uniform synthetic magnetic field. Though polarization of the spin is necessary for trapping electrically neutral atoms in a magneto-optical trap, Pauli paramagnetism can not be studied for the spin-polarized Fermi system. However, it is possible to study Landau diamagnetism and de Haas-van Alphen effect for such a system. We have unified the artificial Landau diamagnetism and the artificial de Haas-van Alphen effect in a single framework for all temperatures as well as for all possible magnitudes of the synthetic magnetic field in the thermodynamic limit. Our prediction is testable in the present-day experimental setup for ultracold fermionic atoms in magneto-optical trap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamal Biswas
- School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, C.R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Avijit Ghosh
- School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, C.R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Soumyadeep Majumder
- School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, C.R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
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17
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Dutta S, Lode AUJ, Alon OE. Fragmentation and correlations in a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate undergoing breakup. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3343. [PMID: 36849498 PMCID: PMC9971194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29516-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The theoretical investigation of rotating Bose-Einstein condensates has mainly focused on the emergence of quantum vortex states and the condensed properties of such systems. In the present work, we concentrate on other facets by examining the impact of rotation on the ground state of weakly interacting bosons confined in anharmonic potentials computed both at the mean-field level and particularly at the many-body level of theory. For the many-body computations, we employ the well-established many-body method known as the multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree method for bosons. We present how various degrees of fragmentation can be generated following the breakup of the ground state densities in anharmonic traps without ramping up a potential barrier for strong rotations. The breakup of the densities is found to be associated with the acquisition of angular momentum in the condensate due to the rotation. In addition to fragmentation, the presence of many-body correlations is examined by computing the variances of the many-particle position and momentum operators. For strong rotations, the many-body variances become smaller than their mean-field counterparts, and one even finds a scenario with opposite anisotropies of the mean-field and many-body variances. Further, it is observed that for higher discrete symmetric systems of order k, namely three-fold and four-fold symmetry, breakup to k sub-clouds and emergence of k-fold fragmentation take place. All in all, we provide a thorough many-body investigation of how and which correlations build up when a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate breaks up under rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunayana Dutta
- Department of Physics, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel.
- Haifa Research Center for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Axel U J Lode
- Institute of Physics, Albert-Ludwig University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ofir E Alon
- Department of Physics, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- Haifa Research Center for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
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18
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Schroff P, La Rooij A, Haller E, Kuhr S. Accurate holographic light potentials using pixel crosstalk modelling. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3252. [PMID: 36828926 PMCID: PMC9958060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30296-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Arbitrary light potentials have proven to be a valuable and versatile tool in many quantum information and quantum simulation experiments with ultracold atoms. Using a phase-modulating spatial light modulator (SLM), we generate arbitrary light potentials holographically with measured efficiencies between 15 and 40% and an accuracy of [Formula: see text] root-mean-squared error. Key to the high accuracy is the modelling of pixel crosstalk of the SLM on a sub-pixel scale which is relevant especially for large light potentials. We employ conjugate gradient minimisation to calculate the SLM phase pattern for a given target light potential after measuring the intensity and wavefront at the SLM. Further, we use camera feedback to reduce experimental errors, we remove optical vortices and investigate the difference between the angular spectrum method and the Fourier transform to simulate the propagation of light. Using a combination of all these techniques, we achieved more accurate and efficient light potentials compared to previous studies, and generated a series of potentials relevant for cold atom experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Schroff
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - Arthur La Rooij
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK.
| | - Elmar Haller
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - Stefan Kuhr
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
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19
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Koch J, Hunanyan GR, Ockenfels T, Rico E, Solano E, Weitz M. Quantum Rabi dynamics of trapped atoms far in the deep strong coupling regime. Nat Commun 2023; 14:954. [PMID: 36808135 PMCID: PMC9941496 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36611-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The coupling of a two-level system with an electromagnetic field, whose fully quantized version is the quantum Rabi model, is among the central topics of quantum physics. When the coupling strength becomes large enough that the field mode frequency is reached, the deep strong coupling regime is approached, and excitations can be created from the vacuum. Here we demonstrate a periodic variant of the quantum Rabi model in which the two-level system is encoded in the Bloch band structure of cold rubidium atoms in optical potentials. With this method we achieve a Rabi coupling strength of 6.5 times the field mode frequency, which is far in the deep strong coupling regime, and observe a subcycle timescale raise in bosonic field mode excitations. In a measurement recorded in the basis of the coupling term of the quantum Rabi Hamiltonian, a freezing of dynamics is revealed for small frequency splittings of the two-level system, as expected when the coupling term dominates over all other energy scales, and a revival for larger splittings. Our work demonstrates a route to realize quantum-engineering applications in yet unexplored parameter regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Koch
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 8, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Geram R. Hunanyan
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Till Ockenfels
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Enrique Rico
- grid.11480.3c0000000121671098EHU Quantum Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain ,grid.11480.3c0000000121671098Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain ,grid.424810.b0000 0004 0467 2314IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Enrique Solano
- grid.11480.3c0000000121671098Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain ,grid.424810.b0000 0004 0467 2314IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain ,Kipu Quantum, Greifswalder Straße 226, 10405 Berlin, Germany ,grid.39436.3b0000 0001 2323 5732International Center of Quantum Artificial Intelligence for Science and Technology (QuArtist) and Department of Physics, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Martin Weitz
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 8, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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20
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Chen XY, Schindewolf A, Eppelt S, Bause R, Duda M, Biswas S, Karman T, Hilker T, Bloch I, Luo XY. Field-linked resonances of polar molecules. Nature 2023; 614:59-63. [PMID: 36725996 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05651-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Scattering resonances are an essential tool for controlling the interactions of ultracold atoms and molecules. However, conventional Feshbach scattering resonances1, which have been extensively studied in various platforms1-7, are not expected to exist in most ultracold polar molecules because of the fast loss that occurs when two molecules approach at a close distance8-10. Here we demonstrate a new type of scattering resonance that is universal for a wide range of polar molecules. The so-called field-linked resonances11-14 occur in the scattering of microwave-dressed molecules because of stable macroscopic tetramer states in the intermolecular potential. We identify two resonances between ultracold ground-state sodium-potassium molecules and use the microwave frequencies and polarizations to tune the inelastic collision rate by three orders of magnitude, from the unitary limit to well below the universal regime. The field-linked resonance provides a tuning knob to independently control the elastic contact interaction and the dipole-dipole interaction, which we observe as a modification in the thermalization rate. Our result provides a general strategy for resonant scattering between ultracold polar molecules, which paves the way for realizing dipolar superfluids15 and molecular supersolids16, as well as assembling ultracold polyatomic molecules.
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21
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Hirthe S, Chalopin T, Bourgund D, Bojović P, Bohrdt A, Demler E, Grusdt F, Bloch I, Hilker TA. Magnetically mediated hole pairing in fermionic ladders of ultracold atoms. Nature 2023; 613:463-7. [PMID: 36653561 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05437-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Conventional superconductivity emerges from pairing of charge carriers-electrons or holes-mediated by phonons1. In many unconventional superconductors, the pairing mechanism is conjectured to be mediated by magnetic correlations2, as captured by models of mobile charges in doped antiferromagnets3. However, a precise understanding of the underlying mechanism in real materials is still lacking and has been driving experimental and theoretical research for the past 40 years. Early theoretical studies predicted magnetic-mediated pairing of dopants in ladder systems4-8, in which idealized theoretical toy models explained how pairing can emerge despite repulsive interactions9. Here we experimentally observe this long-standing theoretical prediction, reporting hole pairing due to magnetic correlations in a quantum gas of ultracold atoms. By engineering doped antiferromagnetic ladders with mixed-dimensional couplings10, we suppress Pauli blocking of holes at short length scales. This results in a marked increase in binding energy and decrease in pair size, enabling us to observe pairs of holes predominantly occupying the same rung of the ladder. We find a hole-hole binding energy of the order of the superexchange energy and, upon increased doping, we observe spatial structures in the pair distribution, indicating repulsion between bound hole pairs. By engineering a configuration in which binding is strongly enhanced, we delineate a strategy to increase the critical temperature for superconductivity.
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22
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Gaaloul N, Meister M, Corgier R, Pichery A, Boegel P, Herr W, Ahlers H, Charron E, Williams JR, Thompson RJ, Schleich WP, Rasel EM, Bigelow NP. A space-based quantum gas laboratory at picokelvin energy scales. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7889. [PMID: 36550117 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultracold quantum gases are ideal sources for high-precision space-borne sensing as proposed for Earth observation, relativistic geodesy and tests of fundamental physical laws as well as for studying new phenomena in many-body physics during extended free fall. Here we report on experiments with the Cold Atom Lab aboard the International Space Station, where we have achieved exquisite control over the quantum state of single 87Rb Bose-Einstein condensates paving the way for future high-precision measurements. In particular, we have applied fast transport protocols to shuttle the atomic cloud over a millimeter distance with sub-micrometer accuracy and subsequently drastically reduced the total expansion energy to below 100 pK with matter-wave lensing techniques.
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23
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Nandy DK, Sowiński T. Sudden quench of harmonically trapped mass-imbalanced fermions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19710. [PMID: 36385321 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24228-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamical properties of two-component mass-imbalanced few-fermion systems confined in a one-dimensional harmonic trap following a sudden quench of interactions are studied. It is assumed that initially the system is prepared in the non-interacting ground state and then, after a sudden quench of interactions, the unitary evolution is governed by interacting many-body Hamiltonian. By careful analysis of the evolution of the Loschmidt echo, density distributions of the components, and entanglement entropy between them, the role of mass imbalance and particle number imbalance on the system's evolution stability are investigated. All the quantities studied manifest a dramatic dependence on the number of heavy and lighter fermions in each component at a given quench strength. The results may have implications for upcoming experiments on fermionic mixtures with a well-defined and small number of particles.
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24
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Alba-Arroyo JE, Caballero-Benitez SF, Jáuregui R. Weber number and the outcome of binary collisions between quantum droplets. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18467. [PMID: 36323755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22904-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A theoretical analysis of binary collisions of quantum droplets under feasible experimental conditions is reported. Droplets formed from degenerate dilute Bose gases made up from binary mixtures of ultracold atoms are considered. Reliable expressions for the surface tension of the droplets are introduced based on a study of low energy excitations of their ground state within the random phase approximation. Their relevance is evaluated considering an estimation of the expected excitation energy having in mind the Thouless variational theorem. The surface tension expressions allow calculating the Weber number of the droplets involved in the collisions. Several regimes on the outcomes of the binary frontal collisions that range from the coalescence of the quantum droplets to their disintegration into smaller droplets are identified. Atoms losses of the droplets derived from self-evaporation and three-body scattering are quantified for both homo- and hetero-nuclear mixtures. Their control is mandatory for the observation of some interesting effects arising from droplets collisions.
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25
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Bhowmik A, Alon OE. Longitudinal and transversal resonant tunneling of interacting bosons in a two-dimensional Josephson junction. Sci Rep 2022; 12:627. [PMID: 35022433 PMCID: PMC8755734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04312-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We unravel the out-of-equilibrium quantum dynamics of a few interacting bosonic clouds in a two-dimensional asymmetric double-well potential at the resonant tunneling scenario. At the single-particle level of resonant tunneling, particles tunnel under the barrier from, typically, the ground-state in the left well to an excited state in the right well, i.e., states of different shapes and properties are coupled when their one-particle energies coincide. In two spatial dimensions, two types of resonant tunneling processes are possible, to which we refer to as longitudinal and transversal resonant tunneling. Longitudinal resonant tunneling implies that the state in the right well is longitudinally-excited with respect to the state in the left well, whereas transversal resonant tunneling implies that the former is transversely-excited with respect to the latter. We show that interaction between bosons makes resonant tunneling phenomena in two spatial dimensions profoundly rich, and analyze these phenomena in terms of the loss of coherence of the junction and development of fragmentation, and coupling between transverse and longitudinal degrees-of-freedom and excitations. To this end, a detailed analysis of the tunneling dynamics is performed by exploring the time evolution of a few physical quantities, namely, the survival probability, occupation numbers of the reduced one-particle density matrix, and the many-particle position, momentum, and angular-momentum variances. To accurately calculate these physical quantities from the time-dependent many-boson wavefunction, we apply a well-established many-body method, the multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree for bosons (MCTDHB), which incorporates quantum correlations exhaustively. By comparing the survival probabilities and variances at the mean-field and many-body levels of theory and investigating the development of fragmentation, we identify the detailed mechanisms of many-body longitudinal and transversal resonant tunneling in two dimensional asymmetric double-wells. In particular, we find that the position and momentum variances along the transversal direction are almost negligible at the longitudinal resonant tunneling, whereas they are substantial at the transversal resonant tunneling which is caused by the combination of the density and breathing mode oscillations. We show that the width of the interparticle interaction potential does not affect the qualitative physics of resonant tunneling dynamics, both at the mean-field and many-body levels. In general, we characterize the impact of the transversal and longitudinal degrees-of-freedom in the many-boson tunneling dynamics at the resonant tunneling scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anal Bhowmik
- Department of Mathematics, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel.
- Haifa Research Center for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Ofir E Alon
- Department of Mathematics, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- Haifa Research Center for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
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26
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Abstract
Various exotic topological phases of Floquet systems have been shown to arise from crystalline symmetries. Yet, a general theory for Floquet topology that is applicable to all crystalline symmetry groups is still in need. In this work, we propose such a theory for (effectively) non-interacting Floquet crystals. We first introduce quotient winding data to classify the dynamics of the Floquet crystals with equivalent symmetry data, and then construct dynamical symmetry indicators (DSIs) to sufficiently indicate the inherently dynamical Floquet crystals. The DSI and quotient winding data, as well as the symmetry data, are all computationally efficient since they only involve a small number of Bloch momenta. We demonstrate the high efficiency by computing all elementary DSI sets for all spinless and spinful plane groups using the mathematical theory of monoid, and find a large number of different nontrivial classifications, which contain both first-order and higher-order 2+1D anomalous Floquet topological phases. Using the framework, we further find a new 3+1D anomalous Floquet second-order topological insulator (AFSOTI) phase with anomalous chiral hinge modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Yu
- Condensed Matter Theory Center, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Rui-Xing Zhang
- Condensed Matter Theory Center, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Zhi-Da Song
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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27
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Vretenar M, Toebes C, Klaers J. Modified Bose-Einstein condensation in an optical quantum gas. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5749. [PMID: 34593808 PMCID: PMC8484613 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Open quantum systems can be systematically controlled by making changes to their environment. A well-known example is the spontaneous radiative decay of an electronically excited emitter, such as an atom or a molecule, which is significantly influenced by the feedback from the emitter's environment, for example, by the presence of reflecting surfaces. A prerequisite for a deliberate control of an open quantum system is to reveal the physical mechanisms that determine its state. Here, we investigate the Bose-Einstein condensation of a photonic Bose gas in an environment with controlled dissipation and feedback. Our measurements offer a highly systematic picture of Bose-Einstein condensation under non-equilibrium conditions. We show that by adjusting their frequency Bose-Einstein condensates naturally try to avoid particle loss and destructive interference in their environment. In this way our experiments reveal physical mechanisms involved in the formation of a Bose-Einstein condensate, which typically remain hidden when the system is close to thermal equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Vretenar
- Adaptive Quantum Optics (AQO), MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Toebes
- Adaptive Quantum Optics (AQO), MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Klaers
- Adaptive Quantum Optics (AQO), MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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28
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Wang XQ, Luo GQ, Liu JY, Liu WV, Hemmerich A, Xu ZF. Evidence for an atomic chiral superfluid with topological excitations. Nature 2021; 596:227-231. [PMID: 34381235 PMCID: PMC8357630 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03702-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Topological superfluidity is an important concept in electronic materials as well as ultracold atomic gases1. However, although progress has been made by hybridizing superconductors with topological substrates, the search for a material-natural or artificial-that intrinsically exhibits topological superfluidity has been ongoing since the discovery of the superfluid 3He-A phase2. Here we report evidence for a globally chiral atomic superfluid, induced by interaction-driven time-reversal symmetry breaking in the second Bloch band of an optical lattice with hexagonal boron nitride geometry. This realizes a long-lived Bose-Einstein condensate of 87Rb atoms beyond present limits to orbitally featureless scenarios in the lowest Bloch band. Time-of-flight and band mapping measurements reveal that the local phases and orbital rotations of atoms are spontaneously ordered into a vortex array, showing evidence of the emergence of global angular momentum across the entire lattice. A phenomenological effective model is used to capture the dynamics of Bogoliubov quasi-particle excitations above the ground state, which are shown to exhibit a topological band structure. The observed bosonic phase is expected to exhibit phenomena that are conceptually distinct from, but related to, the quantum anomalous Hall effect3-7 in electronic condensed matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiong Wang
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guang-Quan Luo
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin-Yu Liu
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - W Vincent Liu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Wilczek Quantum Center, School of Physics and Astronomy and T. D. Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Andreas Hemmerich
- Institute of Laser Physics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Zhi-Fang Xu
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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29
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Miles C, Bohrdt A, Wu R, Chiu C, Xu M, Ji G, Greiner M, Weinberger KQ, Demler E, Kim EA. Correlator convolutional neural networks as an interpretable architecture for image-like quantum matter data. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3905. [PMID: 34162847 PMCID: PMC8222395 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23952-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Image-like data from quantum systems promises to offer greater insight into the physics of correlated quantum matter. However, the traditional framework of condensed matter physics lacks principled approaches for analyzing such data. Machine learning models are a powerful theoretical tool for analyzing image-like data including many-body snapshots from quantum simulators. Recently, they have successfully distinguished between simulated snapshots that are indistinguishable from one and two point correlation functions. Thus far, the complexity of these models has inhibited new physical insights from such approaches. Here, we develop a set of nonlinearities for use in a neural network architecture that discovers features in the data which are directly interpretable in terms of physical observables. Applied to simulated snapshots produced by two candidate theories approximating the doped Fermi-Hubbard model, we uncover that the key distinguishing features are fourth-order spin-charge correlators. Our approach lends itself well to the construction of simple, versatile, end-to-end interpretable architectures, thus paving the way for new physical insights from machine learning studies of experimental and numerical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole Miles
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Annabelle Bohrdt
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), München, Germany
| | - Ruihan Wu
- Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Christie Chiu
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Princeton Center for Complex Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Muqing Xu
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Geoffrey Ji
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Markus Greiner
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Eugene Demler
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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30
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Geppert P, Althön M, Fichtner D, Ott H. Diffusive-like redistribution in state-changing collisions between Rydberg atoms and ground state atoms. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3900. [PMID: 34162846 PMCID: PMC8222215 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring the dynamics of inelastic and reactive collisions on the quantum level is a fundamental goal in quantum chemistry. Such collisions are of particular importance in connection with Rydberg atoms in dense environments since they may considerably influence both the lifetime and the quantum state of the scattered Rydberg atoms. Here, we report on the study of state-changing collisions between Rydberg atoms and ground state atoms. We employ high-resolution momentum spectroscopy to identify the final states. In contrast to previous studies, we find that the outcome of such collisions is not limited to a single hydrogenic manifold. We observe a redistribution of population over a wide range of final states. We also find that even the decay to states with the same angular momentum quantum number as the initial state, but different principal quantum number is possible. We model the underlying physical process in the framework of a short-lived Rydberg quasi-molecular complex, where a charge exchange process gives rise to an oscillating electric field that causes transitions within the Rydberg manifold. The distribution of final states shows a diffusive-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Geppert
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Max Althön
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Daniel Fichtner
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Herwig Ott
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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31
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Pietraszewicz J, Seweryn A, Witkowska E. Multifaceted phase ordering kinetics of an antiferromagnetic spin-1 condensate. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9296. [PMID: 33927249 PMCID: PMC8085072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We study phase domain coarsening in the long time limit after a quench of magnetic field in a quasi one-dimensional spin-1 antiferromagnetic condensate. We observe that the growth of correlation length obeys scaling laws predicted by the two different models of phase ordering kinetics, namely the binary mixture and vector field. We derive regimes of clear realization for both of them. We demonstrate appearance of atypical scaling laws, which emerge in intermediate regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Pietraszewicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotnikow 32/46, 02668, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Seweryn
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotnikow 32/46, 02668, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Witkowska
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotnikow 32/46, 02668, Warsaw, Poland.
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32
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Zhao E, Lee J, He C, Ren Z, Hajiyev E, Liu J, Jo GB. Heuristic machinery for thermodynamic studies of SU(N) fermions with neural networks. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2011. [PMID: 33790292 PMCID: PMC8012572 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The power of machine learning (ML) provides the possibility of analyzing experimental measurements with a high sensitivity. However, it still remains challenging to probe the subtle effects directly related to physical observables and to understand physics behind from ordinary experimental data using ML. Here, we introduce a heuristic machinery by using machine learning analysis. We use our machinery to guide the thermodynamic studies in the density profile of ultracold fermions interacting within SU(N) spin symmetry prepared in a quantum simulator. Although such spin symmetry should manifest itself in a many-body wavefunction, it is elusive how the momentum distribution of fermions, the most ordinary measurement, reveals the effect of spin symmetry. Using a fully trained convolutional neural network (NN) with a remarkably high accuracy of ~94% for detection of the spin multiplicity, we investigate how the accuracy depends on various less-pronounced effects with filtered experimental images. Guided by our machinery, we directly measure a thermodynamic compressibility from density fluctuations within the single image. Our machine learning framework shows a potential to validate theoretical descriptions of SU(N) Fermi liquids, and to identify less-pronounced effects even for highly complex quantum matter with minimal prior understanding.
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Grants
- 26302118 Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (RGC, UGC)
- 16305019 Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (RGC, UGC)
- N-HKUST626/18 Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (RGC, UGC)
- 16311516 Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (RGC, UGC)
- 16305317 Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (RGC, UGC)
- 16304918 Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (RGC, UGC)
- 16306119 Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (RGC, UGC)
- C6005-17G Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (RGC, UGC)
- N-HKUST601/17 Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (RGC, UGC)
- Innovation Awards Croucher Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- Entong Zhao
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jeongwon Lee
- HKUST Jockey Club Institute of Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chengdong He
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zejian Ren
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Elnur Hajiyev
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junwei Liu
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gyu-Boong Jo
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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33
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Lode AUJ, Dutta S, Lévêque C. Dynamics of Ultracold Bosons in Artificial Gauge Fields-Angular Momentum, Fragmentation, and the Variance of Entropy. Entropy (Basel) 2021; 23:392. [PMID: 33806185 PMCID: PMC8067171 DOI: 10.3390/e23040392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We consider the dynamics of two-dimensional interacting ultracold bosons triggered by suddenly switching on an artificial gauge field. The system is initialized in the ground state of a harmonic trapping potential. As a function of the strength of the applied artificial gauge field, we analyze the emergent dynamics by monitoring the angular momentum, the fragmentation as well as the entropy and variance of the entropy of absorption or single-shot images. We solve the underlying time-dependent many-boson Schrödinger equation using the multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree method for indistinguishable particles (MCTDH-X). We find that the artificial gauge field implants angular momentum in the system. Fragmentation-multiple macroscopic eigenvalues of the reduced one-body density matrix-emerges in sync with the dynamics of angular momentum: the bosons in the many-body state develop non-trivial correlations. Fragmentation and angular momentum are experimentally difficult to assess; here, we demonstrate that they can be probed by statistically analyzing the variance of the image entropy of single-shot images that are the standard projective measurement of the state of ultracold atomic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel U. J. Lode
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sunayana Dutta
- Department of Mathematics, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
- Haifa Research Center for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Camille Lévêque
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria;
- Wolfgang Pauli Institute c/o Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Oskar-Morgenstern Platz 1, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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34
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Świsłocki T, Gajda M, Brewczyk M, Deuar P. Spin distillation cooling of ultracold Bose gases. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6441. [PMID: 33742005 PMCID: PMC7979932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the spin distillation of spinor gases of bosonic atoms and find two different mechanisms in [Formula: see text]Cr and [Formula: see text]Na atoms, both of which can cool effectively. The first mechanism involves dipolar scattering into initially unoccupied spin states and cools only above a threshold magnetic field. The second proceeds via equilibrium relaxation of the thermal cloud into empty spin states, reducing its proportion in the initial component. It cools only below a threshold magnetic field. The technique was initially demonstrated experimentally for a chromium dipolar gas (Naylor et al. in Phys Rev Lett 115:243002, 2015), whereas here we develop the concept further and provide an in-depth understanding of the required physics and limitations involved. Through numerical simulations, we reveal the mechanisms involved and demonstrate that the spin distillation cycle can be repeated several times, each time resulting in a significant additional reduction of the thermal atom fraction. Threshold values of magnetic field and predictions for the achievable temperature are also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Świsłocki
- Institute of Information Technology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, ul. Nowoursynowska 159, 02786, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Gajda
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mirosław Brewczyk
- Wydział Fizyki, Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, ul. K. Ciołkowskiego 1L, 15245, Białystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Deuar
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland
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35
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Abstract
Bloch oscillations (BOs) are a fundamental phenomenon by which a wave packet undergoes a periodic motion in a lattice when subjected to a force. Observed in a wide range of synthetic systems, BOs are intrinsically related to geometric and topological properties of the underlying band structure. This has established BOs as a prominent tool for the detection of Berry-phase effects, including those described by non-Abelian gauge fields. In this work, we unveil a unique topological effect that manifests in the BOs of higher-order topological insulators through the interplay of non-Abelian Berry curvature and quantized Wilson loops. It is characterized by an oscillating Hall drift synchronized with a topologically-protected inter-band beating and a multiplied Bloch period. We elucidate that the origin of this synchronization mechanism relies on the periodic quantum dynamics of Wannier centers. Our work paves the way to the experimental detection of non-Abelian topological properties through the measurement of Berry phases and center-of-mass displacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Di Liberto
- Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 231, Campus Plaine, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium.
| | - N Goldman
- Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 231, Campus Plaine, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium
| | - G Palumbo
- Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 231, Campus Plaine, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium
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36
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Santos RA, Iemini F, Kamenev A, Gefen Y. A possible route towards dissipation-protected qubits using a multidimensional dark space and its symmetries. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5899. [PMID: 33214554 PMCID: PMC7677546 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum systems are always subject to interactions with an environment, typically resulting in decoherence and distortion of quantum correlations. It has been recently shown that a controlled interaction with the environment may actually help to create a state, dubbed as "dark", which is immune to decoherence. To encode quantum information in the dark states, they need to span a space with a dimensionality larger than one, so different orthogonal states act as a computational basis. Here, we devise a symmetry-based conceptual framework to engineer such degenerate dark spaces (DDS), protected from decoherence by the environment. We illustrate this construction with a model protocol, inspired by the fractional quantum Hall effect, where the DDS basis is isomorphic to a set of degenerate Laughlin states. The long-time steady state of our driven-dissipative model exhibits thus all the characteristics of degenerate vacua of a unitary topological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul A Santos
- T.C.M. Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
| | - Fernando Iemini
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, 24210-346, Brazil
- Abdus Salam ICTP, Strada Costiera 11, Trieste, I-34151, Italy
| | - Alex Kamenev
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- William I. Fine Theoretical Physics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Yuval Gefen
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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37
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Abstract
We study the signatures of the collective modes of a superfluid Fermi gas in its linear response functions for the order-parameter and density fluctuations in the Random Phase Approximation (RPA). We show that a resonance associated to the Popov-Andrianov (or sometimes "Higgs") mode is visible inside the pair-breaking continuum at all values of the wavevector q, not only in the (order-parameter) modulus-modulus response function but also in the modulus-density and density-density responses. At nonzero temperature, the resonance survives in the presence of thermally broken pairs even until the vicinity of the critical temperature Tc, and coexists with both the Anderson-Bogoliubov modes at temperatures comparable to the gap Δ and with the low-velocity phononic mode predicted by RPA near Tc. The existence of a Popov-Andrianov-"Higgs" resonance is thus a robust, generic feature of the high-energy phenomenology of pair-condensed Fermi gases, and should be accessible to state-of-the-art cold atom experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kurkjian
- TQC, Universiteit Antwerpen, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - J Tempere
- TQC, Universiteit Antwerpen, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - S N Klimin
- TQC, Universiteit Antwerpen, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium
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38
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Ivanov DA, Ivanova TY, Caballero-Benitez SF, Mekhov IB. Cavityless self-organization of ultracold atoms due to the feedback-induced phase transition. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10550. [PMID: 32601416 PMCID: PMC7324615 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67280-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Feedback is a general idea of modifying system behavior depending on the measurement outcomes. It spreads from natural sciences, engineering, and artificial intelligence to contemporary classical and rock music. Recently, feedback has been suggested as a tool to induce phase transitions beyond the dissipative ones and tune their universality class. Here, we propose and theoretically investigate a system possessing such a feedback-induced phase transition. The system contains a Bose-Einstein condensate placed in an optical potential with the depth that is feedback-controlled according to the intensity of the Bragg-reflected probe light. We show that there is a critical value of the feedback gain where the uniform gas distribution loses its stability and the ordered periodic density distribution emerges. Due to the external feedback, the presence of a cavity is not necessary for this type of atomic self-organization. We analyze the dynamics after a sudden change of the feedback control parameter. The feedback time constant is shown to determine the relaxation above the critical point. We show as well that the control algorithm with the derivative of the measured signal dramatically decreases the transient time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis A Ivanov
- St. Petersburg State University, Ulianovskaya 3, Petrodvorets, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russia.
| | - Tatiana Yu Ivanova
- St. Petersburg State University, Ulianovskaya 3, Petrodvorets, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russia
| | | | - Igor B Mekhov
- St. Petersburg State University, Ulianovskaya 3, Petrodvorets, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russia
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, Oxford, UK
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39
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Wen K, Meng Z, Wang P, Wang L, Chen L, Huang L, Zhou L, Cui X, Zhang J. Observation of sub-wavelength phase structure of matter wave with two-dimensional optical lattice by Kapitza-Dirac diffraction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5870. [PMID: 32246123 PMCID: PMC7125164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62551-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an experimental demonstration of generation and measurement of sub-wavelength phase structure of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with two-dimensional optical lattice. This is implemented by applying a short lattice pulse on BEC in the Kapitza-Dirac (or Raman-Nath) regime, which, in the classical picture, corresponds to phase modulation imprinted on matter wave. When the phase modulation is larger than 2π in a lattice cell, the periodicity of phase naturally forms the sub-wavelength phase structure. By converting the phase information into amplitude, we are able to measure the sub-wavelength structure through the momentum distribution of BEC via the time-of-flight absorption image. Beyond the classical treatment, we further demonstrate the importance of quantum fluctuations in the formation of sub-wavelength phase structure by considering different lattice configurations. Our scheme provides a powerful tool for exploring the fine structure of a lattice cell as well as topological defects in matter wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P.R. China
| | - Zengming Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P.R. China
| | - Pengjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P.R. China.
| | - Liangwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P.R. China
| | - Liangchao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P.R. China
| | - Lianghui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaoling Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P.R. China.
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40
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Diniz PC, Oliveira EAB, Lima ARP, Henn EAL. Ground state and collective excitations of a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate in a bubble trap. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4831. [PMID: 32179828 PMCID: PMC7075965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61657-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We consider the ground state and the collective excitations of dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates in a bubble trap, i.e., a shell-shaped spherically symmetric confining potential. By means of an appropriate Gaussian ansatz, we determine the ground-state properties in the case where the particles interact by means of both the isotropic and short-range contact and the anisotropic and long-range dipole-dipole potential in the thin-shell limit. Moreover, with the ground state at hand, we employ the sum-rule approach to study the monopole, the two-, the three-dimensional quadrupole as well as the dipole modes. We find situations in which neither the virial nor Kohn's theorem can be applied. On top of that, we demonstrate the existence of anisotropic particle density profiles, which are absent in the case with repulsive contact interaction only. These significant deviations from what one would typically expect are then traced back to both the anisotropic nature of the dipolar interaction and the novel topology introduced by the bubble trap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro C Diniz
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A B Oliveira
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Aristeu R P Lima
- Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Acarape-Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Emanuel A L Henn
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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41
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Taie S, Ichinose T, Ozawa H, Takahashi Y. Spatial adiabatic passage of massive quantum particles in an optical Lieb lattice. Nat Commun 2020; 11:257. [PMID: 31953464 PMCID: PMC6969038 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum interference lies at the heart of quantum mechanics. By utilizing destructive interference, it is possible to transfer a physical object between two states without populating an intermediate state which is necessary to connect the initial and final states. A famous application is a technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage, where atomic internal states can be transfered with high efficiency regardless of lossy intermediate states. One interesting situation is a case where the initial and final states are spatially well separated. Quantum mechanics allows a particle to move without practical possibility of being found at the intermediate area. Here we demonstrate this spatial adiabatic passage with ultracold atoms in an optical lattice. Key to this is the existence of dark eigenstates forming a flat energy band, with effective transfer between two sublattices being observed. This work sheds light on a study of coherent control of trapped cold atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Taie
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Ichinose
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hideki Ozawa
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Takahashi
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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42
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Bera S, Chakrabarti B, Gammal A, Tsatsos MC, Lekala ML, Chatterjee B, Lévêque C, Lode AUJ. Sorting Fermionization from Crystallization in Many-Boson Wavefunctions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17873. [PMID: 31784539 PMCID: PMC6884621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermionization is what happens to the state of strongly interacting repulsive bosons interacting with contact interactions in one spatial dimension. Crystallization is what happens for sufficiently strongly interacting repulsive bosons with dipolar interactions in one spatial dimension. Crystallization and fermionization resemble each other: in both cases - due to their repulsion - the bosons try to minimize their spatial overlap. We trace these two hallmark phases of strongly correlated one-dimensional bosonic systems by exploring their ground state properties using the one- and two-body density matrix. We solve the N-body Schrödinger equation accurately and from first principles using the multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree for bosons (MCTDHB) and for fermions (MCTDHF) methods. Using the one- and two-body density, fermionization can be distinguished from crystallization in position space. For N interacting bosons, a splitting into an N-fold pattern in the one-body and two-body density is a unique feature of both, fermionization and crystallization. We demonstrate that this splitting is incomplete for fermionized bosons and restricted by the confinement potential. This incomplete splitting is a consequence of the convergence of the energy in the limit of infinite repulsion and is in agreement with complementary results that we obtain for fermions using MCTDHF. For crystalline bosons, in contrast, the splitting is complete: the interaction energy is capable of overcoming the confinement potential. Our results suggest that the spreading of the density as a function of the dipolar interaction strength diverges as a power law. We describe how to distinguish fermionization from crystallization experimentally from measurements of the one- and two-body density.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bera
- Department of Physics, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700 073, India
| | - B Chakrabarti
- Department of Physics, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700 073, India
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Gammal
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M C Tsatsos
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - M L Lekala
- Department of Physics, University of South Africa P.O. Box-392, Pretoria, 0003, South Africa
| | - B Chatterjee
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - C Lévêque
- Wolfgang Pauli Institute c/o Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Oskar-Morgenstern Platz 1, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020, Vienna, Austria
| | - A U J Lode
- Wolfgang Pauli Institute c/o Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Oskar-Morgenstern Platz 1, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020, Vienna, Austria.
- Institute of Physics, Albert-Ludwig University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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43
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Barfknecht RE, Foerster A, Zinner NT. Dynamics of spin and density fluctuations in strongly interacting few-body systems. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15994. [PMID: 31690841 PMCID: PMC6831690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52392-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The decoupling of spin and density dynamics is a remarkable feature of quantum one-dimensional many-body systems. In a few-body regime, however, little is known about this phenomenon. To address this problem, we study the time evolution of a small system of strongly interacting fermions after a sudden change in the trapping geometry. We show that, even at the few-body level, the excitation spectrum of this system presents separate signatures of spin and density dynamics. Moreover, we describe the effect of considering additional internal states with SU(N) symmetry, which ultimately leads to the vanishing of spin excitations in a completely balanced system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Emilio Barfknecht
- Instituto de Física da UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Angela Foerster
- Instituto de Física da UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nikolaj Thomas Zinner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, Aarhus, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark
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44
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Weiss LS, Borgh MO, Blinova A, Ollikainen T, Möttönen M, Ruostekoski J, Hall DS. Controlled creation of a singular spinor vortex by circumventing the Dirac belt trick. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4772. [PMID: 31619679 PMCID: PMC6795882 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12787-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent topological defects and textures are particularly dramatic consequences of superfluidity. Among the most fascinating examples are the singular vortices arising from the rotational symmetry group SO(3), with surprising topological properties illustrated by Dirac's famous belt trick. Despite considerable interest, controlled preparation and detailed study of vortex lines with complex internal structure in fully three-dimensional spinor systems remains an outstanding experimental challenge. Here, we propose and implement a reproducible and controllable method for creating and detecting a singular SO(3) line vortex from the decay of a non-singular spin texture in a ferromagnetic spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate. Our experiment explicitly demonstrates the SO(3) character and the unique spinor properties of the defect. Although the vortex is singular, its core fills with atoms in the topologically distinct polar magnetic phase. The resulting stable, coherent topological interface has analogues in systems ranging from condensed matter to cosmology and string theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Weiss
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, 01002-5000, USA
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD, 20723, USA
| | - M O Borgh
- Faculty of Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - A Blinova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, 01002-5000, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - T Ollikainen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, 01002-5000, USA
- QCD Labs, QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - M Möttönen
- QCD Labs, QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044, VTT, Finland
| | - J Ruostekoski
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - D S Hall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, 01002-5000, USA.
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45
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Borkowski M, Buchachenko AA, Ciuryło R, Julienne PS, Yamada H, Kikuchi Y, Takasu Y, Takahashi Y. Weakly bound molecules as sensors of new gravitylike forces. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14807. [PMID: 31616025 PMCID: PMC6794265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51346-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Several extensions to the Standard Model of particle physics, including light dark matter candidates and unification theories predict deviations from Newton's law of gravitation. For macroscopic distances, the inverse-square law of gravitation is well confirmed by astrophysical observations and laboratory experiments. At micrometer and shorter length scales, however, even the state-of-the-art constraints on deviations from gravitational interaction, whether provided by neutron scattering or precise measurements of forces between macroscopic bodies, are currently many orders of magnitude larger than gravity itself. Here we show that precision spectroscopy of weakly bound molecules can be used to constrain non-Newtonian interactions between atoms. A proof-of-principle demonstration using recent data from photoassociation spectroscopy of weakly bound Yb2 molecules yields constraints on these new interactions that are already close to state-of-the-art neutron scattering experiments. At the same time, with the development of the recently proposed optical molecular clocks, the neutron scattering constraints could be surpassed by at least two orders of magnitude.
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Grants
- 2017/25/B/ST4/01486, 2014/13/N/ST2/02591 Narodowe Centrum Nauki (National Science Centre)
- EMPIR 15SIB03 OC18 EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020)
- 353 Wroclaw University of Technology | Wroclawskie Centrum Sieciowo-Superkomputerowe, Politechnika Wroclawska (Wroclaw Network and Supercomputing Center)
- 17-13-01466 Russian Science Foundation (RSF)
- 25220711, 17H06138, 18H05405, 18H05228 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- 25220711, 17H06138, 18H05405, 18H05228 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- 25220711, 17H06138, 18H05405, 18H05228 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- 25220711, 17H06138, 18H05405, 18H05228 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- Q-LEAP Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- Q-LEAP Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- Q-LEAP Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- Q-LEAP Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- JPMJCR1673 MEXT | JST | Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST)
- JPMJCR1673 MEXT | JST | Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST)
- JPMJCR1673 MEXT | JST | Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST)
- JPMJCR1673 MEXT | JST | Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST)
- National Laboratory FAMO
- Impulsing Paradigm Changing Through Disruptive Technologies (ImPACT) program, Matsuo Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Borkowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100, Torun, Poland.
| | - Alexei A Buchachenko
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 100 Novaya Street, Skolkovo, Moscow Region, 121205, Russia
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russia
| | - Roman Ciuryło
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Paul S Julienne
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Hirotaka Yamada
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuu Kikuchi
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yosuke Takasu
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Takahashi
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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46
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Prośniak OA, Łącki M, Damski B. Critical points of the three-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model from on-site atom number fluctuations. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8687. [PMID: 31213624 PMCID: PMC6582071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44825-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We discuss how positions of critical points of the three-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model can be accurately obtained from variance of the on-site atom number operator, which can be experimentally measured. The idea that we explore is that the derivative of the variance, with respect to the parameter driving the transition, has a pronounced maximum close to critical points. We show that Quantum Monte Carlo studies of this maximum lead to precise determination of critical points for the superfluid-Mott insulator transition in systems with mean number of atoms per lattice site equal to one, two, and three. We also extract from such data the correlation-length critical exponent through the finite-size scaling analysis and discuss how the derivative of the variance can be reliably computed from numerical data for the variance. The same conclusions apply to the derivative of the nearest-neighbor correlation function, which can be obtained from routinely measured time-of-flight images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar A Prośniak
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Physics, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mateusz Łącki
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Physics, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bogdan Damski
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Physics, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.
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47
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Abstract
We derive the complete mixing-demixing phase-diagram relevant to a bosonic binary mixture confined in a ring trimer and modeled within the Bose-Hubbard picture. The mixing properties of the two quantum fluids, which are shown to be strongly affected by the fragmented character of the confining potential, are evaluated by means of a specific indicator imported from Statistical Thermodynamics and are shown to depend only on two effective parameters incorporating the asymmetry between the heteronuclear species. To closely match realistic experimental conditions, our study is extended also beyond the pointlike approximation of potential wells by describing the systems in terms of two coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations. The resulting mean-field analysis confirms the rich scenario of mixing-demixing transitions of the mixture and also constitutes an effective springboard towards a viable experimental realization. We additionally propose an experimental realization based on a realistic optical-tweezers system and on the bosonic mixture 23Na + 39K, thanks to the large tunability of their intra- and inter-species scattering lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Richaud
- Department of Applied Science and Technology and u.d.r. CNISM, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129, Torino, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Zenesini
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Vittorio Penna
- Department of Applied Science and Technology and u.d.r. CNISM, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129, Torino, Italy
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