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Silva de Oliveira V, Silander I, Rutkowski L, Soboń G, Axner O, Lehmann KK, Foltynowicz A. Sub-Doppler optical-optical double-resonance spectroscopy using a cavity-enhanced frequency comb probe. Nat Commun 2024; 15:161. [PMID: 38167498 PMCID: PMC10762249 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurate parameters of molecular hot-band transitions, i.e., those starting from vibrationally excited levels, are needed to accurately model high-temperature spectra in astrophysics and combustion, yet laboratory spectra measured at high temperatures are often unresolved and difficult to assign. Optical-optical double-resonance (OODR) spectroscopy allows the measurement and assignment of individual hot-band transitions from selectively pumped energy levels without the need to heat the sample. However, previous demonstrations lacked either sufficient resolution, spectral coverage, absorption sensitivity, or frequency accuracy. Here we demonstrate OODR spectroscopy using a cavity-enhanced frequency comb probe that combines all these advantages. We detect and assign sub-Doppler transitions in the spectral range of the 3ν3 ← ν3 resonance of methane with frequency precision and sensitivity more than an order of magnitude better than before. This technique will provide high-accuracy data about excited states of a wide range of molecules that is urgently needed for theoretical modeling of high-temperature data and cannot be obtained using other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isak Silander
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lucile Rutkowski
- University of Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes)-UMR 6251, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Grzegorz Soboń
- Faculty of Electronics, Photonics and Microsystems, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ove Axner
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kevin K Lehmann
- Departments of Chemistry & Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
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2
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Tuli LB, Goettl SJ, Turner AM, Howlader AH, Hemberger P, Wnuk SF, Guo T, Mebel AM, Kaiser RI. Gas phase synthesis of the C40 nano bowl C 40H 10. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1527. [PMID: 36934084 PMCID: PMC10024697 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanobowls represent vital molecular building blocks of end-capped nanotubes and fullerenes detected in combustion systems and in deep space such as toward the planetary nebula TC-1, but their fundamental formation mechanisms have remained elusive. By merging molecular beam experiments with electronic structure calculations, we reveal a complex chain of reactions initiated through the gas-phase preparation of benzocorannulene (C24H12) via ring annulation of the corannulenyl radical (C20H9•) by vinylacetylene (C4H4) as identified isomer-selectively in situ via photoionization efficiency curves and photoion mass-selected threshold photoelectron spectra. In silico studies provided compelling evidence that the benzannulation mechanism can be expanded to pentabenzocorannulene (C40H20) followed by successive cyclodehydrogenation to the C40 nanobowl (C40H10) - a fundamental building block of buckminsterfullerene (C60). This high-temperature pathway opens up isomer-selective routes to nanobowls via resonantly stabilized free-radical intermediates and ring annulation in circumstellar envelopes of carbon stars and planetary nebulae as their descendants eventually altering our insights of the complex chemistry of carbon in our Galaxy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotefa B Tuli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Shane J Goettl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Andrew M Turner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - A Hasan Howlader
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Paul Scherrer Insitute, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Villigen, Switzerland.
| | - Stanislaw F Wnuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Tianjian Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 370001, PR China
| | - Alexander M Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
| | - Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
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3
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Stockett MH, Bull JN, Cederquist H, Indrajith S, Ji M, Navarro Navarrete JE, Schmidt HT, Zettergren H, Zhu B. Efficient stabilization of cyanonaphthalene by fast radiative cooling and implications for the resilience of small PAHs in interstellar clouds. Nat Commun 2023; 14:395. [PMID: 36693859 PMCID: PMC9873784 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
After decades of searching, astronomers have recently identified specific Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in space. Remarkably, the observed abundance of cyanonaphthalene (CNN, C10H7CN) in the Taurus Molecular Cloud (TMC-1) is six orders of magnitude higher than expected from astrophysical modeling. Here, we report unimolecular dissociation and radiative cooling rate coefficients of the 1-CNN isomer in its cationic form. These results are based on measurements of the time-dependent neutral product emission rate and kinetic energy release distributions produced from an ensemble of internally excited 1-CNN+ studied in an environment similar to that in interstellar clouds. We find that Recurrent Fluorescence - radiative relaxation via thermally populated electronic excited states - efficiently stabilizes 1-CNN+, owing to a large enhancement of the electronic transition probability by vibronic coupling. Our results help explain the anomalous abundance of CNN in TMC-1 and challenge the widely accepted picture of rapid destruction of small PAHs in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H. Stockett
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James N. Bull
- grid.8273.e0000 0001 1092 7967School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Cederquist
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Suvasthika Indrajith
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - MingChao Ji
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Henning T. Schmidt
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henning Zettergren
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Boxing Zhu
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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Gatchell M, Ameixa J, Ji M, Stockett MH, Simonsson A, Denifl S, Cederquist H, Schmidt HT, Zettergren H. Survival of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon knockout fragments in the interstellar medium. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6646. [PMID: 34789760 PMCID: PMC8599666 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26899-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory studies play a crucial role in understanding the chemical nature of the interstellar medium (ISM), but the disconnect between experimental timescales and the timescales of reactions in space can make a direct comparison between observations, laboratory, and model results difficult. Here we study the survival of reactive fragments of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) coronene, where individual C atoms have been knocked out of the molecules in hard collisions with He atoms at stellar wind and supernova shockwave velocities. Ionic fragments are stored in the DESIREE cryogenic ion-beam storage ring where we investigate their decay for up to one second. After 10 ms the initially hot stored ions have cooled enough so that spontaneous dissociation no longer takes place at a measurable rate; a majority of the fragments remain intact and will continue to do so indefinitely in isolation. Our findings show that defective PAHs formed in energetic collisions with heavy particles may survive at thermal equilibrium in the interstellar medium indefinitely, and could play an important role in the chemistry in there, due to their increased reactivity compared to intact or photo-fragmented PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gatchell
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - João Ameixa
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
- Atomic and Molecular Collisions Laboratory, CEFITEC, Department of Physics, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - MingChao Ji
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark H Stockett
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ansgar Simonsson
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephan Denifl
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Henrik Cederquist
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henning T Schmidt
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Shaw JL, Romo-Gonzalez MA, Lemos N, King PM, Bruhaug G, Miller KG, Dorrer C, Kruschwitz B, Waxer L, Williams GJ, Ambat MV, McKie MM, Sinclair MD, Mori WB, Joshi C, Chen H, Palastro JP, Albert F, Froula DH. Microcoulomb (0.7 ± [Formula: see text] μC) laser plasma accelerator on OMEGA EP. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7498. [PMID: 33820945 PMCID: PMC8021563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86523-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser-plasma accelerators (LPAs) driven by picosecond-scale, kilojoule-class lasers can generate particle beams and x-ray sources that could be utilized in experiments driven by multi-kilojoule, high-energy-density science (HEDS) drivers such as the OMEGA laser at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE) or the National Ignition Facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. This paper reports on the development of the first LPA driven by a short-pulse, kilojoule-class laser (OMEGA EP) connected to a multi-kilojoule HEDS driver (OMEGA). In experiments, electron beams were produced with electron energies greater than 200 MeV, divergences as low as 32 mrad, charge greater than 700 nC, and conversion efficiencies from laser energy to electron energy up to 11%. The electron beam charge scales with both the normalized vector potential and plasma density. These electron beams show promise as a method to generate MeV-class radiography sources and improved-flux broadband x-ray sources at HEDS drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Shaw
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623 USA
| | - M. A. Romo-Gonzalez
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623 USA
- California State University Stanislaus, Turlock, CA 95382 USA
| | - N. Lemos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550 USA
| | - P. M. King
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550 USA
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78705 USA
| | - G. Bruhaug
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623 USA
| | - K. G. Miller
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - C. Dorrer
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623 USA
| | - B. Kruschwitz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623 USA
| | - L. Waxer
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623 USA
| | - G. J. Williams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550 USA
| | - M. V. Ambat
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623 USA
| | - M. M. McKie
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623 USA
| | - M. D. Sinclair
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - W. B. Mori
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - C. Joshi
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Hui Chen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550 USA
| | - J. P. Palastro
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623 USA
| | - F. Albert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550 USA
| | - D. H. Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623 USA
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6
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Bérard R, Makasheva K, Demyk K, Simon A, Reyes DN, Mastrorocco F, Sabbah H, Joblin C. Impact of metals on (star)dust chemistry: a laboratory astrophysics approach. Front Astron Space Sci 2021; 8:654879. [PMID: 33850840 PMCID: PMC7610582 DOI: 10.3389/fspas.2021.654879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory experiments are essential in exploring the mechanisms involved in stardust formation. One key question is how a metal is incorporated into dust for an environment rich in elements involved in stardust formation (C, H, O, Si). To address experimentally this question we have used a radiofrequency cold plasma reactor in which cyclic organosilicon dust formation is observed. Metallic (silver) atoms were injected in the plasma during the dust nucleation phase to study their incorporation in the dust. The experiments show formation of silver nanoparticles (~15 nm) under conditions in which organosilicon dust of size 200 nm or less is grown. The presence of AgSiO bonds, revealed by infrared spectroscopy, suggests the presence of junctions between the metallic nanoparticles and the organosilicon dust. Even after annealing we could not conclude on the formation of silver silicates, emphasizing that most of silver is included in the metallic nanoparticles. The molecular analysis performed by laser mass spectrometry exhibits a complex chemistry leading to a variety of molecules including large hydrocarbons and organometallic species. In order to gain insights into the involved chemical molecular pathways, the reactivity of silver atoms/ions with acetylene was studied in a laser vaporization source. Key organometallic species, Ag n C2H m (n=1-3; m=0-2), were identified and their structures and energetic data computed using density functional theory. This allows us to propose that molecular Ag-C seeds promote the formation of Ag clusters but also catalyze hydrocarbon growth. Throughout the article, we show how the developed methodology can be used to characterize the incorporation of metal atoms both in the molecular and dust phases. The presence of silver species in the plasma was motivated by objectives finding their application in other research fields than astrochemistry. Still, the reported methodology is a demonstration laying down the ground for future studies on metals of astrophysical interest such as iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Bérard
- IRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES, TOULOUSE, France
- LAPLACE, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, INPT, TOULOUSE, France
| | | | - Karine Demyk
- IRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES, TOULOUSE, France
| | - Aude Simon
- LCPQ-IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, TOULOUSE, France
| | | | | | - Hassan Sabbah
- IRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES, TOULOUSE, France
- LCAR-IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, TOULOUSE, France
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7
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Bott AFA, Tzeferacos P, Chen L, Palmer CAJ, Rigby A, Bell AR, Bingham R, Birkel A, Graziani C, Froula DH, Katz J, Koenig M, Kunz MW, Li C, Meinecke J, Miniati F, Petrasso R, Park HS, Remington BA, Reville B, Ross JS, Ryu D, Ryutov D, Séguin FH, White TG, Schekochihin AA, Lamb DQ, Gregori G. Time-resolved turbulent dynamo in a laser plasma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2015729118. [PMID: 33729988 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015729118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding magnetic-field generation and amplification in turbulent plasma is essential to account for observations of magnetic fields in the universe. A theoretical framework attributing the origin and sustainment of these fields to the so-called fluctuation dynamo was recently validated by experiments on laser facilities in low-magnetic-Prandtl-number plasmas ([Formula: see text]). However, the same framework proposes that the fluctuation dynamo should operate differently when [Formula: see text], the regime relevant to many astrophysical environments such as the intracluster medium of galaxy clusters. This paper reports an experiment that creates a laboratory [Formula: see text] plasma dynamo. We provide a time-resolved characterization of the plasma's evolution, measuring temperatures, densities, flow velocities, and magnetic fields, which allows us to explore various stages of the fluctuation dynamo's operation on seed magnetic fields generated by the action of the Biermann-battery mechanism during the initial drive-laser target interaction. The magnetic energy in structures with characteristic scales close to the driving scale of the stochastic motions is found to increase by almost three orders of magnitude and saturate dynamically. It is shown that the initial growth of these fields occurs at a much greater rate than the turnover rate of the driving-scale stochastic motions. Our results point to the possibility that plasma turbulence produced by strong shear can generate fields more efficiently at the driving scale than anticipated by idealized magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations of the nonhelical fluctuation dynamo; this finding could help explain the large-scale fields inferred from observations of astrophysical systems.
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8
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Casner A. Recent progress in quantifying hydrodynamics instabilities and turbulence in inertial confinement fusion and high-energy-density experiments. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2021; 379:20200021. [PMID: 33280557 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Since the seminal paper of Nuckolls triggering the quest of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) with lasers, hydrodynamic instabilities have been recognized as one of the principal hurdles towards ignition. This remains true nowadays for both main approaches (indirect drive and direct drive), despite the advent of MJ scale lasers with tremendous technological capabilities. From a fundamental science perspective, these gigantic laser facilities enable also the possibility to create dense plasma flows evolving towards turbulence, being magnetized or not. We review the state of the art of nonlinear hydrodynamics and turbulent experiments, simulations and theory in ICF and high-energy-density plasmas and draw perspectives towards in-depth understanding and control of these fascinating phenomena. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Prospects for high gain inertial fusion energy (part 2)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Casner
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, 33405 Talence, France
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9
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Frydrych S, Vorberger J, Hartley NJ, Schuster AK, Ramakrishna K, Saunders AM, van Driel T, Falcone RW, Fletcher LB, Galtier E, Gamboa EJ, Glenzer SH, Granados E, MacDonald MJ, MacKinnon AJ, McBride EE, Nam I, Neumayer P, Pak A, Voigt K, Roth M, Sun P, Gericke DO, Döppner T, Kraus D. Demonstration of X-ray Thomson scattering as diagnostics for miscibility in warm dense matter. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2620. [PMID: 32457297 PMCID: PMC7251136 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16426-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gas and ice giants in our solar system can be seen as a natural laboratory for the physics of highly compressed matter at temperatures up to thousands of kelvins. In turn, our understanding of their structure and evolution depends critically on our ability to model such matter. One key aspect is the miscibility of the elements in their interiors. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of X-ray Thomson scattering to quantify the degree of species separation in a 1:1 carbon-hydrogen mixture at a pressure of ~150 GPa and a temperature of ~5000 K. Our measurements provide absolute values of the structure factor that encodes the microscopic arrangement of the particles. From these data, we find a lower limit of [Formula: see text]% of the carbon atoms forming isolated carbon clusters. In principle, this procedure can be employed for investigating the miscibility behaviour of any binary mixture at the high-pressure environment of planetary interiors, in particular, for non-crystalline samples where it is difficult to obtain conclusive results from X-ray diffraction. Moreover, this method will enable unprecedented measurements of mixing/demixing kinetics in dense plasma environments, e.g., induced by chemistry or hydrodynamic instabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Frydrych
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, Darmstadt, 64289, Germany
| | - J Vorberger
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany
| | - N J Hartley
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - A K Schuster
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany
- Institute of Solid State and Materials Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - K Ramakrishna
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany
- Institute of Solid State and Materials Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - A M Saunders
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - T van Driel
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - R W Falcone
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - L B Fletcher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - E Galtier
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - E J Gamboa
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - S H Glenzer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - E Granados
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - M J MacDonald
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - A J MacKinnon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - E E McBride
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, Schenefeld, 22869, Germany
| | - I Nam
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - P Neumayer
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, Darmstadt, 64291, Germany
| | - A Pak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - K Voigt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany
- Institute of Solid State and Materials Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - M Roth
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, Darmstadt, 64289, Germany
| | - P Sun
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - D O Gericke
- Centre for Fusion, Space and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - T Döppner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - D Kraus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany.
- Institute of Solid State and Materials Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01069, Germany.
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10
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Borkowski M, Buchachenko AA, Ciuryło R, Julienne PS, Yamada H, Kikuchi Y, Takasu Y, Takahashi Y. Weakly bound molecules as sensors of new gravitylike forces. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14807. [PMID: 31616025 PMCID: PMC6794265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51346-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Several extensions to the Standard Model of particle physics, including light dark matter candidates and unification theories predict deviations from Newton's law of gravitation. For macroscopic distances, the inverse-square law of gravitation is well confirmed by astrophysical observations and laboratory experiments. At micrometer and shorter length scales, however, even the state-of-the-art constraints on deviations from gravitational interaction, whether provided by neutron scattering or precise measurements of forces between macroscopic bodies, are currently many orders of magnitude larger than gravity itself. Here we show that precision spectroscopy of weakly bound molecules can be used to constrain non-Newtonian interactions between atoms. A proof-of-principle demonstration using recent data from photoassociation spectroscopy of weakly bound Yb2 molecules yields constraints on these new interactions that are already close to state-of-the-art neutron scattering experiments. At the same time, with the development of the recently proposed optical molecular clocks, the neutron scattering constraints could be surpassed by at least two orders of magnitude.
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Grants
- 2017/25/B/ST4/01486, 2014/13/N/ST2/02591 Narodowe Centrum Nauki (National Science Centre)
- EMPIR 15SIB03 OC18 EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020)
- 353 Wroclaw University of Technology | Wroclawskie Centrum Sieciowo-Superkomputerowe, Politechnika Wroclawska (Wroclaw Network and Supercomputing Center)
- 17-13-01466 Russian Science Foundation (RSF)
- 25220711, 17H06138, 18H05405, 18H05228 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- 25220711, 17H06138, 18H05405, 18H05228 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- 25220711, 17H06138, 18H05405, 18H05228 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- 25220711, 17H06138, 18H05405, 18H05228 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- Q-LEAP Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- Q-LEAP Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- Q-LEAP Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- Q-LEAP Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- JPMJCR1673 MEXT | JST | Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST)
- JPMJCR1673 MEXT | JST | Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST)
- JPMJCR1673 MEXT | JST | Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST)
- JPMJCR1673 MEXT | JST | Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST)
- National Laboratory FAMO
- Impulsing Paradigm Changing Through Disruptive Technologies (ImPACT) program, Matsuo Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Borkowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100, Torun, Poland.
| | - Alexei A Buchachenko
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 100 Novaya Street, Skolkovo, Moscow Region, 121205, Russia
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russia
| | - Roman Ciuryło
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Paul S Julienne
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Hirotaka Yamada
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuu Kikuchi
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yosuke Takasu
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Takahashi
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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Abstract
Spectroscopic observations of exoplanets are now possible by transit methods and direct emission. Spectroscopic requirements for exoplanets are reviewed based on existing measurements and model predictions for hot Jupiters and super-Earths. Molecular opacities needed to simulate astronomical observations can be obtained from laboratory measurements, ab initio calculations or a combination of the two approaches. This discussion article focuses mainly on laboratory measurements of hot molecules as needed for exoplanet spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F. Bernath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
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