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Kim E, Choi Y, Byon I, Lee JE, Park SW. Selective internal limiting membrane peeling for prevention of secondary epiretinal membrane after vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2024; 68:216-224. [PMID: 38598145 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-024-01056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We introduce selective internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, a guideline procedure to determine whether to remove the ILM during vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series METHODS: Patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy for RRD and were followed up for 12 months or longer were included. When vitreous cortex remnants (VCRs) were detected with triamcinolone acetonide, the ILM was removed; otherwise, the ILM was preserved ("selective ILM peeling"). The factors associated with the presence of VCRs and incidence of secondary epiretinal membrane (ERM) were analyzed. RESULTS VCRs were detected in 87 of 133 eyes (65.4%) in which the ILM was removed. Younger age, better preoperative visual acuity, and vitreous hemorrhage were negatively correlated with the presence of VCRs. No ERM occurred in the eyes after ILM peeling. Among the eyes with ILM preservation, subclinical ERM was noticed in 4 eyes (8.7%), and 1 eye (2.1%) required additional surgery owing to ERM. ERM occurred more commonly in eyes with the ILM preserved (P = .004). However, no differences in the rate of additional surgeries were found between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION Selective ILM peeling offers an alternative option to reduce the burden of ILM peeling or additional surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- EunAh Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | | | - Iksoo Byon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 927 Building B, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49241, South Korea
- Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
- Lee Eye Clinic, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sung Who Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 927 Building B, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49241, South Korea.
- Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea.
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Kim S, Han K, Park S, Kim E, Song SJ. Ocular Involvement and Treatment Pattern in Korean Patients with Marfan Syndrome: A Population-Based Study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2024; 31:112-118. [PMID: 37070930 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2023.2204153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the incidence and prevalence of, and treatment patterns for ocular complications in Korean patients with Marfan syndrome. METHODS Incidence and prevalence of Marfan syndrome was calculated from 2010 to 2018, based on data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (KNHIS). Diagnosis codes (for cataract, ectopia lentis, retinal detachment, etc.) and surgery reimbursement codes (lensectomy, phacoemulsification, buckling, vitrectomy, etc.) in the patients with Marfan syndrome were retrieved by complete enumeration of the data. RESULTS The annual prevalence of Marfan syndrome adjusted by age and sex was gradually increased from 2.44 per 100,000 in 2010 to 4.36 per 100,000 in 2018. The age group of 10-19 years showed the highest prevalence. The prevalence of ectopia lentis was 21.7%, of whom 43.0% underwent surgeries. Surgery for RD was performed in 253 (14.1%) of 2044 patients during the study period. CONCLUSION Although the most prevalent ophthalmologic manifestation was ectopia lentis, total prevalence rate of RD was more than 10% in the study period; thus, regular fundus examination is recommended for the patients with Marfan syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongho Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Park
- Department of Biostatistics College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - EunAh Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inje University Haundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jeong Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Lee JH, Kim SH, Kim E. Influence of Smoking and Controlled Medical Conditions on the Risks of Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion in South Korea: A Population-Based Study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38507597 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2024.2321902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of controlled medical conditions and risk of lifetime smoking history on the prevalence of branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES) database from 2017-2021. METHODS The study population consisted of individuals aged ≥ 40 years who had completed ophthalmological questionnaires, underwent comprehensive ophthalmological examinations, and had at least one good-quality readable fundus photograph. Age, sex, hypertension status, diabetes status, dyslipidemia status, body mass index status, a history of chronic kidney disease (CKD), a lifetime smoking history of ≥ 100 cigarettes, and glaucoma were subjected to univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The estimated prevalence (± standard error) of RVO was 0.5% (±0.1%). Significant risk factors were one-year increase in age, female sex, hypertension (stage 1, controlled, uncontrolled, and undiagnosed hypertension), underweight, pre-obesity, history of CKD, lifetime smoking history of ≥ 100 cigarettes, and glaucoma. Controlled diabetes decreased the risk of BRVO by 55% (odds ratio [OR] = 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.22-0.89, p = 0.022) and controlled hyper-high-density-lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterolemia decreased the risk by 69% (OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.13-0.76, p = 0.010). CONCLUSION This study, for the first time, reported the association between lifetime smoking history of ≥ 100 cigarettes and BRVO in Korea. The risk of BRVO was lower in participants with controlled diabetes and hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hoo Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Seong Ho Kim
- Kim's Eye Hospital of Konyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - EunAh Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
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Kim E, Kwon HJ, Park SW, Byon I. Effect of topical bromfenac on intraretinal cystoid lesion in simultaneous cataract and idiopathic epiretinal membrane surgery. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:120. [PMID: 38491368 PMCID: PMC10943811 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03380-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs,) bromfenac on the intraretinal cystic lesions (IRC) when performing simultaneous cataract and idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) surgery. METHODS This study included patients with iERM who had been followed up for 6 months after vitrectomy, membrane removal, and concurrent cataract surgery. Eyes were treated with topical bromfenac or not. The baseline fluorescein angiography (FA) was obtained to assess the microvascular leakage (ML). Structural changes of macula, including IRC and central macular thickness (CMT) were assessed using optical coherence tomography (OCT). The main outcome measures were changes in IRCs and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) regarding FA findings. RESULTS One hundred eighteen eyes were included. IRC and ML were observed in 51 eyes (43.2%) and 63 eyes (53.4%), respectively. The IRC did not show any association with the ML. Of total, 29 eyes (24.6%) were treated with topical bromfenac (Group A). Compared to Group B, topical bromfenac did not show beneficial effects in aspect of preventions for the newly developed IRC and treatment for pre-existed IRC. Whether the ML existed or not, topical bromfenac did not show any different effect on the changes in BCVA and IRC. CONCLUSION When performing simultaneous cataract and ERM surgery, topical NSAIDs, bromfenac did not show beneficial effects on the preventions and treatment of IRC in both eyes with and without the ML.
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Affiliation(s)
- EunAh Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Han Jo Kwon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sung Who Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
- Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Iksoo Byon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea.
- Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea.
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Gerber E, Torrisi SB, Shabani S, Seewald E, Pack J, Hoffman JE, Dean CR, Pasupathy AN, Kim EA. High-throughput ab initio design of atomic interfaces using InterMatch. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7921. [PMID: 38040714 PMCID: PMC10692083 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Forming a hetero-interface is a materials-design strategy that can access an astronomically large phase space. However, the immense phase space necessitates a high-throughput approach for an optimal interface design. Here we introduce a high-throughput computational framework, InterMatch, for efficiently predicting charge transfer, strain, and superlattice structure of an interface by leveraging the databases of individual bulk materials. Specifically, the algorithm reads in the lattice vectors, density of states, and the stiffness tensors for each material in their isolated form from the Materials Project. From these bulk properties, InterMatch estimates the interfacial properties. We benchmark InterMatch predictions for the charge transfer against experimental measurements and supercell density-functional theory calculations. We then use InterMatch to predict promising interface candidates for doping transition metal dichalcogenide MoSe2. Finally, we explain experimental observation of factor of 10 variation in the supercell periodicity within a few microns in graphene/α-RuCl3 by exploring low energy superlattice structures as a function of twist angle using InterMatch. We anticipate our open-source InterMatch algorithm accelerating and guiding ever-growing interfacial design efforts. Moreover, the interface database resulting from the InterMatch searches presented in this paper can be readily accessed online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Gerber
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Steven B Torrisi
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Energy & Materials Division, Toyota Research Institute, Los Altos, CA, 94022, USA
| | - Sara Shabani
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Seewald
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jordan Pack
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer E Hoffman
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Cory R Dean
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Mao D, Zhang K, Kim EA. Fractionalization in Fractional Correlated Insulating States at n±1/3 Filled Twisted Bilayer Graphene. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:106801. [PMID: 37739384 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.106801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Fractionalization without time-reversal symmetry breaking is a long-sought-after goal in the study of correlated phenomena. The earlier proposal of correlated insulating states at n±1/3 filling in twisted bilayer graphene and recent experimental observations of insulating states at those fillings strongly suggest that moiré graphene systems provide a new platform to realize time-reversal symmetric fractionalized states. However, the nature of fractional excitations and the effect of quantum fluctuation on the fractional correlated insulating states are unknown. We show that excitations of the fractional correlated insulator phases in the strong coupling limit carry fractional charges and exhibit fractonic restricted mobility. Upon introduction of quantum fluctuations, the resonance of "lemniscate" structured operators drives the system into quantum lemniscate liquid (QLL) or quantum lemniscate solid (QLS). We find an emergent U(1)×U(1) 1-form symmetry unifies distinct motions of the fractionally charged excitations in the strong coupling limit and in the QLL phase, while providing a new mechanism for fractional excitations in two dimensions. We predict emergent Luttinger liquid behavior upon dilute doping in the strong coupling limit due to restricted mobility and discuss implications at a general n±1/3 filling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Mao
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, 142 Sciences Drive, Ithaca, New York 14853-2501, USA
| | - Kevin Zhang
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, 142 Sciences Drive, Ithaca, New York 14853-2501, USA
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, 142 Sciences Drive, Ithaca, New York 14853-2501, USA
- Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard, Harvard University, 10 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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Kim E, Byon I, Lee JJ, Seol YM, Kwon HJ, Park SW, Lee JE. Endogenous Endophthalmitis From a Klebsiella pneumoniae Liver Abscess: The Incidence, Risk Factors, and Utility of Imaging. Am J Ophthalmol 2023; 252:69-76. [PMID: 36963602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the rate of ophthalmologic examinations to detect endogenous endophthalmitis in patients with pyogenic liver abscesses (PLAs) and the incidence and risk factors of endophthalmitis from a PLA caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae (PLA-K). DESIGN Retrospective case series. METHODS A total of 536 patients admitted to a university hospital in Korea to treat PLAs during 2012-2022 were included. The proportion of patients who were referred for ophthalmologic examinations was investigated and the incidence of endophthalmitis in 248 patients with PLA-K was calculated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to define risk factors including demographic characteristics, underlying diseases, radiologic findings, and systemic conditions. RESULTS A comprehensive ophthalmologic examination was performed in 73.7% of all patients with PLAs, and the incidence of endophthalmitis from a PLA-K was 7.3%. A liver abscess >5 cm increased the incidence of endogenous endophthalmitis 4-fold compared with smaller abscesses (odds ratio [OR] = 4.01 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.02-15.78], P = .047) and portal or hepatic vein thrombophlebitis increased the incidence approximately 4-fold (OR = 4.04 [95% CI, 1.10-14.83], P = .036). Acute cholangitis was approximately 8-fold (OR = 8.33 [95% CI, 1.25-55.71], P = .029), and disseminated intravascular coagulation was approximately 6-fold (OR = 5.76 [95% CI, 1.22-27.21], P = .027) more related to prevalence of endophthalmitis. Other extrahepatic infections increased the incidence approximately 43-fold (OR = 43.06 [95% CI, 10.14-182.90], P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should consider the risk of endogenous endophthalmitis when PLA-K patients have large liver abscesses (>5 cm), acute cholangitis, portal or hepatic vein thrombophlebitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, or other extrahepatic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- EunAh Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology (E.K., I.B., H.J.K., S.W.P., J.E.L.), Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea; Department of Ophthalmology (E.K.), Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.
| | - Iksoo Byon
- Department of Ophthalmology (E.K., I.B., H.J.K., S.W.P., J.E.L.), Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | | | - Young Mi Seol
- Department of Internal Medicine (Y.M.S.), Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Han Jo Kwon
- Department of Ophthalmology (E.K., I.B., H.J.K., S.W.P., J.E.L.), Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sung Who Park
- Department of Ophthalmology (E.K., I.B., H.J.K., S.W.P., J.E.L.), Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology (E.K., I.B., H.J.K., S.W.P., J.E.L.), Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea; Lee Eye Clinic (J.E.L.), Busan, South Korea
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Lim YJ, Byon I, Kim HW, Park SW, Kwon HJ, Kim E. Incidence and Risk Factors of Recurrent Anterior Uveitis in Initial Acute-Onset Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease. Korean J Ophthalmol 2023; 37:299-306. [PMID: 37400085 PMCID: PMC10427900 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2023.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We report the estimated incidence of, and risk factors for, recurrent anterior uveitis in patients with initial acute-onset Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease using survival analyses. METHODS Patients who were diagnosed with initial acute-onset VKH disease during 2003-2022 at two university hospitals were included. Recurrent anterior uveitis was defined as the first occurrence of the granulomatous anterior uveitis with anterior chamber cells and flare of 2+ or more by the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Working Group grading scheme, after the disappearance of conspicuous uveitis and serous retinal detachment for at least 3 months, regardless of systemic or local treatment. The univariate log-rank test and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed, including patients' demographic characteristics, underlying diseases, presence of prodromal symptoms, duration of visual symptoms, visual acuity, slit-lamp and fundus findings, and height of serous retinal detachment. The treatment method and response to treatment were also included. RESULTS The estimated incidence was 39.3% at 10 years. Fifteen of 55 patients (27.3%) had recurrent anterior uveitis during the mean follow-up of 4.5 years. The presence of focal posterior synechiae at the diagnosis increased the risk of recurrent anterior uveitis 6.97-fold compared to the absence of synechiae (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.20-22.11; p < 0.001). Use of systemic high-dose steroid therapy more than 7 days after the development of visual symptoms resulted in a hazard ratio of 4.55 (95% CI, 1.27-16.40; p = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS This study reports the estimated incidence and risk factors of recurrent anterior uveitis in VKH disease from survival analyses. However, because of the retrospective nature of this study, it is hard to confirm the consistency of the medical records regarding risk factors, thus, the presence of focal posterior synechiae can be inconclusive as a risk factor. Further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Ju Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan,
Korea
| | - Iksoo Byon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan,
Korea
| | - Hyun Woong Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan,
Korea
| | - Sung Who Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan,
Korea
| | - Han Jo Kwon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan,
Korea
| | - EunAh Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan,
Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan,
Korea
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Kong HJ, Choi Y, Kim EA, Chang J. Vaccine Strategy That Enhances the Protective Efficacy of Systemic Immunization by Establishing Lung-Resident Memory CD8 T Cells Against Influenza Infection. Immune Netw 2023; 23:e32. [PMID: 37670808 PMCID: PMC10475829 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most influenza vaccines currently in use target the highly variable hemagglutinin protein to induce neutralizing antibodies and therefore require yearly reformulation. T cell-based universal influenza vaccines focus on eliciting broadly cross-reactive T-cell responses, especially the tissue-resident memory T cell (TRM) population in the respiratory tract, providing superior protection to circulating memory T cells. This study demonstrated that intramuscular (i.m.) administration of the adenovirus-based vaccine expressing influenza virus nucleoprotein (rAd/NP) elicited weak CD8 TRM responses in the lungs and airways, and yielded poor protection against lethal influenza virus challenge. However, a novel "prime-and-deploy" strategy that combines i.m. vaccination of rAd/NP with subsequent intranasal administration of an empty adenovector induced strong NP-specific CD8+ TRM cells and provided complete protection against influenza virus challenge. Overall, our results demonstrate that this "prime-and-deploy" vaccination strategy is potentially applicable to the development of universal influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung Kong
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Youngwon Choi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Jun Chang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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Hsieh V, Halbertal D, Finney NR, Zhu Z, Gerber E, Pizzochero M, Kucukbenli E, Schleder GR, Angeli M, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Kim EA, Kaxiras E, Hone J, Dean CR, Basov DN. Domain-Dependent Surface Adhesion in Twisted Few-Layer Graphene: Platform for Moiré-Assisted Chemistry. Nano Lett 2023; 23:3137-3143. [PMID: 37036942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Twisted van der Waals multilayers are widely regarded as a rich platform to access novel electronic phases thanks to the multiple degrees of freedom available for controlling their electronic and chemical properties. Here, we propose that the stacking domains that form naturally due to the relative twist between successive layers act as an additional "knob" for controlling the behavior of these systems and report the emergence and engineering of stacking domain-dependent surface chemistry in twisted few-layer graphene. Using mid-infrared near-field optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy, we observe a selective adhesion of metallic nanoparticles and liquid water at the domains with rhombohedral stacking configurations of minimally twisted double bi- and trilayer graphene. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the manipulation of nanoparticles located at certain stacking domains can locally reconfigure the moiré superlattice in their vicinity at the micrometer scale. Our findings establish a new approach to controlling moiré-assisted chemistry and nanoengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Hsieh
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Dorri Halbertal
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Nathan R Finney
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ziyan Zhu
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Eli Gerber
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Michele Pizzochero
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Emine Kucukbenli
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Information Systems Department, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Gabriel R Schleder
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, CNPEM, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mattia Angeli
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Efthimios Kaxiras
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - James Hone
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Cory R Dean
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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Park SB, Kim EA, Kim KY, Koh B. Induction of toxicity in human colon cells and organoids by size- and composition-dependent road dust. RSC Adv 2023; 13:2833-2840. [PMID: 36756445 PMCID: PMC9845984 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07500h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution, including the annual resurgence of particulate matter derived from road dust, is a serious issue worldwide. Typically, the size of road dust is less than 10 μm; thus, road dust can penetrate into human organs, including the brain, through inhalation and intake by mouth. Therefore, the toxicity of road dust has been intensively studied in vitro and in vivo. However, in vitro systems, including 2D cell cultures, cannot mimic complex human organs, and there are several discrepancies between in vivo and human systems. Here, we used human colon cells and organoids to evaluate the cytotoxicity of particulate matter derived from road dust. The toxicity of road dust collected in industrialized and high traffic areas and NIST urban particulate matter reference samples were evaluated in 2D and 3D human colon cells as well as colon organoids and their characteristics were carefully examined. Data suggest that the size and elemental compositions of road dust can correlate with colon organoid toxicity, and thus, a more careful assessment of the size and elemental compositions of road dust should be conducted to predict its effect on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Bum Park
- Biotechnology and Therapeutics Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- National Assembly Futures InstituteMembers Office Bldg, 1 Uisadang-daero, Yeongdeungpo-guSeoul07233Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Kim
- Biotechnology and Therapeutics Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea
| | - Byumseok Koh
- Biotechnology and Therapeutics Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea
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12
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Zhou Y, Sheng DN, Kim EA. Quantum Phases of Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Moiré Systems. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:157602. [PMID: 35499883 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.157602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Moiré systems provide a rich platform for studies of strong correlation physics. Recent experiments on heterobilayer transition metal dichalcogenide Moiré systems are exciting in that they manifest a relatively simple model system of an extended Hubbard model on a triangular lattice. Inspired by the prospect of the hetero-transition metal dichalcogenide Moiré system's potential as a solid-state-based quantum simulator, we explore the extended Hubbard model on the triangular lattice using the density matrix renormalization group. Specifically, we explore the two-dimensional phase space spanned by the key tuning parameters in the extended Hubbard model, namely, the kinetic energy strength and the further-range Coulomb interaction strengths. We find competition between Fermi fluid, chiral spin liquid, spin density wave, and charge order. In particular, our finding of the optimal further-range interaction for the chiral correlation presents a tantalizing possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Zhou
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - D N Sheng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University, Northridge, California 91330, USA
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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13
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Xie S, Faeth BD, Tang Y, Li L, Gerber E, Parzyck CT, Chowdhury D, Zhang YH, Jozwiak C, Bostwick A, Rotenberg E, Kim EA, Shan J, Mak KF, Shen KM. Strong interlayer interactions in bilayer and trilayer moiré superlattices. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabk1911. [PMID: 35333575 PMCID: PMC8956267 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk1911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Moiré superlattices constructed from transition metal dichalcogenides have demonstrated a series of emergent phenomena, including moiré excitons, flat bands, and correlated insulating states. All of these phenomena depend crucially on the presence of strong moiré potentials, yet the properties of these moiré potentials, and the mechanisms by which they can be generated, remain largely open questions. Here, we use angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with submicron spatial resolution to investigate an aligned WS2/WSe2 moiré superlattice and graphene/WS2/WSe2 trilayer heterostructure. Our experiments reveal that the hybridization between moiré bands in WS2/WSe2 exhibits an unusually large momentum dependence, with the splitting between moiré bands at the Γ point more than an order of magnitude larger than that at K point. In addition, we discover that the same WS2/WSe2 superlattice can imprint an unexpectedly large moiré potential on a third, separate layer of graphene (g/WS2/WSe2), suggesting new avenues for engineering two-dimensional moiré superlattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saien Xie
- Department of Physics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Brendan D. Faeth
- Department of Physics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Yanhao Tang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Lizhong Li
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Eli Gerber
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Christopher T. Parzyck
- Department of Physics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Debanjan Chowdhury
- Department of Physics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ya-Hui Zhang
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Jozwiak
- Advanced Light Source, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Bostwick
- Advanced Light Source, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Eli Rotenberg
- Advanced Light Source, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Department of Physics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jie Shan
- Department of Physics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, USA
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kin Fai Mak
- Department of Physics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, USA
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kyle M. Shen
- Department of Physics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, USA
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14
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Kim EA, Jung JH, Lee SY, Park SH, Kim JS. Neonatal Pneumothorax in Late Preterm and Full-Term Newborns with respiratory Distress: A Single-Center Experience. Neonatal Med 2022. [DOI: 10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the incidence rate, clinical characteristics, and perinatal outcomes of pneumothorax in late preterm and full-term newborns with respiratory distress and analyze the risk factors associated with pneumothorax.Methods: Infants born at ≥34 weeks’ gestation with respiratory distress and pneumothorax admitted between February 2014 and December 2020 were enrolled in this study. The pneumothorax group (n=36) was matched to the control group (n=144) in a 1:4 ratio, based on gestational age and birth weight. Risk factors were identified using logistic regression analysis with backward stepwise selection.Results: The incidence of pneumothorax during the study period was 1.36% (38/2,788). All patients were diagnosed with pneumothorax within 48 hours after birth, and increased oxygen demand was the most common symptom. The proportion of mortality and perinatal morbidity, such as intraventricular hemorrhage ≥grade 3, was significantly higher in the pneumothorax group than in the control group. The risk factors associated with pneumothorax were the need for positive pressure ventilation in the delivery room (odds ratio [OR], 3.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26 to 9.12; P=0.015) and a higher fraction of inspired oxygen to achieve an oxygen saturation of ≥90% on admission (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.09; P<0.001).Conclusion: Pneumothorax should be suspected in late preterm and full-term newborns with respiratory distress within the first 3 days of life. Based on these risk factors, early diagnosis can reduce perinatal mortality and morbidity.
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15
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Han JP, Kim M, Choi BS, Lee JH, Lee GS, Jeong M, Lee Y, Kim EA, Oh HK, Go N, Lee H, Lee KJ, Kim UG, Lee JY, Kim S, Chang J, Lee H, Song DW, Yeom SC. In vivo delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 using lipid nanoparticles enables antithrombin gene editing for sustainable hemophilia A and B therapy. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabj6901. [PMID: 35061543 PMCID: PMC8782450 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj6901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Hemophilia is a hereditary disease that remains incurable. Although innovative treatments such as gene therapy or bispecific antibody therapy have been introduced, substantial unmet needs still exist with respect to achieving long-lasting therapeutic effects and treatment options for inhibitor patients. Antithrombin (AT), an endogenous negative regulator of thrombin generation, is a potent genome editing target for sustainable treatment of patients with hemophilia A and B. In this study, we developed and optimized lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to deliver Cas9 mRNA along with single guide RNA that targeted AT in the mouse liver. The LNP-mediated CRISPR-Cas9 delivery resulted in the inhibition of AT that led to improvement in thrombin generation. Bleeding-associated phenotypes were recovered in both hemophilia A and B mice. No active off-targets, liver-induced toxicity, and substantial anti-Cas9 immune responses were detected, indicating that the LNP-mediated CRISPR-Cas9 delivery was a safe and efficient approach for hemophilia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Pil Han
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green BioScience and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon 25354, Korea
| | - MinJeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Woman’s University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | | | - Jeong Hyeon Lee
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green BioScience and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon 25354, Korea
| | - Geon Seong Lee
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green BioScience and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon 25354, Korea
| | - Michaela Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Woman’s University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yeji Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Woman’s University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Woman’s University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | | | - Nanyeong Go
- Toolgen Inc., Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08501, Korea
| | - Hyerim Lee
- Toolgen Inc., Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08501, Korea
| | - Kyu Jun Lee
- Toolgen Inc., Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08501, Korea
| | - Un Gi Kim
- Toolgen Inc., Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08501, Korea
| | | | | | - Jun Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Woman’s University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Hyukjin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Woman’s University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | | | - Su Cheong Yeom
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green BioScience and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon 25354, Korea
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Gwanank-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
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16
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Cha P, Patel AA, Kim EA. Strange Metals from Melting Correlated Insulators in Twisted Bilayer Graphene. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:266601. [PMID: 35029498 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.266601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Even as the understanding of the mechanism behind correlated insulating states in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene converges toward various kinds of spontaneous symmetry breaking, the metallic "normal state" above the insulating transition temperature remains mysterious, with its excessively high entropy and linear-in-temperature resistivity. In this Letter, we focus on the effects of fluctuations of the order parameters describing correlated insulating states at integer fillings of the low-energy flat bands on charge transport. Motivated by the observation of heterogeneity in the order-parameter landscape at zero magnetic field in certain samples, we conjecture the existence of frustrating extended-range interactions in an effective Ising model of the order parameters on a triangular lattice. The competition between short-distance ferromagnetic interactions and frustrating extended-range antiferromagnetic interactions leads to an emergent length scale that forms stripy mesoscale domains above the ordering transition. The gapless fluctuations of these heterogeneous configurations are found to be responsible for the linear-in-temperature resistivity as well as the enhanced low-temperature entropy. Our insights link experimentally observed linear-in-temperature resistivity and enhanced entropy to the strength of frustration or, equivalently, to the emergence of mesoscopic length scales characterizing order-parameter domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Cha
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Aavishkar A Patel
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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17
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Abstract
Abstract
With rapid progress across platforms for quantum systems, the problem of many-body quantum state reconstruction for noisy quantum states becomes an important challenge. There has been a growing interest in approaching the problem of quantum state reconstruction using generative neural network models. Here we propose the ‘attention-based quantum tomography’ (AQT), a quantum state reconstruction using an attention mechanism-based generative network that learns the mixed state density matrix of a noisy quantum state. AQT is based on the model proposed in ‘Attention is all you need’ by Vaswani et al (2017 NIPS) that is designed to learn long-range correlations in natural language sentences and thereby outperform previous natural language processing (NLP) models. We demonstrate not only that AQT outperforms earlier neural-network-based quantum state reconstruction on identical tasks but that AQT can accurately reconstruct the density matrix associated with a noisy quantum state experimentally realized in an IBMQ quantum computer. We speculate the success of the AQT stems from its ability to model quantum entanglement across the entire quantum system much as the attention model for NLP captures the correlations among words in a sentence.
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18
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Chung H, Kim EA, Chang J. A "Prime and Deploy" Strategy for Universal Influenza Vaccine Targeting Nucleoprotein Induces Lung-Resident Memory CD8 T cells. Immune Netw 2021; 21:e28. [PMID: 34522441 PMCID: PMC8410988 DOI: 10.4110/in.2021.21.e28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung-resident memory T cells (TRM) play an essential role in protecting against pulmonary virus infection. Parenteral administration of DNA vaccine is generally not sufficient to induce lung CD8 TRM cells. This study investigates whether intramuscularly administered DNA vaccine expressing the nucleoprotein (NP) induces lung TRM cells and protects against the influenza B virus. The results show that DNA vaccination poorly generates lung TRM cells and massive secondary effector CD8 T cells entering the lungs after challenge infection do not offer sufficient protection. Nonetheless, intranasal administration of non-replicating adenovirus vector expressing no Ag following priming DNA vaccination deploys NP-specific CD8 TRM cells in the lungs, which subsequently offers complete protection. This novel 'prime and deploy' strategy could be a promising regimen for a universal influenza vaccine targeting the conserved NP Ag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haerynn Chung
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Jun Chang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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19
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Kim EA. Interpretable machine learning of voluminous scattering data. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2021. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767321098536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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20
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Driskell G, Lederer S, Bauer C, Trebst S, Kim EA. Identification of Non-Fermi Liquid Physics in a Quantum Critical Metal via Quantum Loop Topography. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:046601. [PMID: 34355923 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.046601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-Fermi liquid physics is ubiquitous in strongly correlated metals, manifesting itself in anomalous transport properties, such as a T-linear resistivity in experiments. However, its theoretical understanding in terms of microscopic models is lacking, despite decades of conceptual work and attempted numerical simulations. Here we demonstrate that a combination of sign-problem-free quantum Monte Carlo sampling and quantum loop topography, a physics-inspired machine-learning approach, can map out the emergence of non-Fermi liquid physics in the vicinity of a quantum critical point (QCP) with little prior knowledge. Using only three parameter points for training the underlying neural network, we are able to robustly identify a stable non-Fermi liquid regime tracing the fans of metallic QCPs at the onset of both spin-density wave and nematic order. In particular, we establish for the first time that a spin-density wave QCP commands a wide fan of non-Fermi liquid region that funnels into the quantum critical point. Our study thereby provides an important proof-of-principle example that new physics can be detected via unbiased machine-learning approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Driskell
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Samuel Lederer
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Carsten Bauer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Simon Trebst
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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21
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Miles C, Bohrdt A, Wu R, Chiu C, Xu M, Ji G, Greiner M, Weinberger KQ, Demler E, Kim EA. Correlator convolutional neural networks as an interpretable architecture for image-like quantum matter data. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3905. [PMID: 34162847 PMCID: PMC8222395 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23952-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Image-like data from quantum systems promises to offer greater insight into the physics of correlated quantum matter. However, the traditional framework of condensed matter physics lacks principled approaches for analyzing such data. Machine learning models are a powerful theoretical tool for analyzing image-like data including many-body snapshots from quantum simulators. Recently, they have successfully distinguished between simulated snapshots that are indistinguishable from one and two point correlation functions. Thus far, the complexity of these models has inhibited new physical insights from such approaches. Here, we develop a set of nonlinearities for use in a neural network architecture that discovers features in the data which are directly interpretable in terms of physical observables. Applied to simulated snapshots produced by two candidate theories approximating the doped Fermi-Hubbard model, we uncover that the key distinguishing features are fourth-order spin-charge correlators. Our approach lends itself well to the construction of simple, versatile, end-to-end interpretable architectures, thus paving the way for new physical insights from machine learning studies of experimental and numerical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole Miles
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Annabelle Bohrdt
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), München, Germany
| | - Ruihan Wu
- Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Christie Chiu
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Princeton Center for Complex Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Muqing Xu
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Geoffrey Ji
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Markus Greiner
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Eugene Demler
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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22
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Wang Y, Balgley J, Gerber E, Gray M, Kumar N, Lu X, Yan JQ, Fereidouni A, Basnet R, Yun SJ, Suri D, Kitadai H, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Ling X, Moodera J, Lee YH, Churchill HOH, Hu J, Yang L, Kim EA, Mandrus DG, Henriksen EA, Burch KS. Modulation Doping via a Two-Dimensional Atomic Crystalline Acceptor. Nano Lett 2020; 20:8446-8452. [PMID: 33166150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional nanoelectronics, plasmonics, and emergent phases require clean and local charge control, calling for layered, crystalline acceptors or donors. Our Raman, photovoltage, and electrical conductance measurements combined with ab initio calculations establish the large work function and narrow bands of α-RuCl3 enable modulation doping of exfoliated single and bilayer graphene, chemical vapor deposition grown graphene and WSe2, and molecular beam epitaxy grown EuS. We further demonstrate proof of principle photovoltage devices, control via twist angle, and charge transfer through hexagonal boron nitride. Short-ranged lateral doping (≤65 nm) and high homogeneity are achieved in proximate materials with a single layer of α-RuCl3. This leads to the best-reported monolayer graphene mobilities (4900 cm2/(V s)) at these high hole densities (3 × 1013 cm-2) and yields larger charge transfer to bilayer graphene (6 × 1013 cm-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Wang
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Jesse Balgley
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Eli Gerber
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Mason Gray
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Narendra Kumar
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Xiaobo Lu
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Jia-Qiang Yan
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee , United States
| | - Arash Fereidouni
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Rabindra Basnet
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Seok Joon Yun
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea
| | - Dhavala Suri
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory and Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hikari Kitadai
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Xi Ling
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Jagadeesh Moodera
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Young Hee Lee
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea
| | - Hugh O H Churchill
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Jin Hu
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, United States
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - David G Mandrus
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee , United States
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Erik A Henriksen
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, United States
| | - Kenneth S Burch
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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23
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Vorotnikov IK, Vysotskaya IV, Denchik DA, Letyagin VP, Davydov MM, Kirsanov VY, Kim EA, Buseva VS. Prognostic Molecular and Biological Characteristics of Phyllodes Tumors of the Breast. Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 169:806-810. [PMID: 33098518 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-04985-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prognosis for some histological variants of a rare breast disease, phyllodes tumors, is evaluated. The prognostic potential of some molecular biological factors significantly correlating with breast cancer prognosis is evaluated on a unique clinical material (244 cases with benign, intermediate, and malignant phyllodes tumors). The development of benign phyllodes tumor relapse directly correlated with the number of G0/1-phase cells and inversely correlated with the number of cells in the G2+M and S phases. The level of steroid hormone receptors in phyllodes tumors cannot serve as a prognostic marker predicting the disease course. The presence of somatic mutations of TP53 gene and loss of heterozygosity of specific intragenic loci in the tumor correlate with the development of disease relapse (p<0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Vorotnikov
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - I V Vysotskaya
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - D A Denchik
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - V P Letyagin
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - M M Davydov
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - V Yu Kirsanov
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - E A Kim
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
| | - V S Buseva
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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24
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Cha P, Wentzell N, Parcollet O, Georges A, Kim EA. Linear resistivity and Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) spin liquid behavior in a quantum critical metal with spin-1/2 fermions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:18341-18346. [PMID: 32699148 PMCID: PMC7414094 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003179117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
"Strange metals" with resistivity depending linearly on temperature T down to low T have been a long-standing puzzle in condensed matter physics. Here, we consider a lattice model of itinerant spin-[Formula: see text] fermions interacting via onsite Hubbard interaction and random infinite-ranged spin-spin interaction. We show that the quantum critical point associated with the melting of the spin-glass phase by charge fluctuations displays non-Fermi liquid behavior, with local spin dynamics identical to that of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev family of models. This extends the quantum spin liquid dynamics previously established in the large-M limit of [Formula: see text] symmetric models to models with physical [Formula: see text] spin-[Formula: see text] electrons. Remarkably, the quantum critical regime also features a Planckian linear-T resistivity associated with a T-linear scattering rate and a frequency dependence of the electronic self-energy consistent with the marginal Fermi liquid phenomenology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Cha
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853;
| | - Nils Wentzell
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, The Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, 10010
| | - Olivier Parcollet
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, The Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, 10010
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Institut de physique théorique, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Antoine Georges
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, The Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, 10010
- Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
- Centre de Physique Théorique, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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25
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Gerber E, Yao Y, Arias TA, Kim EA. Ab Initio Mismatched Interface Theory of Graphene on α-RuCl_{3}: Doping and Magnetism. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:106804. [PMID: 32216436 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.106804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in twisted and lattice-mismatched bilayers have revealed a rich phase space of van der Waals systems and generated excitement. Among these systems are heterobilayers, which can offer new opportunities to control van der Waals systems with strong in plane correlations such as spin-orbit-assisted Mott insulator α-RuCl_{3}. Nevertheless, a theoretical ab initio framework for mismatched heterobilayers without even approximate periodicity is sorely lacking. We propose a general strategy for calculating electronic properties of such systems, mismatched interface theory (MINT), and apply it to the graphene/α-RuCl_{3} (GR/α-RuCl_{3}) heterostructure. Using MINT, we predict uniform doping of 4.77% from graphene to α-RuCl_{3} and magnetic interactions in α-RuCl_{3} to shift the system toward the Kitaev point. Hence, we demonstrate that MINT can guide targeted materialization of desired model systems and discuss recent experiments on GR/α-RuCl_{3} heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Gerber
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Tomas A Arias
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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26
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Ghosh S, Matty M, Baumbach R, Bauer ED, Modic KA, Shekhter A, Mydosh JA, Kim EA, Ramshaw BJ. One-component order parameter in URu 2Si 2 uncovered by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy and machine learning. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaaz4074. [PMID: 32181367 PMCID: PMC7060057 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz4074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The unusual correlated state that emerges in URu2Si2 below T HO = 17.5 K is known as "hidden order" because even basic characteristics of the order parameter, such as its dimensionality (whether it has one component or two), are "hidden." We use resonant ultrasound spectroscopy to measure the symmetry-resolved elastic anomalies across T HO. We observe no anomalies in the shear elastic moduli, providing strong thermodynamic evidence for a one-component order parameter. We develop a machine learning framework that reaches this conclusion directly from the raw data, even in a crystal that is too small for traditional resonant ultrasound. Our result rules out a broad class of theories of hidden order based on two-component order parameters, and constrains the nature of the fluctuations from which unconventional superconductivity emerges at lower temperature. Our machine learning framework is a powerful new tool for classifying the ubiquitous competing orders in correlated electron systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayak Ghosh
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Michael Matty
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ryan Baumbach
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Eric D. Bauer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - K. A. Modic
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden 01187, Germany
| | - Arkady Shekhter
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - J. A. Mydosh
- Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory and Institute Lorentz, Leiden University, 2300RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - B. J. Ramshaw
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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27
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Koh B, Kim EA. Comparative analysis of urban road dust compositions in relation to their potential human health impacts. Environ Pollut 2019; 255:113156. [PMID: 31563770 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the chemical components of fine urban road dust from seven sampling sites, based on which we could predict potential human health effects. The elemental compositions, including the contents of metals and volatile or semivolatile organic compounds, were determined to establish comprehensive chemical profiles of solid road dust. The chemical profiles, consisting of C: H ratio, metal contents, and relative abundances of organic compounds, provided a chemical signature for road dust. To overall cytotoxicity values ranging between 7 and 58%, water extracts contributed less than 15%, and cell death mainly occurred via direct contact with solid-phase components, which possibly indicates that the selected chemical profile of solid-phase road dust components could serve as a strong predictor for BJ and WI-38 cytotoxicity. Pure metal oxides (Cr2O3, CuO, Fe2O3, MnO2, NiO, or ZnO) exhibited a positive dose-response, and the corresponding metal contents in solid road dust were well correlated with cell viability. The principal component analysis (PCA) results suggested that the metal contents were stronger predictors of cytotoxicity than the benzene derivative or hydrocarbon contents. The chemical profiles established in this study could be further utilized to identify candidate health hazard factors in road dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byumseok Koh
- Bio Platform Technology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Chemical Safety Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; National Assembly Futures Institute, Member's Office Bldg, 1 Uisadang-daero, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07233, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Nguyen AH, Fatehi N, Romero P, Miraftabi A, Kim E, Morales E, Giaconi J, Coleman AL, Law SK, Caprioli J, Nouri-Mahdavi K. Observational Outcomes of Initial Trabeculectomy With Mitomycin C in Patients of African Descent vs Patients of European Descent: Five-Year Results. JAMA Ophthalmol 2019; 136:1106-1113. [PMID: 30027217 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2018.2897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance There is evidence that patients of African descent (AD) experience higher surgical failure rate after trabeculectomy without antimetabolites. Objective To compare outcomes of initial trabeculectomy with mitomycin C in AD patients with those of patients of European descent (ED) and to identify prognostic factors for failure. Design, Setting, and Participants In this retrospective matched cohort study, 135 eyes of 105 AD patients were matched with 135 eyes of 117 ED patients by age (within 5 years), surgeon, lens status, and follow-up time (within 1 year) from a single tertiary academic center. Interventions Initial trabeculectomy with mitomycin C. Main Outcomes and Measures Criteria A, B, and C defined qualified success rates as final intraocular pressure of 18 mm Hg or less, 15 mm Hg or less, and 12 mm Hg or less, respectively, in addition to 20% or more, 25% or more, and 30% or more reduction of intraocular pressure or reduction of 2 or more medications. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were compared with log-rank test in AD and ED patients, and Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the influence of race/ethnicity on surgical success accounting for confounding variables. Results Of the 105 AD patients, 56 (53.3%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 67.5 (10.4) years; of the 117 ED patients, 64 (54.7%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 68.2 (10.0) years. For AD patients compared with ED patients, the qualified success rates at 5 years for criteria A were 61% and 67%, respectively (difference, 7.3%; 95% CI, 4.4-10.4); for criteria B, 43% and 60% (difference, 17.6%; 95% CI, 15.2-20.0); and for criteria C, 25% and 40% (difference, 15.8%; 95% CI, 11.1-20.5). On multivariable Cox regression analyses, AD was associated with higher failure rate with criteria B and C for qualified success and with all criteria for complete success (ie, no need for medications). Incidence of bleb leaks was higher in the AD group (29 vs 11 eyes; P = .002). Additionally, AD patients required additional glaucoma surgeries more often than ED patients (47 vs 26 eyes; P = .004). Conclusions and Relevance African descent was associated with higher failure rates and higher incidence of bleb leaks after initial trabeculectomy with mitomycin C compared with European descent. If this is subsequently shown to be a cause and effect, the findings need to be considered when surgical treatment of glaucoma is contemplated in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Nguyen
- Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Nima Fatehi
- Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Pablo Romero
- Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Arezoo Miraftabi
- Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles.,Eye Research Center, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - EunAh Kim
- Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Esteban Morales
- Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - JoAnn Giaconi
- Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Anne L Coleman
- Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Simon K Law
- Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Joseph Caprioli
- Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Kouros Nouri-Mahdavi
- Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles
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29
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Romero P, Hirunpatravong P, Alizadeh R, Kim EA, Nouri-Mahdavi K, Morales E, Law SK, Caprioli J. Trabeculectomy With Mitomycin-C: Outcomes and Risk Factors for Failure in Primary Angle-closure Glaucoma. J Glaucoma 2019; 27:101-107. [PMID: 29240597 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000000842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are no reported large series of trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C (MMC) in Western patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). Our study evaluates long-term tonometric outcomes of trabeculectomy in PACG. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study. The primary outcomes were the Kaplan-Meier success rates on survival analyses using 3 criteria, with or without adjunctive medication: (A) intraocular pressure (IOP) ≤18 mm Hg and IOP reduction of 20%; (B) IOP≤15 mm Hg and IOP reduction 25%; and (C) IOP≤12 mm Hg and IOP reduction 30%. In total, 136 eyes (102 patients) with PACG who underwent trabeculectomy MMC were included. The Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for failure with multivariate analysis (P<0.05). RESULTS The qualified success rates (±SD) after 1, 3, and 5 years of follow-up for criterion A were 92% (±2.2%), 78% (±3.8%), and 72% (±4.3%); for criterion B, 86% (±3.0%), 65% (±4.4%), and 59% (±4.7%); and for criterion C, 62% (±4.2%), 40% (±4.5%), and 32% (±4.4%). Baseline factors associated with failure were: family history, absence of laser peripheral iridotomy, higher IOP, and presence of a crystalline lens. CONCLUSIONS Trabeculectomy with MMC effectively reduces IOP in PACG. Long-term IOP reduction is achieved for target IOP levels in the mid-teens. Presence of a crystalline lens, lack of iridotomy and higher preoperative IOP were associated with higher risks of failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Romero
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Reza Alizadeh
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kouros Nouri-Mahdavi
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Esteban Morales
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Simon K Law
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Joseph Caprioli
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
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30
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Zhang Y, Mesaros A, Fujita K, Edkins SD, Hamidian MH, Ch'ng K, Eisaki H, Uchida S, Davis JCS, Khatami E, Kim EA. Machine learning in electronic-quantum-matter imaging experiments. Nature 2019; 570:484-490. [PMID: 31217587 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
For centuries, the scientific discovery process has been based on systematic human observation and analysis of natural phenomena1. Today, however, automated instrumentation and large-scale data acquisition are generating datasets of such large volume and complexity as to defy conventional scientific methodology. Radically different scientific approaches are needed, and machine learning (ML) shows great promise for research fields such as materials science2-5. Given the success of ML in the analysis of synthetic data representing electronic quantum matter (EQM)6-16, the next challenge is to apply this approach to experimental data-for example, to the arrays of complex electronic-structure images17 obtained from atomic-scale visualization of EQM. Here we report the development and training of a suite of artificial neural networks (ANNs) designed to recognize different types of order hidden in such EQM image arrays. These ANNs are used to analyse an archive of experimentally derived EQM image arrays from carrier-doped copper oxide Mott insulators. In these noisy and complex data, the ANNs discover the existence of a lattice-commensurate, four-unit-cell periodic, translational-symmetry-breaking EQM state. Further, the ANNs determine that this state is unidirectional, revealing a coincident nematic EQM state. Strong-coupling theories of electronic liquid crystals18,19 are consistent with these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - A Mesaros
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, Orsay, France
| | - K Fujita
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - S D Edkins
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - M H Hamidian
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - K Ch'ng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - H Eisaki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - S Uchida
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J C Séamus Davis
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA.,Department of Physics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ehsan Khatami
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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31
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Abstract
Cooper pairs with a finite center-of-mass momentum form a remarkable state in which the superconducting order parameter is modulated periodically in space. Although intense interest in such a "pair-density wave" (PDW) state has emerged due to recent discoveries in high T c superconductors, there is little theoretical understanding of the mechanism driving this exotic state. The challenge is that many competing states lie close in energy in seemingly simple models, such as the Hubbard model, in the strongly correlated regime. Here, we show that inversion symmetry breaking and the resulting spin-valley locking can promote PDWs over more commonly found spin stripes through frustration against magnetic order. Specifically, we find the first robust evidence for a PDW within density matrix renormalization group simulation of a simple fermionic model. Our results point to a tantalizing possibility in hole-doped group VI transition metal dichalcogenides, with spin-valley locked band structure and moderate correlations.
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32
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She JH, Lawler MJ, Kim EA. Quantum Spin Liquid Intertwining Nematic and Superconducting Order in Fese. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:237002. [PMID: 30576170 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.237002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite its seemingly simple composition and structure, the pairing mechanism of FeSe remains an open problem due to several striking phenomena. Among them are nematic order without magnetic order, nodeless gap and unusual inelastic neutron spectra with a broad continuum, and gap anisotropy consistent with orbital selection of unknown origin. Here we propose a microscopic description of a nematic quantum spin liquid that reproduces key features of neutron spectra. We then study how the spin fluctuations of the local moments lead to pairing within a spin-fermion model. We find the resulting superconducting order parameter to be nodeless s±d wave within each domain. Further we show that orbital dependent Kondo-like coupling can readily capture observed gap anisotropy. Our prediction calls for inelastic neutron scattering in a detwinned sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Huang She
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Michael J Lawler
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Department of physics, Binghamton University, Vestal, New York 13850, USA
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kohn Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-4030, USA
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kohn Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-4030, USA
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33
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Patel AA, Lawler MJ, Kim EA. Coherent Superconductivity with a Large Gap Ratio from Incoherent Metals. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:187001. [PMID: 30444391 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.187001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A mysterious incoherent metallic (IM) normal state with T-linear resistivity is ubiquitous among strongly correlated superconductors. Recent progress with microscopic models exhibiting IM transport has presented the opportunity for us to study new models that exhibit direct transitions into a superconducting state out of IM states within the framework of connected Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev "quantum dots." Here, local Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev interactions within a dot produce IM transport in the normal state, while local attractive interactions drive superconductivity. Through explicit calculations, we find two features of superconductivity arising from an IM normal state. First, despite the absence of quasiparticles in the normal state, the superconducting state still exhibits coherent superfluid transport. Second, the nonquasiparticle nature of the IM Green's functions produces a large enhancement in the ratio of the zero-temperature superconducting gap Δ and transition temperature T_{SC}, 2Δ/T_{SC}, with respect to its BCS value of 3.53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aavishkar A Patel
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-4030, USA
| | - Michael J Lawler
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Department of Physics, Binghamton University, Vestal, New York 13850, USA
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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34
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Abstract
Nematicity in quantum Hall systems has been experimentally well established at excited Landau levels. The mechanism of the symmetry breaking, however, is still unknown. Pomeranchuk instability of Fermi liquid parameter F_{ℓ}≤-1 in the angular momentum ℓ=2 channel has been argued to be the relevant mechanism, yet there are no definitive theoretical proofs. Here we calculate, using the variational Monte Carlo technique, Fermi liquid parameters F_{ℓ} of the composite fermion Fermi liquid with a finite layer width. We consider F_{ℓ} in different Landau levels n=0, 1, 2 as a function of layer width parameter η. We find that unlike the lowest Landau level, which shows no sign of Pomeranchuk instability, higher Landau levels show nematic instability below critical values of η. Furthermore, the critical value η_{c} is higher for the n=2 Landau level, which is consistent with observation of nematic order in ambient conditions only in the n=2 Landau levels. The picture emerging from our work is that approaching the true 2D limit brings half-filled higher Landau-level systems to the brink of nematic Pomeranchuk instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmin Lee
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Junping Shao
- Department of Physics, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - F D M Haldane
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Edward H Rezayi
- Department of Physics, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
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35
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Venderley J, Khemani V, Kim EA. Machine Learning Out-of-Equilibrium Phases of Matter. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:257204. [PMID: 29979078 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.257204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Neural-network-based machine learning is emerging as a powerful tool for obtaining phase diagrams when traditional regression schemes using local equilibrium order parameters are not available, as in many-body localized (MBL) or topological phases. Nevertheless, instances of machine learning offering new insights have been rare up to now. Here we show that a single feed-forward neural network can decode the defining structures of two distinct MBL phases and a thermalizing phase, using entanglement spectra obtained from individual eigenstates. For this, we introduce a simplicial geometry-based method for extracting multipartite phase boundaries. We find that this method outperforms conventional metrics for identifying MBL phase transitions, revealing a sharper phase boundary and shedding new insight on the topology of the phase diagram. Furthermore, the phase diagram we acquire from a single disorder configuration confirms that the machine-learning-based approach we establish here can enable speedy exploration of large phase spaces that can assist with the discovery of new MBL phases. To our knowledge, this Letter represents the first example of a standard machine learning approach revealing new information on phase transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Venderley
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Vedika Khemani
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Amini N, Alizadeh R, Parivisutt N, Kim E, Nouri-Mahdavi K, Caprioli J. Optic Disc Image Subtraction as an Aid to Detect Glaucoma Progression. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2017; 6:14. [PMID: 29090107 PMCID: PMC5661381 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.6.5.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To present a digital image subtraction technique to alert clinicians to signs of glaucomatous optic disc progression. Methods Ninety-two glaucomatous eyes (65 patients) were included. Thirty-three eyes were identified as progressive and 59 as stable based on comparison of baseline and follow-up stereoscopic disc photographs by three masked glaucoma specialists. The disc images were aligned and converted to gray scale and underwent histogram matching to enhance contrast and account for illumination differences. The difference in image intensity between baseline and follow-up images was shown as a colormap superimposed on the grayscale follow-up image. A graded scale (1, no progression, to 5, definitive progression) was used by three masked glaucoma experts to score progression probability on the colormap images. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the classification were computed. Weighted κ statistics summarized agreement of categorical gradings. Results Median time interval between two visits was 4.4 years (range: 1.0–16.8). Clinicians detected glaucoma deterioration in 25 to 27 of the progressive group and 8 to 10 of stable eyes based on subtraction maps. Sensitivities/specificities of the clinicians were 0.76 to 0.82 and 0.86 to 0.89, respectively. Classification accuracy ranged from 81.5% to 84.8%. Agreement among clinicians was good (weighted κ = 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.60–0.77) for progression grades (1–5 scales) and was substantial (weighted κ = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.74–0.85) for binary scores. Conclusions The proposed software provides a single static image that clinicians can use with other structural/functional tests to detect glaucoma progression. Translational Relevance Provision of a subtraction colormap in the setting of electronic medical records can improve monitoring of glaucoma by alerting clinicians to possible signs of progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Amini
- Glaucoma Division, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Reza Alizadeh
- Glaucoma Division, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nucharee Parivisutt
- Glaucoma Division, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - EunAh Kim
- Glaucoma Division, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kouros Nouri-Mahdavi
- Glaucoma Division, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Caprioli
- Glaucoma Division, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Kim EA, Park JH, Han SH, Lim YY, Kong KJ, Do JY. Exploratory factor analysis of fluoride removal efficiency associated with the chemical properties of geomaterials. J Hazard Mater 2017; 334:178-184. [PMID: 28412627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the chemical properties of geomaterials in relation with their fluoride removal efficiencies from water under acidic conditions. Two types each of as-received and engineered steel slags were tested, and their F- removal efficiencies were compared with those of other common or commercially available acid spill response materials. The chemical properties of the geomaterials were analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine their surface elemental compositions and by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis to determine their surface areas. The F- removal efficiencies were calculated based on the fluoride concentrations in the remaining solutions using an ion chromatography technique. A principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to identify the dominant independent variables that influenced the F- removal efficiencies, revealing that the surface area was most closely correlated with the F- removal efficiency. A microscopic analysis of the geomaterials, conducted using an energy dispersion spectrometer technique after the F- sorption reaction had occurred revealed that the local Al, Si, or O concentration was an important latent independent variable for the F- removal efficiency. These variables had been hidden in the PCA results. Therefore, aluminosilicate-rich geomaterials with a high surface area offer primary candidates as effective sorbents for fluoride in water under acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ah Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeongro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Hye Park
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeongro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Hee Han
- POSCO, 892 Daechi 4 dong, Gangnamgu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - You Young Lim
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeongro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Jeong Kong
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeongro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Yun Do
- Pusan National University, Busandaehakro, 63 Beongil, Geumjeonggu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Despite rapidly growing interest in harnessing machine learning in the study of quantum many-body systems, training neural networks to identify quantum phases is a nontrivial challenge. The key challenge is in efficiently extracting essential information from the many-body Hamiltonian or wave function and turning the information into an image that can be fed into a neural network. When targeting topological phases, this task becomes particularly challenging as topological phases are defined in terms of nonlocal properties. Here, we introduce quantum loop topography (QLT): a procedure of constructing a multidimensional image from the "sample" Hamiltonian or wave function by evaluating two-point operators that form loops at independent Monte Carlo steps. The loop configuration is guided by the characteristic response for defining the phase, which is Hall conductivity for the cases at hand. Feeding QLT to a fully connected neural network with a single hidden layer, we demonstrate that the architecture can be effectively trained to distinguish the Chern insulator and the fractional Chern insulator from trivial insulators with high fidelity. In addition to establishing the first case of obtaining a phase diagram with a topological quantum phase transition with machine learning, the perspective of bridging traditional condensed matter theory with machine learning will be broadly valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA and Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA and Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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Kang ML, Kim EA, Jeong SY, Im GI. Angiopoietin-2 Enhances Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Stem Cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2896-2908. [PMID: 28214341 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies revealed that co-transplantation of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can enhance bone regeneration and angiogenesis. However, it is unclear which genes are involved in the regulation of osteogenesis and/or angiogenesis during the co-culturing of BMSCs and ADSCs. The expression patterns of genes associated with osteogenesis and/or angiogenesis were analyzed in osteogenesis-induced BMSCs and ADSCs using an oligonucleotide microarray. Significant difference in the expression patterns of several genes were identified from hierarchical clustering and analyzed on co-cultured BMSCs and ADSCs. Angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2) and activin receptor-like kinase-1 were significantly down-regulated in co-culture than culture of either BMSCs or ADSCs, while fibroblast growth factor-9 was significantly up-regulated in co-culture. The effect of ANGPT2 in osteogenesis-induced BMSCs was validated using recombinant protein and siRNA of ANGPT2. Treatment of the ANGPT2 protein significantly increased the expressions of osteogenic makers and the intensity of Alizarin red-S staining in BMSCs. Down-regulation of ANGPT2 significantly decreased the expression of osteogenic makers. The treatment of ANGPT2 protein to BMSCs induced significantly increased tube formation in Transwell-co-cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) compared with untreated control. ANGPT2 siRNA transfection showed the opposite effects. These results suggest that the treatment of ANGPT2 in BMSCs increase osteogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro, and that the enhancement of osteogenesis and angiogenesis in the co-cultured BMSCs and ADSCs seems to be mediated by a mechanism that makes the activation of ANGPT2 unnecessary. These observations provide the first evidence for positive regulation of osteogenesis by ANGPT2 in vitro. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2896-2908, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Lan Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Jeong
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Il Im
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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Hsu YT, Vaezi A, Fischer MH, Kim EA. Topological superconductivity in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14985. [PMID: 28397804 PMCID: PMC5394266 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Theoretically, it has been known that breaking spin degeneracy and effectively realizing spinless fermions is a promising path to topological superconductors. Yet, topological superconductors are rare to date. Here we propose to realize spinless fermions by splitting the spin degeneracy in momentum space. Specifically, we identify monolayer hole-doped transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD)s as candidates for topological superconductors out of such momentum-space-split spinless fermions. Although electron-doped TMDs have recently been found superconducting, the observed superconductivity is unlikely topological because of the near spin degeneracy. Meanwhile, hole-doped TMDs with momentum-space-split spinless fermions remain unexplored. Employing a renormalization group analysis, we propose that the unusual spin-valley locking in hole-doped TMDs together with repulsive interactions selectively favours two topological superconducting states: interpocket paired state with Chern number 2 and intrapocket paired state with finite pair momentum. A confirmation of our predictions will open up possibilities for manipulating topological superconductors on the device-friendly platform of monolayer TMDs. Conditions to realize topological superconductivity have long been known, but the materialization remains rare. Here, Hsu et al. report a strategy towards possible topological superconductivity in monolayer hole-doped transition metal dichalcogenide by splitting the spin degeneracy in momentum space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Hsu
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Abolhassan Vaezi
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4060, USA
| | - Mark H Fischer
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Cha SH, Lee JH, Kim EA, Shin CH, Jun HS, Jeon YJ. Phloroglucinol accelerates the regeneration of liver damaged by H2O2or MNZ treatment in zebrafish. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05994a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ROSs can cause oxidative damage to biological macromolecules. Particularly, liver is a vital organ in vertebrates and easily attacked by ROS. PG attenuates H2O2-induced oxidative stress, even in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Heui Cha
- College of Pharmacy
- Gachon University
- Incheon 21936
- Republic of Korea
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute
| | - Ji-Hyeok Lee
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute
- Gachon University
- Incheon 21936
- Republic of Korea
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center (KMMPC)
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research & Education
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST)
- Jeju
- Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Hyun Shin
- School of Biology
- The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- College of Pharmacy
- Gachon University
- Incheon 21936
- Republic of Korea
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- School of Marine Biomedical Sciences
- Jeju National University
- Jeju
- Republic of Korea
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Kim EA, Lee HK, Choi JH. Effects of a controlled freeze-thaw event on dissolved and colloidal soil organic matter. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:1338-1346. [PMID: 27774566 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7552-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of the freezing and thawing that accompany the warming process on the composition of the soil organic matter in the dissolved and colloidal fractions. Temperate soil samples were incubated in a refrigerator at 2 °C for 4 weeks and compared with those frozen at -20 °C in the second week followed by thawing at 2 °C to study a freeze-thaw effect with minimal effect from the thawing temperature. The freeze-thaw group was compared with those incubated at 25 °C in the last week to investigate a warming effect after thawing. Thawing at 2 °C after freezing at -20 °C increased the dissolved organic carbon (DOC), but decreased colloidal Ca. The subsequent warming condition greatly increased both DOC and colloidal Ca. The colloidal organic carbon (COC) and dissolved Ca showed rather subtle changes in response to the freeze-thaw and warming treatments compared to the changes in DOC and colloidal Ca. The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and Fourier transformation-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) results showed that the freeze-thaw and warming treatments gave the opposite effects on the compositions of dissolved humic-like substances, polysaccharides or silicates, and aliphatic alcohols. A principal component analysis (PCA) with the DOC, fluorescence EEM, and FT-IR spectra produced two principal components that successfully distinguished the effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments. Due to the contrasting effects of the freeze-thaw and warming treatments, the overall effects of freeze-thaw events in nature on the dissolved and colloidal soil organic matter could vary depending on the thawing temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ah Kim
- Center for Chemical Safety and Security, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeongro, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34114, South Korea
| | - Ha Kyung Lee
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-750, South Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Choi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-750, South Korea.
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Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is known to be a potent inflammatory mediator, especially in allergic inflammation. However, the exact role of PAF in the pathogenesis of rhinosinusitis has not been clearly established. To understand the role of PAF in the pathogenesis of rhinosinusitis, it is necessary to develop an animal model of PAF-induced rhinosinusitis. The aim of this study was to develop a rat model of rhinosinusitis induced by intranasally applied PAF. Fifty microliters of 16 μg/mL PAF was applied intranasally through each naris in 4-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats, and the same amount of vehicle was applied in control rats. At 1, 3, or 5 days, the animals were painlessly sacrificed, and the nasal cavity and sinuses were prepared for histologic investigation. The histologic sections were examined in a blind manner for the appearance of neutrophil clusters in the sinonasal air space, and the numbers of eosinophils, areas of epithelial loss, goblet cells, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)–positive inflammatory cells in the mucosa. Neutrophil clusters were observed in the air space, and the number of eosinophils, areas of epithelial loss, goblet cells, and iNOS-positive inflammatory cells in the mucosa were increased significantly in the PAF-applied rats. The amount of inflammation varied according to the time interval, showing a peak at day 3. We conclude that intranasally applied PAF induces rhinosinusitis in rats. The histologic evidence of rhinosinusitis revealed the appearance of neutrophil clusters in the sinonasal air space, infiltration of eosinophils and iNOS-positive inflammatory cells in the mucosa, areas of epithelial loss, and goblet cell hyperplasia in the epithelium. This rat model of PAF-induced rhinosinusitis may be applied for better understanding of the role of PAF in the pathogenesis of rhinosinusitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sea-Yuong Jeon
- Department of Otolaryngology, Gyeong-Sang National University Hospital, Chinju, Korea
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Kim EA, Nguyen HVM, Oh HS, Hur J, Choi JH. Influence of soil conditions on dissolved organic matter leached from forest and wetland soils: a controlled growth chamber study. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:5203-5213. [PMID: 26561321 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5740-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of various soil conditions, including drying-rewetting, nitrogen deposition, and temperature rise, on the quantities and the composition of dissolved organic matter leached from forest and wetland soils. A set of forest and wetland soils with and without the nitrogen deposition were incubated in the growth chambers under three different temperatures. The moisture contents were kept constant, except for two-week drying intervals. Comparisons between the original and the treated samples revealed that drying-rewetting was a crucial environmental factor driving changes in the amount of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The DOC was also notably increased by the nitrogen deposition to the dry forest soil and was affected by the temperature of the dry wetland soil. A parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis identified three sub-fractions of the fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) from the fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs), and their compositions depended on drying-rewetting. The data as a whole, including the DOC and PARAFAC components and other optical indices, were possibly explained by the two main variables, which were closely related with the PARAFAC components and DOC based on principal component analysis (PCA). Our results suggested that the DOC and PARAFAC component information could provide a comprehensive interpretation of the changes in the soil-leached DOM in response to the different environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ah Kim
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-750, South Korea
- Center for Chemical Safety and Security, 141 Gajeongro, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34114, South Korea
| | - Hang Vo-Minh Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-750, South Korea
| | - Hae Sung Oh
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-750, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Choi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-750, South Korea.
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Lee JW, Kim EA, Otarola F, Morales E, Yu F, Afifi AA, Nouri-Mahdavi K, Caprioli J. The Fast Component of Visual Field Decay Rate Correlates With Disc Rim Area Change Throughout the Entire Range of Glaucomatous Damage. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 56:5997-6006. [PMID: 26393466 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the longitudinal relationships between the changes in neuroretinal rim area (RA) and the slow (SC) and fast (FC) components of visual field (VF) decay at various stages of glaucoma. METHODS We divided 465 eyes of 338 patients into glaucoma suspect, and preperimetric, early, and moderate/advanced glaucoma. All patients had a minimum of 3 confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopic examinations and 4 VF tests with follow-up of 4 or more years. A pointwise exponential regression was used to perform trend analyses on thresholds at each VF test location, which was partitioned into SC and FC. A mixed effects linear model was used to explore the associations of RA change with mean deviation (MD), visual field index (VFI), SC, and FC. RESULTS Decreased RA was associated with lower mean threshold sensitivities of FC regardless of baseline severity of glaucoma (P ≤ 0.03). The mean threshold sensitivities in SC were not correlated with RA change at any stage. Decreased RA was correlated with worse MD in preperimetric, early, and moderate/advanced glaucoma (P < 0.05). Decreased RA was correlated with worse VFI in preperimetric and early glaucoma only (P ≤ 0.04). CONCLUSIONS A decrease in rim area was significantly correlated with the fast VF component regardless of the baseline severity of glaucoma. Mean deviation and VFI correlated with change of rim area only in certain stages of glaucoma. The identification of the fast component seems a more robust and useful measure of glaucomatous change than MD or VFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Woong Lee
- The Jules Stein Eye Institute David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, United States 2Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- The Jules Stein Eye Institute David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Francisco Otarola
- The Jules Stein Eye Institute David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Esteban Morales
- The Jules Stein Eye Institute David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Fei Yu
- The Jules Stein Eye Institute David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, United States 3Department of Biostatistics, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health at UCLA, Los Angeles, C
| | - Abdelmonem A Afifi
- Department of Biostatistics, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Kouros Nouri-Mahdavi
- The Jules Stein Eye Institute David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Joseph Caprioli
- The Jules Stein Eye Institute David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, United States
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Kim EA, Kim YH, Kang HW, Yoon HY, Kim WT, Kim YJ, Yun SJ, Moon SK, Choi YH, Kim IY, Lee SC, Kim WJ. Lower Levels of Human MOB3B Are Associated with Prostate Cancer Susceptibility and Aggressive Clinicopathological Characteristics. J Korean Med Sci 2015; 30:937-42. [PMID: 26130958 PMCID: PMC4479949 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2015.30.7.937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mps one binder (MOB) proteins are integral components of signaling pathways that control important cellular processes, such as mitotic exit, centrosome duplication, apoptosis, and cell proliferation. However, the biochemical and cellular functions of the human MOB (hMOB) protein family remain largely unknown. The present study investigated the association between hMOB3B expression and clinicopathological characteristics of prostate cancer (PCa).Study subjects included 137 PCa patients and 137 age-matched benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients. hMOB3B expression was estimated using real-time PCR and compared with clinicopathological parameters of PCa. hMOB3B mRNA expression was significantly lower in PCa tissues than in BPH control tissues (P<0.001). According to receiver operating characteristics curve analysis, the sensitivity of hMOB3B expression for PCa diagnosis was 84.7%, with a specificity of 86% (AUC=0.910; 95% CI=0.869-0.941; P<0.001). hMOB3B expression was significantly lower in patients with elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels (≥10 ng/mL), a Gleason score≥8, and metastatic disease (any T, N+/M+) than in those with low PSA levels, a low Gleason score, and non-metastatic disease (each P<0.05). In conclusion, low levels of hMOB3B are closely associated with aggressive clinicopathologic features in patients with PCa. Our results suggest that hMOB3B may act as a tumor suppressor in human PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ah Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ye-Hwan Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ho Won Kang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hyung-Yoon Yoon
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Won Tae Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Yong-June Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seok-Joong Yun
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sung-Kwon Moon
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biomaterial Control, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea
| | - Isaac Yi Kim
- Section of Urological Oncology, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sang-Cheol Lee
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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Shao J, Kim EA, Haldane FDM, Rezayi EH. Entanglement Entropy of the ν=1/2 Composite Fermion Non-Fermi Liquid State. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:206402. [PMID: 26047244 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.206402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The so-called "non-Fermi liquid" behavior is very common in strongly correlated systems. However, its operational definition in terms of "what it is not" is a major obstacle for the theoretical understanding of this fascinating correlated state. Recently there has been much interest in entanglement entropy as a theoretical tool to study non-Fermi liquids. So far explicit calculations have been limited to models without direct experimental realizations. Here we focus on a two-dimensional electron fluid under magnetic field and filling fraction ν=1/2, which is believed to be a non-Fermi liquid state. Using a composite fermion wave function which captures the ν=1/2 state very accurately, we compute the second Rényi entropy using the variational Monte Carlo technique. We find the entanglement entropy scales as LlogL with the length of the boundary L as it does for free fermions, but has a prefactor twice that of free fermions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Shao
- Department of Physics, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - F D M Haldane
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Edward H Rezayi
- Department of Physics, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
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Kim EK, Kim EH, Kim EA, Lee KA, Shin JE, Kwon H. Comparison of the effect of different media on the clinical outcomes of the density-gradient centrifugation/swim-up and swim-up methods. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2015; 42:22-9. [PMID: 25874170 PMCID: PMC4390677 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2015.42.1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Sperm must be properly prepared in in vitro fertilization (IVF)-embryo transfer (ET) programs in order to control the fertilization rate and ensure that embryos are of high quality and have appropriate developmental abilities. The objective of this study was to determine the most optimal sperm preparation method for IVF. Methods Patients less than 40 years of age who participated in a fresh IVF-ET cycle from November 2012 to March 2013 were included in this study. Poor responders with less than three mature oocytes were excluded. Ham's F-10 medium or sperm-washing medium (SWM) was used in combination with the density-gradient centrifugation/swim-up (DGC-SUP) or SUP methods for sperm preparation. A total of 429 fresh IVF-ET cycles were grouped according to the media and methods used for sperm preparation and retrospectively analyzed (DGC-SUP/Ham's F-10, n=82; DGC-SUP/SWM, n=43; SUP/Ham's F-10, n=181; SUP/SWM, n=123). Results There were no significant differences among these four groups with respect to the mean age of the female partners, duration of infertility, number of previous IVF cycles, and retrieved oocytes. We determined that both the DGC-SUP and SUP methods for sperm preparation from whole semen, using either Ham's F-10 or SWM media, result in comparable clinical outcomes, including fertilization and pregnancy rates. Conclusion We suggest that both media and both methods for sperm preparation can be used for selecting high-quality sperm for assistive reproductive technology programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Kim
- Fertility Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Kim
- Fertility Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Fertility Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Shin
- Fertility Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea. ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hwang Kwon
- Fertility Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea. ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
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Lee JW, Morales E, Yu F, Afifi AA, Kim EA, Abdollahi N, Nouri-Mahdavi K, Caprioli J. Effect of cataract extraction on the visual field decay rate in patients with glaucoma. JAMA Ophthalmol 2015; 132:1296-302. [PMID: 25078978 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2014.2326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE A visual field parameter that is resistant to cataract formation and extraction would help monitor glaucomatous visual field progression in patients with coexisting glaucoma and cataract. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of cataract surgery on the slow and fast components of visual field decay in a group of patients with glaucoma. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Retrospective, interventional, longitudinal study. Eighty-five eyes of 68 patients with open-angle glaucoma who had cataract extraction were included. All patients had 5 or more reliable visual field measurements before and after surgery. INTERVENTIONS A pointwise exponential regression was used to perform trend analysis on thresholds at visual field test locations before and after cataract surgery. The test locations were ranked according to the decay rate and were partitioned into slow and fast groups. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The slow and fast visual field rate components were measured before and after cataract surgery and were compared. Linear regressions of the mean deviation and the visual field parameter were performed against time and were compared before and after surgery. RESULTS The mean (SD) mean deviation was -5.5 (5.1) dB before cataract surgery and -5.0 (4.9) dB after cataract surgery (P = .002). The mean (SD) Visual Field Index was 86.4% (13.5%) before cataract surgery and 86.6% (13.3%) after cataract surgery (P = .30). The mean (SD) slow component rate decreased from 0.48% (0.73%) per year before surgery to 0.26% (0.42%) per year after surgery (P = .04). No statistically significant difference was identified in the fast component mean (SD) rate per year before surgery (3.37% [4.05%]) vs per year after surgery (3.46% [3.56%]) (P = .29). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Cataract progression seems to be the main determinant for the slow visual field rate component and does not change the fast visual field rate component. We conclude that the method used can help reduce the confounding effects of cataract progression and cataract extraction on measured perimetric progression in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Woong Lee
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California2Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Esteban Morales
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Fei Yu
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California3Department of Biostatistics, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health at the University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Abdelmonem A Afifi
- Department of Biostatistics, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health at the University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Niloufar Abdollahi
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kouros Nouri-Mahdavi
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joseph Caprioli
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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Shin J, Lee JW, Kim EA, Caprioli J. The effect of corneal biomechanical properties on rebound tonometer in patients with normal-tension glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 2015; 159:144-54. [PMID: 25308786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of corneal biomechanical properties on intraocular pressure (IOP) measured with the ICare, and to compare IOP readings obtained with ICare, Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA), and Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and normal subjects. DESIGN Prospective, cross-sectional, comparative study. METHODS IOP was measured with ICare, ORA, and GAT. All subjects had corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF), which were measured with ORA; and central corneal thickness (CCT), axial length, spherical equivalent, and keratometry. RESULTS This study enrolled 97 eyes of 97 NTG patients and 89 eyes of 89 normal subjects. CCT, CH, and CRF in NTG patients were significantly lower than those in normal subjects (P = .033, P = .006, and P = .003). The difference in IOP between techniques was highly significant in NTG patients (P < .001), while there was no significant difference in IOP values between techniques in normal controls (P = .931). ICare readings were significantly lower than corneal-compensated IOP in NTG patients (P = .014). CH and CRF were significantly associated with IOP measurements with ICare in NTG and normal subjects (P < .001). The greater difference between IOPcc and ICare in NTG patients was significantly influenced by the lower CH (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Since ICare is a convenient way to measure IOP, ICare is a reasonable option as an alternative tonometer in NTG patients. However, the clinician must consider that the corneal biomechanical characteristics in NTG can cause ICare to underestimate IOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghoon Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ji-Woong Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea; Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea; The Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- The Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joseph Caprioli
- The Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
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