1
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In-syringe dispersive micro-solid phase extraction method for the HPLC-fluorescence determination of aflatoxins in milk. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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2
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Multiclass Comparative Analysis of Veterinary Drugs, Mycotoxins, and Pesticides in Bovine Milk by Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Hybrid Quadrupole-Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030331. [PMID: 35159483 PMCID: PMC8834082 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A multiclass and multiresidue method for simultaneously screening and confirming veterinary drugs, mycotoxins, and pesticides in bovine milk was developed and validated with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–hybrid quadrupole–linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Qtrap-MS). A total of 209 targeted contaminants were effectively extracted using an optimized QuEChERS method. Quantitative and qualitative confirmation were achieved simultaneously by multiple reaction monitoring–information-dependent acquisition–enhanced product ion (MRM-IDA-EPI) scan mode. The validation results exhibited a good sensitivity with the LOQs of 0.05–5 μg/kg, which was satisfactory for their MRLs in China or EU. The recoveries of in-house spiked samples were in the range of 51.20–129.76% with relative standard deviations (RSD) between replicates (n = 3) 0.82% and 19.76%. The test results of 140 milk samples from supermarkets and dairy farms in China showed that cloxacillin, aflatoxin M1, acetamiprid, and fipronil sulfone were found with lower concentrations. Combined with the residue results from the literature, penicillin G and cloxacillin (beta-lactams), enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolones), and sulfamerazine (sulfonamides) were more frequently detected in different countries and need to receive more attention regarding their monitoring and control.
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3
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Pandey AK, Shakya S, Patyal A, Ali SL, Bhonsle D, Chandrakar C, Kumar A, Khan R, Hattimare D. Detection of aflatoxin M 1 in bovine milk from different agro-climatic zones of Chhattisgarh, India, using HPLC-FLD and assessment of human health risks. Mycotoxin Res 2021; 37:265-273. [PMID: 34296388 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-021-00437-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Concerns regarding food safety and 'One Health' are increasing globally. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), a human carcinogenic toxin, is excreted by lactating animals in their milk after consumption of feed contaminated with aflatoxin B1. The present cross-sectional study aimed to determine the occurrence of AFM1 in cattle and buffalo milk produced in rural and peri-urban areas under different agro-climatic conditions of Chhattisgarh, India, and assesses human health risks. Analyses of 545 milk samples by validated high-performance liquid chromatography revealed high level of AFM1 contamination in 224 (41.1%) samples with mean concentration of 0.137 ± 0.029 μg/L. Statistically significant differences (p< 0.05) were observed in the levels and frequency of AFM1 occurrence among different agro-climatic zones. AFM1 was more frequently detected in milk samples from Northern hills (64%) followed by Bastar plateau (40.7%) and Chhattisgarh plain (27.3%), with mean concentration levels of 0.396 ± 0.099 μg/L, 0.081 ± 0.025 μg/L and 0.013 ± 0.002 μg/L, respectively. Species wise no significant difference was observed in the detection frequency and concentration of AFM1 in milk from cattle and buffalo. AFM1 contamination above maximum permissible limits established by European commission and Food Safety and Standard Authority of India was detected in 21.3% and 4.4% of samples, respectively. The estimated daily intakes for AFM1 were found to be higher than tolerable daily intakes for both adults and children, especially of Northern hills implying a potentially high risk to consumer's health. This study provides valuable information on the contamination status of milk in one of the fastest developing state of India. It also highlights the importance and need for continuous farmers' awareness on good animal husbandry practices, routine surveillance of mycotoxins in animal feeds and food commodities to safeguard human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeet Kumar Pandey
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, CGKV, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491001, India
| | - Sanjay Shakya
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, CGKV, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491001, India.
| | - Anil Patyal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, CGKV, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491001, India
| | - Syed Liaquat Ali
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, CGKV, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491001, India
| | - Dhirendra Bhonsle
- Department of Livestock Production and Management, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, CGKV, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491001, India
| | - Choodamani Chandrakar
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, CGKV, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491001, India
| | - Atul Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, DGCN College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSKHPKV, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176062, India
| | - Rizwan Khan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, CGKV, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491001, India
| | - Diksha Hattimare
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, CGKV, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491001, India
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4
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Zhang K, Banerjee K. A Review: Sample Preparation and Chromatographic Technologies for Detection of Aflatoxins in Foods. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E539. [PMID: 32825718 PMCID: PMC7551558 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12090539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a class of mycotoxins with regulatory and public health significance, aflatoxins (e.g., aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2) have attracted unparalleled attention from government, academia and industry due to their chronic and acute toxicity. Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites of various Aspergillus species, which are ubiquitous in the environment and can grow on a variety of crops whereby accumulation is impacted by climate influences. Consumption of foods and feeds contaminated by aflatoxins are hazardous to human and animal health, hence the detection and quantification of aflatoxins in foods and feeds is a priority from the viewpoint of food safety. Since the first purification and identification of aflatoxins from feeds in the 1960s, there have been continuous efforts to develop sensitive and rapid methods for the determination of aflatoxins. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on advances in aflatoxins analysis and highlights the importance of sample pretreatments, homogenization and various cleanup strategies used in the determination of aflatoxins. The use of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), solid phase extraction (SPE) and immunoaffinity column clean-up (IAC) and dilute and shoot for enhancing extraction efficiency and clean-up are discussed. Furthermore, the analytical techniques such as gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), mass spectrometry (MS), capillary electrophoresis (CE) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) are compared in terms of identification, quantitation and throughput. Lastly, with the emergence of new techniques, the review culminates with prospects of promising technologies for aflatoxin analysis in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- US Food and Drug Administration/Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune 412307, India;
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5
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Rizzo S, Russo M, Labra M, Campone L, Rastrelli L. Determination of Chloramphenicol in Honey Using Salting-Out Assisted Liquid-Liquid Extraction Coupled with Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Validation According to 2002/657 European Commission Decision. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153481. [PMID: 32751851 PMCID: PMC7435715 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey is a natural food widely consumed due to its high content in nutrients and bioactive substances. In order to prevent hive infections, xenobiotics such as pesticides and antibiotics are commonly used. Chloramphenicol (CAP) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat honeybee larvae diseases. However, CAP has toxic and nondose-dependent effects in sensitive subjects; for this reason, its use has been prohibited in food-producing animals, such as the honeybee. In this study, we proposed a rapid, simple, and cheap analytical method, based on salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction coupled with UHPLC MS/MS detection for the accurate determination of CAP in honey to be used in routine analyses. The parameters that influence the extraction efficiency have been optimized using an experimental design in order to maximize the recovery of the analyte by reducing the matrix effects. Therefore, the developed method was internally validated according to the 2002/657/EC Decision guidelines and applied to the analysis of 96 honey samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Rizzo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (S.R.); (L.R.)
| | - Mariateresa Russo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Food Chemistry, Safety and Sensoromic Laboratory (FoCuSS Lab), University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Via Melissari, 89124 Reggio Calabria (RC), Italy;
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza, 20126 Milano, Italy;
| | - Luca Campone
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza, 20126 Milano, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-64483330
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (S.R.); (L.R.)
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Ekeanyanwu CL, Alisi CS, Ekeanyanwu RC. Levels of Aflatoxin M1 and selected heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Fe, As, and Hg) in the breast milk of lactating mothers in South Eastern, Nigeria. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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Xie J, Fang X, Dai X, Shao B, Li J, Jiang Y, Yao K, Wang S, Xia X, Jiang H. Antibody-functionalized reduced graphene oxide films for highly selective capture and purification of aflatoxins. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:193. [PMID: 30778686 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pyrenylbutyric acid and streptavidin were coupled to films of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and then conjugated to a biotinylated broad-spectrum monoclonal antibody against aflatoxins (AFs). It is shown that such films can efficiently and selectively capture AFs inculding AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, AFM1 and AFM2. The rGO films were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and raman spectroscopy. The selectivity and purification performance of the antibody-loaded rGO films were investigated. They were applied to the purification of extremely small samples (100 μL) of AFs-spiked rabbit serum after enzymatic hydrolysis. The AFs were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The limits of detection for the six AFs investigated ranged from 50 to 170 pg·mL-1. The average recoveries of AFs in spiked rabbit serum samples ranged from 55% to 75%, with relative standard deviations of less than 9.4%. Graphical abstract Design of a multifunctional sandwich film that consists of a reduced graphene oxide film base, a pyrenylbutyric acid middle layer and a broad-specificity anti-AF monoclonal antibody surface layer. It was successfully applied to the determination of aflatoxins in only 100 μL of rabbit serum samples with satisfactory selectivity and acceptable accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xie
- Mass Spectrometry Engineering Technology Research Center, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Fang
- Mass Spectrometry Engineering Technology Research Center, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Dai
- Mass Spectrometry Engineering Technology Research Center, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Shao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiancheng Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - You Jiang
- Mass Spectrometry Engineering Technology Research Center, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Yao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihan Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Xia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Applications and opportunities of experimental design for the dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method – A review. Talanta 2018; 190:335-356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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9
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Hamed AM, Abdel-Hamid M, Gámiz-Gracia L, García-Campaña AM, Arroyo-Manzanares N. Determination of Aflatoxins in Plant-based Milk and Dairy Products by Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction and High-performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2018.1467434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Hamed
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Laura Gámiz-Gracia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana M. García-Campaña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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10
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Smolko V, Shurpik D, Porfireva A, Evtugyn G, Stoikov I, Hianik T. Electrochemical Aptasensor Based on Poly(Neutral Red) and Carboxylated Pillar[5]arene for Sensitive Determination of Aflatoxin M1. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Smolko
- Analytical Chemistry Department of Kazan Federal University; Kremlevskaya, 18 420008 Kazan Russian Federation
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics; Comenius University, Mlynska dolina F1; 842 48 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Dmitry Shurpik
- Organic Chemistry Department of Kazan Federal University; Kremlevskaya, 18 420008 Kazan Russian Federation
| | - Anna Porfireva
- Analytical Chemistry Department of Kazan Federal University; Kremlevskaya, 18 420008 Kazan Russian Federation
| | - Gennady Evtugyn
- Analytical Chemistry Department of Kazan Federal University; Kremlevskaya, 18 420008 Kazan Russian Federation
| | - Ivan Stoikov
- Organic Chemistry Department of Kazan Federal University; Kremlevskaya, 18 420008 Kazan Russian Federation
| | - Tibor Hianik
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics; Comenius University, Mlynska dolina F1; 842 48 Bratislava Slovakia
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11
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Campone L, Piccinelli AL, Celano R, Pagano I, Di Sanzo R, Carabetta S, Russo M, Rastrelli L. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in milk samples from Italy analysed by online-SPE UHPLC-MS/MS. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:1803-1808. [PMID: 29149806 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1402327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in 69 milk samples collected in a south region of Italy in 2016 was evaluated. The samples were analysed using an automated method based on online SPE coupled with UHPLC tandem mass spectrometry. After a salt induced liquid-liquid extraction with acetonitrile to remove protein from milk, the extract was diluted with water and analysed using an automated online SPE MS/MS method. Among the analysed samples no one had AFM1 higher than the legally allowable limits whereas 71.4% of the other analysed samples were above the LOD of the method. The highest contamination level of AFM1 was found in pasteurised milk (44.39 ng kg-1). The results show the worrying and widespread of AFM1 contamination, highlighting the necessity of monitoring studies in order to evaluate the reduction of the maximum legal limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Campone
- a Department of Agricolture , Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria , Reggio Calabria , Italy.,b Department of Pharmacy , Università degli studi di Salerno , Fisciano , Italy
| | | | - Rita Celano
- b Department of Pharmacy , Università degli studi di Salerno , Fisciano , Italy
| | - Imma Pagano
- b Department of Pharmacy , Università degli studi di Salerno , Fisciano , Italy
| | - Rosa Di Sanzo
- a Department of Agricolture , Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria , Reggio Calabria , Italy
| | - Sonia Carabetta
- a Department of Agricolture , Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria , Reggio Calabria , Italy
| | - Mariateresa Russo
- a Department of Agricolture , Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria , Reggio Calabria , Italy
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- b Department of Pharmacy , Università degli studi di Salerno , Fisciano , Italy
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12
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Escrivá L, Manyes L, Font G, Berrada H. Mycotoxin Analysis of Human Urine by LC-MS/MS: A Comparative Extraction Study. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9100330. [PMID: 29048356 PMCID: PMC5666377 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9100330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The lower mycotoxin levels detected in urine make the development of sensitive and accurate analytical methods essential. Three extraction methods, namely salting-out liquid–liquid extraction (SALLE), miniQuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe), and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME), were evaluated and compared based on analytical parameters for the quantitative LC-MS/MS measurement of 11 mycotoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, OTA, ZEA, BEA, EN A, EN B, EN A1 and EN B1) in human urine. DLLME was selected as the most appropriate methodology, as it produced better validation results for recovery (79–113%), reproducibility (RSDs < 12%), and repeatability (RSDs < 15%) than miniQuEChERS (71–109%, RSDs <14% and <24%, respectively) and SALLE (70–108%, RSDs < 14% and < 24%, respectively). Moreover, the lowest detection (LODS) and quantitation limits (LOQS) were achieved with DLLME (LODs: 0.005–2 μg L−1, LOQs: 0.1–4 μg L−1). DLLME methodology was used for the analysis of 10 real urine samples from healthy volunteers showing the presence of ENs B, B1 and A1 at low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Escrivá
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andres Estelles s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Lara Manyes
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andres Estelles s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Guillermina Font
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andres Estelles s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Houda Berrada
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andres Estelles s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
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13
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Li H, Yang D, Li P, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Ding X, Mao J, Wu J. Palladium Nanoparticles-Based Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Aptasensor for Highly Sensitive Detection of Aflatoxin M₁ in Milk. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9100318. [PMID: 29027938 PMCID: PMC5666365 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly sensitive aptasensor for aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) detection was constructed based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between 5-carboxyfluorescein (FAM) and palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs). PdNPs (33 nm) were synthesized through a seed-mediated growth method and exhibited broad and strong absorption in the whole ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) range. The strong coordination interaction between nitrogen functional groups of the AFM1 aptamer and PdNPs brought FAM and PdNPs in close proximity, which resulted in the fluorescence quenching of FAM to a maximum extent of 95%. The non-specific fluorescence quenching caused by PdNPs towards fluorescein was negligible. After the introduction of AFM1 into the FAM-AFM1 aptamer-PdNPs FRET system, the AFM1 aptamer preferentially combined with AFM1 accompanied by conformational change, which greatly weakened the coordination interaction between the AFM1 aptamer and PdNPs. Thus, fluorescence recovery of FAM was observed and a linear relationship between the fluorescence recovery and the concentration of AFM1 was obtained in the range of 5–150 pg/mL in aqueous buffer with the detection limit of 1.5 pg/mL. AFM1 detection was also realized in milk samples with a linear detection range from 6 pg/mL to 150 pg/mL. The highly sensitive FRET aptasensor with simple configuration shows promising prospect in detecting a variety of food contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Daibin Yang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Quality Inspection & Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Quality Inspection & Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Quality Inspection & Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Ding
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Quality Inspection & Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Jin Mao
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Jing Wu
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
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14
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Shuib NS, Makahleh A, Salhimi SM, Saad B. Determination of aflatoxin M 1 in milk and dairy products using high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence with post column photochemical derivatization. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1510:51-56. [PMID: 28668367 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The determination of aflatoxin M1 in milk using high performance liquid chromatography with photochemical post-column derivatization and fluorescence detection is described. The samples were first extracted and clean-up using the immunoaffinity AFLATEST column originally targeted for aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2. The separation of aflatoxin M1 were performed using C18 Hypersil gold (150mm×4.6mm, 5μm) column at 40°C under isocratic elution. Fluorescence detector (FLD) was set at 360nm and 440nm as excitation and emission, respectively. The use of methanol to replace acetonitrile as the mobile phase resulted in ∼67% peak area enhancement of AFM1. The limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of the analytical method after post-column derivatization without evaporation/reconstitution with mobile phase was 0.0085μgL-1 and 0.025μgL-1 respectively. However, LOD and LOQ improved to 0.002 and 0.004μgL-1 respectively with the addition of evaporation/reconstitution step. The method was statistically validated, showing linear response (R2>0.999), good recoveries (85.2-107.0%) and relative standard deviations (RSD) were found to be ≤7%. The proposed method was applied to determine AFM1 contamination in various types of milk and milk products. Only 2 samples were contaminated with aflatoxin M1 (10% incidence). However, the contamination level is below the Malaysian and European legislation limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Shifa Shuib
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; Mycotoxin Analytical Centre, Chemistry Department, Penang Branch, Jalan Tull, 10450, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Makahleh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Bahruddin Saad
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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15
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Ketney O, Santini A, Oancea S. Recent aflatoxin survey data in milk and milk products: A review. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Otto Ketney
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Food Industry and Environmental Protection; ‘Lucian Blaga’ University of Sibiu; Bulevardul Victoriei 10 Sibiu 550024 Romania
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Napoli Federico II; Via D. Montesano 49 - 80131 Napoli Italy
| | - Simona Oancea
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Food Industry and Environmental Protection; ‘Lucian Blaga’ University of Sibiu; Bulevardul Victoriei 10 Sibiu 550024 Romania
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16
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Shao D, Imerman PM, Schrunk DE, Ensley SM, Rumbeiha WK. Intralaboratory development and evaluation of a high-performance liquid chromatography–fluorescence method for detection and quantitation of aflatoxins M1, B1, B2, G1, and G2 in animal liver. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 28:646-655. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638716668217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins are potent mycotoxins with effects that include hepatotoxicity, immunosuppression, and suppression of animal growth and production. The etiologic diagnosis of aflatoxicosis, which is largely based on analysis of contaminated feed matrices, has significant disadvantages given the fact that representative feed samples may not be available and feed-based test methods are not confirmatory of an etiologic diagnosis. A tissue-based analytical method for biomarkers of exposure would be valuable for confirmation of aflatoxicosis. We describe in-house development and evaluation of a high-performance liquid chromatographic method with fluorescence detection and precolumn derivatization for determination of aflatoxins M1, B1, B2, G1, and G2 in animal liver. The method demonstrates good selectivity for the tested aflatoxins in the liver matrix. The overall range was 0.03–0.10 ng/g for limit of detection and 0.09–0.18 ng/g for limit of quantitation. The correlation coefficient ( R2) of calibration curves was >0.9978 for AFM1, 0.9995 for AFB1, 0.9986 for AFB2, 0.9983 for AFG1, and 0.9980 for AFG2. For fortification levels of 0.2–10 ng/g, repeatability was 10–18% for AFM1, 7–14% for AFB1, 5–14% for AFB2, 6–16% for AFG1, and 10–15% for AFG2. Recovery was 52–57% for AFM1, 54–62% for AFB1, 55–61% for AFB2, 57–67% for AFG1, and 61–65% for AFG2. There was no liver matrix effect found. The method is rugged against minor changes based on the selected factors. The results indicate that the proposed method is suitable for quantitative determination of aflatoxins M1, B1, B2, G1, and G2 in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Shao
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Paula M. Imerman
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Dwayne E. Schrunk
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Steve M. Ensley
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Wilson K. Rumbeiha
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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17
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Determination of Aflatoxins in Yogurt by Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction and HPLC with Photo-Induced Fluorescence Detection. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Tolosa J, Font G, Mañes J, Ferrer E. Multimycotoxin analysis in water and fish plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 145:402-408. [PMID: 26694790 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for the determination of 15 mycotoxins in water and fish plasma samples, including aflatoxins, fumonisins, ochratoxin A, sterigmatocistin, fusarenon-X and emerging Fusarium mycotoxins. In this work, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was assessed as a sample treatment for the simultaneous extraction of mycotoxins. Results showed differences in recovery assays when different extraction solvents were employed. Ethyl acetate showed better recoveries for the major part of mycotoxins analyzed, except for aflatoxins B2, G1 and G2, which showed better recoveries when employing chloroform as extractant solvent. Fumonisins and beauvericin exhibited low recoveries in both water and plasma. This method was validated according to guidelines established by European Commission and has shown to be suitable to be applied in dietary and/or toxicokinetic studies in fish where is necessary to check mycotoxin contents in rearing water and fish plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tolosa
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenue Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - G Font
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenue Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - J Mañes
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenue Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - E Ferrer
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenue Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
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19
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Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction in the Analysis of Milk and Dairy Products: A Review. J CHEM-NY 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/4040165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) is an extraction technique developed within the last decade, which involves the dispersion of fine droplets of extraction solvent in an aqueous sample. Partitioning of analytes into the extraction phase is instantaneous due to the very high collective surface area of the droplets. This leads to very high enrichment factors and very low solvent consumption, relative to other liquid or solid phase extraction methods. A comprehensive review of the various modes of DLLME in the analysis of organic and inorganic analytes in dairy products (milk, cheese, infant formula, yogurt, and breast milk) is presented here. Dairy products present a complex sample matrix and the removal of interfering matrix components can prove troublesome. This review focuses on sample pretreatment prior to the appropriate DLLME procedure, the extraction and dispersive solvents chosen, derivatisation methods, and analytical figures of merit. Where possible, a critical comparison of DLLME methods has been undertaken. The overall suitability, and limitations, of DLLME as a sample preparation technique for dairy products has been assessed.
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20
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Campone L, Piccinelli AL, Celano R, Pagano I, Russo M, Rastrelli L. Rapid and automated analysis of aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products by online solid phase extraction coupled to ultra-high-pressure-liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1428:212-9. [PMID: 26589945 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.10.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study reports a fast and automated analytical procedure for the analysis of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk and dairy products. The method is based on the simultaneous protein precipitation and AFM1 extraction, by salt-induced liquid-liquid extraction (SI-LLE), followed by an online solid-phase extraction (online SPE) coupled to ultra-high-pressure-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis to the automatic pre-concentration, clean up and sensitive and selective determination of AFM1. The main parameters affecting the extraction efficiency and accuracy of the analytical method were studied in detail. In the optimal conditions, acetonitrile and NaCl were used as extraction/denaturant solvent and salting-out agent in SI-LLE, respectively. After centrifugation, the organic phase (acetonitrile) was diluted with water (1:9 v/v) and purified (1mL) by online C18 cartridge coupled with an UHPLC column. Finally, selected reaction monitoring (SRM) acquisition mode was applied to the detection of AFM1. Validation studies were carried out on different dairy products (whole and skimmed cow milk, yogurt, goat milk, and powder infant formula), providing method quantification limits about 25 times lower than AFM1 maximum levels permitted by EU regulation 1881/2006 in milk and dairy products for direct human consumption. Recoveries (86-102%) and repeatability (RSD<3, n=6) meet the performance criteria required by EU regulation N. 401/2006 for the determination of the levels of mycotoxins in foodstuffs. Moreover, no matrix effects were observed in the different milk and dairy products studied. The proposed method improves the performance of AFM1 analysis in milk samples as AFM1 determination is performed with a degree of accuracy higher than the conventional methods. Other advantages are the reduction of sample preparation procedure, time and cost of the analysis, enabling high sample throughput that meet the current concerns of food safety and the public health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Campone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Piccinelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Rita Celano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Imma Pagano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Russo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
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21
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Multiclass Compatible Sample Preparation for UHPLC–MS/MS Determination of Aflatoxin M1 in Raw Milk. Chromatographia 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-015-2972-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Automated hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction coupled with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of aflatoxin M₁ in milk. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1416:137-40. [PMID: 26365912 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An automated hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) coupled with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the extraction and determination of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk samples. Parameters affecting the extraction efficiency, such as the extraction phase, matrix conditions, extraction time and temperature, were investigated. Under the optimal conditions (ratio of water to milk, 4:1; extraction time, 50 min; extraction temperature, 50°C; extraction phase, 50 mg L(-1) anti-AFM1 antibody in PBS buffer solution; volume of HCl solution, 250 μL; agitation speed, 250 rpm), the matrix-matched calibration curve for AFM1 determination showed good linearity in the range of 0.25-5 μg kg(-1). The enrichment factor (EF) reached 48, and the limits of detection and quantification were 0.06 and 0.21 μg kg(-1), respectively. The developed method was successfully applied for the extraction of AFM1 from spiked milk samples, with recoveries from 61.0% to 106.7%. The method was highly specific to AFM1 analysis, and the results demonstrated that the method can be automated, inexpensive, and free from interference.
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23
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Campone L, Piccinelli AL, Celano R, Russo M, Valdés A, Ibáñez C, Rastrelli L. A fully automated method for simultaneous determination of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in dried fruits by pressurized liquid extraction and online solid-phase extraction cleanup coupled to ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:2899-911. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Berthiller F, Brera C, Crews C, Iha M, Krsha R, Lattanzio V, MacDonald S, Malone R, Maragos C, Solfrizzo M, Stroka J, Whitaker T. Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2013-2014. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2015. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2014.1840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights developments in the determination of mycotoxins over a period between mid-2013 and mid-2014. It continues in the format of the previous articles of this series, emphasising on analytical methods to determine aflatoxins, Alternaria toxins, ergot alkaloids, fumonisins, ochratoxins, patulin, trichothecenes and zearalenone. The importance of proper sampling and sample preparation is briefly addressed in a dedicated section, while another chapter summarises new methods used to analyse botanicals and spices. As LC-MS/MS instruments are becoming more and more widespread in the determination of multiple classes of mycotoxins, another section is focusing on such newly developed multi-mycotoxin methods. While the wealth of published methods during the 12 month time span makes it impossible to cover every single one, this exhaustive review nevertheless aims to address and briefly discuss the most important developments and trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Berthiller
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - C. Brera
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety — GMO and Mycotoxins Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - C. Crews
- The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - M.H. Iha
- Laboratório I de Ribeiro Preto, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, CEP 14085-410, Ribeiro Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - R. Krsha
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - V.M.T. Lattanzio
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Via Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - S. MacDonald
- The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - R.J. Malone
- Trilogy Analytical Laboratory, 870 Vossbrink Dr, Washington, MO 63090, USA
| | - C. Maragos
- USDA, ARS National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N University St, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - M. Solfrizzo
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Via Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - J. Stroka
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM), Retieseweg 111, 2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - T.B. Whitaker
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, N.C. State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7625, USA
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25
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Multiclass method for the determination of quinolones and β-lactams, in raw cow milk using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and ultra high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1356:10-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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26
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Campone L, Piccinelli AL, Pagano I, Carabetta S, Di Sanzo R, Russo M, Rastrelli L. Determination of phenolic compounds in honey using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1334:9-15. [PMID: 24565235 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Honey is a valuable functional food rich in phenolic compounds with a broad spectrum of biological activities. Analysis of the phenolic compounds in honey is a very promising tool for the quality control, the authentication and characterization of botanical origin, and the nutraceutical research. This work describes a novel approach for the rapid analysis of five phenolic acids and 10 flavonoids in honey. Phenolic compounds were rapidly extracted and concentrated from diluted honey by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and then analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography with UV absorbance detection (HPLC-UV). Some important parameters, such as the nature and volume of extraction and dispersive solvents, pH and salt effect were carefully investigated and optimized to achieve the best extraction efficiency. Under the optimal conditions, an exhaustive extraction for twelve of the investigated analytes (recoveries >70%), with a precision (RSD<10%) highly acceptable for complex matrices, and detection and quantification limits at ppb levels (1.4-12 and 4.7-40ngg(-1), respectively) were attained. The proposed method, compared with the most widely used method in the analysis of phenolic compounds in honey, provided similar or higher extraction efficiency, except in the case of the most hydrophilic phenolic acids. The capability of DLLME to the extraction of other honey phytochemicals, such as abscisic acid, was also demonstrated. The main advantages of developed method are the simplicity of operation, the rapidity to achieve a very high sample throughput and low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Campone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Piccinelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Imma Pagano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Sonia Carabetta
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy
| | - Rosa Di Sanzo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Russo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy; Fondazione Mediterranea Terina, Area Industriale, 88046 Lamezia Terme, CZ, Italy
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
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