1
|
Mosharaf MK, Gomes RL, Cook S, Alam MS, Rasmusssen A. Wastewater reuse and pharmaceutical pollution in agriculture: Uptake, transport, accumulation and metabolism of pharmaceutical pollutants within plants. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143055. [PMID: 39127189 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceutical pollutants in water sources has become a growing concern due to its potential impacts on human health and other organisms. The physicochemical properties of pharmaceuticals based on their intended therapeutical application, which include antibiotics, hormones, analgesics, and antidepressants, is quite diverse. Their presence in wastewater, sewerage water, surface water, ground water and even in drinking water is reported by many researchers throughout the world. Human exposure to these pollutants through drinking water or consumption of aquatic and terrestrial organisms has raised concerns about potential adverse effects, such as endocrine disruption, antibiotic resistance, and developmental abnormalities. Once in the environment, they can persist, undergo transformation, or degrade, leading to a complex mixture of contaminants. Application of treated wastewater, compost, manures or biosolids in agricultural fields introduce pharmaceutical pollutants in the environment. As pharmaceuticals are diverse in nature, significant differences are observed during their uptake and accumulation in plants. While there have been extensive studies on aquatic ecosystems, the effect on agricultural land is more disparate. As of now, there are few reports available on the potential of plant uptake and transportation of pharmaceuticals within and between plant organs. This review summarizes the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in aquatic water bodies at a range of concentrations and their uptake, accumulation, and transport within plant tissues. Research gaps on pharmaceutical pollutants' specific effect on plant growth and future research scopes are highlighted. The factors affecting uptake of pharmaceuticals including hydrophobicity, ionization, physicochemical properties (pKa, logKow, pH, Henry's law constant) are discussed. Finally, metabolism of pharmaceuticals within plant cells through metabolism phase enzymes and plant responses to pharmaceuticals are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Khaled Mosharaf
- Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington, University of Nottingham, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom; Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh.
| | - Rachel L Gomes
- Food Water Waste Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Cook
- Water and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed S Alam
- Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington, University of Nottingham, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Rasmusssen
- Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington, University of Nottingham, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
García-Atienza P, Martínez-Pérez-Cejuela H, Manuel Herrero-Martínez J, Armenta S. Liquid phase microextraction based on natural deep eutectic solvents of psychoactive substances from biological fluids and natural waters. Talanta 2024; 267:125277. [PMID: 37813012 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES)-based for liquid phase microextraction (LPME) is proposed for the isolation of different psychoactive substances in water and biological fluids followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The NADES composition was optimized (L-menthol:octanoic acid, 1:2 M ratio) prior to the study of the extraction conditions such as sample and elution volumes, obtaining up to 16-fold preconcentration factor. Next, the quality parameters were studied including linearity from LOQs (0.0006-0.05 μg L-1) to 100 μg L-1, precision values (expressed as relative standard deviation, RSD≤8 %) and recoveries above 70 % in most cases. Certified saliva and serum samples were analyzed by the proposed method to assess the accuracy of the developed procedure, providing values statistically comparable to the certified ones. In addition, the proposed methodology was evaluated by applying green metrics (AGREEprep tool) and the obtained values were compared with those reported for a similar procedure using LPME with common organic solvents such as chloroform or dichloromethane, outperforming them in both cases, which points out the potential of this method from the sustainability point of view.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia García-Atienza
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Sergio Armenta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Milanesi CL, Protti S, Chiodi D, Profumo A, Merli D. Electrochemical characterization and voltammetric determination of aryl piperazine emerging as designer drugs. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
4
|
Boonmee W, Samoson K, Yodrak J, Thiagchanya A, Phonchai A, Limbut W. Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry for Quantification of Alprazolam. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102958. [PMID: 34065709 PMCID: PMC8156809 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and highly sensitive electrochemical sensor was developed for adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry of alprazolam. Based on an electrochemically pretreated glassy carbon electrode, the sensor demonstrated good adsorption and electrochemical reduction of alprazolam. The morphology of the glassy carbon electrode and the electrochemically pretreated glassy carbon electrode were characterized by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The electrochemical behaviors of alprazolam were determined by cyclic voltammetry, and the analytical measurements were studied by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry. Optimized operational conditions included the concentration and deposition time of sulfuric acid in the electrochemical pretreatment, preconcentration potential, and preconcentration time. Under optimal conditions, the developed alprazolam sensor displayed a quantification limit of 0.1 mg L-1, a detection limit of 0.03 mg L-1, a sensitivity of 67 µA mg-1 L cm-2 and two linear ranges: 0.1 to 4 and 4 to 20 mg L-1. Sensor selectivity was excellent, and repeatability (%RSD < 4.24%) and recovery (82.0 ± 0.2 to 109.0 ± 0.3%) were good. The results of determining alprazolam in beverages with the developed system were in good agreement with results from the gas chromatography-mass spectrometric method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waree Boonmee
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; (W.B.); (K.S.); (A.T.); (A.P.)
- Forensic Innovation Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Kritsada Samoson
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; (W.B.); (K.S.); (A.T.); (A.P.)
- Forensic Innovation Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, HatYai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Janjira Yodrak
- Satun Provincial Police Forensic Science, Police Forensic Science Center 9, Office of Police Forensic Science, Royal Thai Police, Mueangsatun, Satun 91000, Thailand;
| | - Adul Thiagchanya
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; (W.B.); (K.S.); (A.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Apichai Phonchai
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; (W.B.); (K.S.); (A.T.); (A.P.)
- Forensic Innovation Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Warakorn Limbut
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; (W.B.); (K.S.); (A.T.); (A.P.)
- Forensic Innovation Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, HatYai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-74-288563
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pesavento M, Merli D, Biesuz R, Alberti G, Marchetti S, Milanese C. A MIP-based low-cost electrochemical sensor for 2-furaldehyde detection in beverages. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1142:201-210. [PMID: 33280698 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in determining the concentration of furanic compounds naturally formed in food aqueous matrices, by in situ, fast and low-cost methods. A sensor presenting such characteristics is here proposed, and characterized. It is based on a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as a receptor with electrochemical transduction on a screen printed cell (SPC). The molecularly imprinted polymer has been developed for a particular furanic derivative, 2-furaldehyde (2-FAL). The detection bases on the reduction of 2-FAL selectively adsorbed on the polymer layer in contact with the working electrode. The polymer layer is simply formed by in situ polymerization, directly over the SPC and it was characterized by IR, SEM and electrochemical methods. Even if based on an easy and fast preparation procedure, the layer sufficiently adheres to the cell surface giving a reusable sensor. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) was applied as the signal acquisition method. The sensor performance in aqueous solution (NaCl 0.1 M) was tested, obtaining that the dose-response curve is fitted by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The sensitivity, and so the limit of detection, were noticeably improved by a chemometric approach based on the Design of experiment method. (optimized conditions: Estep = 0.03 V, Epulse = 0.066 V, f = 31 s-1). In water solution at pH around neutrality the dynamic range was from about 50 μM to 20 mM. Similar results were obtained for a white wine containing 12% ethanol, which has been considered as a typical example of beverage possibly containing furhaldehydes. The higher limit of quantification can be modulated by the amount of MIP deposited, while the lower detection limit by the conditions of the electrochemical measurement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Pesavento
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Italy.
| | - D Merli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - R Biesuz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - G Alberti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - S Marchetti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - C Milanese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
López-García E, Mastroianni N, Ponsà-Borau N, Barceló D, Postigo C, López de Alda M. Drugs of abuse and their metabolites in river sediments: Analysis, occurrence in four Spanish river basins and environmental risk assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123312. [PMID: 32653784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The environmental impact produced by the presence of drugs of abuse in sediments has been scarcely studied to date, even though many of them may adsorb onto particulate matter due to their physical-chemical properties. This study presents an analytical method for the determination of 20 drugs of abuse and metabolites in sediments. The validated method was satisfactory in terms of linearity (r2 >0.99), recovery (90-135 %), repeatability (relative standard deviations <15 %), sensitivity (limits of quantification <2.1 ng/g d.w, except for cannabinoids), and matrix effects (ionization suppression <40 %). The method was applied to the analysis of 144 sediments collected in four Spanish river basins. Cocaine, methadone, and its metabolite 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) were the most ubiquitous compounds (detection frequencies>36 %), whereas cannabinol, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and methadone were the most abundant compounds (up to 44, 37, and 33 ng/g d.w, respectively). The presence of EDDP, THC, and methadone in the sediments of 28 locations may pose a risk to sediment-dwelling organisms. To the author`s knowledge, this is the most extensive study conducted so far on the occurrence of drugs of abuse in sediments, and the first time that sediment-water distribution coefficients for EDDP, methadone, MDMA, and diazepam are reported from field observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ester López-García
- Water, Environmental, and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicola Mastroianni
- Water, Environmental, and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Damià Barceló
- Water, Environmental, and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research, H2O Buiding, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Grona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Cristina Postigo
- Water, Environmental, and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miren López de Alda
- Water, Environmental, and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Honeychurch KC. Review of Electroanalytical-Based Approaches for the Determination of Benzodiazepines. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2019; 9:bios9040130. [PMID: 31684040 PMCID: PMC6955736 DOI: 10.3390/bios9040130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The benzodiazepine class of drugs are characterised by a readily electrochemically reducible azomethine group. A number are also substituted by other electrochemically active nitro, N-oxide, and carbonyl groups, making them readily accessible to electrochemical determination. Techniques such as polarography, voltammetry, and potentiometry have been employed for pharmaceutical and biomedical samples, requiring little sample preparation. This review describes current developments in the design and applications of electrochemical-based approaches for the determination of the benzodiazepine class of drugs form their introduction in the early 1960s to 2019. Throughout this period, state-of-the-art electroanalytical techniques have been reported for their determination. Polarography was first employed focused on mechanistic investigations. Subsequent studies showed the adsorption of many the benzodiazepines at Hg electrodes allowed for the highly sensitive technique of adsorptive stripping voltammetry to be employed. The development and introduction of other working electrode materials such as carbon led to techniques such as voltammetry to become commonly reported, and the modification of these electrodes has now become the most commonly employed approach using molecularly imprinting and nanotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Honeychurch
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nunes CN, Dos Anjos VE, Quináia SP. Are there pharmaceutical compounds in sediments or in water? Determination of the distribution coefficient of benzodiazepine drugs in aquatic environment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 251:522-529. [PMID: 31103012 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Alprazolam, clonazepam and diazepam are drugs belonging to the benzodiazepine class. These drugs might be important environmental contaminants in aquatic media. A total understanding of behavior and fate of drugs in aquatic environment is not available for these and other drugs. Thus, in this work, a complete optimization of sample treatment and extraction of analytes from sediments and water was described, as well a study of sediment/water distribution comparing it with sample characteristics. Ultrasound for 10 min and 3 steps using 3 mL of extraction solvent were chosen as the stirring form for extraction. A methanol/water (1:1) solution pH 12 was the best extraction solvent. Aiming to eliminate interferences, an addition of 10 μL of NaCl 3.06 mol L-1 was necessary after each step of extraction. Sediment and water samples were characterized, presenting different values on physical-chemical parameters. Six distinct sample sets of water and sediments were spiked with each benzodiazepine and analyzed. Kd values varied from 1.4 to 9.2 L kg-1 for clonazepam, 1.8-11.5 L kg-1 for alprazolam and 2.31-12 L kg-1 for diazepam. A principal component analysis showed high dependence on Kd with sample characteristics mainly related to sediments. In the systems, whose sediments presented high levels of clay, silt and organic matter, the drugs presented a great interaction with the solid part of the system, increasing the Kd value. Koc values varied from 149.25 to 634.13 L kg-1 for clonazepam, 186.57-852.48 L kg-1 for alprazolam, and 194.68-1189.81 L kg-1 for diazepam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sueli Pércio Quináia
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, UNICENTRO, 85040-080, Guarapuava, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Application of chitosan as biocompatible polysaccharide in quantification of some benzodiazepines affecting sleep disorders: A new platform for preparation of bioactive scaffolds. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:2466-2481. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
10
|
Carter LJ, Williams M, Martin S, Kamaludeen SPB, Kookana RS. Sorption, plant uptake and metabolism of benzodiazepines. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 628-629:18-25. [PMID: 29428856 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Reuse of treated wastewater for irrigation of crops is growing in arid and semi-arid regions, whilst increasing amounts of biosolids are being applied to fields to improve agricultural outputs. Due to incomplete removal in the wastewater treatment processes, pharmaceuticals present in treated wastewater and biosolids can contaminate soil systems. Benzodiazepines are a widely used class of pharmaceuticals that are released following wastewater treatment. Benzodiazepines are represented by a class of compounds with a range of physicochemical properties and this study was therefore designed to evaluate the influence of soil properties on the sorption behaviour and subsequent uptake of seven benzodiazepines (chlordiazepoxide, clonazepam, diazepam, flurazepam, oxazepam, temazepam and triazolam) in two plant species. The sorption and desorption behaviour of benzodiazepines was strongly influenced by soil type and hydrophobicity of the chemical. The partitioning behaviour of these chemicals in soil was a key controller of the uptake and accumulation of benzodiazepines by radish (Raphanus sativus) and silverbeet (Beta vulgaris). Benzodiazepines such as oxazepam that were neutral, had low sorption coefficients (Kd) or had pH-adjusted log octanol-water partition coefficients (log Dow, pH6.3) values close to 2 had the greatest extent of uptake. Conversely, benzodiazepines such as flurazepam that had an ionised functional groups and greater Kd values had comparatively limited accumulation in the selected plant species. Results also revealed active in-plant metabolism of benzodiazepines, potentially analogous to the known metabolic transformation pathway of benzodiazepines in humans. Along with this observed biological transformation of benzodiazepines in exposed plants, previously work has established the widespread presence of the plant signalling molecule γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), which is specifically modulated by benzodiazepines in humans. This highlights the need for further assessment of the potential for biological activity of benzodiazepines following their plant uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Carter
- CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia; Environment Department, University of York, York YO10 5NG, UK.
| | - Mike Williams
- CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Sheridan Martin
- CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Sara P B Kamaludeen
- Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Department of Environmental Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rai S Kookana
- CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia; University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nogueira Nunes C, Egéa dos Anjos V, Pércio Quináia S. Determination of Diazepam and Clonazepam in Natural Water - a Voltammetric Study. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
12
|
Miranda L, Pereira VC, Machado CS, Torres YR, Dos Anjos VE, Quináia SP. Direct Determination of Nimesulide in Natural Waters and Wastewater by Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 73:631-640. [PMID: 28664382 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-017-0425-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are included in a group of compounds considered as contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in environmental matrices. The quantification of CECs is typically accomplished using chromatographic methods that require several sample pretreatment steps. The current study proposes a voltammetric method to quantify directly nimesulide (NIM) in aqueous samples. The voltammetric parameters were optimized and chosen based on the profile of the voltammograms and peak current intensity. The adequacy of the analytical method was evaluated using validation criteria, such as accuracy, selectivity, linearity, detection, and quantification limits. Linearity was assessed by a standard addition curve at a concentration range of 0.5-130 µg L-1 of NIM. The limit of quantification was 0.50 µg L-1, with 60 s of preconcentration time. Accuracy was expressed as recovery percentages of NIM and ranged from 111.4 to 119.8%. The voltammetric method herein proposed has several advantages over others already used to determine NIM, such as fewer sample pretreatment steps, faster, and cheaper analyses. NIM was detected in wastewater samples at concentration levels ranging from 101.7 to 385.0 µg L-1. This result is the first evidence about NIM occurrences in environmental matrices in the area surrounding the Itaipu Lake reservoir in Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciane Miranda
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Midwest (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, PR, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa C Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Midwest (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | - Christiane S Machado
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Midwest (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | - Yohandra R Torres
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Midwest (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | - Vanessa E Dos Anjos
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Sueli P Quináia
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Midwest (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nunes CN, Pauluk LE, Felsner ML, Egéa dos Anjos V, Quináia SP. Rapid Screening Method for Detecting Ethinyl Estradiol in Natural Water Employing Voltammetry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2016; 2016:3217080. [PMID: 27738548 PMCID: PMC5050357 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3217080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
17α-Ethinyl estradiol (EE2), which is used worldwide in the treatment of some cancers and as a contraceptive, is often found in aquatic systems and is considered a pharmaceutically active compound (PhACs) in the environment. Current methods for the determination of this compound, such as chromatography, are expensive and lengthy and require large amounts of toxic organic solvents. In this work, a voltammetric procedure is developed and validated as a screening tool for detecting EE2 in water samples without prior extraction, clean-up, or derivatization steps. Application of the method we elaborate here to EE2 analysis is unprecedented. EE2 detection was carried out using differential pulse adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (DP AdCSV) with a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) in pH 7.0 Britton-Robinson buffer. The electrochemical process of EE2 reduction was investigated by cyclic voltammetry at different scan rates. Electroreduction of the hormone on a mercury electrode exhibited a peak at -1.16 ± 0.02 V versus Ag/AgCl. The experimental parameters were as follows: -0.7 V accumulation potential, 150 s accumulation time, and 60 mV s-1 scan rate. The limit of detection was 0.49 μg L-1 for a preconcentration time of 150 s. Relative standard deviations were less than 13%. The method was applied to the detection of EE2 in water samples with recoveries ranging from 93.7 to 102.5%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chalder Nogueira Nunes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, 85040-080 Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | - Lucas Ely Pauluk
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, 85040-080 Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria Lurdes Felsner
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, 85040-080 Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Egéa dos Anjos
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Sueli Pércio Quináia
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, 85040-080 Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Voltammetry of benzodiazepines on meniscus-modified silver solid amalgam electrode. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-015-1594-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|